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Sigmoid volvulus is a condition in which the torsion of the sigmoid colon around its mesenteric axis leads to acute colonic obstruction that is not timely and properly treated, leading to life-threatening and morbid complications such as bowel ischemia, gangrene and perforation. The aim of the study is to analyze the risk factor of SV, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment, complications and outcomes when it presents as a surgical emergency in a tribal area in central India. This is a prospective, single-center, cohort study of 24 patients presenting to the government with features of SV. medical college Shahdol [tribal area of ​​central India] from June 2022 to November 2022. All data formulated in frequency charts. We develop a prediction model for the high incidence of SV, its presentation and treatment in patients from the trunk region. 21 patients (87.5%) were male and 3 patients (12.5%) were female. The age of the patients varied between 30-80 years, most of them between 50-70 years. The main risk factors were [1] old age, [2] male gender, [3] rural residence, [4] low socioeconomic status, [5] pure vegetarian diet, [6] abuse [mc-alcohol], [7] chronic constipation, [8] chronic pain medication user [9] associated comorbidity [mc-hypertension] [10] high fiber diet, have a higher chance of this. The most common symptoms were absolute constipation and generalized abdominal distension followed by abdominal pain. The most common symptoms were tenderness followed by tachycardia and then fever. All patients were examined by clinical symptoms, plain X-ray of the upright abdomen and blood tests. Vomiting, the most common postoperative complication, followed paralytic ileus. Among the patients, 6 had distended gangrenous SV, 15 patients were found to have distended non-gangrenous, and 3 patients had perforated gangrenous sigmoid colon volvulus. Mostly treated with sigmoidectomy with stoma followed by resection with colorectal anastomosis with flatus bypass. Most patients were discharged, only 3 [12.8%] patients died.SV predominates in older men. Most patients with SV have a history of alcohol abuse, a high-fiber diet, and low socioeconomic status.

Background: Sigmoid volvulus is a condition in which the torsion of the sigmoid colon around its mesenteric axis leads to acute colonic obstruction that is not timely and properly treated, leading to life-threatening and morbid complications such as bowel ischemia, gangrene and perforation. The aim of the study is to analyze the risk factor of SV, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment, complications and outcomes when it presents as a surgical emergency in a tribal area in central India. Methods: This is a prospective, single-center, cohort study of 24 patients presenting to the government with features of SV. medical college Shahdol [tribal area of central India] from June 2022 to November 2022. All data formulated in frequency charts. Results: we develop a prediction model for the high incidence of SV, its presentation and treatment in patients from the trunk region. 21 patients (87.5%) were male and 3 patients (12.5%) were female. The age of the patients varied between 30-80 years, most of them between 50-70 years. The main risk factors were [1] old age, [2] male gender, [3] rural residence, [4] low socioeconomic status, [5] pure vegetarian diet, [6] abuse [mc-alcohol], [7] chronic constipation, [8] chronic pain medication user [9] associated comorbidity [mc-hypertension] [10] high fiber diet, have a higher chance of this. The most common symptoms were absolute constipation and generalized abdominal distension followed by abdominal pain. The most common symptoms were tenderness followed by tachycardia and then fever. All patients were examined by clinical symptoms, plain X-ray of the upright abdomen and blood tests. Vomiting, the most common postoperative complication, followed paralytic ileus. Among the patients, 6 had distended gangrenous SV, 15 patients were found to have distended non-gangrenous, and 3 patients had perforated gangrenous sigmoid colon volvulus. Mostly treated with sigmoidectomy with stoma followed by resection with colorectal anastomosis with flatus bypass. Most patients were discharged, only 3 [12.8%] patients died. Conclusions: SV predominates in older men. Most patients with SV have a history of alcohol abuse, a high-fiber diet, and low socioeconomic status.

This study aims to analyse the spatio-temporal trends in water quality, trophic state, and organic contamination of an alpine lake in the Darjeeling Himalaya through field investigations and to portray a comprehensive picture using multivariate analysis. Analysed water parameters have shown notable seasonal variations and were within the acceptable range for inland surface water. Water quality index (WQI) and organic pollution index (OPI) values have displayed ‘poor’ to ‘heavily polluted’ status in the pre-monsoon season, with marginally better conditions during the post-monsoon studies. Trophic state indices (TSIs) values revealed ‘eutrophic to highly eutrophic’ conditions during the investigation period. The results of the PCA have depicted three major determining factors (i.e., anthropogenic contribution, geogenic or weathering, and seasonal/climatic factors) that control the overall pollution level in the lake water system. The current study can potentially be a benchmark for assessing and undertaking management and restoration measures for this nascent alpine ecosystem.

Objectives: Hemoglobinopathies are serious genetic blood disorders requiring lifelong blood transfusions and treatment in its most severe and chronic form. If undiagnosed or untreated, these disorders ultimately lead to death. South Asia especially India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh has high populations of hemoglobinopathies. In India, there are an estimated 100,000 thalassemia majors patients and nearly 3.5 to 4 million carriers of this genetic disorder. Tribal populations in India have a range of 5–40% sickle cell anemia (SCA) sufferers. The aim of the study was to detect hemoglobinopathies by electrophoresis in microcytic hypochromic anemia in young population in the area covered by tertiary care center at Index Medical College and Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a hospital in rural area of Indore on young patients (10–30 years age group) who attended outpatient department from June 2018 to March 2020. Total 517 cases of moderate to severe anemia were included in the study. All cases were subjected to a series of hematological investigations, which include complete hemogram, peripheral blood smear, and some standard procedures. Sysmex XS800i fully automated Cell counter was used for complete blood count. It is the 5-part differential instrument. It reports on all the five subpopulations, namely, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. A blood smear is a blood test used to look for abnormalities in blood cells. Results: In the study, out of 517 cases 34.4% cases were positive on Hb electrophoresis and 65.6% were negative. On electrophoresis, the number of sickle cell anemia cases was 34.3%, sickle cell trait – 20.8%, sickle beta-thalassemia – 29.8% and beta-thalassemia major – 29.8% was observed. In hemoglobinopathies, of the 73 females, 28.8% were having beta-thalassemia trait, 27.4% were having SCA 23.3% were having sickle beta-thalassemia, and 20.5% were having sickle cell trait. Of the 105 males, 30.5% were having beta-thalassemia trait, 9.5% were having sickle beta-thalassemia, 39.0% were having SCA, and 21.0% were having sickle cell trait. Conclusion: The ANMs, ASHA, and Anganwadis should be taught about the importance of screening of hemoglobinopathies. So that they can explain the purpose of screening to the female during pregnancy and to the families in the rural areas. At primary level, the CHCs and PHCs should be equipped with instruments for basic testing of hemoglobinopathies.

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computational technique that divides complex structures into small elements and solves them numerically using various partial differential equations. In agriculture, engineers can use numerical simulation based on the FEA technique to study the behaviour of various input products in order to optimise the design of any machine without developing a prototype. The present study focused to design and simulates the frame of tractor operated single row maize cobs picker by employing the FEA technique. A 3D-CAD model of the frame of a tractor-operated single row maize cobs picker was created using the Solid Works software, and a static structural test was performed using the FEA technique in the ANSYS version 15.0 workbench software. A special fixture has been developed to calculate the force required to scrape the pulpy material of the leaves in the Universal Testing Machine. According to the simulation results, maximum deformation was observed as 0.051mm while maximum shear stress and Von Mises equivalent stress were found to be 0.246 MPaPa and 1. 47 MPa, respectively at 250 N scraping forces. Additionally, it was noted that the stress values fall within the material's yield strength. The FEA approach was found to be a scientific and highly effective method for designing and simulating the frame of a tractor-operated single row maize cobs picker.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a popular herbaceous plant, has been generally used as a flavoring agent and herbal medicine for centuries. The main components of ginger rhizome are corbohydtrates, lipids, essential oils, terpenes and phenol compounds such as shogaol and gingerol. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion in terms of the clinical effects of ginger in all reported areas. Clinical applications of ginger with an expectation of clinical benefits are receiving significant attention. The consumption of the ginger rhizome is a typical traditional remedy to relieve common health problems. Ginger shows the wide range of pharmacological and biological potential in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, like colds, nausea, arthritis, migraines, diabetes, allergy and hypertension.

PurposeBlock chain technology (BCT) has apparent capability of handling information in digital format, which has dragged attention of the practitioners for its utility in industrial and manufacturing practices. Conversely, the managerial adoption of BCT is relatively limited, which motivated the authors to identify crucial dimensions that can persuade the acceptance of BCT from an executive perspective. Thus, the present study is aimed to conduct to understand crucial barriers under BCT for managerial implementation in supply chain management (SCM) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe present study investigated evident barriers to understand implementation of BCT. A questionnaire based survey is performed to collect primary data from service and manufacturing based companies in India. Survey responses are received online and the data is analyzed in a scorecard. The scorecard embedded the scribed entries of Likert scale to determine the relative score.FindingsIn present study, sixteen barriers from three categories named as technological, organizational and environmental are evaluated, where, five sub-barriers from technological domain, seven sub-barriers from organizational domain and four sub-barriers from environmental domain are evaluated. The findings of the study determined that the three factors, i.e. “complexity in setup/use”, “Security and privacy concern” and “Technological awareness” mostly affect the adaptation of BCT in SCM. Conversely, “Market dynamics”, “Scalability” and “Cost” do not influence the intention to adopt the technology.Originality/valueOnly few studies have endeavored to ascertain the BCT adoption in SCM of SMEs in developing country like India. Thus, the study is filling a momentous gap of mapping BCT dimensions in the scholastic literature. The findings are expected to enable SMEs to understand important factors to be considered for adopting BCT in their curriculum. Furthermore, the study may benefit the BCT developers and suppliers to endure customized solutions based on the findings.

This paper numerically investigates the propagation of elastic plate waves along the non-principal directions in a prestretched compressible material described by the Gent model of hyperelasticity. We formulate the elastic tensor and the underlying wave equations in the Lagrangian space by employing the theory of nonlinear elasticity together with the linearized incremental equations. An extension of the Semi-Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) method is discussed for computing the dispersion characteristics of the two fundamental guided wave modes. The predictive capabilities of the numerical framework are established using the previously published data for a weakly nonlinear as well as hyperelastic material models. Using the numerical framework, we then bring out the effects of applied prestretch, orientation of the propagation direction, and material parameters on the dispersion characteristics of the fundamental Lamb modes. A limiting case of the neo-Hookean material model is first considered for elucidating such implicit dependencies, which are further highlighted by considering the strain-stiffening effect captured through the Gent material model. Our results indicate the existence of a threshold prestretch for which the Gent-type material can encounter a snap-through instability; leading to the change in the dispersion characteristics of the fundamental symmetric Lamb mode.

The role of hemorrhage volume in risk of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and poor outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is well established. However, the relative contribution of blood within individual compartments is unclear. We present an automated technique for measuring not only total but also volumes of blood in each major compartment after SAH.We trained convolutional neural networks to identify compartmental blood (cisterns, sulci, and ventricles) from baseline computed tomography scans of patients with SAH. We compared automated blood volumes against traditional markers of bleeding (modified Fisher score [mFS], Hijdra sum score [HSS]) in 190 SAH patients for prediction of vasospasm, DCI, and functional status (modified Rankin Scale) at hospital discharge.Combined cisternal and sulcal volume was better correlated with mFS and HSS than cisternal volume alone (ρ = 0.63 vs. 0.58 and 0.75 vs. 0.70, P0.001). Only blood volume in combined cisternal plus sulcal compartments was independently associated with DCI (OR 1.023 per mL, 95% CI 1.002-1.048), after adjusting for clinical factors while ventricular blood volume was not. Total and specifically sulcal blood volume was strongly associated with poor outcome (OR 1.03 per mL, 1.01-1.06, P = 0.006 and OR 1.04, 1.00-1.08 for sulcal) as was HSS (OR 1.06 per point, 1.00-1.12, P = 0.04), while mFS was not (P = 0.24).An automated imaging algorithm can measure the volume of bleeding after SAH within individual compartments, demonstrating cisternal plus sulcal (and not ventricular) blood contributes to risk of DCI/vasospasm. Automated blood volume was independently associated with outcome, while qualitative grading was not.

This study aims to assess the performance of thermophysical materials in the construction and building industry to establish the necessary academic basis for the interpretation of trends, developments, and status in this research field. The Scopus database contains 159 papers on this topic, which were published between 1968 and 2021 and originated in 60 countries. The International Organization for Standardization published significant information on thermal insulating materials, merchandize, elements, and applications. Several forms of insulation currently exist: (i) solid-state foam insulation composed of fibers, grains, and matrix; (ii) liquid-state insulation that encloses humidity within the filling; and (iii) gasifier form, which incorporates air, steam, or alternative gases. To reduce the amount of energy demanded, thermal insulation materials must be extended, current solutions must be modified, and new materials must be developed. Because high-temperature thermal insulation materials have more complex working conditions than alternative materials, their application requires further consideration.

Phomopsis vexans is an important seed-borne pathogen and it is highly detrimental to brinjal crop. Among seventeen brinjal genotypes studied for the effect of fruit rot on the seed quality parameters using infected and healthy seeds, the germination percentage of infected seeds is relatively lower than the healthy seeds. The reduction in germination percentage of diseased seeds varied between 14 to 67%. Seed quality parameters like germination and vigour were negatively correlated and the electrical conductivity was positively correlated with fruit rot incidence. This shows that a higher incidence of pathogens will lower the viability and vigour of seeds and the infection level is also dependent on genotype and the environmental condition. The three known biocontrol agents were analyzed by using the dual culture technique for the antagonistic effect on the pathogens. The results showed that out of three biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum showed maximum antagonistic effect followed by Pseudomonas fluorescence and Bacillus subtilis. Different modes of action like mycoparasitism, competition, antibiosis and production of antibiotics and secondary metabolites like harzianiol may act as inhibitors against Phomopsis vexans.

A solid-state emissive supramolecular coordination polymer (TBP) with multiple benzothiadiazole units selectively converts benzylamines to their corresponding imines under visible light within 2 hours at room temperature.

A γ-Fe2O3-rGO-based NO2 gas sensor at RT/0.3 V with 56% response in 15–97%RH exhibiting rapid response/recovery (0.08 min/0.25 min)/selectivity making it efficient.

Gamma secretase (GS) activates notch signalling pathway (NSP) by liberating the truncated notch intracellular domain (NICD). The NSP is associated with the cancer development and progression, which makes GS a potential therapeutic target. Now day’s marine compounds emerged as a major source of bioactive entity. The NSP inhibition potential of marine-algal compounds has not yet been studied. Thus, in the present study, we have used molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, principal component analysis (PCA) and free energy and binding energy calculations to identify the potential GS inhibitors of marine-algal origin. Laminarin showed better docking score (−12.72) compared to the known GS inhibitor DAPT (−9.2). Laminarin formed H-Bond interaction with the Asp257 and Asp385 required for the catalytic cleavage activity of gamma-secretase. It potentially stabilised the structural parameters (RMSD, RMSF, Rg and SASA) of GS catalytic subunit compared to DAPT during the MD simulation. The PCA and free energy calculation revealed conformationally and energetically stable Laminarin–GS complex formation. Laminarin showed lower binding energy (−44.75 kcal/mol) with GS catalytic subunit than DAPT (−20.92 kcal/mol). In conclusion, the present study provides a marine-algal compound as a novel potential GS inhibitor, which requires further validation in experimental model.

PurposeThe main purpose of present study is to model the replacement policy under uncertainty for managerial application based on grey-reliability approach by considering the subjective views of quality control circle (QCC). The study objectively links the optimality between individual replacement and group replacement policies for determining the minimum operational costs. The integrated framework between QCC, replacement theory, grey set theory and supply chain management is presented to plan replacement actions under uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes the concept of grey-reliability index and built a decision support model, which can deal with the imprecise information for determining the minimum operational costs to plan subsequent maintenance efforts.FindingsThe findings of the study establish the synergy between individual replacement and group replacement policies. The computations related to the numbers of failures, operational costs, reliability index and failure probabilities are presented under developed framework. An integrated framework to facilitate the managers in deciding the replacement policy based on operational time towards concerning replacement of assets that do not deteriorate, but fails suddenly over time is presented. The conceptual model is explained with a numerical procedure to illustrate the significance of the proposed approach.Originality/valueA conceptual model under the framework of such items, whose failures cannot be corrected by repair actions, but can only be set by replacement is presented. The study provides an important knowledge based decision support framework for crafting a replacement model using grey set theory. The study captured subjective information to build decision model in the ambit of replacement.

Old age is a universal and inevitable phenomenon in life. It assigns to a multidimensional procedure of mental, physical, psychological and social-economy changes. Low physical ability, the decline in mental capacity, gradual role-playing in socio-economic activities and change in status of economic dependence refer to a phase of elderly human life. The elderly are known as "dark" not because the illumination fails to shine, but because the elderly refuse to see it. There have been many changes in recent years that have impacted society in various fields social, financial and then elderly female lifestyle management have changed, some with better and some with negative consequences. In general, the population continues to benefit and most of the younger or newly generation has been able to realize their dreams, goals and develop their careers in a better way than before. However, older women face certain to different problems as a result of social change. The transition from conventional and additional modes of life to more contemporary patterns, which frequently call for compromise and acceptance, reflects this. One of these contains old age homes. Thus, most elderly women in old age homes are not very happy, because they are in isolation. Unfortunately, children are unable to arrive on time when parents fall ill or even die in old age homes. But some older women feel comfortable with the freedom and friendly atmosphere at old age homes with other elders who keep them company, enjoying time with TV, games and gossip. They show some detachment from family members and feel more secure in old age homes and avoid restricted lives with their children. In the present age, the life of elderly women is full of problems for both themselves and their children. Lucky people depart with satisfaction and peace of mind, while others leave an unhappy state of mind. Meanwhile, old age homes have become part of our social system.

The engine performance affected by the it’s running life or say total working hours of its utilization. As the engine gets used over the time, the performance of the engine also reduces due to two main factors i.e. mechanical losses and wear and tear. This study was conducted with the hypothesis that even the engine is properly maintained considerable losses are occurred in engine performance as the usage increases. Two engines having power 5 HP and 10 HP were selected for the study. The heat balance method was used and different performance characteristics parameter were analyzed. The maximum rated power of 5 HP engine was found 3.72 kW and the maximum rated power of 10 HP engine equal to 7.4 kW. The main reason of this lower performance are due to poor governing, thermal and mechanical losses. This study helps to analyze and predict the performance of the engine over the years. The maximum rated power of 5 HP engine and 10 HP engine was found to be 3.1 kW and 5.8 kW against the declared value of 3.72 kW and 7.4 kW respectively which may be due to poor governing, thermal and mechanical losses.

Ustilaginoidea virens is the fungal pathogen causing an emerging false smut disease that affects crop yield as well as deteriorates quality of the grains by producing mycotoxins. A high quality genome of U. virens isolate UV2_4G was sequenced using Nanopore and Illumina HiSeq 2,000 sequencing platforms. The total assembled genome of Indian isolate UV2_4G was 35.9 Mb, which comprised 89 scaffolds with N50 of 700,296 bp. A total of 358,697 variants were identified in the genome, out of which 355,173 were SNPs and 3,524 were INDELS. Further, 7,390 SSRs belonging to different repeat types were also identified in the genome. Out of 7,444 proteins predicted, 7,206 were functionally annotated. A total of 1,307 CAZymes, 501 signal peptides, 1,876 effectors, and 2,709 genes involved in host-pathogen interactions were identified. Comparative analysis revealed isolate UV2_4G is distinct with 31 unique clusters and placed distantly in phylogenetic analysis. Taken together, this high-quality genome assembly and sequence annotation resource can give an improved insight for characterizing the biological and pathogenic mechanisms of U. virens.

Pyometra is an important gynaecological disorder of canine females along with dystocia and transmissible venereal tumor. Canine pyometra is problematic for canine owner and sometimes fatal in canines in severe cases. So, this study was aimed to know the incidence of pyometra among different gynaecological disorders, breed-wise, and factors affecting incidence of pyometra. A total 178 female dogs, presented with gynaecological disorders at VCC, Meerut, were included in this clinical study. Maximum incidence of canine pyometra was observed in five to six years age group. The incidence was found more in nulliparous (intact) animals and in Labrador breed. Incidence of open cervix pyometra was more common than closed cervix pyometra. USG can be used as a tool for the diagnosis of closed cervix pyometra. Mifipristone, Cabergoline, Misoprostol/Dinoprostone (oral/vaginal prostaglandin) along with antibiotic and other supportive therapy was found very effective in canine pyometra.

The Himalayan region is the most sensitive due to its fragility, especially in soil erosion; therefore, it is a growing concern for environmentalists and natural resource planners. The study river basin Mandakini is situated in the central part of the Garhwal Himalayan region (Uttarakhand, India), which is highly prone to soil erosion due to various hydro-geomorphological factors. The factors include precipitous slope, geology, rugged terrain, land use and drainage pattern. Therefore, to identify the erosion-prone areas of the study basin, employed watershed prioritization technique using geographical information system and remote sensing integrated with weighted sum analysis (WSA), sediment production rate (SPR) and Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution with Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP-TOPSIS) models. It is calculated by taking different parameters indicating linear, landscape, and shape parameters. All the sub-watersheds (SW) of the basin were prioritized in different categories for all models with model performance for the Mandakini river basin in the central Himalaya. The results are showing almost similar results except for high erosion-prone regions. The results of the SPR model indicate that vary large areas (43.47%) of the basin suffering from severe erosion limited in the north-central (WS11, WS12, WS21), eastern (WS2), and southern (WS22 and WS23) parts of the basin among 23 sub-watersheds. The result of model evaluation indicates AHP-TOPSIS is the efficient model in assessing soil erodibility. The study can help to undertake the precise decisions to propose an effective framework for soil erosion control measures and encourage soil conservation priorities of the region. The findings have implications for defining sustainable land resource management and conservation, which are critical to attaining the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development's societal goals.

Cryptosporidium spp. is the most important foodborne and waterborne pathogens and leading cause of mortality from foodborne and waterborne gastrointestinal diseases. In neonates of domestic animals, it is associated with consistent diarrhoea and dehydration. Cryptosporidium infection begins with the ingestion of sporulated oocytes disseminated by carrier animals that consistently contaminate the environment. Many diagnostic tests are available including microscopy, and antigen trap-ELISA, but none of the diagnostic tests available currently cannot differentiate between active and passive infection in the host. In the current study, to address this challenge an mRNA based duplex TaqMan® probe PCR was developed to target the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene and 18SSU rRNA gene in a single tube that can detect metabolically active cryptosporidial oocysts. The mRNA transcripts are the direct indicator of any actively replicating cell and they will help decipher the active stages of its lifecycle in a host. This diagnostic assay was standardized by computing transcript copy number-based limit of detection. For COWP and 18SSU rRNA genes, the limit of detection was 7.08x1004 and 5.95x1005 respectively. During active infections, the oocyst wall protein will be active and so its COWP gene transcripts will act as a marker for active infection. While transcripts for 18SSU rRNA are constitutively expressed in cryptosporidial life cycle. This current diagnostic assay will be a quantitative marker that will help assess the active stages of Cryptosporidium infection in neonates. The disease dynamics will help better understand to formulate the control strategies and contain infection among the healthy animals.

Background: In bacteria, peptide deformylase (PDF), a metalloenzyme, removes N-formyl methionine from a nascent protein, which is a critical step in the protein maturation process. The enzyme is ubiquitously present in bacteria and possesses therapeutic target potential. Acarbose, an FDA-approved antidiabetic drug, is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor of microbial origin. Clinical studies indicate that acarbose administration in humans can alter gut microbiota. As per the best of our knowledge, the antibacterial potential of acarbose has not been reported. Objective: The present study aimed to check the binding ability of acarbose to the catalytic site of E. coli PDF and assess its in vitro antibacterial activity. Methods: Molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and MM-PBSA experiments were performed to study the binding potential of the catalytic site, and a disc diffusion assay was also employed to assess the antibacterial potential of acarbose. Results: Acarbose was found to form a hydrogen bond and interact with the metal ion present at the catalytic site. The test compound showed a better docking score in comparison to the standard inhibitor of PDF. MD simulation results showed energetically stable acarbose-PDF complex formation in terms of RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and hydrogen bond formation throughout the simulation period compared to the actinonin-PDF complex. Furthermore, MM-PBSA calculations showed better binding free energy (∆G) of acarbose PDF than the actinonin-PDF complex. Moreover, acarbose showed in vitro antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Acarbose forms conformational and thermodynamically stable interaction with the E. coli peptide deformylase catalytic site. Results of the present work necessitate in-depth antimicrobial potential studies on the effect of acarbose on drug resistance and nonresistant bacteria.

India is currently one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. As a largely agricultural country, the correct measurement of carbon emission associated with different agricultural machinery is highly important. Quantification of the carbon footprint of agricultural machinery is important for the identification of more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. Information on input energy (fuel energy) used by different farm machinery in India was collected and converted into carbon equivalent in kg CE ha-1 and kg CO2e ha”1. The carbon equivalent for field preparation, sowing and transplanting, sprayer, harvesting, straw management, and other machinery ranges from 4.64 – 21.60, 5.5 – 16.57, 0.85-3.23, 2.02-17.22, 8.91-26.19 kg CE ha-1 and 15.38 – 71.60, 11.39 – 54.94, 2.81 – 10.72, 6.70 – 57.08, and 25.13 – 86.83 kg CO2e ha”1. In order to use low-emission machinery and to calculate the carbon footprints of crop production, the equivalent carbon emission factors of each farm machine and implement were determined. Improved and accurate equipment with optimal and minimal tillage, conservation agriculture, resource conservation technology, and straw management equipment can all help minimise the carbon footprints of farm machinery.

Fish is a worldwide food staple and a pathogen host. Most fisheries produce commercially valuable byproducts. Fish have ectoparasitic and endoparasitic diseases. Parasites play an important role in the growth of Fish & other animals. Considering that no systematic work has been done on trematode, and fish diversity of Rohilkhand, there is no record on the impact evaluation of parasitism in the fish trematode Community.

This article concerns with the numerical simulations of textured surface hybrid thrust bearings operating with Electro-rheological (ER) lubricant. An ER fluid comprises dielectric particles suspended in an insulating viscous medium. Electrorheological (ER) lubricants are considered smart lubricants. Reynold's equation is used to model the flow of an ER lubricant in textured surface thrust bearings. The texture is provided as hemispherical, cylindrical, elliptical, and square shape micro-depression oriented along the circumferential and radial direction. The Patir and Cheng model is used to describe micro-roughness on a thrust pad. The continuous Bingham model is used to define the viscosity of the ER lubricant in terms of yielding stress, electric field, and shear-strain rate. The Reynolds equation is solved by applying the finite element method to obtain film pressure, load-supporting capacity, frictional power loss, film stiffness, and damping parameters. The texture shapes are optimized for dimple size, depth, and length for getting maximum load-supporting capacity and stiffness coefficient, and minimum frictional power loss. The numerical results predicted an enhancement in the load-supporting capacity (+257.3%) and film stiffness parameters (+323.2%) owing to the synergistic use of ER lubricant and optimized geometric parameters of square/elliptical dimples. The frictional power loss was reported to reduce significantly (−48.8%) by the use of micro-dimples. The application of ER lubricant was also found to slightly enhance (+4.3%) the frictional power loss in textured bearings. The transverse surface roughness vis-à-vis smooth surface is observed to improve the load-supporting capacity, stiffness, and damping parameters of textured surface bearings.

In this study, two most common biological waste to energy conversion techniques have been analysed and compared on the basis of methane generation and energy recovery potential. The biogas generation potential has been estimated using anaerobic co-digestion experiment. The main substrate used for this study was food waste, while cow dung and anaerobic digester sludge were used as co-digestion substrates. Food waste was used because of its maximum composition (36% of total wastes) in the study area (Dhanbad city, India) with high biogas generation potential. Cow dung acted as a natural buffer, while anaerobic digester sludge was a source of active inoculum. Based on the maximum biogas yield of 402 mL g−1 VS and annual food waste generation rate in the study area, the energy recovery potential using anaerobic digestion was estimated to be 6.59 × 106 kWh year−1. Presently, the wastes in the mixed form are being dumped on a large abandoned land with an approximate area of 93 ha in the outskirts of Dhanbad city in an uncontrolled manner. The annual landfill gas generation from the existing landfill has been estimated using Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) based on the waste characteristics, anticipated landfill life and other region-specific parameters of the present study area. The maximum electrical energy recovery potential of 44.62 × 105 kWh from landfill gas has been estimated for the year 2041. Although, the results are based on the waste generation and characteristics of Dhanbad city, the comparison methodology can be applied to other cities.