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We investigated whether residents who lived closer to the core of one of the largest industrial zone in Europe (Fos-sur-Mer, France) had higher serum levels of organochlorine indicators (NDL-PCBs, DL-PCBs and PCDD/Fs) than people who lived out of the industrial core zone (Saint-Martin-de-Crau, France). The INDEX cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2016. We collected blood samples from 138 people (80 in the exposed area and 58 in the control area), which were included using a stratified random sampling method and selected with strict criteria (e.g., 30–65 years old, living in the area for at least 3 years, not working in the industrial sector, non-smoker). Biomonitoring indicators were calculated using multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for personal physiological, social, dietary, housing characteristics and free-time activities. We also measured these pollutants in samples of lichens (Xanthoria parietina) and atmospheric particles (PM2.5). We found that behaviours that involved environmental exposures (such as gardening, dietary history of consumption of vegetables, eggs, poultry, and local seafood) were significantly associated with an increase in organochlorine serum levels amongst residents of the industrial port zone compared to the residents of the control area. We also observed spatial and temporal variations of the pollutants across the territory. Our observations provided clues in understanding the presence of organochlorine compounds in the human body and links to environmental exposures in the context of one of the largest industrial zone in Europe.

International audience; ObjectivesWe show that participatory research approaches can be a useful tool across disciplines and data collection methods to explore the socio-exposome near one of the largest industrial harbors in Europe. We analyzed resident involvement in each project and their capacity to affect structural changes.MethodsLongitudinal participatory environmental monitoring studies on lichens, petunias, aquatic systems and groundwater were conducted under the program VOCE (Volunteers for the Citizens' Observation of the Environment), which mobilized nearly 100 volunteers to collect and report data. A community-based participatory health survey, Fos EPSEAL was also carried out during the same period. We describe citizens' involvement in each study following Davis and Ramirez-Andreotta's (2021) ‘best practice’ grid. We also use residents' insights to refine understanding of the socio-exposome.ResultsThe region is significantly impacted by industrial pollution and fenceline communities are disproportionately exposed. The community-based participatory health survey documented negative health outcomes among the residents, including a higher prevalence of chronic symptoms and diabetes (e.g., 11.9%) in the Fos-Berre Lagoon region than in other communities. This methodology shows the benefits of the co-production of knowledge in environmental health: not only does it enable epistemological transformations favorable to the vulnerable population, but it also triggered public action (i.e., media and public authorities’ attention leading to official expertise reports, filing of collective complaints before the courts).ConclusionThis body of multiple participatory research studies over time is a useful approach to better understand the socio-exposome and health issues in an industrial zone.

A 46-year-old man underwent a left shoulder surgery in the beach chair position with general anaesthesia and oro-tracheal intubation preceded by a left interscalenic block. Patient's head was attached to the headrest in a position of soft extension and moderate right rotation with adhesive tape surrounding his forehead and mandible. Surgery was marked by repeated vertical tractions on the left arm and by blood resorption of the arthroscopy's irrigation fluid, including epinephrine, which translated in a heart rate and arterial blood pressure rise. Upon waking the patient had severe headaches, left Horner's sign, left facial paresis and a left lingual paralysis. MRI and CT scan did not show any carotid dissection or parapharyngeal lesion. Electromyogram and neurological examination confirmed a VII and XII cranial nerve peripheral lesion, which took several months to regress. An ischaemic complication was suspected although the most probable cause of the patient's symptoms was subsequent to an Eagle's syndrome neurapraxia related to a long styloid process.

We sought to determine whether the residents living closer to the core industrial zone (Fos-sur-Mer) had higher trace metals blood and urinary levels than residents who lived further away (Saint-Martin-de-Crau).As part of The INDEX study, we measured the following trace metals into blood and urine samples of 138 participants (80 in the core industrial zone and 58 in the reference area): Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Mercury, Nickel, Lead and Vanadium. Participants were recruited using a stratified random sampling method and had to meet the following inclusion criteria: 30-65 years old, living in the area since at least 3 years, not working in the industrial sector, non-smoker. We used single-pollutant multivariate linear regression models, using substitution when censored data were under 15 % and Tobit models alternatively, adjusting for personal physiological, social, dietary, housing characteristics and leisure activities. We also measured these trace metals in samples of lichens (Xanthoria parietina) and atmospheric particles (PMWe showed higher lichen and air levels of several metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Ni and Pb) in the exposed area. Living close to the core industrial zone was significantly associated with an increase in blood levels of lead (adjusted geometric mean = 17.2 [15.8-18.7] vs 15.1 [13.7-16.7] µg.LThese results brought interesting clues, in complement to national programs, regarding the exposure to trace metals of residents living in a major industrial harbor.

The bioaccumulation of metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn, Al, Fe) and organochlorine compounds (PCDD-Fs, and PCBs) was assessed in soils and vegetables of 3 sites of contrasted anthropogenic influence (rural and industrial-urban areas). Cultivated soils in industrial areas exhibited diffuse pollution in organochlorine pollutants (PCBs and PCDD-Fs). The pollutant levels encountered in vegetables were always lower than the regulatory or recommended values by EU. However, the contents measured in vegetables cultivated near industrialised areas were significantly higher than those observed in rural areas, this was notably the case for Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, NDL- and DL-PCB, PCDD and PCDF. The leaf pathway appeared as the main absorption pathway for many contaminants. The results suggested that population exposure to pollutants was mainly caused by the vegetable ingestion. In the vegetables and soils, the toxicity was mainly caused by the V, Co, Cd and Pb contents to which can be added As and PCDD-Fs for soils. Therefore, the proximity of vegetable crops to highly anthropised areas has led to long-term exposure of vegetables and soils to air pollutants, leading to an accumulation in the food-chain and thus a risk for human health.

The bioaccumulation of PAHs and metal elements in the indigenous lichens Xanthoria parietina was monitored during two years at a quarterly frequency, in 3 sites of contrasted anthropic influence. The impact of the meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed) was first estimated through principal component analysis, and then by stepwise multilinear regressions to include wind directions. The pollutants levels reflected the proximity of atmospheric emissions, in particular from a large industrial harbor. High humidity and mild temperatures, and in a lower extent low wind speed and rainfall, also favored higher concentration levels. The contributions of these meteorological aspects became minor when including wind direction, especially when approaching major emission sources. The bioaccumulation integration time towards meteorological variations was on a seasonal basis (1–2 months) but the wind direction and thus local emissions also relied on a longer time scale (12 months). This showed that the contribution of meteorological conditions may be prevalent in remote places, while secondary in polluted areas, and should be definitely taken into account regarding long-term lichen biomonitoring and inter-annual comparisons. In the same time, a quadruple sampling in each site revealed a high homogeneity among supporting tree species and topography. The resulting uncertainty, including sampling, preparation and analysis was below 30% when comfortable analytical conditions were achieved. Finally, the occurrence of unexpected events such as a major forest fire, permitted to evaluate that this type of short, although intense, events did not have a strong influence on PAH and metals bioaccumulation by lichen.

Thanks to the compelling economics of public cloud storage, the trend in the IT industry is to move the bulk of analytics and application data to services such as AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage. At the same time, customers want to continue accessing and analyzing much of that data using applications that run on compute clusters that may reside either on public clouds or on-premise. For VMware customers, those clusters run vSphere (sometimes with vSAN) on-premise and in the future may utilize SDDCaaS. Cloud storage exhibits high latencies and it is not appropriate for direct use by applications. A key challenge for these use cases is determining the subset of the typically huge data sets that need to be moved into the primary storage tier of the compute clusters. This paper introduces a novel approach for creating a hybrid cloud storage that allows customers to utilize the fast primary storage of their compute clusters as a caching tier in front of a slow secondary storage tier. This approach can be completely transparent requiring no changes to the application. To achieve this, we extended VDFS [16], a POSIX-compliant scale-out filesystem, with the concept of caching-tier volumes. VDFS caching-tier volumes resemble regular file system volumes, but they fault-in data from a cloud storage back-end on first access. Cached data are persisted on fast primary storage, close to the compute cluster, like VMware's vSAN. Caching-tier volumes use a write-back approach. The enterprise features of the primary storage ensure the persistence and fault tolerance of new or updated data. Write-back from the primary to cloud storage is managed using an efficient change-tracking mechanism built into VDFS called exo-clones [18]. This paper outlines the architecture and implementation of caching tier volumes on VDFS and reports on an initial evaluation of the current prototype.

At the global scale, foliar metal transfer occurs for consumed vegetables cultivated in numerous urban or industrial areas with a polluted atmosphere. However, the kinetics of metal uptake, translocation and involved phytotoxicity was never jointly studied with vegetables exposed to micronic and sub-micronic particles (PM). Different leafy vegetables (lettuces and cabbages) cultivated in RHIZOtest® devices were, therefore, exposed in a greenhouse for 5, 10 and 15 days to various PbO PM doses. The kinetics of transfer and phytotoxicity was assessed in relation to lead concentration and exposure duration. A significant Pb accumulation in leaves (up to 7392 mg/kg dry weight (DW) in lettuce) with translocation to roots was observed. Lead foliar exposure resulted in significant phytotoxicity, lipid composition change, a decrease of plant shoot growth (up to 68.2% in lettuce) and net photosynthesis (up to 58% in lettuce). The phytotoxicity results indicated plant adaptation to Pb and a higher sensitivity of lettuce in comparison with cabbage. Air quality needs, therefore, to be considered for the health and quality of vegetables grown in polluted areas, such as certain megacities (in China, Pakistan, Europe, etc. ) and furthermore, to assess the health risks associated with their consumption.

Les recherches scientifiques lancées par l’Institut Écocitoyen pour la Connaissance des Pollutions (IECP) dans le cadre de l’observatoire citoyen de l’environnement ont pour objectif de produire des connaissances sur la pollution industrielle du territoire de l’Ouest de l’Étang de Berre, en collaboration avec les citoyens volontaires. Ces études intègrent au moins à une étape l’action des citoyens dans l’acquisition de données permettant d’épauler les scientifiques dans la compréhension de l’impact de la pollution sur l’environnement. En ce qui concerne le compartiment atmosphérique, l’institut a notamment recours à plusieurs organismes bioindicateurs, comme les lichens ou les pétunias, afin d’obtenir des connaissances supplémentaires sur l’état général de l’environnement du territoire. Après la création d’un protocole dédié à des observations citoyennes de l’environnement, chaque volontaire est formé à l’échantillonnage scientifique ou à la reconnaissance d’espèces lichéniques, par exemple. Les données ainsi récoltées par la population locale sont d’une aide cruciale pour les scientifiques.

Lichen samples from contrasted environments, influenced by various anthropic activities, were investigated focusing on the contaminant signatures according to the atmospheric exposure typologies. Most of the contaminant concentrations measured in the 27 lichen samples, collected around the industrial harbor of Fos-sur-Mer (France), were moderate in rural and urban environments, and reached extreme levels in industrial areas and neighboring cities (Al up to 6567 mg kg−1, Fe 42,398 mg kg−1, or ΣPAH 1417 μg kg−1 for example). At the same time, a strong heterogeneity was noticed in industrial samples while urban and rural ones were relatively homogeneous. Several metals could be associated to steel industry (Fe, Mn, Cd), road traffic, and agriculture (Sb, Cu, Sn), or to a distinct chemical installation (Mo). As well, PCDFs dominated in industrial samples while PCDDs prevailed in urban areas. The particularities observed supported the purpose of this work and discriminated the contributions of various atmospheric pollution emission sources in lichen samples. A statistical approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) was applied and resolved these potential singularities into specific component factors. Even if a certain degree of mixing of the factors is pointed out, relevant relationships were observed with several atmospheric emission sources. By this methodology, the contribution of industrial emissions to the atmospheric metal, PAH, PCB, and PCDD/F levels was roughly estimated to be 60.2%, before biomass burning (10.2%) and road traffic (3.8%). These results demonstrate that lichen biomonitoring offers an encouraging perspective of spatially resolved source apportionment studies.

International audience; Due to diffuse atmospheric fallouts of process particles enriched by metals and metalloids, polluted soils concern large areas at the global scale. Useful tools to assess ecotoxicity induced by these polluted soils are therefore needed. Earthworms are currently used as biotest, however the influence of specie and earthworm behaviour, soil characteristics are poorly highlighted. Our aim was therefore to assess the toxicity of various polluted soils with process particles enriches by metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, As and Sb) collected from a lead recycling facility on two earthworm species belonging to different ecological types and thus likely to have contrasted behavioural responses (Eiseina hortensis and Lum-bricus terrestris). The combination of behavioural factors measurements (cast production and biomass) and physico-chemical parameters such as metal absorption, bioaccumulation by earthworms and their localization in invertebrate tissues provided a valuable indication of pollutant bioavailability and ecotoxicity. Soil characteristics influenced ecotoxicity and metal uptake by earthworms, as well as their soil bioturbation.

Purpose The present research aimed to assess the influence of two phosphorous (P) amendments on metal speciation in rhizosphere soil and the soil–plant transfer of metals.

This paper examines the effectiveness of an embedded spanwise Coriolis absorber in a rotor blade in reducing the in-plane vibratory hub loads. Simulations based on a light, four-bladed, hingeless rotor helicopter similar to the BO-105 showed that in high-speed flight (140 kt), over 85% reductions in both 4/rev longitudinal and lateral hub shears could nominally be achieved using an absorber mass 3% of the blade mass situated at 60% span, oscillating at 3/rev with an amplitude of about 0.03 ft. If the baseline in-plane vibration levels of the helicopter are increased to 0.1–0.12 g, the reduction achieved with the same absorber mass are in the range of 60%–70% while the absorber motion increases to 0.15 ft. The phase of the 3/rev absorber motion is critically important to realizing hub vibration reduction, and the absorber tuning frequency is set to a value close to, but not exactly at 3/rev, to achieve correct phasing. The absorber reduced the 4/rev in-plane hub forces by reducing the magnitude of the 3/rev blade root drag shear while simultaneously reversing the phase of the 3/rev blade root radial shear. The reductions in vibratory hub forces observed at 140-kt high-speed flight condition were largely preserved as the flight speed was reduced to 100 kt cruise condition, without any need for retuning of the absorber.

Objective Literature review and meta-analysis to review the evidence of relationship between the presence of right-to-left shunts (RLSs) and the occurrence of neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in divers. Data sources MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Health Technology Assessment databases. Study selection Five case-control studies in which the prevalence of a RLS in a group of divers with neurological DCS was compared with that of a group of divers with no history of DCS, 3 cross-transversal studies in which the prevalence of RLS was measured in divers with neurological DCS, and 4 cross-transversal studies in which the prevalence of RLS was measured in divers with no history of DCS were reviewed. Data extraction Only case-control studies were retained for meta-analysis. Data synthesis This meta-analysis gathers 5 studies and 654 divers. The combined odds ratio of neurological DCS in divers with RLS was 4.23 (3.05-5.87). The meta-analysis including only large RLS found a combined odds ratio of 6.49 (4.34-9.71). Conclusions Because of a low incidence of neurological DCS, increase in absolute risk of neurological DCS due to RLS is probably small. Thus, in recreational diving, the systematic screening of RLS seems unnecessary. In professional divers, because of a chronic exposition and unknown consequences of cerebral asymptomatic lesions, these results raise again the benefit of the transcranial Doppler in the screening and quantification of the RLS, independently of their location.

The effectiveness of a constrained-layer damping treatment in dissipating energy and thereby augmenting the system damping is contingent on the viscoelastic polymer having a fairly significant value of material loss factor. A monolithic viscoelastic polymer tends to be lossy over a fairly narrow temperature range, corresponding to the material being in the transition state. At temperatures below this range, the viscoelastic polymer displays glassy behavior, whereas for higher temperatures, it displays rubbery behavior. In either case, the material loss factor reduces sharply and the effectiveness of the damping treatment is severely degraded. A gradient viscoelastic polymer layer, for which the properties vary through the thickness of the layer, can increase the temperature range of effectiveness of the damping treatment. This is because different regions through the thickness enter transition at different temperatures, and so the gradient polymer as a whole provides damping augmentation over a broader temperature range. Classical constrained-layer damping treatments with monolithic polymeric damping layers routinely assume a uniform shear strain through the thickness of the damping layer. However, because the shear modulus of the gradient viscoelastic polymer can vary by up to two-three orders of magnitude through the thickness, the shear strain can also be expected to vary substantially through the thickness. Consequently, a new analysis is developed with the gradient viscoelastic polymer modeled as comprising N discrete sublayers, each with its distinct properties and each assigned an independent shear degree of freedom. Simulation results are presented for a gradient polymer comprising N = 2 discrete sublayers. The results of the study are used to understand the underlying physics. It is seen that ideally, the glassy temperature of the two sublayers should be approximately similar. Further, the treatment is most effective if the sublayer that goes into glass transition at higher temperatures has a lower rubbery modulus than the sublayer going into glass transition at lower temperatures.

Our objective was to analyse economic consequences modifying first line chemotherapy in treatment non small cell lung cancer IIIB-IV. Therefore a cost minimisation has been performed. Resources consumption were collected in a Pneumology department for 21 patients receiving previously mitomycine-ifosfamide-platin and for the 21 first patients receiving vinorelbine-platin, new patients diagnosed during year 2001. Costs were derived from hospital accounting system, economic analysis performed from the hospital and from the health French system points of view. Activity Synthetic Index point decrease of 2.9% per patient in vinorelbine-platin versus mitomycine-ifosfamide-platin, as an increase of 64.6% of hospital drug spending is registered (1,893 Euro versus 1,150 Euro) and an over cost of 15.7% for health French system (14179 Euro versus 12,257 Euro). Whatever the perspective of economic analysis, vinorelbine-platin arm is dominated by the mitomycine-ifosfamide-platin arm.

La part des particules fines et ultrafines (PM2.5 et PM1) emises dans l’atmosphere a augmente de maniere significative, en lien avec la mise en place en sortie d’echappement des usines de filtres de plus en plus efficaces vis a vis des fractions granulometriques plus importantes. Ces particules fines et ultrafines sont fortement reactives et presentent un risque important a la fois pour la sante humaine et les milieux environnants (air, sol, eau, vegetal). Ces particules etant tres fines, elles sont capables de penetrer plus en profondeur dans l'appareil respiratoire et d’atteindre les alveoles pulmonaires. L'ingestion est egalement une voie d'exposition importante, notamment par la consommation de vegetaux contamines. L’etude de l’accumulation et du transfert de particules par voie foliaire chez des vegetaux cultives en proximite d’usines telles que les industries de production et de recyclage de metaux ferreux ou non est donc d'un interet majeur. Ainsi nos travaux ont ete realises au sein d'une usine de recyclage de batteries au plomb, localisee en pleine zone urbaine a Toulouse. Dans un premier temps, nous avons caracterise des particules a l’echelle individuelle grâce au couplage de techniques spectroscopiques et d’imageries. Les resultats montrent que le plomb se retrouve majoritairement dans les fractions les plus fines (PM1), sous differentes formes chimiques et parfois en melange avec d’autres especes. Dans un second temps, des choux ont ete exposes dans l’enceinte de l’usine pour une duree de 6 semaines. Les resultats montrent une accumulation assez importante de plomb a la surface ainsi que dans les feuilles accompagnee de la formation de necroses. Dans certaines de ces necroses, la speciation du plomb se trouve changee. Afin de mieux comprendre ces phenomenes, des tests d’exposition a differents types de particules monometalliques en laboratoire ont ete effectues. Les resultats, completes par des tests biologiques, montrent des differences significatives d’un metal a un autre.

Background A new form of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy has recently been described as a midventricular localisation, opposite to the apical typical form. Case report We report the case of a patient who presented with a sudden cardiac death and an acute coronary syndrome. However, coronary arteries were normal and the left ventriculography showed a midventricular ballooning Tako-Tsubo syndrome associated with a hawk's beak. A cerebral CT scan revealed a massive subarachnoid haemorrhage in relation with a left sylvian aneurysm rupture leading to the death of the patient. Conclusion This case relates for the first time, the association of a subarachnoid haemorrhage and the recently described midventricular form of Tako-Tsubo syndrome with a hawk's beak. It is an illustration of the complexity of the relationships between brain and heart.

Les pressions demographiques et foncieres en zones urbaines incitent a la remediation des sols pollues des friches. Les phytotechnologies, qui reduisent, a un cout modere, les risques environnementaux et sanitaires et favorisent la refonctionnalisation des sols degrades, se developpent donc. Cependant, un suivi dans le temps du site traite, la mise en place de filieres de gestion des plantes contaminees et une communication aupres des populations sont requis. La phytoextraction, la phytostabilisation et la phytovolatilisation appliquees aux sols pollues par les metaux persistants sont abordees de facon transversale : recherche scientifique, reglementation et applications.

Inactivation of prion deposits on medical devices or prion contamination in pharmaceutical raw materials is considered as impossible by using gamma irradiation. Early, the guideline WHO/CDS/CSR/APH/2000 has described irradiation as an ineffective process. But, in 2003, S. Miekka et al. noted radiation inactivation of prions in a particular application to purify human albumin, shown by the physical denaturation of the infectious protein (PrP). The aim of our study was to determine the inactivation of prions with a scrapie model (strain C506M3) by irradiating standardised preparations. Results : Gamma irradiation was partially effective, showing a 4–5 log reduction on exposure to 50 kGy. A characteristic effect–dose curve was not observed (25, 50 and 100 kGy), only an increase in the incubation period of the murine disease (229 days with 25 kGy to 290 days with 100 kGy) compared with 170 days without irradiation. Since the inactivation was not a total one, the observed effect is significant. It is proposed that further work be undertaken with the model to investigate the application of gamma radiation known levels of prion contamination.

International audience; This study proposes global threat scores to prioritize the harmfulness of anthropogenic fine and ultrafine metallic particles (FMP) emitted into the atmosphere at the global scale. (Eco)toxicity of physicochemically characterized FMP oxides for metals currently observed in the atmosphere (CdO, CuO, PbO, PbSO4, Sb2O3, and ZnO) was assessed by performing complementary in vitro tests: ecotoxicity, human bioaccessibility, cytotoxicity, and oxidative potential. Using an innovative methodology based on the combination of (eco)toxicity and physicochemical results, the following hazard classification of the particles is proposed: CdCl2~CdO>CuO>PbO>ZnO>PbSO4>Sb2O3. Both cadmium compounds exhibited the highest threat score due to their high cytotoxicity and bioaccessible dose, whatever their solubility and speciation, suggesting that cadmium toxicity is due to its chemical form rather than its physical form. In contrast, the Sb2O3 threat score was the lowest due to particles with low specific area and solubility, with no effects except a slight oxidative stress. As FMP physicochemical properties reveal differences in specific area, crystallization systems, dissolution process, and speciation, various mechanisms may influence their biological impact. Finally, this newly developed and global approach could be widely used in various contexts of pollution by complex metal particles and may improve risk management.

This CMOS chip replaces a 72-wire interface with 4 serial, duplex links, for relief of interconnect congestion in applications such as large switching systems. The design supports transmission at 1.6 Gb/s per direction in full-duplex mode and provides the user with a transparent interface. The data source provides fixed-length synchronous packets segmented into 4 parallel bytes along with parity and flag bits. The packet size can be programmed up to 4/spl times/64 B with a parameter loaded from an external controller. Data packets can he transmitted contiguously. During idle periods that are marked by a flag, the circuit generates and transmits fill packets, which start with a non-data Comma character. The Comma marks both byte and packet boundaries on a serial link. The Fill packets carry an idle sequence or diagnostic and control information such as Not Operational, Remote Wrap, or Unwrap. Each link carries 400 Mb/s, corresponding to 500 Mbaud after 8 B/10 B encoding.

The advantages of band-filtering schemes, based on the selection of an inversion profile, over selective 90° excitation pulse are presented. The performances of two “user-friendly” methods based on such a scheme, DANTE-Z and Spin Pinging, are evaluated. As expected, the two methods give similar results, but, among other things, DANTE-Z is easier to implement on a “routine” spectrometer than Spin Pinging and is less sensitive to relaxation phenomena, especially those related toT2. Moreover, the advantages of using high-power pulse-width-modulated DANTE trains instead of low-power “soft” pulse are emphasized. In association with DANTE-Z or Spin Pinging, this alternative avoids the tedious calibration of BURP pulses and amounts to the calibration of a conventional π/2 “hard” pulse.

We report the regional assignment on Chromosome (Chr) 11q of two cDNA clones selected as sequences expressed in mature kidney and not expressed in Wilms' tumor. Clone T70 was identified as an alpha B-crystallin sequence (CRYA2). CRYA2 has previously been mapped to 11q22.3-23.1 by in situ hybridization. Clone 6.2 represents a new gene expressed in adult and fetal kidney, pancreas, and liver. In order to map sequences corresponding to clone 6.2 and to physically define the boundaries of the localization of CRYA2, we used somatic cell hybrids carrying either different human chromosomes or Chr 11 segments and a cell line established from a patient with an interstitial deletion of region 11q14.3-q22.1. We showed that CRYA2 lies proximal to the 11q23.2 breakpoint defined by the constitutional t(11;22) and distal to the 11q22.1 breakpoint (between D11S388 and D11S35) of a constitutional interstitial deletion. This is in agreement with previous data obtained by in situ hybridization and provides proximal and distal physical benchmarks for this localization. Clone 6.2-related sequence (D11S877E) was assigned to region 11q23.2-q24.2 defined by the breakpoints of the constitutional t(11;22) and of the Ewing's sarcoma neuroepithelioma t(11;22).

Objectif. - Le pronostic des syndromes coronariens aigus du sujet âge est sombre et l'influence des criteres geriatriques demeure inconnue. L'objectif de ce travail est d'identifier les facteurs predictifs d'evolution defavorable a six mois d'une population de sujets âges pris en charge pour un syndrome coronarien aigu. Materiel et methode. - Chez 132 patients de plus de 80 ans et 127 patients de moins de 80 ans admis aux soins intensifs de cardiologie pour un syndrome coronarien aigu entre mai 2006 et janvier 2007, l'evolution, la mortalite et les evenements cardiovasculaires ont ete compares en phase hospitaliere et au sixieme mois. Resultats. - Les sujets de plus de 80 ans sont moins souvent coronarographies (85,6% versus 97,7%, p

Aim The aim of this study was to review the use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in a medical intensive care unit. Materials and Methods Double-blind prospective study conducted in a 14-bed intensive care unit, covering all patients admitted over a 2-month period. A comparison with 2 guidelines based on indication, age of the patient, kidney function, platelet count, and duration of treatment was performed. Bleeding complication and clinically diagnosed phlebitis episodes were collected. Results One hundred thirty-six patients (71 treated with LMWH and 65 untreated) were included in the study (mean age, 60 ± 18 years; SAPS (Simplified Acute Physiology Score) II, 39 ± 23). Among treated patients, 9 were overtreated (13%), and among nontreated patients, 13 were undertreated (20%). In the cohort of treated patients, reasons for failure to comply with recommendations included age of the patient (30%), creatinine clearance (18%), platelet count (32.4%), and duration of treatment (12.7%). Low-molecular-weight heparin prescriptions were conforming to the 4 criteria in 35.2% of patients, to 3 in 43.7%, to 2 in 19.7%, and to 1 in 1.4%. Conclusion The prescription of prophylactic LMWH in intensive care has become a routine. Our study shows that over- and underprescription are common together with misuse.

A CMOS chip containing four 500-MBd serializer/deserializer pairs has been designed to relieve interconnect congestion in an ATM switch system. The 9.7 9.7 mm2 chip fabricated in a 0.8m technology is packaged on a ceramic ball grid array and dissipates 3.5 W. It replaces a 72-wire parallel interface with an eight-line serial interface transparent to the user and supports transmission at 1.6 Gb/s per direction in full-duplex mode. Virtually error-free operation in a system environment over electrical serial links having up to 9 dB loss at 500 MHz has been realized using signal predistortion for the serial bit stream and PLL clock recovery for each of the four receivers. Interface timing and serial-link driver strength are programmable.

We applied a subtractive hybridization approach to isolate genes differentially expressed between mature kidney and Wilms' tumor. We constructed a complementary DNA library from a total mature kidney complementary DNA subtracted by an excess of mRNA from a Wilms' tumor, WAGR4, with a germline deletion of 11p13 and a somatic loss of alleles at 11p15. Six clones presenting a differential pattern of expression, positive with mRNA from the mature kidney and negative with mRNA from the Wilms' tumor WAGR4, were characterized. Among these clones were two as yet unknown expressed sequences (D11S877E and D15S109E) and four sequences from known genes: renal dipeptidase (DPEP1), alpha B-crystallin (CRYA2), uromodulin (UMOD), and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX2). The different patterns of expression of these genes in 11 Wilms' tumors, whether or not they are hereditary, reflect the well-documented pathogenetic heterogeneity for Wilms' tumors. We propose that these clones could be helpful for an improved histological characterization of Wilms' tumors.

The authors report the subregional physical and genetic mapping on chromosome 16q of a cDNA clone selected as a potential tumor/growth suppressor sequence. By DNA sequencing and RNA expression pattern, this clone was identified as part of the renal dipeptidase gene (DPEP1). Using somatic cell hybrids carrying either different human chromosomes or chromosome 16 segments, they confirm and refine the physical mapping of DPEP1 to the chromosome 16 subregion q24.3. Two RFLPs, a biallelic polymorphism detected by TaqI and a VNTR detected by BamHI, EcoRI, and BglII, are described. Using the VNTR polymorphism, DPEP1 was shown to be linked to D16S7 with a maximum lod score of 5.8 at a recombination fraction of 0.03. 14 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses double-base propellants, their composition and raw materials, the manufacturing process, and their safety characteristics. Propellants in which the binder consists of an energetic polymer plasticized with a nitric ester, particularly nitrocellulose plasticized with nitroglycerine, are commonly called double-base propellants. The constituents of these propellants are classified into five groups of products, based on their functions: energetic-base constituents, additives for easier manufacture, chemical stability additives, burning-rate additives, and other additives for specific operations. The combustion of the propellant is triggered by the mechanical stimuli of the impact or friction. The manufacturing process plays a role to ensure the transformation of the raw materials into a finished product. The manufacturing process involves a number of essential functions, such as the homogenization of the product, its gelatinization, and its shape. The various ingredients used in these propellants are indexed in toxicity lists, which indicate the various and particular precautions that have to be observed during the manufacture. So far as the pyrotechnic safety characteristics are concerned, the nitrocellulose is usually desensitized through the addition of water—in the manufacturing of pastes or alcohol.

The preliminary results of a joint programme for the management of large raptor populations, carried out since 1984 by four French Regional and National Parks, are presented. The species given priority are the following : Golden Eagle, Bearded Vulture, and Osprey in Corsica ; Golden Eagle, Bonelli’s Eagle and Eagle Owl in Haut Languedoc ; Bonelli’s Eagle, Egyptian Vulture, and Eagle Owl in Luberon ; and Golden Eagle, Peregrine, and Eagle Owl in the Cevennes. Information is given on population densities, breeding success, diet and population trends, in the four parks concerned., Gallardo Max,Austruy Jean-Claude,Cochet Gilbert,Seriot Jean,Neri F.,Torré J.,Thibault Jean-Claude. Gestion des populations de grands rapaces . In: Revue d'Écologie. Supplément n°4, 1987. pp. 241-252.

ResumeUne souche de tissus de pomme Golden Delicious est entretenue depuis 1971 en vue de l'obtention de suspensions cellulaires.Les cytokinines ameliorent considerablement la croissance des tissus lors des premiers repiquages, mais ne sont pas indispensables par la suite. Apres plus d'un an de culture, les auxines «fortes» (2, 4-D) ont pu etre remplacees par des auxines «faibles» (AIA). La dose d'aucun dos macro-elements du milieu mineral de MURASHIGE et SKOOG (1962) ne constitue un facteur limitant de la proliferation.Des suspensions cellulaires ont ete etablies et repiquees tous les 8 a 10 jours depuis plusieurs mois. Un exemple de la cinetique de leur croissance (evaluee par la mesure des poids frais, poids sec, volume cellulaire et nombre de cellules) est donne pour deux densites cellulaires differentes de l'inoculum. Ces suspensions se divisent a un taux comparable a celui de suspensions d'Acer par exemple.

Austruy Jacques. La transformation du pouvoir dans le début du développement économique. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 15, n°57, 1974. Pouvoir, mythes et idéologies (sous la direction de Guy Caire) sous la direction de Guy Caire. pp. 47-56.

Austruy Jacques. Méthodes mathématiques et sciences de l'homme. In: Revue économique, volume 12, n°3, 1961. pp. 414-439.

Austruy Jacques. Note sur la théorie de l'oligopole. In: Revue économique, volume 13, n°4, 1962. pp. 688-695.

Austruy Jacques. Décision événementielle et événement décisif. In: Communications, 18, 1972. L'événement. pp. 85-89.

Austruy Jacques. La réglementation des ententes et les pouvoirs compensateurs dans le Marché commun. In: Revue économique, volume 11, n°5, 1960. pp. 770-802.