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Menstrual disorders are a common problem in adolescents the world over. Though the onset of menstruation is part of the normal maturation process, Menstrual disorders form the commonest gynecological complaint (45-58 %) among adolescents. The series of natural changes occurring to the uterus and body starting from the first day(1) of periods until the day before next periods can be called as menstrual cycle. It consists of “menstruation” in which inner layers of uterus sheds along with blood, and “ovulation” in which the ovum is released from the ovary. Men- strual hygiene deals with special healthcare needs and requirements of women during monthly menstruation or menstrual cycle. Unhygienic menstruation is the prime cause of menstrual diseases. Abnormalities in menstrual cycle are increased or decreased menstrual flow and increased or decreased intervals between two menstrual cycles. Menstrual abnormalities are common pathological problems associated with women of puberty age, which is en- hanced by disturbed dietary and daily regimens. It requires early attention and interventions to protect them from having undesired health events in the future. In addition to this appropriate Ayurveda medicines are required to bring the body in a balanced state. Here an attempt is made to compile the ideas of Acharya about menstrual health problems for their proper understanding and treatment through Ayurveda- the science which survived the time. Keywords: Normal menstruation, Menstrual hygiene, Adolescent girls, Menstrual disorders, Treatment and pre- vention, Ayurveda, Ritu

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of a machine to communicate, reason, and operate independently. There is a need to understand this technology’s progress for future medical care. AI has many applications in the field of medicine, but its use in dermatology is comparatively new. Applications that commonly analyse and classify images and tools like risk assessment calculators are available. Even though many applications exist, the important implementation barriers inclue difficulty in standardization, interpretability, and acceptance by patient and doctor.

Stroke is the second major cause of death worldwide and the fourth major cause of death in India. Kerala is becoming the hotspot of lifestyle diseases. Almost 90% of the cases reported in Kerala are associated with one or two modifiable risk factor(s) in the form of lifestyle diseases.Objectives:This study is aimed at risk factor profiling of stroke patients and identifying the determinants of stroke severity. Methods:A descriptive study was conducted among stroke patients admitted in Govt. Medical College Thiruvananthapuram from August to September 2013. The risk factor profile was studied. A case control comparison was done to identify the determinants of severity of stroke. Results:: The age of incidence of stroke ranged from 37 years to 88 years. Mean age was 65.30 (SD =12.80). Hypertension was identified as the most common risk factor followed by diabetes, low physical activity and heart diseases. Limb weakness was the most common clinical presentation. Diabetes Mellitus emerged as an independent risk factor of severity with adjusted odds ratio of 3.82 (1.034-14.09). Conclusion: Hypertension was the most important risk factor prevalent in stroke patients. Diabetes Mellitus was identified as the only independent determinant of severity of stroke. Early identification of risk factors and its proper management should be done with more rigor, in order to decrease the incidence of stroke and reducing its severity.

Varicella gangrenosa is a rare but life-threatening dermatological complication of infection with varicella-zoster virus. A healthy 37-year-old male who had been diagnosed with varicella 20 days back was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever and painful necrotic skin lesions. Physical examination revealed multiple round to oval ulcers covered with eschar predominantly over arms, lower limbs, back of trunk and flanks. Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus grew in wound culture. Biopsy revealed ulceration and necrosis of epidermis, and edema, hemorrhage and granulation tissue formation involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The patient was treated with acyclovir - parenteral followed by oral, antibiotics and supportive measures. The lesions healed and he was discharged after 20 days. We report this case to draw attention to the fact that varicella gangrenosum, even though a rare complication, may occur in the lesions of chicken pox and that the survival of patient depends on early diagnosis and aggressive treatment.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients causing both systemic and cutaneous manifestations with significant morbidity and mortality. CMV infection is an important differential diagnosis of genital ulcer in immunosuppressed patients which needs prompt diagnosis and treatment as it could imply systemic involvement. Polymerase chain reaction is the diagnostic test of choice. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are the preferred drugs administered according to the severity of disease.

Aim The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality distraction on pain perception and state anxiety levels undergoing restorative treatment in children. Materials and methods This was an interventional study with 30 children of age 6–10 years came to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. The intervention was distraction with virtual reality eyeglasses and the parameters considered includes pain perception analyzed subjectively by Wong Baker FACES pain rating scale and objectively by FLACC scale; anxiety was analyzed physiologically by measuring pulse rate and oxygen saturation levels using pulse oximeter. The parameters were recorded before the treatment, i.e., baseline, during and as well as after the restorative treatment procedure. The values noted were tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis with p value set at 0.05. Results The study displayed a very high statistical significance in reduction of pain perception and anxiety levels in all the comparisons made at three time periods, i.e., baseline, during and after treatment procedure (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Virtual reality distraction can be considered as a budding distraction tool in the arena of behavior management that helps adapt the child to dental environment and able to deliver qualitative dental care. Clinical significance Managing an anxious child is one of the challenging tasks for a pediatric dentist in the day-to-day life. As the world progresses with newer interventions, virtual reality distraction is one among them that has the ability to reduce pain perception and anxiety in children with a positive approach. How to cite this article Rao DG, Havale R, Nagaraj M, et al. Assessment of Efficacy of Virtual Reality Distraction in Reducing Pain Perception and Anxiety in Children Aged 6–10 Years: A Behavioral Interventional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):510–513.

Background: The quest for an ideal restorative material has led to the discovery of biological restoration that is, the use of natural tooth as a restorative material. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the knowledge about biological restorations and efficacy of health education. Materials and Methods: It was a questionnaire-based pre- and post-educational interventional study. Around 386 parents reported to the department and willing to participate were included in the study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The study was carried out in three phases where the second being the health education by individual approach. The data were further subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Our study comprised of 117 (30.3%) fathers and 269 (69.7%) mothers. When enquired about the awareness of biological restoration and tooth banks 96.6% and 95.3% of the parents were unaware of it respectively. About the acceptance of biological restoration treatment before the intervention, only 26% of parents accepted the treatment. However, after the educational intervention, the acceptance increased to 93%. Conclusion: A lacuna exists as per the knowledge and awareness of biological restorations was concerned. Health education can be considered as a pioneering approach in the creation of awareness and there is an increased need to conduct such educational interventions to improve parents' attitudes.

Object detection and recognition is the important application of the machine vision systems. Saliency is modern modes which find the visible items from rushed scenes in daily routines. But mania forecast model in tangled surrounding is harsh to put into action. Contour based segmentation technique is now used in extracting these structures from scenes. But some objects cannot be easily identified with this method. In this paper, a novel technique is presented for the segmentation of the salient objects from both complex and simple scenes. The technique search the local and global information of object features in a random manner. Multilevel thresholding with YCbCr color space is used to segment the salient objects from the image. The depth of the salient object is also estimated to categorize the objects within the scenes. Texture analysis is also done to This scheme is successfully tested with MSRA, ECSSD dataset and acquired an accuracy of 94%.This algorithm is also tested in the detection of traffic sign board and in the tracking of human.

Ultrafast optical nonlinearity in chitosan (CS) films doped with multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes (MWBN) has been investigated using 800 nm, 100 fs laser pulses, employing the open aperture Z-scan technique. Two-photon absorption coefficients (β) of CS–MWBN films have been measured at 800 nm by Z-scan. While chitosan with 0.01% MWBN doping gives a β value of 0.28×10−13 m/W, 1% doping results in a higher β value of 1.43×10−13 m/W, showing nonlinearity enhancement by a factor of 5. These nonlinearity coefficients are comparable to those reported for silver nanoclusters in glass matrix and Pt-PVA nanocomposites, indicating potential photonic applications for MWBN doped chitosan films. Characterization of the synthesized films using Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) reveals significant interactions between the NH and CO groups of chitosan with boron nitride.

Striving for excellence has long been at the heart of academia. A descriptive non experimental study was conducted to compare the perspective towards Six Thinking Hats and Traditional Teaching Technique among Baccalaureate nursing students. The conceptual frame work used for the study was based on General System Theory by Von Bertalanaffy. The data was collected from 48 Baccalaureate nursing students meeting inclusion criteria selected by simple random sampling (lottery method) and using a Student Perspective Survey Form developed by researchers. The result shows that 21(87.5%) of the samples verbalized Six Thinking Hats Technique as an excellent teaching strategy while 10 (41.67%) verbalized Traditional Teaching Technique as excellent. Majority of the samples, 23(95.8%) revealed that Six Thinking Hats Technique helped them to produce creative ideas, understand the feelings of patient and developed creativity in them. In the Traditional Teaching majority 22 (91.6%) of the sample revealed that it increased their interest and motivation in the class. There was no significant association between the perspective of Baccalaureate nursing students towards Six Thinking Hats Technique and Traditional Teaching Technique with selected demographic variables. The study concludes that Six Thinking Hats Technique is an excellent teaching method as compared to Traditional Teaching Technique.