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Originating in the period of the Second World War, Instructional Design has gained importance in several fields of activity, from education, health, the government or military sector, to industry, business and non-profit organizations. The interest it aroused was mainly due to the effectiveness of its theory and application models, its purpose being the improvement of learning, the support of the acquisition of knowledge and the formation of skills. The present study is dedicated to Instructional Design and its role in education. The first section provides a brief overview of the evolution of this field from the period of the Second World War to the beginning of the 21st century. We also have here a review of the definitions of Instructional Design identified in the specialized literature. The second section is reserved for Instructional Design models that support teachers in design activities, the Gagné model, developed in the 1970s, and the ASSURE model, developed in the 1990s.

Artikel ini membahas tentang pengembangan modul dan video pembelajaran matematika pada materi Dimensi Tiga. Pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ASSURE, yaitu Analyzer learner, State standards and objectives, Select strategies, Technology media and materials, Utilize technology, Require learner participation, dan Evaluate and revise. Kualitas modul dan video dalam pengembangan ini dilihat dari dua aspek yaitu validitas dan kepraktisan. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi modul dan video, lembar angket respon peserta didik dan lembar angket respon guru. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan penilaian dari validator terhadap modul dan video memperoleh kriteria valid. Selanjutnya, penerapan modul dan video dalam pembelajaran mendapatkan respon positif dari guru dengan rata-rata persentase 86.08% dan respon positif dari peserta didik dengan rata-rata persentase 77.56%. Nilai rata-rata respon guru dan peserta didik ini menunjukkan kategori sangat baik, sehingga modul dan video dapat dikatakan memenuhi kriteria kepraktisan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa modul dan video pembelajaran memenuhi aspek valid dan praktis sehingga layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.

This paper presents a model of learning about the use of reciprocal teaching with technology-based approach to ASSURE that will be applied in college. Reciprocal Teaching is becoming one of the learning models that train students to learn independently and active. With the existence of reciprocal learning teaching model of application students are expected to carry out and follow the learning effectively and efficiently. The learning process is basically a direct interaction between the students and educators held aims to to a destination that has meant. In addition the interaction process will bear an effective communication as well as the need for a development that is both instructional media with a melaluli approach to ASSURE. Approach to ASSURE the approach can be a designing a learning through technology-based media. This is necessary in order to set up and customize the process of learning in college by making the liveliness, creativity and independence as well as encourage students to berantusias in studying diligently and follow the lectures. So it is with the application of the reciprocal teaching and pendekatanASSURE in college could create conditions that are more meaningful and enable them to build better personality and character and self-reliance in learning.

Inspired by Ugazio’s model of family semantic polarities (Storie permesse, storie proibite. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1998; 2012; Semantic polarities and psychopathologies in the family: Permitted and forbidden stories. New York: Routledge, 2013) and by Harre et al.’s positioning theory (Harre & Van Langenhove, Positioning Theory: Moral Contexts of Intentional Action. Malden: Blackwell, 1999), this chapter explores Victoria and Alfonso’s conflicts and dilemmas through a semantic analysis.

تحاول هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على موضوع الحماية الإجتماعية في الجزائر من خلال تحليل الاسس والمعايير الذي يقوم عليها صندوق الضمان الإجتماعي في الجزائر،محاوليين في هذا البحث تبيان و توضيح الموارد التمويلية لصندوق الضمان ا الإجتماعي مع إبراز التوازنات الداخلية و كذا التغطية التي تقوم بها هذه الهيئة Cette étude essaye de mettre en évidence le sujet de la protection sociale en Algérie à travers l’analyse de plusieurs principes et des bases sur les quels la caisse de sécurité sociale en Algérie à tenu. En essayant dans cette recherche de prouver les sources financières de la caisse de sécurité sociale et aussi leur couverture, et on a essaye de trouver les équilibres internes de cette autorité. On a conclu que le financement du système de la sécurité sociale algérien est basé principalement sur les cotisations des assures, qui jouent un rôle important dans le maintien de la viabilité financière des entreprises de ce secteur.

La sécurité sociale est un système très développé et qui est affecté par les conditions sociales , économiques et politiques qui l’entourent ; et par conséquent toute évolution ou changement de ces conditions influe sur les dispositions propres du système lui-même . L’Algérie, depuis son indépendance s’est attelé a développé son système de sécurité sociale par une nouvelle législation et par la promulgation de lois qui aspirent à l’atteinte des objectifs recherchés et à son organisation et sa généralisation à toutes les couches sociales du pays. Ceci s’est traduit par la création et la mise en place de 05 Caisses ayant pour principale mission la gestion de ce système : CNAS, CASNOS, CNAC, CNR et CACOBATH.

The Fermi–Pasta–Ulam (FPU) nonlinear oscillator chain has proved to be a seminal system for investigating problems in nonlinear dynamics. First proposed as a nonlinear system to elucidate the foundations of statistical mechanics, the initial lack of confirmation of the researchers expectations eventually led to a number of profound insights into the behavior of high-dimensional nonlinear systems. The initial numerical studies, proposed to demonstrate that energy placed in a single mode of the linearized chain would approach equipartition through nonlinear interactions, surprisingly showed recurrences. Although subsequent work showed that the origin of the recurrences is nonlinear resonance, the question of lack of equipartition remained. The attempt to understand the regularity bore fruit in a profound development in nonlinear dynamics: the birth of soliton theory. A parallel development, related to numerical observations that, at higher energies, equipartition among modes could be approached, was the understanding that the transition with increasing energy is due to resonance overlap. Further numerical investigations showed that time-scales were also important, with a transition between faster and slower evolution. This was explained in terms of mode overlap at higher energy and resonance overlap at lower energy. Numerical limitations to observing a very slow approach to equipartition and the problem of connecting high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems to lower dimensional studies of Arnold diffusion, which indicate transitions from exponentially slow diffusion along resonances to power-law diffusion across resonances, have been considered. Most of the work, both numerical and theoretical, started from low frequency (long wavelength) initial conditions.

Pierre Philippe. Chronique de droit des assurances terrestres. In: Revue juridique de l'Ouest, 1989-2. pp. 281-292.