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1. To care for them, we need to take care of ourselves: A qualitative study on the health of home health aides

Author: Jacklyn Cho, Brittany Toffey, Ariel F. Silva, Ariel Shalev, Monika M. Safford, Erica Phillips, Ann Lee, Faith Wiggins, Elissa Kozlov, Emma K. Tsui, Nicola Dell, Ariel C. Avgar, Susan J. Andreae, and Madeline R. Sterling
Subjects: Health Policy
Published: 2023

2. Subtle hydrogen bond preference and dual Franck–Condon activity – the interesting pairing of 2-naphthol with anisole

Author: Arman Nejad, Ariel F. Pérez Mellor, Manuel Lange, Ivan Alata, Anne Zehnacker, and Martin A. Suhm
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: In contrast to standard DFT predictions, 2-naphthol is shown to dock on the oxygen of anisole, with excitation-dependent angular geometry.
Published: 2023

3. C-shaped Canal System in Maxillary Molars Evaluated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in an Argentine subpopulation

Author: Romina Chaintiou Piorno, Eugenia P Consoli Lizzi, Ariel F Gualtieri, and Pablo A Rodríguez
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of maxillary first and second molars with a C-shaped canal system in an Argentine subpopulation, and to classify them. Materials and Method: Of the 332 CBCTs initially evaluated, 120 met the selection criteria. Once the presence of a C-shaped canal system had been established, the teeth were classified following Martins et al. Data were expressed as absolute frequencies, percentages with of 95% confidence intervals, according to the score test. Comparisons were analyzed by Chi-square test and Fisher’ exact test, with 5% significance level. Results: It was found that 5 out of 120 first molars (4%) and 17 out of 152 second molars (11%) had a C-shaped canal system. Regarding the classification applied, of 5 C-shaped first molars, 2 corresponded to type E2 (40%), 2 corresponded to type C (40%), and 1 corresponded to type B1 (20%). Of 17 C-shaped second molars, 4 resembled a type A (24%), 7 resembled a type B1 (41%), 5 resembled a type B2 (29%), and 1 resembled a type C (6%). UC1 and UC2 configurations were the most common at all levels except apical level. Conclusion: The prevalence of C-shaped canal system pattern in maxillary first and second molars was estimated for the first time in an Argentine subpopulation, in vivo. Knowledge of these data should help clinicians during endodontic treatment. Keywords: maxillary molars - C-shaped root canal - cone-beam computed tomography
Published: 2022

4. Eliciting the educational priorities of home care workers caring for adults with heart failure

Author: Ariel Shalev, Yanira Escamilla, Faith Wiggins, Monika M. Safford, Jacklyn Cho, Harveen Kaur, Peggy B Leung, Madeline R Sterling, Lisa M. Kern, Ann Lee, and Ariel F Silva
Subjects: Heart Failure, business.industry, education, Health services research, Foundation (evidence), medicine.disease, Home Care Services, Article, Education, Nursing, Care workers, Geriatrics, Heart failure, medicine, Educational Status, Humans, Learning, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although home care workers (HCWs) are increasingly caring for adults with heart failure (HF), many feel unprepared and lack HF training. To serve as the foundation for a future educational intervention, we aimed to elicit HCWs’ HF educational needs. METHODS: We partnered with the largest healthcare union in the US to recruit 41 HCWs employed by 17 home care agencies. Using the nominal group technique, we asked HCWs to respond to 3 questions: When caring for a HF patient: (1) What information do you want? (2) What symptoms worry you? (3) What situations do you struggle with? Participants ranked their responses by priority. Data were consolidated by question. RESULTS: For question 1, participants ranked HF signs and symptoms most highly, followed by HF treatment and medications. For question 2, chest pain was most worrisome, followed by neurologic changes and shortness of breath. For question 3, participants struggled with encouraging patients to follow a heart-specific diet. CONCLUSIONS: HCWs expressed a need to learn more about signs and symptoms of HF and ways to assist patients with HF self-care. These findings can inform the development of a HF training program for HCWs that specifically addresses their expressed needs.
Published: 2023

5. Data from Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapies Following Venetoclax Discontinuation in CLL Reveals BTK Inhibition as an Effective Strategy

Author: Toby A. Eyre, John N. Allan, Bruce D. Cheson, Kayla Bigelow, Colleen Dorsey, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Amber C. King, Julie M. Goodfriend, Chadi Nabhan, Hanna B. Weissbrot, Jason C. Lee, Neil Bailey, Erica B. Bhavsar, Talha Munir, Nicolas Martinez-Calle, Christopher P. Fox, Thomas D. Rodgers, Stephen J. Schuster, Timothy J. Voorhees, Kentson Lam, Rachael Pocock, Othman S. Akhtar, Pratik Shah, Krista M. Isaac, Ariel F. Grajales-Cruz, Sirin Khajavian, Andrea Sitlinger, Allison M. Winter, Kate J. Whitaker, Christine A. Garcia, Helen Parry, Craig A. Portell, Paul M. Barr, Joanna Rhodes, Catherine C. Coombs, Michael Choi, Bita Fakhri, Satyen Gohil, John M. Pagel, Jeffrey J. Pu, Pallawi Torka, Alan P. Skarbnik, Jacqueline Barrientos, Javier A. Pinilla-Ibarz, Guilherme Fleury Perini, Maryam Sarraf Yazdy, Chaitra S. Ujjani, Mazyar Shadman, Danielle Brander, Nicole Lamanna, Brian T. Hill, Ryan Jacobs, Lindsey E. Roeker, and Anthony R. Mato
Abstract: Purpose:Venetoclax-based therapy is a standard-of-care option in first-line and relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patient management following venetoclax discontinuation remains nonstandard and poorly understood.Experimental Design:To address this, we conducted a large international study to identify a cohort of 326 patients who discontinued venetoclax and have been subsequently treated. Coprimary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival for the post-venetoclax treatments stratified by treatment type [Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki), and cellular therapies].Results:We identified patients with CLL who discontinued venetoclax in the first-line (4%) and relapsed/refractory settings (96%). Patients received a median of three therapies prior to venetoclax; 40% were BTKi naïve (n = 130), and 81% were idelalisib naïve (n = 263). ORR to BTKi was 84% (n = 44) in BTKi-naïve patients versus 54% (n = 30) in BTKi-exposed patients. We demonstrate therapy selection following venetoclax requires prior novel agent exposure consideration and discontinuation reasons.Conclusions:For BTKi-naïve patients, selection of covalently binding BTKis results in high ORR and durable remissions. For BTKi-exposed patients, covalent BTK inhibition is not effective in the setting of BTKi resistance. PI3Kis following venetoclax do not appear to result in durable remissions. We conclude that BTKi in naïve or previously responsive patients and cellular therapies following venetoclax may be the most effective strategies.See related commentary by Rogers, p. 3501
Published: 2023

6. Supplemental Figure 2 from Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapies Following Venetoclax Discontinuation in CLL Reveals BTK Inhibition as an Effective Strategy

Author: Toby A. Eyre, John N. Allan, Bruce D. Cheson, Kayla Bigelow, Colleen Dorsey, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Amber C. King, Julie M. Goodfriend, Chadi Nabhan, Hanna B. Weissbrot, Jason C. Lee, Neil Bailey, Erica B. Bhavsar, Talha Munir, Nicolas Martinez-Calle, Christopher P. Fox, Thomas D. Rodgers, Stephen J. Schuster, Timothy J. Voorhees, Kentson Lam, Rachael Pocock, Othman S. Akhtar, Pratik Shah, Krista M. Isaac, Ariel F. Grajales-Cruz, Sirin Khajavian, Andrea Sitlinger, Allison M. Winter, Kate J. Whitaker, Christine A. Garcia, Helen Parry, Craig A. Portell, Paul M. Barr, Joanna Rhodes, Catherine C. Coombs, Michael Choi, Bita Fakhri, Satyen Gohil, John M. Pagel, Jeffrey J. Pu, Pallawi Torka, Alan P. Skarbnik, Jacqueline Barrientos, Javier A. Pinilla-Ibarz, Guilherme Fleury Perini, Maryam Sarraf Yazdy, Chaitra S. Ujjani, Mazyar Shadman, Danielle Brander, Nicole Lamanna, Brian T. Hill, Ryan Jacobs, Lindsey E. Roeker, and Anthony R. Mato
Abstract: Supplemental Figure 2: Progression free survival of patients without prior BTKi exposure who had progressed on venetoclax and were then treated with BTKi.
Published: 2023

7. Supplemental Figure 1 from Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapies Following Venetoclax Discontinuation in CLL Reveals BTK Inhibition as an Effective Strategy

Author: Toby A. Eyre, John N. Allan, Bruce D. Cheson, Kayla Bigelow, Colleen Dorsey, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Amber C. King, Julie M. Goodfriend, Chadi Nabhan, Hanna B. Weissbrot, Jason C. Lee, Neil Bailey, Erica B. Bhavsar, Talha Munir, Nicolas Martinez-Calle, Christopher P. Fox, Thomas D. Rodgers, Stephen J. Schuster, Timothy J. Voorhees, Kentson Lam, Rachael Pocock, Othman S. Akhtar, Pratik Shah, Krista M. Isaac, Ariel F. Grajales-Cruz, Sirin Khajavian, Andrea Sitlinger, Allison M. Winter, Kate J. Whitaker, Christine A. Garcia, Helen Parry, Craig A. Portell, Paul M. Barr, Joanna Rhodes, Catherine C. Coombs, Michael Choi, Bita Fakhri, Satyen Gohil, John M. Pagel, Jeffrey J. Pu, Pallawi Torka, Alan P. Skarbnik, Jacqueline Barrientos, Javier A. Pinilla-Ibarz, Guilherme Fleury Perini, Maryam Sarraf Yazdy, Chaitra S. Ujjani, Mazyar Shadman, Danielle Brander, Nicole Lamanna, Brian T. Hill, Ryan Jacobs, Lindsey E. Roeker, and Anthony R. Mato
Abstract: Supplemental Figure 1: Overall survival of entire cohort from initiation of venetoclax.
Published: 2023

8. Unveiling the Configurational Landscape of Carbamate: Paving the Way for Designing Functional Sequence-Defined Polymers

Author: Ariel F. Perez Mellor, Johanna Brazard, Sara Kozub, Thomas Bürgi, Roza Szweda, and Takuji B. M. Adachi
Abstract: Carbamate is an emerging class of polymer backbone for constructing sequence-defined, abiotic polymers. It is expected that new functional materials can be de novo designed by controlling the primary polycarbamate sequence. While amino acids have been actively studied as building blocks for protein folding and peptide self-assembly, carbamates have not been widely investigated from this perspective. Here we combined infrared (IR), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the conformation of carbamate monomer units in a non-polar, aprotic environment (chloroform). Compared with amino acid building blocks, carbamates are more rigid, presumably due to the extended delocalization of π-electrons on the backbones. Surprisingly, cis configurations can be energetically stable for carbamates while peptides typically assume trans configurations at low energies. This study lays an essential foundation for future developments of carbamate-based sequence-defined polymer material design.
Published: 2023

9. Sarcopenia Prevalence and Influence on the Development of Toxicity and Length of Stay in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Myeloma Treated with Commercial Anti-BCMA CART Cells

Author: Nathan Parker, Karnav Modi, Ricardo Villanueva, Lawrence Skelson, Ashley Scotto, Margaret Booth-Jones, Gabriel De Avila, Michael D. Jain, Asmita Mishra, Rawan Faramand, Othman Salim Akhtar, Jason Brayer, Omar Castaneda-Puglianini, Ariel F. Grajales-Cruz, Rachid C. Baz, Brandon J. Blue, Kenneth H. Shain, Melissa Alsina, Hien D. Liu, Taiga Nishihori, Frederick L. Locke, Doris K. Hansen, and Ciara L. Freeman
Subjects: Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022

10. Comparing Outcomes of Outpatient Vs. Inpatient High-Dose Melphalan Based Conditioning Regimens Followed By Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Myeloma

Author: Taiga Nishihori, Doris K. Hansen, Hien D. Liu, Omar Alexis Castaneda Puglianini, Ciara L. Freeman, Brandon J. Blue, Jason Brayer, Jongphil Kim, Ariel F Grajales-Cruz, Jose Ochoa, Rachid C. Baz, Kenneth H. Shain, Frederick L. Locke, and Melissa Alsina
Subjects: Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022

11. High Metabolic Tumor Volume Is Associated with Higher Toxicity and Decreased Efficacy of BCMA CAR-T Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

Author: Ricardo Villanueva, Doris K. Hansen, Rolf Petter Tonseth, Kenneth L Gage, Zhouping Wei, Gabriel De Avila, Rachid C. Baz, Ariel F Grajales-Cruz, Omar Castaneda-Puglianini, Brandon J. Blue, Jason Brayer, Kenneth H. Shain, Melissa Alsina, Hien D. Liu, Taiga Nishihori, Meghan A Menges, Frederick L. Locke, Yoganand Balagurunathan, and Ciara L. Freeman
Subjects: Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022

12. Similar Benefits of High-Dose Melphalan Based Conditioning Regimens Followed By Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Elderly Myeloma Population Compared to the Younger Group: Single Center Experience

Author: Taiga Nishihori, Ciara L. Freeman, Doris K. Hansen, Brandon J. Blue, Omar Alexis Castaneda Puglianini, Jongphil Kim, Ariel F. Grajales-Cruz, Jason Brayer, Jose Ochoa, Hien D. Liu, Kenneth H. Shain, Rachid C. Baz, Frederick L. Locke, and Melissa Alsina
Subjects: Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022

13. CONSUMER AWARENESS SURVEY IN QUIRINO, PHILIPPINES

Author: ARIEL F MELAD Et Al,. (2023).
Published: 2023
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14. The role of Absorbing Markov Chains in childhood cancer

Author: David H. Margarit, Marcela V. Reale, Ariel F. Scagliotti, and Lilia M. Romanelli
Abstract: Absorbing Markov Chains are an important mathematical tool used for different applications in science. On the other hand, cancer and its metastases in children have a significant impact on health due to their degree of lethality. Therefore, the aim of this work is to model the metastatic pathways of the main childhood cancers worldwide. The probabilities of generating metastases, from a primary site to secondary and tertiary sites, were characterized by constructing a directed graph and the associated transition matrix. In addition, the time of absorption and the probabilities of absorption by each absorbing state were calculated.
Published: 2022

15. Maxillary incisor internal root anatomy evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography in a population of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Author: Eugenia P, Consoli Lizzi, Romina, Chaintiou Piorno, Claudia M, Aranda, Ariel F, Gualtieri, and Pablo A, Rodríguez
Subjects: Incisor, Male, stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system, Argentina, Humans, Female, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Dental Pulp Cavity, Tooth Root
Abstract: In the field of anthropology, discrete traits are considered as minimal epigenetic variations. However, they can elicit complications in endodontic therapy. Thorough understanding of root canal morphology is essential to achieving predictable results in endodontic practice, and may be attained by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The aim of the present study was to research the internal root anatomy of maxillary central and lateral incisors in vivo and quantify its variation in a population of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A total 697 CBCT scans from a pre-existing database were observed, and the configuration type for each tooth was determined according to Vertucci's classification. The data were described by absolute frequencies and percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The CI was estimated by the Wilson Score method. Chi-square test (χ2) was used for comparing frequencies, with a 5% significance level. 238 CBCT scans met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 761 teeth assessed. Vertucci Type I configuration was observed in 760 teeth (99.9%) and the Type II was found in only one tooth (0.1%), in which the anatomy was compatible with dens in dente. When differences were analyzed according to sex, all the teeth in all women had Vertucci Type I configuration. In men, all maxillary central incisors were Vertucci Type I. Of 151 maxillary lateral incisors, 150 had Vertucci Type I configuration (99.3%) and 1 had Type II (0.7%). Conclusions: Maxillary incisor internal root anatomy prevalence was estimated from CBCT scans for the first time in an Argentine population. 99.9% of the sample presented Vertucci Type I configuration, and 0.1% had Vertucci Type II configuration. The clinical finding of maxillary incisors with anatomical complexity should be considered as a possibility in endodontic practice.En el ámbito de la antropología, los rasgos discretos son considerados variaciones epigenéticas mínimas, pero pueden traer complicaciones en la terapia endodóntica. Comprender la morfología del conducto radicular es fundamental para lograr resultados predecibles en la práctica endodóntica, y esto puede lograrse mediante el uso de la tomografía cone-beam (CBCT). El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar de manera in vivo la anatomía radicular interna de incisivos centrales y laterales superiores, y cuantificar su variación en una población de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 697 CBCTs de una base de datos preexistente fueron analizadas, y se consignó para cada pieza el tipo de configuración basada en la clasificación de Vertucci. Los datos se describieron mediante frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95). Los IC95 fueron estimados mediante el método score de Wilson. Para la comparación de frecuencias se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (χ2), con un nivel de significación de 5%. 238 CBCTs cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, resultando en 761 piezas evaluadas. Se encontró un Vertucci tipo I en 760 piezas (99,9%) y se halló Vertucci tipo II en una sola pieza dentaria (0,1%), que mostraba anatomía compatible con dens in dente. Diferenciando por sexos, todas las mujeres para todas las piezas mostraron Vertucci tipo I. Los varones en sus incisivos centrales superiores poseían Vertucci tipo I en todas las piezas, y de los 151 incisivos laterales superiores, 150 mostraron tipo I de Vertucci (99,3%) y 1, tipo II (0,7%). Conclusión: La prevalencia de anatomía dentaria interna fue estimada por primera vez en una población argentina mediante CBCTs. El 99,9% de la muestra presentó un Vertucci tipo I, y el 0,1% un Vertucci tipo II. La aparición clínica de incisivos superiores con complejidad anatómica debe ser considerada posible en la práctica endodóntica.
Published: 2021

16. Fertilization mode differentially impacts the evolution of vertebrate sperm components

Author: Ariel F. Kahrl, Rhonda R. Snook, and John L. Fitzpatrick
Subjects: Male, Multidisciplinary, Semen, Fertilization, Vertebrates, Animals, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Biological Evolution, Spermatozoa, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Environmental change frequently drives morphological diversification, including at the cellular level. Transitions in the environment where fertilization occurs (i.e., fertilization mode) are hypothesized to be a driver of the extreme diversity in sperm morphology observed in animals. Yet how fertilization mode impacts the evolution of sperm components—head, midpiece, and flagellum—each with different functional roles that must act as an integrated unit remains unclear. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining the evolution of sperm component lengths across 1103 species of vertebrates varying in fertilization mode (external vs. internal fertilization). Sperm component length is explained in part by fertilization mode across vertebrates, but how fertilization mode influences sperm evolution varies among sperm components and vertebrate clades. We also identify evolutionary responses not influenced by fertilization mode: midpieces evolve rapidly in both external and internal fertilizers. Fertilization mode thus influences vertebrate sperm evolution through complex component- and clade-specific evolutionary responses.
Published: 2022

17. Development and Piloting of a Community-Partnered Heart Failure Training Course for Home Health Care Workers

Author: Madeline R. Sterling, Jacklyn Cho, Peggy B. Leung, Ariel F. Silva, Joanna Ringel, Faith Wiggins, Natasha Herring, Alena Powell, Oscar Toro, Ann Lee, Julia Loughman, Michael Obodai, Anthony Poon, Parag Goyal, Lisa M. Kern, and Monika M. Safford
Subjects: Heart Failure, Health Personnel, Humans, Educational Status, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background: Despite their unique contributions to heart failure (HF) care, home healthcare workers (HHWs) have unmet educational needs and many lack HF caregiving self-efficacy. To address this, we used a community-partnered approach to develop and pilot a HF training course for HHWs. Methods: We partnered with the Training and Employment Fund, a benefit fund of the largest healthcare union in the United States, to develop a 2-hour virtual HF training course that met HHWs’ job-specific needs. English and Spanish-speaking HHWs interested in HF training, with access to Zoom, were eligible. We used a mixed methods design with pre/postsurveys and semi-structured interviews to evaluate the course: (a) feasibility, (b) acceptability, and (c) effectiveness (change in knowledge [Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale range 0−15] and caregiving self-efficacy [HF Caregiver Self-efficacy Scale range 0−100]). Results: Of the 210 HHWs approached, 100 were eligible and agreed, and 70 enrolled. Of them, 53 (employed by 15 different home care agencies) participated. Posttraining data showed significant improvements (pretraining mean [SD] versus posttraining mean [SD]; P value) in HF knowledge (11.21 [1.90] versus 12.21 [1.85]; P =0.0000) and HF caregiving self-efficacy (75.21 [16.57] versus 82.29 [16.49]; P =0.0017); the greatest gains occurred among those with the lowest pre-training scores. Participants found the course engaging, technically feasible, and highly relevant to their scope of care. Conclusions: We developed and piloted the first HF training course for HHWs, which was feasible, acceptable, and improved their HF knowledge and caregiving self-efficacy. Our findings warrant scalability to the workforce at large with a train-the-trainer model.
Published: 2022

18. Fertilization mode drives sperm length evolution across the animal tree of life

Author: Ariel F. Kahrl, Rhonda R. Snook, and John L. Fitzpatrick
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, endocrine system, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, urogenital system, Mode (statistics), Zoology, Tree of life, Biology, Evolutionary transitions, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sperm, 03 medical and health sciences, Female sperm storage, Human fertilization, Sperm morphology, Sperm competition, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Evolutionary biologists have endeavoured to explain the extraordinary diversity of sperm morphology across animals for more than a century. One hypothesis to explain sperm diversity is that sperm length is shaped by the environment where fertilization takes place (that is, fertilization mode). Evolutionary transitions in fertilization modes may transform how selection acts on sperm length, probably by affecting postcopulatory mechanisms of sperm competition and the scope for cryptic female choice. Here, we address this hypothesis by generating a macro-evolutionary view of how fertilization mode (including external fertilizers, internal fertilizers and spermcasters) influences sperm length diversification among 3,233 species from 21 animal phyla. We show that sperm are shorter in species whose sperm are diluted in aquatic environments (that is, external fertilizers and spermcasters) and longer in species where sperm are directly transferred to females (that is, internal fertilizers). We also show that sperm length evolves faster and with a greater number of adaptive shifts in species where sperm operate within females (for example, spermcasters and internal fertilizers). Our results demonstrate that fertilization mode is a key driver in the evolution of sperm length across animals, and we argue that a complex combination of postcopulatory forces has shaped sperm length diversification throughout animal evolution.
Published: 2021

19. Eliciting the educational needs and priorities of home care workers on end-of-life care for patients with heart failure using nominal group technique

Author: Madeline R Sterling, Ariel F Silva, Ruth M. Masterson Creber, Peggy B Leung, David Russell, Lizeyka Jordan, and Dawon Baik
Subjects: Adult, Heart Failure, Terminal Care, business.industry, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Home Care Services, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Hospice Care, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nursing, Care workers, Heart failure, Nominal group technique, Quality of Life, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, End-of-life care
Abstract: Background: Home care workers, as paid caregivers, assist with many aspects of home-based heart failure care. However, most home care workers do not receive systematic training on end-of-life care for heart failure patients. Aim: To elicit the educational needs and priorities of home care workers caring for community- dwelling adults with heart failure at the end-of-life. Design: Nominal group technique involving a semi-quantitative structured group process and point rating system was used to designate the importance of priorities elicited from home care workers. Individual responses to the question, “ If you have ever cared for a heart failure patient who was dying (or receiving end-of-life care on hospice), what are some of the challenges you faced?”, were aggregated into categories using directed content analysis methods. Setting/Participants: Forty-one home care workers were recruited from a non-profit training and education organization in New York City. Results: Individual responses to the question were aggregated into five categories: (1) how to cope and grieve; (2) assisting patients with behavior changes, (3) supporting patients to improve their quality of life, (4) assisting patients with physical symptom management, and (5) symptom recognition and assessment. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the need for the formal development and evaluation of an educational program for home care workers to improve the care of heart failure patients at the end-of-life. There is also a need for research on integrating home care workers into the interprofessional healthcare team to support optimal health outcomes for patients with heart failure.
Published: 2021

20. Use it and bruise it: copulation rates are associated with muscle inflammation across anole lizard species

Author: Kyle S. Martin, Ariel F. Kahrl, Brittney M. Ivanov, and Michele A. Johnson
Subjects: Bruise, biology, Lizard, biology.animal, Sexual selection, medicine, Zoology, Animal Science and Zoology, Muscle inflammation, medicine.symptom, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Anolis
Published: 2021

21. UPDATE ON GENDER DISPARITIES: HEART FAILURE IN PUERTO RICAN WOMEN

Author: Ariel F. Gonzalez and Hilton Franqui-Rivera
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023

22. TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE HEART: NON-INVASIVE IDENTIFICATION OF THREE-VESSEL TOTAL CORONARY OCCLUSION PRESENTING AS NSTEMI

Author: Amanda Doval, Paola C. Mercado Millan, Andres Cordova Toro, Ariel F. Gonzalez, and Marcel A. Mesa Pabon
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023

23. Analysis of a Signal Transmission in a Pair of Izhikevich Coupled Neurons

Author: Marcela V. Reale, David. H. Margarit, and Ariel F. Scagliotti
Subjects: Physics, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, Dynamical systems theory, Biophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Membrane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Structural Biology, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Neuron, Constant (mathematics), Biological system, 010301 acoustics, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Individual neuron models give a comprehensive explanation of the behavior of the electrical potential of cell membranes. These models were and are a source of constant analysis to understand the functioning of, mainly, the complexity of the brain. In this work, using the Izhikevich model, we propose, analyze and characterize the transmission of a signal between two neurons unidirectionally coupled. Two possible states were characterized (sub-threshold and over-threshold) depending on the values of the signal amplitude, as well also the relationship between the transmitted and received signal taking into account the coupling. Furthermore, the activation of the emitting neuron (its transition from a resting state to spiking state) and the transmission to the receptor neuron were analyzed by adding white noise to the system.
Published: 2020

24. Patterns of Relapse and Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma Patients after Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy: Implications for Patient's Monitoring after CAR T-Cell Therapy

Author: Omar Alexis Castaneda Puglianini, Lauren C. Peres, Doris K. Hansen, Taiga Nishihori, Ariel F Grajales-Cruz, Brandon J. Blue, Jason Brayer, Ciara L. Freeman, Kenneth H. Shain, Hien D. Liu, Jose Ochoa, Frederick L. Locke, Rachid C. Baz, and Melissa Alsina
Subjects: Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022

25. Daratumumab Based Response Adapted Therapy for Older Adults with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Interim Analysis of Phase II Study

Author: Rachid C. Baz, Jongphil Kim, Christine Sam, Brandon J. Blue, Sonila Toska, Aaron Collier, Jason Brayer, Ariel F Grajales-Cruz, Melissa Alsina, Ariosto Siqueira Silva, and Kenneth H. Shain
Subjects: Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022

26. Cohesin complex-associated holoprosencephaly

Author: Seth I. Berger, Maximilian Muenke, Omkar Hajirnis, Paul Kruszka, David R. Murdock, Raymond J. Louie, Joshua L. Everson, Luis F. Escobar, Chitra Prasad, Maria Iascone, Hülya Kayserili, Raymond A. Poot, Valentina Casa, Nancy J. Clegg, Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon, Anna Cereda, Jenna Gaesser, Meena Balasubramanian, Nicole Corsten-Janssen, Mike R. Dekker, Jacob Hogue, Mark J. Stephan, Mauricio R. Delgado, Ariel F. Martinez, Oebele F. Brouwer, Allison Schreiber, Ping Hu, Angie W Lichty, Vickie Zurcher, Kerstin S. Wendt, Karin Weiss, Eloise J. Prijoles, Robert J. Lipinski, Momoko Tanima-Nagai, Matthew A. Deardorff, Karabey, Hülya Kayserili (ORCID 0000-0003-0376-499X & YÖK ID 7945), Kruszka, Paul, Berger, Seth I., Casa, Valentina, Dekker, Mike R., Gaesser, Jenna, Weiss, Karin, Martinez, Ariel F., Murdock, David R., Louie, Raymond J., Prijoles, Eloise J., Lichty, Angie W., Brouwer, Oebele F., Zonneveld-Huijssoon, Evelien, Stephan, Mark J., Hogue, Jacob, Hu, Ping, Tanima-Nagai, Momoko, Everson, Joshua L., Prasad, Chitra, Cereda, Anna, Iascone, Maria, Schreiber, Allison, Zurcher, Vickie, Corsten-Janssen, Nicole, Escobar, Luis, Clegg, Nancy J., Delgado, Mauricio R., Hajirnis, Omkar, Balasubramanian, Meena, Deardorff, Matthew, Poot, Raymond A., Wendt, Kerstin S., Lipinski, Robert J., Muenke, Maximilian, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, and Cell biology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, VARIANT, Cohesin complex, Forebrain division, Holoprosencephaly, X-linked inheritance, Cell Cycle Proteins, 030105 genetics & heredity, SMC1A CAUSE, Mice, SONIC-HEDGEHOG, OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS, Sonic hedgehog, Child, EPILEPSY, Genetics, forebrain division, DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY, Forebrain morphogenesis, DE-LANGE-SYNDROME, Child, Preschool, CORNELIA, Medicine, Female, Adolescent, Biology, ZIC2, 03 medical and health sciences, GLI2, medicine, Animals, Humans, Letters to the Editor, Neural fold, cohesin complex, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, INDIVIDUALS, 030104 developmental biology, holoprosencephaly, Forebrain, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), RAD21 MUTATIONS
Abstract: Marked by incomplete division of the embryonic forebrain, holoprosencephaly is one of the most common human developmental disorders. Despite decades of phenotype-driven research, 80-90% of aneuploidy-negative holoprosencephaly individuals with a probable genetic aetiology do not have a genetic diagnosis. Here we report holoprosencephaly associated with variants in the two X-linked cohesin complex genes, STAG2 and SMC1A, with loss-of-function variants in 10 individuals and a missense variant in one. Additionally, we report four individuals with variants in the cohesin complex genes that are not X-linked, SMC3 and RAD21. Using whole mount in situ hybridization, we show that STAG2 and SMC1A are expressed in the prosencephalic neural folds during primary neurulation in the mouse, consistent with forebrain morphogenesis and holoprosencephaly pathogenesis. Finally, we found that shRNA knockdown of STAG2 and SMC1A causes aberrant expression of HPE-associated genes ZIC2, GLI2, SMAD3 and FGFR1 in human neural stem cells. These findings show the cohesin complex as an important regulator of median forebrain development and X-linked inheritance patterns in holoprosencephaly., National Human Genome Research Institute Intramural Research Program; Dutch Cancer Society (KWF); Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health
Published: 2019

27. Wintertime CO2, CH4, and CO Emissions Estimation for the Washington, DC–Baltimore Metropolitan Area Using an Inverse Modeling Technique

Author: Xinrong Ren, Russell R. Dickerson, James R. Whetstone, Kuldeep R. Prasad, Paul B. Shepson, I. Lopez-Coto, Anna Karion, Ariel F. Stein, and O. E. Salmon
Subjects: Estimation, Air pollutants, Greenhouse gas, Environmental Chemistry, Sampling (statistics), Environmental science, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Metropolitan area, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Since greenhouse gas mitigation efforts are mostly being implemented in cities, the ability to quantify emission trends for urban environments is of paramount importance. However, previous aircraft work has indicated large daily variability in the results. Here we use measurements of CO2, CH4, and CO from aircraft over 5 days within an inverse model to estimate emissions from the DC-Baltimore region. Results show good agreement with previous estimates in the area for all three gases. However, aliasing caused by irregular spatiotemporal sampling of emissions is shown to significantly impact both the emissions estimates and their variability. Extensive sensitivity tests allow us to quantify the contributions of different sources of variability and indicate that daily variability in posterior emissions estimates is larger than the uncertainty attributed to the method itself (i.e., 17% for CO2, 24% for CH4, and 13% for CO). Analysis of hourly reported emissions from power plants and traffic counts shows that 97% of the daily variability in posterior emissions estimates is explained by accounting for the sampling in time and space of sources that have large hourly variability and, thus, caution must be taken in properly interpreting variability that is caused by irregular spatiotemporal sampling conditions.
Published: 2020

28. Understanding the Workflow of Home Health Care for Patients with Heart Failure: Challenges and Opportunities

Author: Emily Tseng, Madeline R Sterling, Nicola Dell, Benedetta Piantella, Ariel F Silva, Harveen Kaur, Lisa M. Kern, Mikaela Brown, Fabian Okeke, Peggy B Leung, Amy L Shaw, and Jacklyn Cho
Subjects: Adult, New York, Psychological intervention, Aftercare, 01 natural sciences, Workflow, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Home health, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, Original Research, Heart Failure, Social work, business.industry, Family caregivers, 010102 general mathematics, Health services research, Home Care Services, Focus group, Patient Discharge, business, Qualitative research
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Readmission rates are high among heart failure (HF) patients who require home health care (HHC) after hospitalization. Although HF patients who require HHC are often sicker than those who do not, HHC delivery itself may also be suboptimal. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the workflow of HHC among adults discharged home after a HF hospitalization, including the roles of various stakeholders, and to determine where along these workflow challenges and opportunities for improvement exist. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: In this qualitative study, we used purposeful sampling to approach and recruit a variety of key stakeholders including home health aides, nurses, HF patients, family caregivers, physicians, social workers, home care agency leaders, and policy experts. The study took place in New York, NY, from March to October 2018. APPROACH: Using a semi-structured topic guide, we elicited participants’ experiences with HHC in HF through a combination of one-on-one interviews and focus groups. Data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. We also asked selected participants to depict in a drawing their understanding of HHC workflow after hospitalization for HF patients. We synthesized the drawings into a final image. KEY RESULTS: Study participants (N = 80) described HHC for HF patients occurring in 6 steps, with home health aides playing a main role: (1) transitioning from hospital to home; (2) recognizing clinical changes; (3) making decisions; (4) managing symptoms; (5) asking for help; and (6) calling 911. Participants identified challenges and opportunities for improvement for each step. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that HHC for HF patients occurs in discrete steps, each with different challenges. Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, various interventions may be required to optimize HHC delivery for HF patients in the post-discharge period. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-05675-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2020

29. Influence of Settings and Predictors in Neural Network Model Performance: A Buenos Aires Air Quality Case

Author: Scagliotti, Ariel F., Margarit, David H., Reale, Marcela V., and Jorge, Guillermo A.
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, General Environmental Science
Published: 2022

30. Development and evaluation of an advanced National Air Quality Forecast Capability using the NOAA Global Forecast System version 16

Author: H. C. Huang, Daniel Tong, Ivanka Stajner, Barry Baker, Tanya L. Spero, Li Pan, Youngsun Jung, Jose Tirado-Delgado, Edward Strobach, Patrick C. Campbell, Youhua Tang, Jamese Sims, Rick D. Saylor, Pius Lee, Jianping Huang, Fanglin Yang, Ariel F. Stein, Jeff McQueen, and Robert C. Gilliam
Subjects: Global Forecast System, Data assimilation, Upgrade, Data acquisition, Meteorology, Satellite, Land cover, Air quality index, CMAQ
Abstract: A new dynamical core, known as the Finite Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3) and developed at both NASA and NOAA, is used in NOAA’s Global Forecast System (GFS) and in limited area models (LAMs) for regional weather and air quality applications. NOAA has also upgraded the operational FV3GFS to version 16 (GFSv16), and includes a number of significant developmental advances to the model configuration, data assimilation, and underlying model physics, particularly for atmospheric composition to weather feedback. Concurrent with the GFSv16 upgrade, we couple the GFSv16 with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to form an advanced version of the National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) that will continue to protect human and ecosystem health in the U.S. Here we describe the development of the FV3GFSv16 coupling with a “state-of-the-science” CMAQ model version 5.3.1. The GFS-CMAQ coupling is made possible by the seminal version of the NOAA-ARL Atmosphere-Chemistry Coupler (NACC), which became the next operational NAQFC system (i.e., NACC-CMAQ) on July 20, 2021. NACC-CMAQ has a number of scientific advancements that include satellite- based data acquisition technology to improve land cover and soil characteristics, and inline wildfire smoke and dust predictions that are vital to predictions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations during hazardous events affecting society, ecosystems, and human health. The GFS-driven NACC-CMAQ has significantly different meteorological and chemical predictions than the previous operational NAQFC, where evaluation of NACC-CMAQ shows generally improved near-surface ozone and PM2.5 predictions and diurnal patterns, both of which are extended to a 72-hour (3-day) forecast with this system.
Published: 2021

31. Propagule size and sex ratio influence colonisation dynamics after introduction of a non-native lizard

Author: Amélie Fargevieille, Aaron M. Reedy, Ariel F. Kahrl, Timothy S. Mitchell, Andrew M. Durso, David M. Delaney, Phillip R. Pearson, Robert M. Cox, and Daniel A. Warner
Subjects: Male, Population Dynamics, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Lizards, Seasons, Sex Ratio, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The composition of founding populations plays an important role in colonisation dynamics and can influence population growth during early stages of biological invasion. Specifically, founding populations with small propagules (i.e. low number of founders) are vulnerable to the Allee effect and have reduced likelihood of establishment compared to those with large propagules. The founding sex ratio can also impact establishment via its influence on mating success and offspring production. Our goal was to test the effects of propagule size and sex ratio on offspring production and annual population growth following introductions of a non-native lizard species (Anolis sagrei). We manipulated propagule composition on nine small islands, then examined offspring production, population growth and survival rate of founders and their descendants encompassing three generations. By the third reproductive season, per capita offspring production was higher on islands seeded with a relatively large propagule size, but population growth was not associated with propagule size. Propagule sex ratio did not affect offspring production, but populations with a female-biased propagule had positive growth, whereas those with a male-biased propagule had negative growth in the first year. Populations were not affected by propagule sex ratio in subsequent years, possibly due to rapid shifts towards balanced (or slightly female biased) population sex ratios. Overall, we show that different components of population fitness have different responses to propagule size and sex ratio in ways that could affect early stages of biological invasion. Despite these effects, the short life span and high fecundity of A. sagrei likely helped small populations to overcome Allee effects and enabled all populations to successfully establish. Our rare experimental manipulation of propagule size and sex ratio can inform predictions of colonisation dynamics in response to different compositions of founding populations, which is critical in the context of population ecology and invasion dynamics.
Published: 2021

32. Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Heart Chamber Size in a Large Cohort of Subjects: Comparison of Body Surface Area and Height Indexing to Account for Effects of Obesity

Author: Juan Moukarzel, Eduardo Guevara, Mariano E. Casciaro, Federico N. Guilenea, Ariel F. Pascaner, and Damian Craiem
Subjects: Adult, Male, Body Surface Area, Heart Ventricles, Middle Aged, Body Height, Reference Values, Echocardiography, Humans, Female, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Obesity, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: The assessment of cardiac chamber size in the obese population is a challenging subject. Values usually indexed to body surface area (BSA) are smaller in obese subjects and prone to overcorrection. The aims of this study were to find reference thresholds to account for the effects of obesity among a large cohort of patients and to evaluate indexing to height as an alternative to BSA.The past 10 years of records from a single echocardiography unit were retrospectively analyzed, and 14,007 subjects without known cardiac disease were included (mean age, 45 ± 15 years; 54% women; 20% obese). Measurements included left atrial diameter, area, and volume, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, aortic root diameter, and LV mass. Absolute, BSA-indexed, and height-indexed maximum thresholds (mean + 1.96 SDs) were calculated. Allometric indexing of the form variable/heightsupβ/supwas tested. Correlation coefficients between indexed and absolute values were calculated to evaluate their proportional association (ideally r = 1). Correlations between indexed values and body size represented residual associations to be minimized (ideally r = 0).The strongest association of echocardiographic measurements with body size was observed for BSA (r = 0.36-0.63), whereas the isometric and allometric height models showed lower comparable values (r = 0.28-0.48). Positive correlations with body mass index were mostly observed for left atrial size (r ≈ 0.36) and LV mass (r ≈ 0.36) measurements. Values of the scaling exponent β for allometric height indexing were 1.72 for left atrial volume and 2.33 for LV mass. Correlations between indexed and absolute values were higher for height than BSA (0.80-0.98 vs 0.44-0.92). Correlations between indexed values and height were closer to 0 than for BSA, particularly using the allometric model. The overcorrection observed with increasing obesity class after BSA indexing was avoided after height indexing.Unlike BSA, height indexing provided adequate body size scaling of left heart chamber size, avoiding overcorrection using allometric models in particular.
Published: 2022

33. Selection on Sperm Count, but Not on Sperm Morphology or Velocity, in a Wild Population of

Author: Ariel F, Kahrl, Matthew C, Kustra, Aaron M, Reedy, Rachana S, Bhave, Heidi A, Seears, Daniel A, Warner, and Robert M, Cox
Subjects: Male, ejaculate traits, Sperm Count, urogenital system, Lizards, Spermatozoa, Article, sperm competition, multivariate selection, wild population, Phenotype, Animals, Female, Anolis
Abstract: Sperm competition is a widespread phenomenon that shapes male reproductive success. Ejaculates present many potential targets for postcopulatory selection (e.g., sperm morphology, count, and velocity), which are often highly correlated and potentially subject to complex multivariate selection. Although multivariate selection on ejaculate traits has been observed in laboratory experiments, it is unclear whether selection is similarly complex in wild populations, where individuals mate frequently over longer periods of time. We measured univariate and multivariate selection on sperm morphology, sperm count, and sperm velocity in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). We conducted a mark-recapture study with genetic parentage assignment to estimate individual reproductive success. We found significant negative directional selection and negative quadratic selection on sperm count, but we did not detect directional or quadratic selection on any other sperm traits, nor did we detect correlational selection on any trait combinations. Our results may reflect pressure on males to produce many small ejaculates and mate frequently over a six-month reproductive season. This study is the first to measure multivariate selection on sperm traits in a wild population and provides an interesting contrast to experimental studies of external fertilizers, which have found complex multivariate selection on sperm phenotypes.
Published: 2021

34. Sperm morphology and count vary with fine-scale changes in local density in a wild lizard population

Author: Robert M. Cox, Aaron M. Reedy, Ariel F. Kahrl, Daniel A. Warner, and Matthew C. Kustra
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, endocrine system, Anolis sagrei, Population, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Anolis, Sexual Behavior, Animal, 03 medical and health sciences, Sperm Midpiece, Animals, Sex Ratio, Operational sex ratio, education, Sperm competition, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Islands, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, urogenital system, Behavioral Ecology–Original Research, Lizards, Brown anole, biology.organism_classification, Spermatozoa, Sperm, Postcopulatory sexual selection, Phenotype, Spermatogenesis
Abstract: Given that sperm production can be costly, theory predicts that males should optimally adjust the quantity and/or quality of their sperm in response to their social environment to maximize their paternity success. Although experiments demonstrate that males can alter their ejaculates in response to manipulations of the social environment and studies show that ejaculate traits covary with social environment across populations, it is unknown whether individual variation in sperm traits corresponds to natural variation found within wild populations. Using an island population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei), we tested the prediction that sperm traits (sperm count, sperm morphology, sperm velocity) respond to natural variation in the risk of sperm competition, as inferred from the local density and operational sex ratio (OSR) of conspecifics. We found that males living in high-density areas of the island produced relatively larger sperm midpieces, smaller sperm heads, and lower sperm counts. Sperm traits were unrelated to OSR after accounting for the covariance between OSR and density. Our findings broaden the implications of sperm competition theory to intrapopulation social environment variation by showing that sperm count and sperm morphology vary with fine-scale differences in density within a single wild population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00442-019-04511-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019

35. Sexual selection and the evolution of sperm morphology in sharks

Author: Eduardo Garza-Gisholt, Lisa Locatello, Eva Giacomello, Fábio H. V. Hazin, Jonathan P. Evans, Shaun P. Collin, Annika Boussard, Amy G Rowley, Cristina Porcu, John L. Fitzpatrick, Ariel F. Kahrl, Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez, Ryan M. Kempster, Mariana Gomes do Rêgo, Carlotta Mazzoldi, Toby S. Daly-Engel, and Maria Cristina Follesa
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, Sperm morphology, Flagellum, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Sperm competition, elasmobranch, sperm morphology, Animals, Mating, Phylogeny, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Elasmobranch, Models, Genetic, Sperm flagellum, urogenital system, Vertebrate, Sex Determination Processes, Biological Evolution, Spermatozoa, Sperm, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Sexual selection, Sharks, Female
Abstract: Post-copulatory sexual selection, and sperm competition in particular, is a powerful selective force shaping the evolution of sperm morphology. Although mounting evidence suggests that post-copulatory sexual selection influences the evolution of sperm morphology among species, recent evidence also suggests that sperm competition influences variation in sperm morphology at the intraspecific level. However, contradictory empirical results and limited taxonomic scope have led to difficulty in assessing the generality of sperm morphological responses to variation in the strength of sperm competition. Here, we use phylogenetically controlled analyses to explore the effects of sperm competition on sperm morphology and variance in sharks, a basal vertebrate group characterized by wide variation in rates of multiple mating by females, and consequently sperm competition risk. Our analyses reveal that shark species experiencing greater levels of sperm competition produce sperm with longer flagella and that sperm flagellum length is less variable in species under higher sperm competition risk. In contrast, neither the length of the sperm head and midpiece nor variation in sperm head and midpiece length was associated with sperm competition risk. Our findings demonstrate that selection influences both the inter- and intraspecific variation in sperm morphology and suggest that the flagellum is an important target of sexual selection in sharks. These findings provide important insight into patterns of selection on the ejaculate in a basal vertebrate lineage.
Published: 2019

36. Low-level parental mosaicism affects the recurrence risk of holoprosencephaly

Author: Seth I. Berger, Maximilian Muenke, Paul Kruszka, Erich Roessler, Ariel F. Martinez, and Ping Hu
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Proband, Heterozygote, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Genetic counseling, Biology, law.invention, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Holoprosencephaly, Recurrence, Risk Factors, law, medicine, Humans, Digital polymerase chain reaction, Allele, Alleles, Genetics (clinical), Polymerase chain reaction, Genetics, Mosaicism, Genetic Variation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, medicine.disease, Pedigree, 030104 developmental biology, Cohort, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: De novo variants (DNVs) represent an important fraction of the pathogenic variant burden in holoprosencephaly (HPE). However, unexpected recurrences can occur, as evidenced by multiple affected children harboring the same apparently DNV. This study was performed to estimate the rate of parental mosaicism in a cohort of patients with HPE. We developed a targeted capture next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 153 genes with potential implication in HPE. Sequencing data from a cohort of 136 HPE family trios were analyzed to identify probands with apparently DNVs. DNVs were examined in the proband and their parents to detect any deviations from the expected ~50/50 allele ratio of true heterozygosity. Selected variants were confirmed by Droplet Digital™ polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). We identified 28 high-confidence DNVs, 20 of which occurred in known HPE genes. Nineteen of the 20 variants (95%) were pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Sequence data analysis showed evidence of parental mosaicism in five cases, for an overall mosaicism rate of 26%. In addition, we found evidence for likely postzygotic events in four cases (50%). High sensitivity methods, such as high-depth NGS and ddPCR, are essential to providing an accurate assessment of recurrence risk in HPE families with apparently DNVs.
Published: 2019

37. Intercomparison of atmospheric trace gas dispersion models: Barnett Shale case study

Author: Anna Karion, Ariel F. Stein, K. L. Mueller, James R. Whetstone, Z. Barkley, Colm Sweeney, Wayne M. Angevine, Aijun Deng, Israel Lopez Coto, Thomas Lauvaux, Sharon Gourdji, Arlyn E. Andrews, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, and NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Methane, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Natural gas, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Atmospheric methane, lcsh:QC1-999, Trace gas, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, business, Dispersion (chemistry), Oil shale, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation requires understanding the dominant processes controlling fluxes of these trace gases at increasingly finer spatial and temporal scales. Trace gas fluxes can be estimated using a variety of approaches that translate observed atmospheric species mole fractions into fluxes or emission rates, often identifying the spatial and temporal characteristics of the emission sources as well. Meteorological models are commonly combined with tracer dispersion models to estimate fluxes using an inverse approach that optimizes emissions to best fit the trace gas mole fraction observations. One way to evaluate the accuracy of atmospheric flux estimation methods is to compare results from independent methods, including approaches in which different meteorological and tracer dispersion models are used. In this work, we use a rich data set of atmospheric methane observations collected during an intensive airborne campaign to compare different methane emissions estimates from the Barnett Shale oil and natural gas production basin in Texas, USA. We estimate emissions based on a variety of different meteorological and dispersion models. Previous estimates of methane emissions from this region relied on a simple model (a mass balance analysis) as well as on ground-based measurements and statistical data analysis (an inventory). We find that in addition to meteorological model choice, the choice of tracer dispersion model also has a significant impact on the predicted downwind methane concentrations given the same emissions field. The dispersion models tested often underpredicted the observed methane enhancements with significant variability (up to a factor of 3) between different models and between different days. We examine possible causes for this result and find that the models differ in their simulation of vertical dispersion, indicating that additional work is needed to evaluate and improve vertical mixing in the tracer dispersion models commonly used in regional trace gas flux inversions.
Published: 2019

38. Rapid evolution of testis size relative to sperm morphology suggests that post‐copulatory selection targets sperm number in Anolis lizards

Author: Ariel F. Kahrl, Michele A. Johnson, and Robert M. Cox
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, Biology, Flagellum, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Anolis, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Testis, Sperm Midpiece, Animals, Sperm competition, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sperm Count, urogenital system, Lizard, Lizards, Organ Size, Mating Preference, Animal, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Spermatozoa, Sperm, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Sexual selection, Spermatogenesis
Abstract: Post-copulatory sexual selection is thought to be responsible for much of the extraordinary diversity in sperm morphology across metazoans. However, the extent to which post-copulatory selection targets sperm morphology versus sperm production is generally unknown. To address this issue, we simultaneously characterized the evolution of sperm morphology (length of the sperm head, midpiece and flagellum) and testis size (a proxy for sperm production) across 26 species of Anolis lizards, a group in which sperm competition is likely. We found that the length of the sperm midpiece has evolved 2-3 times faster than that of the sperm head or flagellum, suggesting that midpiece size may be the most important aspect of sperm morphology with respect to post-copulatory sexual selection. However, testis size has evolved faster than any aspect of sperm morphology or body size, supporting the hypothesis that post-copulatory sexual selection acts more strongly upon sperm production than upon sperm morphology. Likewise, evolutionary increases in testis size, which typically indicate increased sperm competition, are not associated with predictable changes in sperm morphology, suggesting that any effects of post-copulatory selection on sperm morphology are either weak or variable in direction across anoles. Collectively, our results suggest that sperm production is the primary target of post-copulatory sexual selection in this lineage.
Published: 2019

39. Determination of Kinetic Properties in Unimolecular Dissociation of Complex Systems from Graph-Theory Based Analysis of an Ensemble of Reactive Trajectories

Author: Riccardo Spezia, Ariel F. Perez-Mellor, Laboratoire Analyse, Modélisation et Matériaux pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE - UMR 8587), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire de chimie théorique (LCT), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, 010304 chemical physics, 010401 analytical chemistry, Complex system, General Physics and Astronomy, Graph theory, Kinetic energy, Threshold energy, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical species, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), 0103 physical sciences, Mass spectrum, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Statistical physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Constant (mathematics)
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we report how graph-theory can be used to analyze an ensemble of independent molecular trajectories which can react during the simulation time-length and obtain structural and kinetic information. The method is totally general and here is applied to the prototypical case of gas phase fragmentation of protonated cyclo-di-glycine. The methodology allows to analyze the whole set of trajectories in an automatic computer-based way without the need of visual inspection, but getting all the needed information. In particular, we not only determine the appearance of different products and intermediates, but we can characterize the corresponding kinetics. The use of colored-graph and canonical labeling allows the correct characterization of the chemical species involved. In the present case, the simulations consist of an ensemble of unimolecular fragmentation trajectories at constant energy, such that from the rate constants at different energies the threshold energy can also be obtained for both global and specific pathways. This approach allows the characterization of ion-molecule complexes, likely through a roaming mechanism, by properly taking into account the elusive nature of such species. Finally, it is possible to obtain directly the theoretical mass spectrum of the fragmenting species if the reacting system is an ion, as in the specific example.
Published: 2021

40. Incorporating features from the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model into the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model: a unified dispersion model for time-forward and time-reversed applications

Author: Ariel F. Stein, John C. Lin, Christopher P. Loughner, and Benjamin Fasoli
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, symbols.namesake, Stilt, biology, Dispersion (optics), symbols, HYSPLIT, Particle, Environmental science, Mechanics, biology.organism_classification, Trajectory (fluid mechanics), Lagrangian
Abstract: The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is a state-of-the-science atmospheric dispersion model that is developed and maintained at the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Air Resources Laboratory (ARL). In the early 2000s, HYSPLIT served as the starting point for development of the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model that emphasizes backward-in-time dispersion simulations to determine source regions of receptors. STILT continued its separate development and gained a wide user base. Since STILT was built on a now outdated version of HYSPLIT and lacks long-term institutional support to maintain the model, incorporating STILT features into HYSPLIT allows these features to stay up to date. This paper describes the STILT features incorporated into HYSPLIT, which include: a new vertical interpolation algorithm for WRF derived meteorological input files, a detailed algorithm for estimating boundary layer height, a new turbulence parameterization, a vertical Lagrangian timescale that varies in time and space, a complex dispersion algorithm, and two new convection schemes. An evaluation of these new features was performed using tracer release data from the Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment and the Across North America Tracer Experiment. Results show the dispersion module from STILT, which takes up to double the amount of time to run, is less dispersive in the vertical and in better agreement with observations than the existing HYSPLIT option. The other new modeling features from STILT were not consistently statistically different than existing HYSPLIT options. Forward-time simulations from the new model were also compared against backward-time equivalents and found to be statistically comparable to one another.
Published: 2021

41. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1

Author: Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie H, Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis E, Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon E, Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat B, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed N, Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia V, Ahmad, S Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair M, Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed M, Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay A, Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugènia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo D, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C, Álvarez, Élida MC, Alves, Sara, Alves Da Costa, Cristine, Alzaharna, Mazen M, Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal O, Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig U, Andrabi, Shaida A, Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen M, Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche C, Ansari, Mohammad Y, Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Antón, Zuriñe, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araújo, Wagner L, Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arévalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R, Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela S, Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Rubén, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas G, Au, Alicia K, Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger W, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Ávalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Célia Alexandra, Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan M, Backues, Steven K, Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H, Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima T, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bánréti, Ágnes, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio S, Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barilà, Daniela, Barlow, Peter G, Barmada, Sami J, Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George E, Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav R, Basagoudanavar, Suresh H, Bassham, Diane C, Bast, Robert C, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne E, Baumgarner, Bradley L, Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz RG, Beck, George R, Beers, Michael F, Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg MN, Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Belló Pérez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, Beltran, Jackeline Soares De Oliveira, Beltran, Sebastián, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno A, Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin W, Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amélie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri G, Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie M, Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena S, Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor J, Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor A, Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa B, Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice S, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan S, Boone, Brian A, Bootman, Martin D, Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat C, Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jürgen, Bose, Santanu, Botana, Luis M, Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal M, Boulton, Michael E, Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig M, Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter V, Bozi, Luiz HM, Bozkurt, Tolga O, Brackney, Doug E, Brandts, Christian H, Braun, Ralf J, Braus, Gerhard H, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, José M, Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Brodsky, Jeffrey L, Brody, Steven L, Bronson, Paola G, Bronstein, Jeff M, Brown, Carolyn N, Brown, Rhoderick E, Brum, Patricia C, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J, Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J Ross, Buckingham, Erin M, Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph R, Burón, M Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Büttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairó, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose A, Caldwell, Guy A, Caldwell, Kim A, Call, Jarrod A, Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana C, Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel, Camara, Niels Os, Camonis, Jacques H, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward M, Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane C, Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, Candido De Almeida, Danilo, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Cantí, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Caramés, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie H, Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra M, Carew, Jennifer S, Carle, Georges F, Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A, Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian M, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo F, Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel F, Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio D, Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria L, Cebollada Rica, Paula, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria, Cerqueira, João J, Cerutti, Janete M, Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, Mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David W, Chan, Edmond YW, Chan, Edward D, Chan, HY Edwin, Chan, Helen H, Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew TV, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha K, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail K, Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frédéric, Cheetham, Michael E, Chen, Chang-Shi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam L, Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, Mu-Kuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, Xin-Ming, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian J, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris V, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard J, Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash I, Chiurchiù, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine MK, Choi, Mary E, Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman S, Chu, Charleen T, Chua, Jason P, Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona A, Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael J, Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana M, Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael M, Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert A, Colell, Anna, Čolić, Miodrag, Coll, Nuria S, Collins, Mark O, Colombo, María I, Colón-Ramos, Daniel A, Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Márcia R, Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark R, Coombs, Kevin M, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale P, Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria Do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter J, Crespo, Jose L, Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea C, Cybulsky, Andrey V, Czaja, Mark J, Czuczwar, Stanislaw J, D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew C, D'Orazi, Gabriella, Da Silva, James A, Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben K, Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico P, Darling, April L, Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh K, Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian N, Davies, Jeffrey S, Dávila, Valeria A, Davis, Roger J, Davis, Tanja, Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, De Mattos Barbosa, Mayara G, De Meyer, Guido RY, De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian J, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deehan, Mark A, Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe R, Delbridge, Lea MD, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas D, Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin L, Der, Channing J, Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, Di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni M, Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Dickinson, Jared M, Diederich, Marc, Dieudé, Mélanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinić, Jelena, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T, Dionne, Marc S, Distler, Jörg HW, Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian MC, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick CJ, Đokić, Jelena, Dokmeci Emre, Serap, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, Dorn Ii, Gerald W, Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, Du Toit, André, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sónia P, Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine A, Dupont, Nicolas, Durán, Raúl V, Dwarakanath, Bilikere S, Dyshlovoy, Sergey A, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L, Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman S, Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides G, Elizalde, María M, Elks, Philip M, Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam S, Emerling, Brooke M, Emre, NC Tolga, Eng, Christina H, Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete ST, Enserink, Jorrit M, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex C, Fairlie, W Douglas, Falcó, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn H, Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro F, Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony O, Feldman, Arthur M, Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Fenz Araujo, Thais, Ferguson, Thomas A, Fernández, Álvaro F, Fernandez-Checa, Jose C, Fernández-Veledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair R, Ferrante, Anthony W, Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari F, Ferreira, Julio CB, Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward A, Fisher, Paul B, Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven J, Flo, Trude H, Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward A, Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa B, Friedman, Scott L, Fröhlich, Leopold F, Frühbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose M, Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela U, Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria F, Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian G, Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noé, Garcia, Verónica E, García-Del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, Garcia-Garcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, García-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, García-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek D, Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert F, Gassen, Nils C, Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian E, Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David A, Ghasemipour Afshar, Elham, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary E, Gibson, Spencer B, Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen E, Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, Sylvie, Giustiniani, Julien, Gluschko, Alexander, Goder, Veit, Goginashvili, Alexander, Golab, Jakub, Goldstone, David C, Golebiewska, Anna, Gomes, Luciana R, Gomez, Rodrigo, Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén, Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes, Raquel, Gong, Qingqiu, Goni, Felix M, González-Gallego, Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa A, Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose A, González-Rodríguez, Patricia, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk, Marina S, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, Görgülü, Kıvanç, Gorojod, Roxana M, Gorski, Sharon M, Goruppi, Sandro, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta A, Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graef, Martin, Gräler, Markus H, Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel, Gray, Joshua P, Green, Douglas R, Greenhough, Alexander, Gregory, Stephen L, Griffin, Edward F, Grinstaff, Mark W, Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Gross, Angelina S, Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Gu, Xueyan, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guardia, Carlos M, Guda, Kishore, Guerra, Flora, Guerri, Consuelo, Guha, Prasun, Guillén, Carlos, Gujar, Shashi, Gukovskaya, Anna, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Günther, Andreas, Guntur, Anyonya R, Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Chun, Guo, Hongqing, Guo, Lian-Wang, Guo, Ming, Gupta, Pawan, Gupta, Shashi Kumar, Gupta, Swapnil, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek, Gustafsson, Asa B, Gutterman, David D, H B, Ranjitha, Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Haber, James E, Hać, Aleksandra, Hadano, Shinji, Hafrén, Anders J, Haidar, Mansour, Hall, Belinda S, Halldén, Gunnel, Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Weidong, Hansen, Malene, Hanson, Phyllis I, Hao, Zijian, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Hariharan, Nirmala, Haroon, Nigil, Harris, James, Hasegawa, Takafumi, Hasima Nagoor, Noor, Haspel, Jeffrey A, Haucke, Volker, Hawkins, Wayne D, Hay, Bruce A, Haynes, Cole M, Hayrabedyan, Soren B, Hays, Thomas S, He, Congcong, He, Qin, He, Rong-Rong, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heakal, Yasser, Heberle, Alexander M, Hejtmancik, J Fielding, Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc, Hergovich, Alexander, Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna, Hernández, Agustín, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervás, Javier H, Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker T, Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A, Hlavacek, William S, Ho, Emmanuel A, Ho, Idy HT, Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, Shu-Leong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter HM, Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Höhn, 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Antonia P, Sahay, Gaurav, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahin, Mustafa, Sahin, Ozgur, Sahni, Sumit, Saito, Nayuta, Saito, Shigeru, Saito, Tsunenori, Sakai, Ryohei, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Sakamaki, Jun-Ichi, Saksela, Kalle, Salazar, Gloria, Salazar-Degracia, Anna, Salekdeh, Ghasem H, Saluja, Ashok K, Sampaio-Marques, Belém, Sanchez, Maria Cecilia, Sanchez-Alcazar, Jose A, Sanchez-Vera, Victoria, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sanderson, J Thomas, Sandri, Marco, Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santana, Magda M, Santoni, Giorgio, Sanz, Alberto, Sanz, Pascual, Saran, Shweta, Sardiello, Marco, Sargeant, Timothy J, Sarin, Apurva, Sarkar, Chinmoy, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarrias, Maria-Rosa, Sarkar, Surajit, Sarmah, Dipanka Tanu, Sarparanta, Jaakko, Sathyanarayan, Aishwarya, Sathyanarayanan, Ranganayaki, Scaglione, K Matthew, Scatozza, Francesca, Schaefer, Liliana, Schafer, Zachary T, Schaible, Ulrich E, Schapira, Anthony HV, Scharl, Michael, Schatzl, Hermann M, Schein, Catherine H, Scheper, Wiep, Scheuring, 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Anthony, Sinha, Sangita, Sirko, Agnieszka, Sirohi, Kapil, Sivridis, Efthimios L, Skendros, Panagiotis, Skirycz, Aleksandra, Slaninová, Iva, Smaili, Soraya S, Smertenko, Andrei, Smith, Matthew D, Soenen, Stefaan J, Sohn, Eun Jung, Sok, Sophia PM, Solaini, Giancarlo, Soldati, Thierry, Soleimanpour, Scott A, Soler, Rosa M, Solovchenko, Alexei, Somarelli, Jason A, Sonawane, Avinash, Song, Fuyong, Song, Hyun Kyu, Song, Ju-Xian, Song, Kunhua, Song, Zhiyin, Soria, Leandro R, Sorice, Maurizio, Soukas, Alexander A, Soukup, Sandra-Fausia, Sousa, Diana, Sousa, Nadia, Spagnuolo, Paul A, Spector, Stephen A, Srinivas Bharath, MM, St Clair, Daret, Stagni, Venturina, Staiano, Leopoldo, Stalnecker, Clint A, Stankov, Metodi V, Stathopulos, Peter B, Stefan, Katja, Stefan, Sven Marcel, Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S, Steinkasserer, Alexander, Stenmark, Harald, Sterneckert, Jared, Stevens, Craig, Stoka, Veronika, Storch, Stephan, Stork, Björn, Strappazzon, Flavie, Strohecker, Anne Marie, Stupack, Dwayne G, Su, Huanxing, Su, Ling-Yan, Su, Longxiang, Suarez-Fontes, Ana M, Subauste, Carlos S, Subbian, Selvakumar, Subirada, Paula V, Sudhandiran, Ganapasam, Sue, Carolyn M, Sui, Xinbing, Summers, Corey, Sun, Guangchao, Sun, Jun, Sun, Kang, Sun, Meng-Xiang, Sun, Qiming, Sun, Yi, Sun, Zhongjie, Sunahara, Karen KS, Sundberg, Eva, Susztak, Katalin, Sutovsky, Peter, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Sweeney, Gary, Symons, J David, Sze, Stephen Cho Wing, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J, Tabęcka-Łonczynska, Anna, Tabolacci, Claudio, Tacke, Frank, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Tagaya, Mitsuo, Tai, Haoran, Tait, Stephen WG, Takahashi, Yoshinori, Takats, Szabolcs, Talwar, Priti, Tam, Chit, Tam, Shing Yau, Tampellini, Davide, Tamura, Atsushi, Tan, Chong Teik, Tan, Eng-King, Tan, Ya-Qin, Tanaka, Masaki, Tanaka, Motomasa, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Jingfeng, Tang, Tie-Shan, Tanida, Isei, Tao, Zhipeng, Taouis, Mohammed, Tatenhorst, Lars, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Allen, Taylor, Gregory A, Taylor, Joan M, Tchetina, Elena, Tee, Andrew R, Tegeder, Irmgard, Teis, David, Teixeira, Natercia, Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima, Tekirdag, Kumsal A, Tencomnao, Tewin, Tenreiro, Sandra, Tepikin, Alexei V, Testillano, Pilar S, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Thedieck, Kathrin, Thekkinghat, Arvind A, Thellung, Stefano, Thinwa, Josephine W, Thirumalaikumar, VP, Thomas, Sufi Mary, Thomes, Paul G, Thorburn, Andrew, Thukral, Lipi, Thum, Thomas, Thumm, Michael, Tian, Ling, Tichy, Ales, Till, Andreas, Timmerman, Vincent, Titorenko, Vladimir I, Todi, Sokol V, Todorova, Krassimira, Toivonen, Janne M, Tomaipitinca, Luana, Tomar, Dhanendra, Tomas-Zapico, Cristina, Tomić, Sergej, Tong, Benjamin Chun-Kit, Tong, Chao, Tong, Xin, Tooze, Sharon A, Torgersen, Maria L, Torii, Satoru, Torres-López, Liliana, Torriglia, Alicia, Towers, Christina G, Towns, Roberto, Toyokuni, Shinya, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Tramontano, Donatella, Tran, Quynh-Giao, Travassos, Leonardo H, Trelford, Charles B, Tremel, Shirley, Trougakos, Ioannis P, Tsao, Betty P, Tschan, Mario P, Tse, Hung-Fat, Tse, Tak Fu, Tsugawa, Hitoshi, Tsvetkov, Andrey S, Tumbarello, David A, Tumtas, Yasin, Tuñón, María J, Turcotte, Sandra, Turk, Boris, Turk, Vito, Turner, Bradley J, Tuxworth, Richard I, Tyler, Jessica K, Tyutereva, Elena V, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ugun-Klusek, Aslihan, Uhlig, Holm H, Ułamek-Kozioł, Marzena, Ulasov, Ilya V, Umekawa, Midori, Ungermann, Christian, Unno, Rei, Urbe, Sylvie, Uribe-Carretero, Elisabet, Üstün, Suayib, Uversky, Vladimir N, Vaccari, Thomas, Vaccaro, Maria I, Vahsen, Björn F, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut, Valente, Maria J, Valko, Ayelén, Vallee, Richard B, Valverde, Angela M, Van Den Berghe, Greet, Van Der Veen, Stijn, Van Kaer, Luc, Van Loosdregt, Jorg, Van Wijk, Sjoerd JL, Vandenberghe, Wim, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vannier-Santos, Marcos A, Vannini, Nicola, Vanrell, M Cristina, Vantaggiato, Chiara, Varano, Gabriele, Varela-Nieto, Isabel, Varga, Máté, Vasconcelos, M Helena, Vats, Somya, Vavvas, Demetrios G, Vega-Naredo, Ignacio, Vega-Rubin-De-Celis, Silvia, Velasco, Guillermo, Velázquez, Ariadna P, Vellai, Tibor, Vellenga, Edo, Velotti, Francesca, Verdier, Mireille, Verginis, Panayotis, Vergne, Isabelle, Verkade, Paul, Verma, Manish, Verstreken, Patrik, Vervliet, Tim, Vervoorts, Jörg, Vessoni, Alexandre T, Victor, Victor M, Vidal, Michel, Vidoni, Chiara, Vieira, Otilia V, Vierstra, Richard D, Viganó, Sonia, Vihinen, Helena, Vijayan, Vinoy, Vila, Miquel, Vilar, Marçal, Villalba, José M, Villalobo, Antonio, Villarejo-Zori, Beatriz, Villarroya, Francesc, Villarroya, Joan, Vincent, Olivier, Vindis, Cecile, Viret, Christophe, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Visnjic, Dora, Vitale, Ilio, Vocadlo, David J, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V, Volonté, Cinzia, Volta, Mattia, Vomero, Marta, Von Haefen, Clarissa, Vooijs, Marc A, Voos, Wolfgang, Vucicevic, Ljubica, Wade-Martins, Richard, Waguri, Satoshi, Waite, Kenrick A, Wakatsuki, Shuji, Walker, David W, Walker, Mark J, Walker, Simon A, Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco G, Wang, Bo, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei, Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fangyang, Wang, Feng, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Guansong, Wang, Han, Wang, Hao, Wang, Hexiang, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang, Wang, Jiou, Wang, Jundong, Wang, Kui, Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming, Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing, Wang, Nanbu, Wang, Pengwei, Wang, Peipei, Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun, Wang, Qing, Wang, Qing Kenneth, Wang, Qiong A, Wang, Wen-Tao, Wang, Wuyang, Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang, Wang, Yanzhuang, Wang, Yen-Yun, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Yuqi, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhouguang, Warnes, Gary, Warnsmann, Verena, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne, Wawrzyńska, Anna, Weaver, Timothy E, Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann M, Wei, Huafeng, Wei, Lei, Wei, Taotao, Wei, Yongjie, Weiergräber, Oliver H, Weihl, Conrad C, Weindl, Günther, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Wells, Alan, Wen, Runxia H, Wen, Xin, Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice, Wheatley, Sally P, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J, Wiktorska, Katarzyna, Wildenberg, Manon E, Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin SB, Williams, Roger L, Williamson, Peter R, Wilson, Richard A, Winner, Beate, Winsor, Nathaniel J, Witkin, Steven S, Wodrich, Harald, Woehlbier, Ute, Wollert, Thomas, Wong, Esther, Wong, Jack Ho, Wong, Richard W, Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Wong, W Wei-Lynn, Wu, An-Guo, Wu, Chengbiao, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Kenneth K, Wu, Min, Wu, Shan-Ying, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, Shu-Yan, Wu, Shufang, Wu, William KK, Wu, Xiaohong, Wu, Xiaoqing, Wu, Yao-Wen, Wu, Yihua, Xavier, Ramnik J, Xia, Hongguang, Xia, Lixin, Xia, Zhengyuan, Xiang, Ge, Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xiao, Guozhi, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Hong-Tao, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Yin, Xie, Baoming, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Min, Xie, Yuxiang, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Jing, Xu, JinRong, Xu, Liang, Xu, Wen Wen, Xu, Xiulong, Xue, Yu, Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna MS, Yamaguchi, Masamitsu, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin, Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Chuanbin, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan, Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Jing, Yang, Jingyu, Yang, Ling, Yang, Liu, Yang, Ming, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Qian, Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu, Yang, Shun-Fa, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xiaoyong, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yao, Honghong, Yao, Shenggen, Yao, Xiaoqiang, Yao, Yong-Gang, Yao, Yong-Ming, Yasui, Takahiro, Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yen, Paul M, Yi, Cong, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yin, Yanhai, Yin, Zhangyuan, Yin, Ziyi, Ying, Meidan, Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin K, Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung, Yoo, Young H, Yoshida, Kiyotsugu, Yoshii, Saori R, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan, Yu, Haiyang, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor C, Yu, W Haung, Yu, Zhengping, Yu, Zhou, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Ling-Qing, Yuan, Shilin, Yuan, Shyng-Shiou F, Yuan, Yanggang, Yuan, Zengqiang, Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Jeanho, Yung, Raymond L, Zacks, David N, Zaffagnini, Gabriele, Zambelli, Vanessa O, Zanella, Isabella, Zang, Qun S, Zanivan, Sara, Zappavigna, Silvia, Zaragoza, Pilar, Zarbalis, Konstantinos S, Zarebkohan, Amir, Zarrouk, Amira, Zeitlin, Scott O, Zeng, Jialiu, Zeng, Ju-Deng, Žerovnik, Eva, Zhan, Lixuan, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Donna D, Zhang, Hanlin, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Honghe, Zhang, Huafeng, Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Hui, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianbin, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Kalin YB, Zhang, Leshuai W, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Lisheng, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Luoying, Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Sheng, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Xinxin, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ying-Dong, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yuan-Yuan, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhengguang, Zhang, Zhibing, Zhang, Zhihai, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zili, Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Tongbiao, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yongliang, Zhao, Yuting, Zheng, Guoping, Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling, Zheng, Shizhong, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Yi, Zheng, Zu-Guo, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben, Zhou, Cefan, Zhou, Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Hongbo, Zhou, Jie, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Jiyong, Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia, Zhou, Xu-Jie, Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong, Zhou, Yubin, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhou, Zhou, Zhu, Binglin, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Guo-Qing, Zhu, Haining, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Yanping, Zhu, Yushan, Zhuang, Haixia, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna, Zimmermann, Christine M, Ziviani, Elena, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorov, Dmitry B, Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen, Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven, Zwerschke, Werner, Brand-Saberi, Beate, Dong, X Charlie, Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo, Lin, Yong, Oshima, Shigeru, Rong, Yueguang, Sluimer, Judith C, Stallings, Christina L, and Tong, Chun-Kit
Subjects: phagophore, vacuole, Autophagosome, neurodegeneration, Autophagosomes, Autophagy-Related Proteins, flux, macroautophagy, stress, LC3, lysosome, Autophagy, cancer, Animals, Humans, Biological Assay, Lysosomes, Biomarkers
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
Published: 2021
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42. Reduction in GHG emissions in the U.S. North East Corridor due to COVID-19 lockdowns as measured by the East Coast Outflow Experiment

Author: James R. Whetstone, Kathryn McKain, John B. Miller, Sharon Gourdji, Eric A. Kort, Colm Sweeney, Russell R. Dickerson, Xinrong Ren, Kevin R. Gurney, Ariel F. Stein, Paul B. Shepson, Brian C. McDonald, I. Lopez-Coto, Geoffrey Roest, Genevieve Plant, and Anna Karion
Subjects: East coast, Oceanography, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Outflow, North east
Abstract: On March 11th , 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the COVID-19 respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as a world wide pandemic which led to a massive slowdown in anthropogenic activity as people attempted to "shelter in place". In response to this slowdown NOAA's Global Monitoring Lab (GML), in collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), University of Michigan, University of Maryland, Stony Brook University and NOAA's Chemical Science and Atmospheric Resource Laboratories, launched a campaign to measure CO2, CH4, and CO emissions from five major cities along the northeast corridor of the US (Washington, D.C., Baltimore, MD, Philadelphia, PA, New York, NY, and Boston, MA). The month-long campaign which lasted from April 16 to May 16 of 2020 mirrored a campaign that was completed exactly two years prior in April and May of 2018 and which enabled direct comparison of CO2, CH4, CO emissions from these five cities before and during SARS-CoV-2.In this work, we used a Bayesian multi-resolution tiered inversion framework to quantify the CO2, CH4 and CO emissions from these urban areas. We used the HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion model to calculate the sensitivity of our aircraft observations to surface fluxes (footprints) using three meteorological drivers (NAM, ERA5 and a custom WRF); using three driver models allowed us to account for uncertainties in the transport. To account for biospheric influences on atmospheric CO2, we used a year-specific VPRM simulation that allowed us to isolate the fossil-fuel contribution and solve for it alone. In addition, we also solved for total CO2 and show that not accounting for biogenic activity in lower latitude urban areas could have led to an overestimation of the observed reduction due to biogenic flux differences between the two years.Results show that systematic reductions in CO2 and CO emissions for the five urban areas occurred in April 2020 with signs of recovery in May 2020, which had larger emissions than April 2020. The observed reductions and evolution are consistent with bottom-up estimations based on mobility metrics, which showed the lowest mobility in April with progressive recovery in May. Fuel use from tax records indicates similar reductions. In addition, we show that changes are not homogeneous in space within the urban metropolitan areas and that CO2 and CO emissions reductions are collocated, showing the largest drops in urban centers and roads. While CO2 and CO estimated reductions and evolution are systematic in all cities, CH4 does not show a clear reduction or consistent pattern among cities during the COVID-19 lock-downs. In fact, all the measured changes for CH4 were lower than the standard errors of the differences, implying that the observed changes in CH4 are not significant. Last, we note that since the same prior emissions, constant in time, were used in all the inversions, the anomalous decrease in posterior emissions and subsequent recovery in CO2 and CO observed during the COVID-19 lock-down period are driven by the atmospheric observations and not by temporal changes in the prior emissions.
Published: 2021

43. Characterization of SALL2 Gene Isoforms and Targets Across Cell Types Reveals Highly Conserved Networks

Author: Carlos F. Aylwin, Carlos Farkas, Claudia Álvarez, Ariel F. Castro, Alejandro Lomniczi, Matias I. Hepp, Roxana Pincheira, Aracelly Quiroz, and Viviana E. Hermosilla
Subjects: Protein isoform, Gene isoform, lcsh:QH426-470, SALL2, Cellular differentiation, HEK 293 cells, isoforms, Promoter, PODXL, Computational biology, Biology, lcsh:Genetics, Gene expression, Genetics, Transcriptional regulation, Molecular Medicine, transcription factor network, Glioblastoma, ENCODE ChIP-seq, Gene, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: The SALL2 transcription factor, an evolutionarily conserved gene through vertebrates, is involved in normal development and neuronal differentiation. In disease, SALL2 is associated with eye, kidney, and brain disorders, but mainly is related to cancer. Some studies support a tumor suppressor role and others an oncogenic role for SALL2, which seems to depend on the cancer type. An additional consideration is tissue-dependent expression of different SALL2 isoforms. Human and mouse SALL2 gene loci contain two promoters, each controlling the expression of a different protein isoform (E1 and E1A). Also, several improvements on the human genome assembly and gene annotation through next-generation sequencing technologies reveal correction and annotation of additional isoforms, obscuring dissection of SALL2 isoform-specific transcriptional targets and functions. We here integrated current data of normal/tumor gene expression databases along with ChIP-seq binding profiles to analyze SALL2 isoforms expression distribution and infer isoform-specific SALL2 targets. We found that the canonical SALL2 E1 isoform is one of the lowest expressed, while the E1A isoform is highly predominant across cell types. To dissect SALL2 isoform-specific targets, we analyzed publicly available ChIP-seq data from Glioblastoma tumor-propagating cells and in-house ChIP-seq datasets performed in SALL2 wild-type and E1A isoform knockout HEK293 cells. Another available ChIP-seq data in HEK293 cells (ENCODE Consortium Phase III) overexpressing a non-canonical SALL2 isoform (short_E1A) was also analyzed. Regardless of cell type, our analysis indicates that the SALL2 long E1 and E1A isoforms, but not short_E1A, are mostly contributing to transcriptional control, and reveals a highly conserved network of brain-specific transcription factors (i.e., SALL3, POU3F2, and NPAS3). Our data integration identified a conserved molecular network in which SALL2 regulates genes associated with neural function, cell differentiation, development, and cell adhesion between others. Also, we identified PODXL as a gene that is likely regulated by SALL2 across tissues. Our study encourages the validation of publicly available ChIP-seq datasets to assess a specific gene/isoform’s transcriptional targets. The knowledge of SALL2 isoforms expression and function in different tissue contexts is relevant to understanding its role in disease.
Published: 2021

44. Exome Sequencing and Congenital Heart Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: Adebowale Adeyemo, Paul Kruszka, Hanhan Liu, Cedrik Tekendo-Ngongang, Akinsanya Olusegun-Joseph, Babajide Owosela, Desmond Ikebudu, Ariel F. Martinez, Zhe Han, Yonit A. Addissie, Ogochukwu J. Sokunbi, Nnenna Kalu, Seth I. Berger, Maximilian Muenke, and Ekanem N. Ekure
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Heart Defects, Congenital, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, Sub saharan, Heart disease, Nigeria, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Global population, 0302 clinical medicine, Loss of Function Mutation, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Animals, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Exome, Exome sequencing, Tetralogy of Fallot, business.industry, Ubiquitin, Myocardium, Infant, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Child, Preschool, Drosophila, Female, RNA Interference, business, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G
Abstract: Background:Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and affects roughly 1% of the global population. There have been many large CHD sequencing projects in developing countries but none in sub-Saharan Africa. In this exome sequencing study, we recruited families from Lagos, Nigeria, affected by structural heart disease.Methods:Ninety-eight participants with CHD and an average age of 3.6 years were recruited from Lagos, Nigeria. Exome sequencing was performed on probands and parents when available. For genes of high interest, we conducted functional studies inDrosophilausing a cardiac-specific RNA interference–based gene silencing system.Results:The 3 most common CHDs were tetralogy of Fallot (20%), isolated ventricular septal defect (14%), and transposition of the great arteries (8%). Ten percent of the cohort had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes known to cause CHD. In 64 complete trios, we found 34 de novo variants that were not present in the African population in the Genome Aggregation Database (v3). Nineteen loss of function variants were identified using the genome-wide distribution of selection effects for heterozygous protein-truncating variants (shet). Nine genes caused a significant mortality when silenced in theDrosophilaheart, including 4 novel disease genes not previously associated with CHD (UBB, EIF4G3, SREBF1, andMETTL23).Conclusions:This study identifies novel candidate genes and variants for CHD and facilitates comparisons with previous CHD sequencing studies in predominantly European cohorts. The study represents an important first step in genomic studies of CHD in understudied populations.Registration:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01952171.
Published: 2021

45. sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547211015426 – Supplemental material for Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25

Author: Cervantes-Henríquez, Martha L., Acosta-López, Johan E., Martinez, Ariel F., Arcos-Burgos, Mauricio, Puentes-Rozo, Pedro J., and Vélez, Jorge I.
Subjects: FOS: Psychology, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, Education
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547211015426 for Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25 by Martha L. Cervantes-Henríquez, Johan E. Acosta-López, Ariel F. Martinez, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Pedro J. Puentes-Rozo and Jorge I. Vélez in Journal of Attention Disorders
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547211015426 – Supplemental material for Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25

Author: Cervantes-Henríquez, Martha L., Acosta-López, Johan E., Martinez, Ariel F., Arcos-Burgos, Mauricio, Puentes-Rozo, Pedro J., and Vélez, Jorge I.
Subjects: FOS: Psychology, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, Education
Abstract: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547211015426 for Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25 by Martha L. Cervantes-Henríquez, Johan E. Acosta-López, Ariel F. Martinez, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Pedro J. Puentes-Rozo and Jorge I. Vélez in Journal of Attention Disorders
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. How Symmetry Influences the Dissociation of Protonated Cyclic Peptides

Author: Ariel F. Pérez-Mellor, Riccardo Spezia, and Anne Zehnacker
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Chemistry (miscellaneous), General Mathematics, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Protonated cyclic dipeptides undergo collision-induced dissociation, and this reaction mechanism strongly depends on the symmetry and the nature of the residues. We review the main dissociation mechanism for a series of cyclic dipeptides, obtained through chemical dynamics simulations. The systems range from the symmetrical cyclo-(glycyl-glycyl), with two possible symmetrical protonation sites located on the peptide ring, to cyclo-(tyrosyl-prolyl), where the symmetry of protonation sites on the peptide ring is broken by the dissimilar nature of the different residues. Finally, cyclo-(phenylalanyl-histidyl) shows a completely asymmetric situation, with the proton located on one of the dipeptide side chains, which explains the peculiar fragmentation mechanism induced by shuttling the proton, whose efficiency is strongly dependent on the relative chirality of the residues.
Published: 2022

48. OH NO! NOT ANOTHER POCKET INFECTION: A DEVICE IMPLANTATION CHALLENGE

Author: Erica G. Otero-Cardenas, Alfredo Lamela, Ariel F. Gonzalez, and Hilton Franqui-Rivera
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022

49. Air quality and aerosol predictions at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and their applications

Author: Pius Lee, D. M. Koch, Partha S. Bhattacharjee, J. McQueen, Ivanka Stajner, Jianping Huang, James M. Wilczak, Li Zhang, Irina Djalalova, Gregory J. Frost, Youhua Tang, Georg Grell, Li Pan, Ariel F. Stein, J. tirado-Delgado, Barry Baker, P. Campbell, H. C. Huang, Ravan Ahmadov, R. D. Saylor, and Daniel Tong
Subjects: Meteorology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Administration (government), Air quality index, General Environmental Science, Aerosol
Published: 2020

50. Sperm competition in squamate reptiles

Author: Ariel F. Kahrl, Christopher R. Friesen, and Mats Olsson
Subjects: Male, endocrine system, urogenital system, Zoology, Lizards, Snakes, Articles, Biology, Sperm, Spermatozoa, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Female sperm storage, Human fertilization, Sexual selection, Fertilization, Sperm morphology, Animals, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Female Reproductive Tract, Sperm competition, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract: Multiple paternity is ubiquitous within the polyphyletic group called ‘reptiles', especially within the lizards and snakes. Therefore, the probability of sperm competition occurring, and being intense, is high. Squamates exhibit a diversity of tactics to ensure fertilization success in the face of sperm competition. The duration of female sperm storage, which can be many months and even years in some species, remains an enigma. Here, we emphasize some mechanisms that might affect patterns of paternity, the source and function of ejaculates and features of the female reproductive tract that may aid in long-term sperm storage. In doing so, we present a new analysis of the relationship between sperm size, the strength of sperm competition and the duration of female sperm storage. Lizards and snakes are a diverse group that has provided many excellent models for the study of an array of life-history strategies. However, when it comes to postcopulatory sexual selection, there is much left to discover. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of sperm competition'.
Published: 2020

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