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Az ember szellemi és lelki értelemben szociális lény. A közösség egyidejűleg életének mind eszköze, mind értelme és célja. Minden emberi cselekedet a csoporthoz, egy adott közösséghez viszonyítva történik. A túlélés előfeltételei a kooperáció és közösségi érzés. Az együttélés vaslogikája alól senki sem tudja magát kivonni. A személyiség fejlődése, az önmegvalósítás csak mintegy az én és a te közötti interakcióként szemlélhető, illetve az összetartozás által strukturált csoportban, közösségben képzelhető el. E fontos alapvetésekre építve, tanulmányunkban a közösségi életre nevelés speciális pedagógiai eszközeinek megismertetését célzó, szakirányú pedagógiai továbbképzésre kidolgozott tananyagok főbb tartalmi elemeit ismertetjük.

The Friedrichs extension for the generalized spiked harmonic oscillator given by the singular differential operator −d 2 /dx 2 + Bx 2 + Ax −2 + λx −α (B > 0, A ≥ 0) in L2(0, ∞) is studied. We look at two different domains of definition for each of these differential operators in L2(0, ∞), namely C ∞ 0 (0, ∞) and D(T2,F) ∩ D(Mλ,α), where the latter is a subspace of the Sobolev space W2,2(0, ∞). Adjoints of these differential operators on C ∞ 0 (0, ∞) exist as result of the null-space properties of functionals. For the other domain, convolutions and Jensen and Minkowski integral inequalities, density of C ∞ 0 (0, ∞) in D(T2,F) ∩ D(Mλ,α) in L2(0, ∞) lead to the other adjoints. Further density properties C ∞ 0 (0, ∞) in D(T2,F) ∩ D(Mλ,α) yield the Friedrichs extension of these differential operators with domains of definition D(T2,F) ∩ D(Mλ,α).

Harrell's modified perturbation theory [Ann. Phys. 105, 379-406 (1977)] is applied and extended to obtain non-power perturbation expansions for a class of singular Hamiltonians H = -D^2 + x^2 + A/x^2 + lambda/x^alpha, (A\geq 0, alpha > 2), known as generalized spiked harmonic oscillators. The perturbation expansions developed here are valid for small values of the coupling lambda > 0, and they extend the results which Harrell obtained for the spiked harmonic oscillator A = 0. Formulas for the the excited-states are also developed., 23 pages

Perturbation expansions up to third order for the generalized spiked harmonic oscillator Hamiltonians H = -d^2/dx^2+ x^2 + A/x^2 + lambda/x^alpha, A >= 0, 2gamma > alpha, gamma=1+(1/2)sqrt(1+4A), and small values of the coupling lambda > 0, are developed. Upper and lower bounds for the eigenvalues are computed by means of the procedure of Burrows et al [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 20, 889-897 (1987)] for assessing the accuracy of a truncated perturbation expansion. Closed-form sums for some related perturbation double infinite series then immediately follow as a result of this investigation., 15 pages

A complete variational treatment is provided for a family of spiked-harmonic oscillator Hamiltonians H = -d^2/dx^2 + B x^2 + lambda/x^alpha, B > 0, lambda > 0, for arbitrary alpha > 0. A compact topological proof is presented that the set S = {psi_n} of known exact solutions for alpha = 2 constitutes an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space L_2(0, infinity). Closed-form expressions are derived for the matrix elements of H with respect to S. These analytical results, and the inclusion of a further free parameter, facilitate optimized variational estimation of the eigenvalues of H to high accuracy., 32 pages

Closed-form expressions for the singular-potential integrals are obtained with respect to the Gol'dman and Krivchenkov eigenfunctions for the singular potential V(x) = B x^2 + A/x^2, B > 0, A >= 0. These formulas are generalizations of those found earlier by use of the odd solutions of the Schroedinger equation with the harmonic oscillator potential [Aguilera-Navarro et al, J. Math. Phys. 31, 99 (1990)]., Comment: 12 pages in plain tex with 1 ps figure

In quantum computation we are given a finite set of gates and we have to perform a desired operation as a product of them. The corresponding computational problem is approximating an arbitrary unitary as a product in a topological generating set of $SU(d)$. The problem is known to be solvable in time $polylog(1/\epsilon)$ with product length $polylog(1/\epsilon)$, where the implicit constants depend on the given generators. The existing algorithms solve the problem but they need a very slow and space consuming preparatory stage. This stage runs in time exponential in $d^2$ and requires memory of size exponential in $d^2$. In this paper we present methods which make the implementation of the existing algorithms easier. We present heuristic methods which make a time-length trade-off in the preparatory step. We decrease the running time and the used memory to polynomial in $d$ but the length of the products approximating the desired operations will increase (by a factor which depends on $d$). We also present a simple method which can be used for decomposing a unitary into a product of group commutators for $2, Comment: 10 pages, published on the 10th Rhine Workshop on Computer Algebra

Summation formulas are obtained for products of associated Lagurre polynomials by means of the Green's function K for the Hamiltonian H = -{d^2\over dx^2} + x^2 + Ax^{-2}, A > 0. K is constructed by an application of a Mercer type theorem that arises in connection with integral equations. The new approach introduced in this paper may be useful for the construction of wider classes of generating function., 14 pages

Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the free magnetic Schr��dinger operator, describing a spinless particle confined to an infinite layer of fixed width, are discussed in detail. The eigenfunctions are realized as an orthonormal basis of a suitable Hilbert space. Four different classes of temporally stable coherent states associated to the operator are presented. The first two classes are derived as coherent states with one degree of freedom and the last two classes are derived with two degrees of freedom. The dynamical algebra of each class is found. Statistical quantities associated to each class of coherent states are calculated explicitely., 31 pages

Twenty de novo patients with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn-Yahr stages I, II, III) were studied in a double blind trial after introducing (−)-deprenyl monotherapy. The parkinsonian symptoms were assessed by a novel graded clinical rating scale, by UPDRS and by the North Western self-rating scale. A significant change was observed in motor behaviour and daily activity (UPDRS) after 3 weeks of treatment with (−)-deprenyl at 10 mg/day. The total scores using UPDRS and the North Western ratings were changed significantly after 4 weeks. The greatest changes observed were in walking and in hypokinesia. Rigidity was not modified by (−)-deprenyl.

The Friedrichs extension for the generalized spiked harmonic oscillator given by the singular differential operator -D^2+ Bx^2 + Ax^{-2} + lambda x^{-alpha} (B>0, A >= 0) in L_2(0, infinity) is studied. We look at two different domains of definition for each of these differential operators in L_2(0, infinity), namely C_0^infinity(0, infinity) and D(T_{2,F})\cap D(M_{lambda, alpha}), where the latter is a subspace of the Sobolev space W_{2,2}(0, infinity). Adjoints of these differential operators on C_0^infinity(0,infinity) exist as result of the null-space properties of functionals. For the other domain, convolutions and Jensen and Minkowski integral inequalities, density of C_0^\infinity(0,\infinity) in D(T_{2,F})\cap D(M_{\lambda, \alpha}) in L_2(0,\infinity) lead to the other adjoints. Further density properties C_0^infinity(0,infinity) on D(T_{2,F})\cap D(M_{\lambda, \alpha}) yield the Friedrichs extension of these differential operators with domains of definition D(T_{2,F})\cap D(M_{lambda, alpha})., Comment: 16 pages

The efficacy of ipriflavone was investigated in a 1-year double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group clinical trial. Ninety-one postmenopausal women completed the study, 41 received ipriflavone and 50 placebo treatment. After six months the bone mineral density of the L2–L4 vertebral region increased in the ipriflavone-treated group (0.015 g/cm2), whereas it decreased in the placebo-treated group. The differences between the treatment groups were statistically significant. Our results support the efficacy of ipriflavone in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Since the positive effect was more pronounced after 6 months, the possibility of an intermittent ipriflavone treatment might be taken into consideration in the future.

The National Cholesterol Education Program has recommended that all laboratories be consistent, precise, and accurate in the reporting and measurement of blood cholesterol levels. In a follow-up to a 1984 survey study, we assessed the changes in reporting procedures for measurements of blood lipid levels in 16 clinical laboratories in Nebraska. Using human serum reference materials of known cholesterol concentrations provided by the Centers for Disease Control, we also assessed the precision and accuracy of measurement of blood cholesterol levels in clinical laboratories in Nebraska. Fourteen of the 16 laboratories restudied in 1987 had altered the reference range for total serum cholesterol since 1984,86% of whom lowered the upper limit of the reference range. Eleven of 16 laboratories expressed reference ranges for total serum cholesterol in terms of patient age in 1987, while only 7 of 20 did in 1984. Gender-based reference ranges increased from 0 to 5 from 1984 to 1987. Similar trends were seen in the reporting of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Reporting procedures varied greatly; only 1 laboratory used National Cholesterol Education Program risk levels for measuring total serum cholesterol levels. Fifteen laboratories met the National Cholesterol Education Program recommendation for precision (coefficient of variation, ≤5%) and 78% of laboratories obtained results that satisfied the current recommendation for accuracy (within 5% of "true value," as determined by the Centers for Disease Control). ( JAMA . 1989;262:83-88)