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Background This study was conducted to determine the practices of neonatal nurses for newborn skin care. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with Neonatal Unit nurses between June 2016 and August 2018. A total of 124 nurses constituted the sample of the study. Necessary permissions were obtained from the institutions and Ethics Committee. An introductory characteristic form and a questionnaire to determine the practices of neonatal nurses regarding skincare were used to collect data. The data were evaluated with descriptive statistics. Results In this study, 79.8% of the nurses were bachelor degree, employment length in the neonatal unit was found 0–5 years in 68.5%. Alcohol was the most (83.9%) preferred skin antiseptic, and %8.9 of nurses used povidone-iodine. The first bath of the newborn was often (41.9%) delayed until the umbilical cord falls off. The natural drying method was found to be the most (81.5%) preferred umbilical care method. Only one-third of the nurses made a daily assessment of newborn skin and almost none used an assessment scale. Conclusion This study drew attention to the correct and also incorrect practices of nurses in newborn skin care. Nurses should update their newborn skin care practices in line with evidence-based practices. Our study findings are important in terms of revealing the need that nurses should be equipped with knowledge about current evidence-based practices and the need for establishing guidelines and care protocols on the subject.

Current methods of evaluating essential tremor (ET) either rely on subjective ratings or use limited tremor metrics (i.e., severity/amplitude and frequency). In this study, we explored performance metrics from Fitts law tasks that replicate and expand existing tremor metrics, to enable low-cost, home-based tremor quantification and analyze the cursor movements of individuals using a 3D mouse while performing a collection of drawing tasks. We analyzed the 3D mouse cursor movements of 11 patients with ET and three controls, on three computer-based tasksa spiral navigation (SPN) task, a rectangular track navigation (RTN) task, and multi-directional tapping/clicking (MDT)with several performance metrics (i.e., outside area (OA), throughput (TP in Fitts law), path efficiency (PE), and completion time (CT)). Using an accelerometer and scores from the Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS), we correlated the proposed performance metrics with the baseline tremor metrics and found that the OA of the SPN and RTN tasks were strongly correlated with baseline tremor severity (R2=0.57 and R2=0.83). We also found that the TP in the MDT tasks were strongly correlated with tremor frequency (R2=0.70). In addition, as the OA of the SPN and RTN tasks was correlated with tremor severity and frequency, it may represent an independent metric that increases the dimensionality of the characterization of an individuals tremor. Thus, this pilot study of the analysis of those with ET-associated tremor performing Fitts law tasks demonstrates the feasibility of introducing a new tremor metric that can be expanded for repeatable multi-dimensional data analyses.

Background: Assertiveness is a particular mode of communication. It occupies the healthy middle ground between aggressiveness and submissiveness and helps to identify problems and facilitate decision making. Aim of the study: this study aimed to assess assertiveness among nurses in ELFayoum University Hospitals. Design: A descriptive design used in this study. Setting: This study carried out at EL Fayoum University Hospitals. These hospitals namely, Surgical University Hospital and Medical University Hospital. Subjects: Study subjects included staff nurses, head nurse and assistant head nurses who were working in aforementioned two hospitals. Their total number was (200) staff nurse and (42) head nurse and assistants .Data collection tools: two tools were used to collect data. First tool Self-administer questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first part is socio-demographic data Sheet and the second part is an assertiveness assessment scale. Second tool assertive behavior inventory. Results: the highest mean score of assertiveness dimensions was negotiating the system& active orientation while the lowest mean score was work habits. The majority of nurses were assertive. Also, the highest mean score of factors affecting assertive behavior was human relation factors while the lowest assertive factors score nurse's belief factors. Conclusion: there was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between assertiveness and factors affecting assertive behavior. Recommendation: Maintain periodical meeting for nurses from different hospitals by seeking their opinions, and exchanging their experiences. Enhance critical thinking abilities & assertive skills through training programs and workshops.

Inpatient treatment is an important part of child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) care. This nationwide study explores the changes in length of stay, recurrent hospitalization, functioning level, suicidality, violence and diagnoses of CAP inpatients in Finland in 2000, 2011 and 2018. We obtained comprehensive questionnaire data on each study year from 93 to 95% of all CAP wards in Finland. We split the 1276 inpatients into two age groups in each study year: under 13 and 13–18. The median length of stay in inpatient treatment decreased from 82.0 days in 2000 to 20.5 days in 2018 (p

Protective and risk factors in families in a situation of rights violation is a tool in which the criteria of professionals are combined with that of families to identify strengths and weaknesses of families in order to diagnose the situation. family and community. This research aims to prevent, preserve, strengthen or reestablish family ties to avoid unnecessary separation of the child or adolescent from their family and community environment, the methodology implemented was quantitative in nature, Non-experimental study of cross-sectional temporality in which the general factors parental competencies and family safety were analyzed, which were collected through the application of the weighting sheet of protective and risk factors based on the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale, finding clear strengths, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment. Keywords: Parental competencies; family safety; protective and risk factors.

Gagging is a normal protective defence mechanism of our body that prevents entry of foreign bodies into the airway, which can create undue havoc during dental treatment especially in children. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of gagging and any of its existing association with dental fear and anxiety in children prior to dental treatment. A cross-sectional pilot study design was conducted in South Indian children (age group: 3-10 years) having no history of underlying psychological and systemic ailment. Different assessment scales of gagging (Gagging Assessment Scale [GAS], Shorter Objective Form of Gagging Problem Assessment [GPA-SF]/OGPA), dental fear (Children’s Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale [CFSS-DS]) and anxiety (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale- Faces [MDASF]) were administered to evaluate their response prior to the treatment. Younger children specifically females demonstrated severity of gagging reflex, which was directly correlated to their higher perception of dental fear and anxiety. However, no conclusive evidence of an association between gagging, dental fear and anxiety was ascertained. Prior knowledge of the gagging problem in children can help clinicians to effectively modify the treatment modalities for successful outcomes, while GAS could be a reliable tool for assessing its severity in children prior to dental treatment.

This retrospective nationwide survey investigated the quality of life (QOL) of patients with esophagogastric junction cancer after gastrectomy using the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45. The Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45 comprises 45 questions classified into symptoms, living status, and QOL domains. A total of 1950 gastrectomized patients with upper-third gastric or esophagogastric junction cancer returned the completed forms. Among them, 224 eligible patients with esophagogastric junction cancer were selected, including 86, 120, and 18 patients who underwent total gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy (reconstruction-esophagogastrostomy: 56; double-tract method: 51), and other procedures, respectively. The postoperative period was significantly shorter (47 ± 30 vs. 34 ± 30 months, p = 0.002), and the rates of early-stage disease and minimally invasive approaches significantly higher (both p

Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder. Although several treatment methods are used for patients, it remains a challenging problem for physicians. Erbium-YAG laser is one of the laser treatment methods that proved its efficacy in melasma treatment. We aimed to compare the efficacy of combining the fractional Er: YAG laser and Kligman’s formula with Kligman’s formula alone in the treatment of melasma. Twenty female patients with bilateral melasma were randomly treated in a split-face controlled manner with a fractional Er: YAG laser followed by Kligman’s formula on one side and Kligman’s formula on the other side. All patients received three laser sessions with four-week intervals. The efficacy of treatments was determined through photographs, Visioface, and Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) score, all performed at baseline and three months after the end of laser sessions. Fractional Er: YAG laser and Kligman’s formula showed a significant decrease in MASI score than Kligman’s formula alone (P = 0.005). There was a significant decrease in cheek Visioface score on Er: YAG laser and Kligman’s formula vs Kligman’s formula (P = 0.02). However, the Patient Global Assessment Scale of both sides was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). The combination of Fractional Er: YAG laser with Kligman’s formula is an effective treatment method for melasma.

Dentre as dificuldades encontradas para a inclusão de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nas escolas está a falta de conhecimentos técnicos e instrumentos específicos que ofereçam suporte à prática dos profissionais da educação e às escolas. Considerando essa necessidade, foi aplicado um programa de capacitação, com base no referencial teórico da Análise do Comportamento, para 18 professores do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola de cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de capacitá-los a aprenderem estratégias para promover a participação de alunos com TEA em atividades de grupo utilizando jogos cooperativos. Foram ministradas cinco aulas com enfoque prático, abordando os temas: jogos cooperativos, prompt e reforço. A avaliação do curso foi feita de três modos: aplicação de Pré-Teste, Pós Teste e Follow-up. Para avaliar a aprendizagem dos professores participantes, foi solicitada aos professores uma atividade de simulação de situações e intervenções vivenciadas junto a alunos com TEA, a partir dos conteúdos aprendidos, e a aplicação da Escala de Avaliação do Ensino em Língua Oral em Contexto Escolar (EVALOE) para avaliar a atuação dos ministrantes. Os resultados indicaram que os participantes apresentaram mais acertos no pós-teste do que no pré-teste, a avaliação deles sobre o curso foi positiva e a atuação dos ministrantes satisfatória. Ressalta-se a importância de elaborar capacitações para os docentes e a necessidade de fornecer a eles mais materiais de apoio e atividades de autoaprendizagem.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the marriage satisfaction level of Muslims in monogamous and polygamous families in Russia. Such studies have not been conducted previously despite the fact that this problem is relevant for the institution of family and marriage as a whole. Muslims make up approximately 15 percent of the population of the Russian Federation, and their well-being in family relations is important both for each individual, and for the community and the state as a whole. The study involved 172 people between the ages 18 to 71 years: 85 men and 87 women. The satisfaction of spouses with marital relations was measured using the Russian-language version of Susan S. Hendrik’s (1988) “7-point Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS)” adapted by Sychev O. A. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Offi ce and IBM SPSS Statistics. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the level of satisfaction of spouses in monogamous marriages is higher than the level of satisfaction in polygamous marriages, and the level of satisfaction with the marriage of the fi rst wives is lower than the level of satisfaction of the second/third/fourth wives. These results make it possible to develop practical recommendations for improving the practical application of theoretical and empirical research data in counseling, therapeutic, adaptive and preventive work with Muslims who are already married and who intend to enter into it.

The COVID-19 pandemic requires lecturers to change learning strategies through online learning. The use of technology which has grown exponentially in the world of education requires students to be proficient in using technology in finding information as a source of knowledge. To be able to prepare competitively students in this 4.0 education era, an instrument is needed to find out to what extent students' digital literacy abilities are. This research is development research (R&D) which aims to develop a Digital Literacy Assessment Scale (DLAS) instrument to measure students' digital literacy skills. The procedure of this research includes determining the construct and specifications of the instrument, writing the items, and analyzing the items. Based on the results, the DLAS instrument has a total of 52 items consisting of 3 aspects including access to information (access), student involvement in academic activities (behavioral engagement), and socio-emotional (socio-emotional). The results of content validity carried out by 5 expert judgments showed that the DLAS instrument was proven to be content valid with the acquisition of Aiken's V index of 0.87.

Background Venipuncture is a common procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and causes significant pain for neonates. Aim To evaluate the effect of maternal voice on pain caused by venipuncture (including peripheral venipuncture and femoral venipuncture) in neonates hospitalized in the NICU. Design Experimental, randomized controlled study. Setting The study was conducted in the NICU of two hospitals in China from November 2017 to January 2019. Methods One hundred and sixteen neonates were randomly assigned to the maternal voice or routine care groups. The maternal voice group received recorded maternal voice intervention before, during, and after venipuncture. Three phases of procedures were videotaped. Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale (NIAPAS) was assessed by the same evaluator at different phases. Results The study showed that NIAPAS scores, behavioral indicator scores, and physiological indicator scores in the maternal voice group were significantly lower compared with those in the routine care group. Conclusion Recorded maternal voice can improve pain caused by venipuncture in neonates. These are simple, rapid, and cost-effective methods that nurses can implement during venipuncture in neonates.

This study aims to examine the effect of religiosity, agreeableness, and age on adolescence’s prosocial behavior. This study selected the sample of 296 student, using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection used modification scale of Prosocialness Scale, Muslim Daily Religiosity Assessment Scale (MUDRAS), and International Personality Item Pool-Big Five Factors Model-50 (IPIP-BFM-50). Multiple regression and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to analyze the data. The finding showed there is a significant influence of religiosity, agreeableness, and age on prosocial behavior.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to verify the validity of the Turkish version of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) in chronic stroke, and to compare its validity, reliability, and responsiveness characteristics with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Brunel Balance Assessment (BBA).Method: 49 chronic stroke patients were included in the study. Those participating in the study were applied PASS, BBS and BBA on the first day. To measure the test-retest reliability, the second assessment for the scales was performed by the same physiotherapist 1 week after the initial evaluation.Results: According to the correlation analysis, a very high level of correlation was found between the PASS first and second assessment scores (r = 0.984). Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was found to be 0.995 (excellent). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value for PASS was 0.995. A high level of correlation was found between PASS, BBS and BBA. No ceiling and floor effects were observed for PASS.Conclusion: The results of our study showed that Turkish version of PASS is a valid and reliable scale in chronic stroke patients and all these three scales, which are commonly used to assess balance in stroke patients are, made repeatable measurements in patients with chronic stroke. The test re-test reliability values of these three scales were found to be excellent. Minimal detectable change values, which are used to determine a real change in balance in stroke patients by clinicians, were found to be close to each other for these balance scales.

The aim of this study was to examine elementary school students’ story writing skills according to grade level within the framework of certain variables. The study was designed with a cross-sectional research model, one of the developmental research methods. The study group of the research consisted of 319 students attending 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades. A Story Writing Form developed by the researchers was used as the data collection tool in the research. In the data collection process, the students were given the story writing form and asked to write a story within a certain period by choosing one of the topics included in the form. To evaluate the stories written by the students, the 6+1 Analytic Writing and Assessment Scale was used. The research results revealed that the great majority of students used a title in their stories and that they created their stories with a single paragraph. On the other hand, it was seen that the grade level and gender variables had an effect on the quality of the stories. Generally, the quality of the stories improved as grade level increased, and girls wrote better quality stories than boys. However, this effect was not significant at every grade level.

espanolLos modelos de patologia dual suelen considerar a los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) y al resto de trastornos mentales como dos entidades nosologicas que coinciden en una misma persona. Este estudio adopta un punto de partida diferente y estima que la adictividad seria una novena dimension clinica independiente en los trastornos psicoticos, que se anadiria a las de alucinaciones, delirio, habla desorganizada, conducta psicomotriz anormal, sintomas negativos, deficit cognitivo, depresion y mania. Todas ellas derivarian, en ultimo termino, de una disfuncion fronto-subcortical comun con implicacion dopaminergica, glutamatergica y gabaergica. Se presenta la Escala de Evaluacion de la Adictividad en el Sindrome Psicotico (EASP), que busca ser un instrumento integrado y sencillo para la evaluacion de la adictividad en los trastornos psicoticos. Se basa en la recogida de datos sobre el primer uso, el tiempo de consumo, el ultimo consumo, la frecuencia de consumo y la intensidad de la adiccion de doce tipos de sustancias o conductas adictivas. Los resultados de la aplicacion de la EASP a una muestra de 105 sujetos psicoticos sugieren unas buenas caracteristicas psicometricas, asi como la independencia de la adictividad respecto a otras dimensiones clinicas. EnglishModels of dual pathology habitually consider substance-use disorders (SUD) and the rest of mental disorders as two pathological conditions coincident in a same person. This study adopts a different point of view and accept adictivity as the nineth clinical dimension in the psychotic disorders to be added to hallucinations, delusion, disorganised speech, abnormal psychomotor behaviour, negative symptoms, cognitive deficit, depression, and mania. In the last term, all of them seems to derive from a common fronto-subcortical disfunction with dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gabaergic implication. The Addictiveness in the Psychotic Syndrome Assessment Scale (APSAS) is presented. It wants to be an integrated and easy to use tool for evaluating adictivity in the psychotic disorders. It is based in data collected with respect of first use, length of use, last use, frequency of use and addiction intensity regarding twelve types of substances or addictive behaviours. Results of the application of APSAS on a sample of 105 psychotic subjects suggest good psychometric characteristics as well as the independency of adictivity respect with other clinical dimensions.

espanolLos modelos de patologia dual suelen considerar a los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) y al resto de trastornos mentales como dos entidades nosologicas que coinciden en una misma persona. Este estudio adopta un punto de partida diferente y estima que la adictividad seria una novena dimension clinica independiente en los trastornos psicoticos, que se anadiria a las de alucinaciones, delirio, habla desorganizada, conducta psicomotriz anormal, sintomas negativos, deficit cognitivo, depresion y mania. Todas ellas derivarian, en ultimo termino de una disfuncion fronto-subcortical comun con implicacion dopaminergica, glutamatergica y gabaergica. Se presenta la Escala de Evaluacion de la Adictividad en el Sindrome Psicotico (EASP), que busca ser un instrumento integrado y sencillo para la evaluacion de la adictividad en los trastornos psicoticos. Se basa en la recogida de datos sobre el primer uso, el tiempo de consumo, el ultimo consumo, la frecuencia de consumo y la intensidad de la adiccion de doce tipos de sustancias o conductas adictivas. Los resultados de la aplicacion de la EASP a una muestra de 105 sujetos psicoticos sugieren unas buenas caracteristicas psicometricas, asi como la independencia de la adictividad respecto a otras dimensiones clinicas. EnglishModels of dual pathology habitually consider substance-use disorders (SUD) and the rest of mental disorders as two pathological conditions coincident in a same person. This study adopts a different point of view and accept adictivity as the nineth clinical dimension in the psychotic disorders to be added to hallucinations, delusion, disorganised speech, abnormal psychomotor behaviour, negative symptoms, cognitive deficit, depression, and mania. In the last term, all of them seems to derive from a common fronto-subcortical disfunction with dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gabaergic implication. The Scale for the Evaluation of Adictivity in the Psychotic Syndrome (SEAPS) is presented. It wants to be an integrated and easy to use tool for evaluating adictivity in the psychotic disorders. It is based in data collected with respect of first use, length of use, last use, frequency of use and addiction intensity regarding twelve types of substances or addictive behaviours. Results of the application of SEAPS on a sample of 105 psychotic subjects suggest good psychometric characteristics as well as the independency of adictivity respect with other clinical dimensions.

Resumen La investigación que se presenta buscó identificar el estilo de afrontamiento a emergencias masivas en el ámbito educativo; en particular con personal docente que se desempeña en la etapa preescolar, dado que son figuras centrales en el desarrollo integral de niños y niñas entre 0 a 6 años. Se utilizó un método mixto, que estuvo compuesto por la aplicación de la Escala de Afrontamiento a Riesgos Extremos y por entrevistas en profundidad. En la aplicación de la escala participaron 25 personas y 4 en la entrevista en profundidad. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: poseer el título profesional de educación de niñas y niños, participar en el estudio de forma voluntaria y contar con autorización de quien dirige la corporación educacional. Los resultados arrojados develaron un estilo de afrontamiento activo en la mayoría de las personas participantes (64%), caracterizado por un abordaje proactivo de situaciones emergentes, autorregulación y una tendencia a buscar apoyo en el entorno. En el análisis de contenido, las respuestas de afrontamiento se presentaron en dos categorías: emociones y acciones. Se concluyó que existe un estilo de afrontamiento predominantemente activo en las personas participantes, al apreciarse que un componente esencial es la búsqueda de asistencia de terceras partes para afrontar situaciones críticas; por otro lado, emergió de la falta de preparación formal en estrategias de afrontamiento de emergencias desde la perspectiva afectiva, ligado a la contención y manejo de emociones. Abstract This study analyzes coping mechanisms that preschool teachers required to deal with massive emergencies at school, since they play a key role in the comprehensive development of children ages 0-6 years of age. The study uses a combined methodology that includes assessement based on the Extreme Risks Coping Scale and complemented with in-depth interviews. A group of twenty-five teachers were included in the assessment scale and four teachers interviewed. Study inclusion criteria included being a preschool education graduate, willingness to participate in the study and receiving authorization from their school principal or educational institution authorities. Based on the results, the majority of the participants (64%) possessed an active coping style, characterized by a proactive approach to developing situations as well as self-control and a tendency to seek outside support. When analyzing the results, coping mechanisms organized under two categories: emotions and actions. It was concluded that the study participants possessed a predominantly active coping style when facing critical situations, since they were willing to search for outside support is an essential component for the aforementioned coping style. However, it should be noted that absence of formal training regarding the emotional component of emergency coping strategies was also prevalent, specifically, with regards to containment and management of emotions.

Background: Breast engorgement is a swollen, painful breast and overfilling with breast milk. In lactating mothers this condition is common during the puerperal period. Breast engorgement developed inside the breast due to expansion and pressure exerted by the synthesis and storage of breast milk. It is also a main factor in altering the ability of the infant to latch-on. Engorgement changes the shape and curvature of the nipple region by making the breast inflexible, flat, hard, and swollen. The nipples of an engorged breast are flat or inverted. Sometimes it may lead to striae on nipples, mainly a preceding symptom of mastitis. Objective: 1.To assess the effectiveness of lactational counseling on prevention of breast engorgement among postnatal mother. 2.To find out association between lactational counselling of breast engorgement with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A study will be conducted in AVBR Hospital Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The 40 post-natal mothers will be selected as the study sample according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sample size will calculated by using formula. In this study non probability purposive sampling technique will be used. In this study researcher will provide lactational counselling among postnatal mother after delivery. In lactational counselling researcher provide counselling regarding the importance of breastfeeding, Local breastfeeding situation, how breastfeeding works, breastfeed technique, learning exercises, health care practices, clinical practice after providing lactational counselling after that researcher will assess the breast engorgement for 4 days after the delivery of baby according to breast engorgement assessment scale. Its conclusion will made from the outcome & analysis of the study.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of family resilience in a sample of Chinese families with children diagnosed with chronic illness using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). In particular, we examined the association of family resilience profiles with the psychosocial adjustment of children, and identified the socio-demographic correlates of these latent profiles. Design and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at comprehensive hospitals and children hospitals in three cities (Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou) of Zhejiang province, China. Parents (n = 277) of children diagnosed with a chronic illness completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Chinese version of the family resilience assessment scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results A three-class solution was found to demonstrate the best fit [low family resilience (74.7%), moderate family resilience (14.1%), and high family resilience (11.2%)]. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the three groups with respect to peer relationship problems and pro-social behaviors of children. On multinomial logistic regression analysis, the type of childhood chronic disease, time since diagnosis, family monthly income, medical insurance, and parents employment status significantly predicted the profile membership. Conclusion Inadequate family resilience was found to be a common phenomenon in families with children affected by chronic illness. Family resilience profiles were associated with psychological adjustment of children. Practice implication Our findings may help inform tailored family-strength based interventions to promote better psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness.

Background: Leading is critical to advancing the nursing profession. All work units require strong nursing leaders to establish a healthy work environment. Current and future head nurses need effective leading strategies and assertiveness skills to guide and encourage nurses and enhancing their achievement motivation to work safely and effectively. Aim of this study was to compare the influence of head nurses leading role and assertiveness on staff nurses’ achievement motivation at Tanta Emergency and El-Menshawy Hospital. Methods: Descriptive, comparative through cross-sectional study design was adopted. The study was conducted at Tanta Emergency Hospital and El-Menshawy Hospital. Sample: All available staff nurses working at Tanta Emergency Hospital (n=258) and El-Menshawy Hospital (n=212) was included in this study. Tools: Three tools for data collection were used: Head Nurses' Leading Role Scale to measure head nurses leading role, Assertiveness Assessment Scale to assess head nurses assertiveness behaviors and Achievement Motivation Scale. Results: Staff nurses' perceived a high level of head nurses leading role at Tanta Emergency Hospital, while low level at El-Menshawy Hospital with the emphasize on supervising leading role. At Tanta Emergency Hospital staff nurses perceived a high level of assertiveness techniques and assertiveness behavior than El-Menshawy Hospital. Staff nurses' achievement motivation behavior had statistically significant favorable correlations with their years of experience, age, education level, total leading role and assertiveness at both hospitals. Conclusion: There were significant influences of head nurses leading role and assertiveness on staff nurses’ achievement motivation. Recommendation: Building a supportive work environment that promoting effective communication and conduct regular training programs for head nurses to refresh their knowledge, skills and experiences and motivating good performance to enhance staff nurses’ achievement motivation are necessary.

Collaboration is an ability that develops in STEM learning and is very influential in 21st-century life. Thus, students' collaboration abilities must be detected properly. This study aims to produce a quality and easy-to-use instrument for assessing student collaboration skills in STEM classes. The research is development research that contains three steps, namely preliminary research, making prototypes, and conducting product evaluations. Methods of data collection using FGD and questionnaires. The FGD was carried out with experts to produce descriptive data and assessment instruments as well as questionnaires which were also development products with data in the form of graded scales 1, 2, 3, and 4. The study involved 187 junior high school students who took lessons in STEM classes. The instrument is a questionnaire with 4 graded answer choices. To ensure the quality of the instrument, the researcher conducted FGD and expert validation and proved the construct with CFA. The instrument profile was traced using the unidimensional graded response model (GRM) method of response analysis. The results showed that the final instrument containing 17 items was declared valid in terms of content and constructs, as well as reliable. The results of the item analysis show that all items have good sequential step parameters (b1 < b2 < b3), all items have a good discriminant index (0.995 ≤ ai ≤ 1.764), and the instrument is reliable for measuring students with an ability range of -6.15 < θ < 4.05. Thus, this instrument can define students' abilities well in a wide range of abilities.

Objective Schizophrenia is increasingly understood as an interactive network of disturbances in different elements of self-awareness. In this study we have examined the relationship between disturbances in two forms of awareness: cognitive insight and clinical insight by exploring whether their relationship is mediated by a third form of larger awareness: metacognition. Methods Participants were 41 outpatients with schizophrenia and 37 outpatients with early episode psychosis gathered in Moscow, Russia. Metacognition was assessed with the Metacognition Assessment Scale - Abbreviated. Verbal memory and positive symptoms were assessed for use as additional mediators. Results Mediation analyses revealed that after accounting for the effects of positive symptoms and verbal memory, the relationship between the self-reflection domain of cognitive insight and clinical insight was significantly mediated by overall metacognitive capacity. Further, positive symptoms were a significant mediator between the cognitive insight self-reflection domain and clinical insight. Neither metacognition nor positive symptoms or verbal memory were found to mediate the relationship of the cognitive insight domain of self-certainty with clinical insight. Conclusions Decrements in some forms of ability to reflect upon one's thinking may reduce the ability to form complex and integrated ideas of oneself and others, leading to less coherent and complete accounts of the experience of schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND Optimal recovery can be defined as the adequate in-hospital length of stay with minimal postoperative complications and readmissions. The quality of recovery beyond the immediate postoperative period after major emergency abdominal surgery is yet to be fully described. We hypothesized that long-term measures of overall recovery were affected after surgery. The study aimed to investigate patient-focused recovery-related parameters 1 year after major emergency abdominal surgery. METHOD This is a prospective study including patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery at a Danish secondary referral center. Three questionnaires were answered regarding the recovery following the procedure; Activities Assessment Scale (AAS); Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15), and Self-complete Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS). All questionnaires were answered at postoperative days (PODs) 14, 30, 90, and 365. RESULTS Eighty-two patients were included, and 68 were available for follow-up until 1 year after surgery. The response rates differed between the follow-up time points, with a response rate of 85% (n = 59) at POD30 and 50% (n = 36) at POD365. A decrease in the level of physical function following surgery was observed in 60% of the patients at POD14, which improved to 36% at POD365. Twenty-four patients (48%) reported postoperative pain at POD14, which declined to 9 (26%) at POD365. The maximum overall recovery was reached at POD30, which remained stable throughout the study period. CONCLUSION One in three patients reported physical functional impairment, and one in four patients reported pain 1 year after their surgical procedure.

Within this pandemic associated with Covid-19, psychological health occupies a prominent place as a result of a situation of forced isolation. Impacts can lead to an increase in mental health disorders as well as a set of adaptive reactions inherent to the recovery. Cooperation is conceived as the ability to jointly operationalize knowledge, attitudes and skills with a view to achieving a common purpose; and assertiveness is conceived as a bilateral behaviour that emphasizes the importance of considering the desires, thoughts and feelings of both the sender and the recipient of the assertive message, predictive of academic success. In this line, the main objective of this study is to present the results of the application of the Global Cooperation Assessment Scale (EAGC) and the findings levels of the Global Assertiveness Assessment Scale (EAGA). The study used a non-probabilistic sample for convenience of 101 Portuguese higher education students. EAGC and EAGA are a self-registration closed-ended Likert type 5 points, closed-response scales that allows assessing the degree of competence in respondents' cooperation and assertiveness. Both scales were administered online in spring semester 2019/2020, with the link to the questionnaire being made available to students the computer platform ensuring the response of a single survey per respondent whose participation in the study was voluntary. The treatment of the information, as well as its statistical analysis, was supported by the R software (R Core Team, 2020), having been assured the confidentiality and anonymity of the respondents. Sociodemographic variables were also used, which seemed promising in contextualizing, interpreting, and discussing the results. The value of the sample mean obtained at EAGC=35 (± 6.5), thus revealing a high capacity for cooperation and in the EAGA=31 (± 5.53), thus revealing a high assertive competence who attend higher education. RESUMEN Dentro de esta pandemia asociada a Covid-19, la salud psicologica ocupa un lugar destacado como consecuencia de una situacion de aislamiento forzoso. Los impactos pueden conducir a un aumento de los trastornos de salud mental, asi como a un conjunto de reacciones adaptativas inherentes a la recuperacion. La cooperacion se concibe como la capacidad de operacionalizar conjuntamente conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades con vistas a lograr un proposito comun; y la asertividad se concibe como un comportamiento bilateral que enfatiza la importancia de considerar los deseos, pensamientos y sentimientos tanto del emisor como del receptor del mensaje asertivo, predictor del exito academico. En esta linea, el objetivo principal de este estudio es presentar los resultados de la aplicacion de la Escala de Evaluacion de la Cooperacion Global (EAGC) y los niveles de hallazgos de la Escala de Evaluacion de la Asertividad Global (EAGA). El estudio utilizo una muestra no probabilistica por conveniencia de 101 estudiantes portugueses de educacion superior. El EAGC y el EAGA son escalas de autorregistro cerrado tipo Likert de 5 puntos, de respuesta cerrada, que permiten evaluar el grado de competencia en cooperacion y asertividad de los encuestados. Ambas escalas se administraron online en el semestre de primavera 2019/2020, poniendo a disposicion de los estudiantes el enlace al cuestionario la plataforma informatica que aseguraba la respuesta de una unica encuesta por encuestado cuya participacion en el estudio era voluntaria. El tratamiento de la informacion, asi como su analisis estadistico, se apoyo en el software R (R Core Team, 2020), habiendose asegurado la confidencialidad y el anonimato de los encuestados. Tambien se utilizaron variables sociodemograficas, que parecian prometedoras para contextualizar, interpretar y discutir los resultados. El valor de la media de la muestra obtenida en el EAGC=35 (± 6,5), revelando asi una alta capacidad de cooperacion y en el EAGA=31 (± 5,53), revelando asi una alta competencia asertiva que cursan estudios superiores.

In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, the arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) of HD patients were evaluated by physical examination and factors associated with AVF function and longevity were investigated. Data were collected using a patient information form and the Arteriovenous Fistula Assessment Scale (AVF-AS). The study population included 279 patients under chronic HD treatment. Their mean age was 61.14 ± 14.00 years and 58.6% were men. Age, AVF location, and number of AVFs created were identified as factors associated with AVF needle entry site and flow problems, stenosis, and risk of developing ischemic complications (p = 0.005, p = 0.000, p = 0.006, respectively). AVF dysfunction adversely affected HD pump speed (p = 0.000) and HD adequacy (p = 0.000). It was determined that gender, AVF location, last AVF duration, and total number of previous AVF were identified as the risk of AVF complications. The results of this study revealed that regular follow-up and evaluation are needed to minimize the risk of dysfunction and failure due to AVF complications.

Author(s): Anthenelli, Robert M; McKenna, Benjamin S; Smith, Tom L; Schuckit, Marc A | Abstract: BackgroundA low level of response (low LR) to alcohol correlates with the later development of alcohol-related problems. Although some of the underpinnings of LR are understood, little is known about the potential relationship between LR and acute tolerance. The current analyses tested the hypothesis that a low LR will be explained in part by more intense acute tolerance to alcohol during a drinking session.MethodsData were generated through a reanalysis of data from 120 individuals who were 18- to 25-year-old, sex-matched pairs of low and high LR drinkers who at baseline did not meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder. Each subject participated in an oral alcohol challenge in which they consumed about 0.7nml ethanol per kg and acute tolerance was measured as the differences in alcohol's effects at similar breath alcohol levels (BrACs) during the rising and falling breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) curve. Measures included aspects of the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS) and body sway.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, but similar to results with other alcohol measures, acute tolerance was significantly attenuated in low LR compared with high LR individuals on most SHAS scores. Neither LR group demonstrated acute tolerance to alcohol for sleepiness or body sway. Men and women did not differ on any of these measures.ConclusionThese data do not support a role of acute tolerance in the low LR to alcohol as measured by subjective feelings of intoxication or body sway in these subjects, findings that were similar across males and females. In addition, consistent with the literature, the analyses demonstrated differences across measures such that acute tolerance was observed for most measures of subjective effects but not for body sway. Among the subjective effects, acute tolerance was observed for alcohol's intoxicating effect but not for feeling sleepy.

The present study aims to examine the impact of a training program, which develops positive parental behaviors among mothers on enhancing secure attachment pattern for children in middle childhood stage The experimental sample consists of mothers) n=12) aged between 29 and 45 years with an average age (m=35.00) and a standard deviation )st=4.285) and the number of the children of mothers participating in the program (n=12) to discover the extent of change at the level of secure attachment as a dependent variable; the number of males (n= 8) and the number of females (n=4) whose ages range between 6 and 12 years, with an average age (m=9.25) and a standard deviation (st=2.301 (.The study includes number of tools patterns of attachment scale prepared by Nelly Karam Allah (2017;( as for the tools applied on the sample of mothers, they include the family assessment scale, translated and prepared by Shimaa Ahmed Megahd (2012, (and the attachment program for developing positive parental behaviors, prepared by researcher (2021). The results of the study have revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the skills of the family assessment scale (problem solving, sympathy, family roles, the total score on the family assessment scale) between the average scores of mothers in the pre-measurement and the post-measurement after the mothers’ exposure to the training program, in favor of the post-measurement at the level (0.05). There are also differences in the mothers’ average scores between the post-measurement and the follow-up measurement in relation to the family assessment skills (emotional response, sympathy, family roles), in favor of the follow-up measurement.The results have also revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the secure attachment pattern among children in the middle childhood stage after their mothers’ exposure to the training program, in favor of the post-measurement at the level (0.05), but there are no significant differences in the secure attachment pattern among the children between the post-measurement and the follow-up measurement at the signal level (0.05).

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Oral Sucrose on Level of Pain during DPT Immunization among Infants at a Selected Hospital, Salem. Objectives:To assess the level of pain during DPT immunization among infants in experimental and control group. To determine the effectiveness of oral sucrose on level of pain during DPT immunization among infants in experimental and control group. To associate the level of pain during DPT immunization among infants in experimental and control group with their selected demographic variables. Operational Definitions Effectiveness Effectiveness refers to the reduced level of pain among infants in experimental group when compared to control group as measured by modified REILY infant pain Assessment Scale. Oral sucrose Oral sucrose refers to 24% sucrose solution (2ml) given to infants prior to administration of DPT immunization. DPT Immunization It is a vaccine administered intra muscularly in vastus lateralis to prevent DPT. Pain Pain refers to an unpleasant experience observed in the infant during injection as measured by using modified REILY infant pain assessment scale (facial expression, body movement, activity, cry, consolability). Infants Infants refer to the babies of 6 - 14 weeks of age receiving DPT immunization. Hypotheses H1: There will be significant difference in level of pain among infants in experimental and control group after oral sucrose administration during DPT immunization at P < 0.05 level. H2: There will be significant association between the level of pain during DPT immunization among infants in experimental and control group with their selected demographic variables at p

Purpose: apply choreographic training in the training process of novice athletes and determine its influence on the performance of basic rhythmic gymnastics exercises. Material and methods: the pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of the Complex Children’s Sports School No. 1, Kyivskyi District (Kharkov) among novice athletes 5-6 years old. The study involved 24 gymnasts: the control group (n = 12) conducted the training process according to the school program, experimental (n = 12) with the additional use of choreographic training. To evaluate the artistic and technical components, 2 choreographers with judicial experience and 4 trainers of the national category were involved. Because the level of preparedness of young athletes was at the initial stage, a 5-point assessment scale was applied. The first assessment of the basic exercises in rhythmic gymnastics among young athletes was carried out in the study groups at the beginning of the school year, the second - at the end of the half-year. Results: in the process of using choreographic exercises for mastering programs in rhythmic gymnastics for novice athletes 5-6 years old from the experimental group, reliably better assessment results were obtained in relation to the control group in performing the following components: "expressiveness of body movement" (t = 4.97; p

Context.— Competency-based medical education relies on frequent formative in-service assessments to ascertain trainee progression. Currently at our institution, trainees receive a summative end-of-rotation In-Training Evaluation Report based on feedback collected from staff pathologists. There is no method of simulating report sign-out. Objective.— To develop a formative in-service assessment tool that is able to simulate report sign-out and provide case-by-case feedback to trainees. Further, to compare time- versus competency-based assessment models. Design.— Twenty-one pathology trainees were assessed for 20 months. Hot Seat Diagnosis by trainees and trainee assessment by pathologists were recorded in the laboratory information system. In the first iteration, trainees were assessed by using a time-based assessment scale on their ability to diagnose, report, use ancillary tests, comment on clinical implications, and provide intraoperative consultation and/or gross cases. The second iteration used a competency-based assessment scale. Trainees and pathologists completed surveys on the effectiveness of the In-Training Evaluation Report versus the Hot Seat Diagnosis tool. Results.— Scores from both iterations correlated significantly with other assessment tools including the Resident In-Service Examination (r = 0.93, P = .04 and r = 0.87, P = .03). The competency-based model was better able to demonstrate improvement over time and stratify junior versus senior trainees than the time-based model. Trainees and pathologists rated Hot Seat Diagnosis as significantly more objective, detailed, and timely than the In-Training Evaluation Report, and effective at simulating report sign-out. Conclusions.— Hot Seat Diagnosis is an effective tool for the formative in-service assessment of pathology trainees and simulation of report sign-out, with the competency-based model outperforming the time-based model.

OBJECTIVE To quantify the effect of a resident's reputation on the assessment of their laparoscopic skills. METHODS Faculty gynecologists were randomized to receive one of three hypothetical resident scenarios: a resident with high, average, or low surgical skills. All participants were then asked to view the same video of a resident performing a laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy that differed only by the resident description and provide an assessment using a modified OSATS (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills) and a global assessment scale. RESULTS From September 6, 2020, to October 20, 2020, a total of 43 faculty gynecologic surgeons were recruited to complete the study. Assessment scores on the modified OSATS (out of 20) and global assessment (out of 5) differed significantly according to resident description, where the high-performing resident scored highest (median scores of 15 and 4, respectively), followed by the average-performing resident (13 and 3), and finally, the low-performing resident (11 and 3) (P=.008 and .043, respectively). CONCLUSION Faculty assessment of residents in gynecologic surgery is influenced by the assessor's knowledge of the resident's past performance. This knowledge introduces bias that artificially increases scores given to those residents with favorable reputations and decreases scores given to those with reputed surgical skill deficits. These data quantify the effect of such bias in the assessment of residents in the workplace and serve as an impetus to explore systems-level interventions to mitigate bias.

This objective of the study is to assess the validity of the Awareness of Thermal Performance of Earth and Sustainable Benefit Assessment Scale (ATESBAS). A cross-sectional survey design was adopted with a 50 selected samples from the northwestern part of Nigeria. The instruments contained 20 items spread among the 2 constructs of Benefits of Compressed Earth Brick and Application of compressed earth brick. The data collected were entered into Microsoft Excel 2019, and SPSS 25 was used for the analysis. The scale was evaluated through content validity with experts and Reliability with Cronbach’s Alpha technique. The results indicated that the scale has substantial content validity and acceptable reliability values of 0.80 (Benefits of Compressed Earth Brick) and 0.84 (Application of compressed Earth Brick). However, one item overall failed to satisfy the condition to be certified as valid and thus, entirely removed from the scale (Application of Compressed Earth Brick). Accordingly, with the satisfaction of measurement requirements by 63 items, it concluded that the developed ATESBAS validated in this study can be used to investigate the awareness of the thermal performance of earth as a wall material and sustainable benefit, among professional architects in North-western Nigeria.

To address the clothing needs of an aging society, this study developed a scale using three-dimensional (3D) scan data that determine elderly women’s lower body shapes to improve the way garments fit the elderly. Body type elements that play an important role in garment fit were identified and five body type elements were selected for use in this study. A stepwise discriminant analysis using 176 dimensions was performed to extract parameters reflecting body shape features, resulting in 37 parameters. A scale for determining body shapes was developed using the discriminant function equation. This study differs from existing studies on body shape classification in that we determined the diverse body shape features of individuals by extracting the lower body type elements related to garment fit. This study demonstrated an organic relationship among lower body types, where a greater posterior pelvic tilt was associated with a protruding lower abdomen, flat buttocks, and an o-type frontal leg shape. The significance of this study lies in the extraction of 3D parameters that reflect the body shape features of elderly women. Such 3D parameter data can be used to create personal virtual bodies in online shopping malls in the future.

The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) is the most widely used and recommended clinical assessment scale for evaluating sensorimotor impairments in stroke patients, but an official Danish version has not been available. This study aimed to perform a standardized translation and cross-cultural adaptation (TCCA) of the FMA into Danish.First, a comprehensive eight-step TCCA procedure including forward and backward translation and step-wise reviewing by proof-reader and bilingual physiotherapists, to ensure conceptual and semantic equivalence was applied to develop a Danish version of the FMA. Second, inter-rater reliability of the Danish FMA was assessed in 10 subacute stroke patients. Svensson's statistical method designed for rank-based paired ordinal data to identify items showing non-systematic or systematic disagreements in relative position or concentration was used to make further improvements on translation.A Danish FMA version was successfully made by the step-wise TCCA procedure. The clinical validation revealed satisfactory to excellent inter-tester reliability across all items (70-100%). Significant systematic disagreement either in position or concentration or both were observed in about 20% of the items.The Danish version of the FMA was translated and adapted allowing for a wider standardized use of the FMA in stroke rehabilitation in Denmark.Implications for rehabilitationThe Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) is the most used and recommended clinical assessment scale for evaluating sensorimotor impairments in stroke patients.The translated and adapted Danish version of the FMA is now available for use in research and clinical practice in Denmark.This allows for a standardized and unified description of stroke motor recovery and severity in neurorehabilitation nationwide as well as the possibility to compare and conduct trials using FMA internationally.

Purpose: to determine the degree of change in the level of physical fitness of the 10th–11th grade pupils under the influence of CrossFit exercises. Material and methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific-methodological literature; pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. The tests were used to determine the level of physical fitness of the 10th–11th grade pupils: raising straight legs in a hanging (number of times); running in place with the intensity of 70% from maximum to pronounced fatigue (s); “shuttle” run 4–9 m (s); run 60 m (s) and cross split (cm). The studied results were compared to norms and evaluated with a certain number of points. Statistical analysis: the study materials were processed using the licensed program Excel. The research involved 113 pupils of the 10th–11th grades. Results: at the beginning of the school year, the stating research was carried out, according to which the “average” level (3 points) of physical fitness among 16–17-year-old pupils was established. According to the results of the primary research, pupils were divided into main and control groups for conducting the formative experiment. Pupils of the control groups were engaged by the generally accepted state program on physical education for 10–11 grades of general secondary education institutions, and the educational process on physical education of pupils of the main groups was supplemented by the variable module “CrossFit”. According to researches obtained after the pedagogical experiment, it was established that the level of physical fitness increased to “above the average” (4 points) in pupils of the main groups, and changes weren’t found on the assessment scale in the researched control groups. In the age aspect, there is mainly the improvement in results with age, both in main and control groups (p>0,05). The reliable prevarication of the data of boys, over the indicators of girls, was revealed, mainly, in the article (p

This study aims to determine the meaning of death for nursing students and their attitudes toward dignified death principles. The descriptive study was conducted with nursing students studying at a state university in Turkey. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Personal Meanings of Death Scale (PMDS), and the Assessment Scale of Attitudes toward the Principles of Dying with Dignity (ASAPDD). A positive and low-level significant relationship was determined between the students' age and the scores for the PMDS subdimensions and the ASAPDD. It was found that the students had positive perceptions of death and adopted the principles of a dignified death. It was determined that an increase in the students' perceptions of death positively affected their adoption of the principles of a dignified death.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the screen time of preschool children in relation to their parents’ screen-use habits and family functions. Materials and Methods: We included 198 parents whose children were attending a kindergarten in Sarıçam district of Adana. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the Family Assessment Scale. Screen times were calculated by adding up the time spent in front of tablets, TV, mobile phones, and computers. Results: The screen times were >2 h in 57.6% children on weekdays and in 76.3% on weekends, and screen times increased as age increased. Further, 88.9% parents indicated that they had family rules about screen use, 62.6% stated that their children were in front of the screen while eating, and 44.4% said their children had a screen of their own, whereas 90.9% told that they had not received any recommendations regarding screen use from family physicians or pediatricians. Low education level of parents, lack of family rules on screen use, children having their own screens, and having received no recommendations from doctors regarding screen use were noted to increase the screen times of children. There was a relationship between the screen times of children and that of parents as well as between screen times of children on weekdays and the communication subscale of family functions. Conclusion: From the results of the study, individual and institutional initiatives are recommended for family physicians and pediatricians who have many contacts with this age group to turn it into an opportunity and have a more active role in advising parents regarding screen use

Background: Constipation is a common digestive problem in elderly people. Study Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nursing intervention on the severity of constipation among elderly people at Sohag geriatric club. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at Sohag geriatric club. Subjects: The study sample consisted of elderly participants were 244 (male & female) was selected by convenient sample; the nursing intervention was applied on all elders who had constipation (84) after assessment phase. Tools of data collection: two proper tools were used, tool (I): consisted of two parts A) socio-demographic characteristics of older adults e.g. age, sex, education level, part (2): medical and nutritional history. Tool (II): Constipation assessment scale to measure constipation severity. Results: about one third (34.4%) of elderly were having constipation, also the study revealed that, there was highly statistical significant improvement in severity of constipation before and after application the nursing intervention. Conclusion: The study concluded that nursing intervention effective to decrease severity of constipation among elderly with constipation. Recommendation Application of nursing intervention to manage and decrease the severity of constipation among elderly people and importance of implementing periodic health education program for gerontological nurses, other health care providers and caregivers about management and prevention of constipation among elderly people.

espanolObjetivo: Correlacionar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodoncico, entre la autopercepcion de adolescentes con el diagnostico de un evaluador odontologo, utilizando la misma escala de valoracion, asi tambien determinar si las variables como el genero, la edad y la dependencia educacional influyen en la autopercepcion del adolescente y la observacion del examinador. Material y Metodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en adolescentes de 14 a 18 anos de escuelas publicas, subvencionadas y privadas de Temuco-Chile. Muestreo probabilistico estratificado por cursos, de primero a cuarto medio con una muestra de 414 estudiantes, segun los criterios de elegibilidad. Se utilizo el score fotografico del componente estetico (AC) del Indice de Necesidad de Tratamiento de Ortodoncia (INTO). El analisis estadistico de los datos fue realizado con el programa SPSS Statistics v.23. Resultados: El 94,9% de los adolescentes se autoperciben con una buena estetica, el examinador considera que un 77% presenta esta condicion, p EnglishBackground: To correlate the need for orthodontic treatment between the self-perception of Chilean adolescents from 14 to 18 years old with the observation of a dentist using the same assessment scale, as well as to determine if covariates such as gender, age and type of school influence the self-perception of the adolescent and the examiner. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from public, subsidized and private schools in Temuco, Chile. The probability sample is stratified by course, from first to fourth year, a total of 414 students participated, according to the eligibility criteria. The photographic score of the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS Statistics program v.23. Results: 94.9% of the adolescents perceived themselves as having good aesthetics. The examiner considered that 77% presented this condition, p

Aquatic rehabilitation therapy can improve strength and functional ability. Previous studies measured outcomes on land but did not measure underwater functional ability.This study aimed to validate the functional component of the Halliwick-ICF assessment scale, and to compare the scale between underwater and on-land activities.Rehabilitation and medical charts of individuals with brain lesions and/or spine injuries who underwent aquatic therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-one functional components of the Halliwick-ICF assessment scale items were categorized through exploratory factor analysis: center of gravity alteration, basic functional activity, and progressive basic functional activity. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the validity of the functional components of the Halliwick-ICF assessment scale. Spearman's correlation analyses were conducted using Medical Research Council sum and modified Barthel index scores.Ninety-five participants (mean age: 53.4 years, range: 27-73 years) were included in the analysis. Convergence and discrimination validity for all three factors were established. Total scores of the scale showed correlations with the modified Barthel index (r = 0.636,The functional components of the Halliwick-ICF assessment scale demonstrated validity with physical function on land, suggesting its usefulness in aquatic therapy.

OBJECTIVES: Almonds are a rich source of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, which have antioxidant activity. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that topical application of almond oil and almond skin extract reduces UVB-induced photoaging. Ultraviolet-B (UVB) protection by oral almond consumption has not been previously studied in humans. It was the objective to investigate whether oral almond consumption can increase resistance to UVB radiation and reduce skin aging in healthy Asian women. METHODS: Thirty-nine female participants (18–45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin type II-IV were randomly assigned to consume either 1.5 oz of almonds or 1.8 oz of pretzels daily for 12 weeks. Minimal erythema dose (MED) was determined using a standardized protocol, which determined the minimal radiation inducing erythema on the inner arm 24 hours following UVB exposure. Facial skin texture was evaluated by two dermatologists using the Clinician's Erythema Assessment scale and Allergan Roughness scale. Facial melanin index, hydration, sebum, and erythema were determined using a cutometer. RESULTS: Women who consumed almonds, experienced a significant increase in MED from 415 ± 64 to 487 ± 59 (18.7 ± 19.2%, P = 0.006) from baseline to week 12 compared to women in the pretzel group from 415 ± 67 to 421 ± 67 (1.8 ± 11.1%). The exposure time to reach minimal erythema was also increased significantly in the almond group from 160 ± 23 to 187 ± 25 (17.5 ± 22.2%) compared to the pretzel group from 165 ± 27 to 166 ± 25 (1.7 ± 14%) (p=0.026). There were no differences noted between the groups consuming almonds versus pretzels in Allergan roughness, melanin, hydration, or sebum on facial skin. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that daily oral almond consumption may lead to enhanced protection from UVB photodamage by increasing the MED. Protection from other UV radiation was not tested and therefore almond consumption will not replace other methods of sun protection such as application of sunscreen or wearing protective closing. FUNDING SOURCES: Almond Board of California.

This study aimed to verify variables that affect relationship stability. More specifically, this study examined whether relationship satisfaction, intimacy, passion, decision/commitment, love styles and sharing a religion are related to continuation of dating. The sample was composed of 129 participants involved in a dating relationship, from 13 Brazilian states. The participants individually completed the Relationship Assessment Scale, the Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale, and the Love Attitudes Scale. After 6 months, participants reported whether they stayed in the same relationship throughout the study. This study verified an influence of love and compatibility of religion on the relationship’s destiny. Participants who continued dating had higher relationship satisfaction, intimacy, and decision/commitment than participants who ended the relationship. Participants who had the same religion as their partners were also more likely to continue dating. These data reinforce the importance of the role of religion, love and relationship satisfaction on the relationship’s success.

Child abuse is a serious problem that results in devastating and long lasting damage to individualand community at large. Child abuse is a global issue affects children of all ages, gender, races, andethnicities and in varied socio economic classes linked to causes of child morbidity, mortality,school refusal and educational dropout. Aim of the study: This study aimed to identify thecorrelation between child abuse and school refusal among primary school children in Benha City,Qaliubya Governorate. Sample: The study sample consisted of 400 students from 5th and 6th gradeof education from Alshahid Abdal-Monem Riad School. Research Design: A descriptivecorrelational design was utilized in this study. Tools: In this study two tools were used for datacollection: I) a structured interviewing questionnaire included socio-demographic data of thestudied students and their parents as well as questionnaire about different types of child abuse. II)School Refusal Assessment Scale. Results: The results revealed that, near to half of the studiedchildren have moderate level of child abuse from their family, near to half have high level of childabuse from school and less than half of them have mild level of school refusal behavior. Also, therewas a highly statistically positive correlation between total child abuse and total school refusalscales among primary school children in Benha city. Conclusion: The study concluded that studiedchildren exposed to child abuse from family, school, have exposed to mild level of school refusaland there was a highly statistically positive correlation between total child abuse and total schoolrefusal scales among primary school children in Benha city. Recommendations: Therapeuticguidance programs should be prepared for children who exposed to child abuse or have schoolrefusal. Psycho-educational programs should be integrated as nursing intervention for students andtheir parents to enhance their psychological wellbeing as well as reducing school refusal .

Working conditions in modern times are a key factor related to organizational commitment, job satisfaction and fatigue among employees in pharmaceutical companies. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of socio-demographic and work factors on the levels of fatigue, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in employees of pharmaceutical companies. Participants of varied sectors (N = 102) completed the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), the Meyer and Allen Organizational Commitment Questionnaire as well as the Employee Satisfaction Inventory (ESI). The results showed that factors such as age, holding or not a position of responsibility, education, marital status, staff specialization, working hours per week, the total working experience as well as the years of work in the department in which the employees are now occupied, have a statistically significant effect on fatigue, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. In conclusion, it seems that there is an effect of various socio-demographic and work factors on the variables under investigation.

Aim of the study - to develop a scale for assessing the risk of COVID-19 disease for a differentiated approach in conducting preventive and anti-epidemic measures among military personnel. Material and methods. An array of published data was analyzed to select the risk factors for a possible COVID-19 disease. The disease risk assessment scale proposed on the basis of this analysis is implemented in the form of a table in MS Excel and a program in MS Visual Studio in C# with the inclusion of recommendations for making a management decision. Results. The risk factors for COVID-19 disease were selected and included in the questionnaire. A scale for assessing the risk of COVID-19 disease was developed: when a risk factor was identified, one point was assigned;otherwise, zero points were assigned. Then all the points are added together, and this amount is considered proportional to the risk of contracting COVID-19. The resulting total score is correlated with the recommendations for the scope of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. With the program implementation of the scale, it is possible to quickly make an adequate management decision. Conclusion. The use of such approaches can be a significant contribution to the fight against the new coronavirus infection. © 2021 Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. All rights reserved.

Background: The lips and perioral region are a highly dynamic anatomic area of the face and its anatomy and measurements will vary from patient to patient. In many years of clinical practice and as trainers for other injectors we have noticed that the assessment of this region is also very variable regardless of the experience of the injector. Objectives: The goal of this article is to provide a tool for assessment of the lower face and perioral area in other to simplify cosmetic treatments and help injectors identify what needs to be addressed in each patient. Methods: Over the last few years, weanalyzed the most common concerns of every patient presenting for treatment of the lips and perioral area and the most frequent areas addressed in the treatment of the lower face, and organized them into a tool that was able to systematize the different levels of attention needed in each particular area, guiding injectors towards a better final result. As trainers for other injectors, we also analyzed the most difficult aspects of the perioral assessment and simplified them into this tool that can help even novice injectors to do the correct diagnosis and therefore achieve better results while treating the perioral area. Conclusions: We believe that this tool will help both experienced and young injectors in the assessment of the lips and perioral area prior to treatment and in doing so, will provide a better outcome and cosmetic result.