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La expresión de Bessel es una ecuación diferencial ordinaria de segundo orden (EDOPO), cuyas soluciones son esféricas y pueden resolverse por los métodos de Frobenius, series y coeficientes indeterminados; cuyos valores se pueden utilizar muy bien y con facilidad en la ingeniería y tecnología de los alimentos. Sus soluciones se particularizan en cuatro partes, de las cuales las del tipo son las que tienen una aplicación en el presente estudio. La EDOPO de Bessel fue resuelta en sus cuatro posibilidades, donde los valores y comportamientos se proporcionan en tablas y gráficas en detalle. Los valores correspondientes de se usaron en la distribución de temperatura para envases cilíndricos de dimensiones conocidas usando las ecuaciones de transferencia de calor por conducción, preferentemente, proveniente de la teoría de Fourier; facilitando mejorar, modificar y diseñar nuevos procesos. Los resultados de la distribución de temperatura fueron calculados por las ecuaciones respectivas y los resultados obtenidos fueron empleados satisfactoriamente en el desarrollo del trabajo.

Se evaluó el aprovechamiento de los subproductos cítricos mediante la fermentación de la corteza de naranja por medio de Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, 1867, el que fue obtenido por inoculación en placa Petri, a temperatura de 35°C y a un pH de 4,3. Se utilizó como substrato la corteza de naranja triturada, parcialmente deshidratada, extendida en bandejas, secada en bandejas de cartón y sin pretratamiento térmico, añadiéndole, únicamente, componentes y nutrientes minerales, y se cultivó a A. niger a diferentes temperaturas de fermentación entre 8°C y 40°C. Al culminar el proceso fermentativo de la corteza de naranja pretratada se obtuvieron porcentajes máximos de transformación de nitrógeno mineral a nitrógeno orgánico de 34,5 %, para un valor de la integral térmica entre 0°C y 320°C por día, obteniendo para un kg de materia seca, 6,6 % de proteína para 600 g de producto (pienso) con 18 % de proteína. Finalmente, se correlacionó la variación del pH del sustrato en función de la integral térmica del cultivo; el rendimiento de la transformación del nitrógeno mineral a orgánico en función de la integral térmica del cultivo y la evolución del contenido de nitrógeno orgánico del sustrato de naranja fermentado por el A. niger frente a la integral térmica. Los resultados muestran altos coeficientes de correlación. Se concluye que es posible aprovechar los subproductos cítricos mediante la fermentación de la corteza de naranja por A. niger.

Esta es una investagación descriptivo-correlacional y con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal que tiene por objetivo determinar la relación de los factores personales, eclesiásticos, relacionales asociados con la permanencia de los miembros de la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día de la Misión del Lago Titicaca, 2015.

Forty seven clinical samples of Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) from Peruvian broilers received between July 2006 and April 2013 were genotyped using sequencing of L1 Loop of Hexon gene. All 47 clinical samples presented macroscopic and histopathology lesions consistent with IBH, and amplified a specific fragment of Hexon gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A unique nucleotide sequence of 789 base pairs of Hexon gene (position 273 to 1061) was obtained in all 47 clinical samples analyzed. This sequence showed a high level of conservation in amino acid and nucleotide sequence (>99%) with a Fowl Adenovirus C serotype 4 previously identified. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicate no genotypic variation in Peruvian isolates. The presence of a unique genotype very closely related with genotype C1 previously reported in Peru and Ecuador (>99%), suggests the presence of FAdV C serotype 4 genotype C1 in clinical cases of IBH from Peruvian broilers.

Blood samples from dogs with clinical signs compatible with ehrlichiosis were examined for infection of Ehrlichia canis using PCR, multiplex real-time PCR, and DNA sequencing analysis. Eleven of 25 samples were positive for a new strain of E. canis . This is the first molecular identification of E. canis infection in dogs from Peru.

To investigate the presence of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in pelvic tissue after oral administration of tegafur. To measure tegafur and 5-FU concentrations in normal rectal mucosa, perirectal fat and residual tumor in rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation. To correlate drug concentrations with cancer down-staging effects. Three tissue samples taken from 16 surgical specimens after recto-sigmoid resection were analyzed. Tegafur and 5-FU concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. 16 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with preoperative pelvic irradiation (45–50 Gy) sensitized with oral tegafur (400 mg for every 8 hours daily). Seven patients received a precharge dose of tegafur (400 mg oral every 8 hours) 24 hours before surgery. In 8 of the 9 patients who did not receive a precharge dose, detectable levels of tegafur were observed in fat tissue, normal mucosa and tumor, but detectable 5-FU levels were only observed in one patient. Mean concentrations (ranges) for tegafur in fat, normal mucosa and tumor in patients without the precharge dose were 72.19 (12.1–205.6), 179.53 (11.30–727.7) and 252.35 (27.9–874.6) ng/g, respectively; mean concentrations for 5-FU in the same samples were 0.95, 1.92 and 2.68 ng/g (1 patient), respectively. In patients receiving a tegafur precharge, both tegafur and 5-FU were present in all tissue samples with the exception of 2 fat samples, in which drug concentrations were undetectable. 5-FU levels were higher in tumor than other sites, with a median value of 68.24 ng/g (range 3.8–283.05 ng/g). Tegafur levels were also higher in tumor samples than other sites (mean 3446.53 ng/g, range 1044.5–7847.0 ng/g), except in 2 patients who had higher levels of tegafur in normal mucosa. Tegafur and 5-FU are not always present in pelvic tissues 5 to 6 weeks after oral administration of tegafur. Both drugs were present in the tissues analyzed, in relevant concentrations, 24 hours after oral administration of tegafur. The data obtained suggest a tendency (not significant) toward a correlation between levels of 5-FU present in the residual tumor and cancer down staging.

Background and purpose : To analyze early results of a single institution experience using adjuvant intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) presacral boost in locally advanced rectal cancer following preoperative chemoradiation. Materials and methods : In a 63 month period (March 1995–June 2000), 100 consecutive T 3–4 N x rectal cancer patients were treated with preoperative chemoradiation (45–50 Gy plus oral Tegafur or 5-Fluorouracil continuous intravenous infusion), radical surgery and IOERT presacral boost (mean dose, 12.5 Gy; range, 10–15 Gy). Adjuvant chemotherapy (5-FU–leucovorin: 4–6 cycles) was given to 52 patients. The median age was 63 years, and 39 patients were ≥70 years old (65 males). Clinical staging was performed with computed tomography (94%) and/or endorectal ultrasound (71%) categorizing 90 cT 3 , 10 cT 4 , 20 cN x , and 36 cN + . Abdomino-perineal resection was performed in 41 cases. Results : The IOERT cancellation rate was 6%. With a median follow-up of 23 months in IOERT treated patients, three developed pelvic recurrence: one anastomotic and one in the posterior vaginal wall (simultaneously with distant metastatic disease); and one presacral (in-field IOERT) as the only site of initial failure. Distant metastasis has been observed in 14 patients (exceptionally in pT 0–1 downstaged patients: 1/20; 5%). Overall treatment tolerances, including neoadjuvant and surgical segments, were acceptable. The actuarial 4-year estimations of local control, disease-free and overall survival are 94, 75 and 65%, respectively. Conclusions : IOERT electron boost to the presacral region is feasible to integrate systematically in the intensive combined treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, including neoadjuvant chemoradiation segment. Topography of pelvic recurrences identified 2/3 relapses located in non-IOERT boosted anatomic intrapelvic sites: posterior vaginal wall and anastomotic suture. Presacral recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer seems to be of low incidence, in a non-subspecialized academic surgical practice coordinated with a multidisciplinary oncology evaluation context, if an IOERT boost is included as a component of treatment together with preoperative chemoradiation.

Se analiza retrospectivamente la tolerancia y el control tumoral en pacientes con cancer infiltrante de vejiga cuya unica alternativa terapeutica radical es la radioterapia externa.

Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de una mezcla probiótica en la dieta sobre la ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y conversión alimenticia de cuyes en crecimiento y engorde. Se trabajó con 64 cuyes machos de un día de edad de una granja experimental en Huancayo, Perú. Los animales fueron distribuidos al azar en cuatro tratamientos consistentes en una dieta base de forraje (ryegrass-trébol rojo) suplementada con afrechillo de trigo, más 0, 100, 150 o 200 ml de una mezcla probiótica en suspensión de Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium-Saccharomyces. La suspensión probiótica fue mezclada con 1 kg del suplemento y administrada por 10 semanas. Se observaron patrones significativos de respuesta lineal a los niveles del probiótico en ganancia de peso (y = 631.04571 + 0.60537x; r2=0.2971, p=0.029) y conversión alimenticia (y = 6.21121 - 0.0339x; r2=0.625, p=0.0003), sin que hubiera una respuesta significativa en consumo total de alimento. Se concluye que la mezcla probiótica tiene el potencial de incrementar la productividad y la eficiencia alimenticia en cuyes en crecimiento y acabado; sin embargo, mayores niveles del probiótico deberían ser explorados para obtener resultados biológicos y prácticos óptimos., The study evaluated the effect of addition of a probiotic mix in the diet on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of growing and finishing guinea pigs. A total of 64 male guinea pigs, 1 day-old from an experimental farm in Huncayo, Peru were selected. The animals were randomly allocated to four feed treatments consisting of a rye grass-clover forage basal diet supplemented with wheat bran plus 0, 100, 150 or 200 ml of a Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium-Saccharomyces probiotic mix suspension. The probiotic was mixed with 1 kg of the supplement and supplied during 10 weeks. Significant linear response patterns to the probiotic levels were observed for body weight gain (y = 631.04571 + 0.60537x; r2=0.2971, p=0.029) and feed conversion (y = 6.21121 - 0.0339x; r2=0.625, p=0.0003). There was no significant effect on feed intake. It is concluded that the probiotic mix has the potential for improving the productivity and feed efficiency of guinea pigs, but higher levels should be explored in order to obtain biological and practical optimal results.

Se determino los niveles sericos de las enzimas asparto aminotransferasa (AST), creatina fosfokinasa (CK), isoenzima creatina fosfokinasa-MB (CK-MB) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) en perros adultos con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y aparentemente sanos, para evaluar su uso como predictor de dano miocardico en insuficiencia cardiaca. Se evaluo a 25 animales sin distincion de sexo y raza, los cuales se dividieron en 2 grupos: 10 animales aparentemente sanos (G1) y 15 animales con enfermedad cardiovascular (G2). Se colecto sangre de la vena cefalica y los sueros resultantes se analizaron por espectrofotometria. Los niveles sericos de la isoenzima CK-MB fueron los unicos que tuvieron diferencia estadistica (p

Se determinó el grado de concordancia entre el examen hematológico y la prueba de ELISA directa en el diagnóstico de ehrlichiosis canina. Se emplearon 77 muestras de sangre de perros con signos clínicos compatibles a ehrlichiosis canina y 20 controles clínicamente normales que fueron obtenidos en la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se encontró un 84.7 ± 11.0% de grado de concordancia mediante la prueba de Kappa. Así mismo, se determinó que la trombocitopenia, leucopenia, anemia y el antecedente de contacto con garrapatas tuvieron una relación significativa con la presencia de la enfermedad (p, The present study evaluated the level of agreement between the hematology test and the direct ELISA assay for the diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis. It was used 77 samples from dogs with clinical signs compatible with canine ehrlichiosis and 20 control samples from the Hospital of Small Animals of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, San Marcos National University. The results showed 84.7 ± 11.0% of concordance by the Kappa test. Likewise, the thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia and history of tick infestation were significantly related (p

This study was carried out with 23 adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)of both sexes, kept in captivity in the province of Lima to establish reference liverbiochemistry profilevalues (Total and direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, alanineamino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AF),and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). The animals (7 males and 16 females) were from three local zoos and were anesthesyzed with ketamine hydrochloride or with acombination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride. Blood samples (7ml) were collected from the saphenous vein in sterile tubes and serum was analyzedusing commercial kits. The values (mean ± SD) were Total Bilirubin: 0.6 ± 0.3 mg/dl;Direct Bilirubin: 0.08 ± 0.06 mg/dl; Total Protein: 6.6 ± 0.7 g/dl; Albumin: 3.6 ± 0.5 g/dl;ALT: 26.0 ± 9.7 UI/l; AST: 87.6 ± 22.9 UI/l; AF: 73.9 ± 33.8 UI/l, and GGT: 42.5 ± 12.6 UI/l.There were no statistical differences due to sex except for total bilirubin and albumin(p

Se determino la seroprevalencia de cisticercosis porcina en caserios de la zona de Tumbes, Peru. Se evaluo el 97% (1872/1927) del total de cerdos mayores a 7 meses de edad, provenientes de 17 caserios rurales de la provincia de Tumbes, departamento de Tumbes, mediante la prueba de Electroinmunotransferencia. Ademas, se evaluo las variables caserio de procedencia, edad y sexo para determinar si existia asociacion respecto a la presentacion de la enfermedad, mediante la prueba de Chi Cuadrado y el analisis de Regresion Logistica. La seroprevalencia corregida fue de 45 ± 2.3%. Los caserios que presentaron las seroprevalencias mas altas fueron La Capitana, Carretas y Rica Playa (70 ± 7.8, 69 ± 12.3 y 64 ± 6.8%, respectivamente). Los seroprevalencia en cerdos mayores de 12 meses fue de 49 ± 3.1% en tanto que en cerdos de 8 a 12 meses fue de 40 ± 3.3% (p

Radio-induced dermatitis is one of the most frequent side effects of radiotherapy. Among the commercially available products for the care of irradiated skin is a hydrating lotion containing 3% urea, polidocanol and hyaluronic acid. Its effectiveness for preventing the appearance of radiodermatitis or reducing its severity has been studied on a number of occasions. To evaluate the effectiveness of “intensive use” of the lotion containing 3% urea, polidocanol and hyaluronic acid for preventing the appearance of acute radiodermatitis and controlling its severity. Prospective observational study in 98 patients with breast cancer with a 10-week follow-up period. Skin toxicity (RTOG/EORTC scale) was evaluated weekly. To study the effectiveness we compared incidence and grade of toxicity with a sample of 174 breast cancer patients (control sample) treated in our centre during 2006 who used skin-support measures at the start of the radiotherapy or the occurrence of radiodermatitis. The proportion of patients who did not develop radiodermatitis was significantly higher in the intensive use group (27.6% vs. 15.5%; p

Summary Introduction Gliosarcoma is a very rare primary mixed tumor in the central nervous system, with a biphasic pattern consisting of glial and malignant mesenchymal elements. Its onset is between the fourth and sixth decade of life, and it has a male/female ratio of 1.8/1. Here we present two cases of Gliosarcoma treated in our department. Discussion The monoclonal or biclonal origin of its biphasic nature is still subject to debate; hence the importance of its diagnosis and histogenesis. Results Standard treatment consists in surgical resection of the tumor followed in some cases by external radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

To describe downstaging effects in locally advanced rectal cancer induced by 2 fluopirimidine radiosensitizing agents given through different routes in conjunction with preoperative radiotherapy.From March 1995 to December 1999, two consecutive groups of patients with cT3-4Nx rectal cancer (94% CT scan, 71% endorectal ultrasound) were treated with either (1) 45-50 Gy (1.8 Gy/day, 25 fractions) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500-1,000 mg/m2 by 24-h continuous i.v. infusion on Days 1-4 and 21-25) or (2) oral Tegafur (1,200 mg/day on Days 1-35, including weekends). Surgery was performed 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation.The total T downstaging rate was 46% in the 5-FU group and 53% in the Tegafur group. Subcategories were downstaged by the sensitizing agents (5-FU vs. Tegafur) as follows: pT0-1, 14% vs. 23%; pT2, 32% vs. 32%; pT3, 49% vs. 37%; pT4, 5% vs. 7%; and N(0), 74% vs. 86%. Analysis of residual malignant disease in the specimen discriminated mic/mac subgroups (mic:20% of microscopic cancer residue), with evident superior downstaging effects in the Tegafur-treated group: pTmic 23% vs. 58% (p = 0.002).When administered concurrent with pelvic irradiation, oral Tegafur induced downstaging rates in both T and N categories superior to those induced by intermediate doses of 5-FU by continuous i.v. infusion. In this pilot experience, oral Tegafur reproduced the characteristics of downstaging described previously when full doses of 5-FU have been combined with radiotherapy.

A 64-year-old male patient was studied for repeated right basal pneumonia of long duration. A computed tomography scan showed a cholecystitis of concealed evolution. Surgery revealed fistulization toward the thorax, with the passage of multiple calculi of a biliary origin to the chest cavity. We report the first described case to our knowledge of cholecyst-thoracic fistula secondary to cholecystitis of long evolution.

Twenty-five isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale were examined by agar gel precipitation, immunoperoxidase assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blot analysis, and a polymerase chain reaction. All of the isolates were identified as serotype A. Protein profiles of whole cell extracts were similar for all the isolates, and a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 33 kD was a major component, being present in all the isolates. In the main, proteins of 33, 42, 52, and 66 kD were recognized in immunoblots with sera from chickens naturally exposed to O. rhinotracheale. A modified polymerase chain reaction assay identified O. rhinotracheale DNA from all the isolates and tracheal swabs, producing amplicons of 784 bp, and distinguished O. rhinotracheale from bacterial agents causing similar clinical signs.