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Objective. To analyze the relationship between disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, and alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents in a national survey in Mexico. Materials and methods. Data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19 were used. Three levels of DEB were established: no risk (DEB-NR), moderate risk (DEB-MR), and high risk (DEB-HR). An ordinal logistic regression model was performed with level of DEB risk as a dependent variable. Results. National prevalence of DEB-MR was 6.0% (95%CI: 5.6, 6.5), while that of DEB-HR was 1.3% (95%CI: 1.1, 1.6). Suicide attempt (OR= 1.82, 95%CI: 1.02,3.25) and depressive symptoms (OR= 2.6, 95%CI: 1.40,4.98) were associated with being at a higher risk of DEB. Conclusion. Since both depressive symptoms and suicide attempt are associated with DEB, prevention strategies should consider interventions that simultaneously address the various mental health problems present in adolescence.

Objetivo. Identificar cómo se implementa la estrategia de anticoncepción posevento obstétrico (APEO) y analizar las barreras, acciones y recomendaciones para prevenir embara­zos subsecuentes en adolescentes. Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo a través de análisis de contenido de 21 en­trevistas semiestructuradas a personal de salud de instituciones de atención a población sin seguridad social de la Ciudad de México y Morelos. Resultados. La APEO se promueve du­rante el embarazo, parto, posaborto, puerperio y hasta 12 me­ses después del evento obstétrico. La consejería debe abordar, además de información técnica sobre métodos anticonceptivos, otras temáticas clave en relación con los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de los adolescentes. Se identifican barreras personales, institucionales y sociales para la implementación de la estrategia; el personal refiere acciones y recomendaciones específicas para su consolidación. Conclusión. La estrategia de APEO se debe fortalecer para garantizar la oferta de un servicio acorde con las necesidades de las mujeres menores de 20 años, así como diseñar intervenciones basadas en las buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de los prestadores de salud para superar las barreras y lograr periodos intergenésicos más allá de la adolescencia.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Self-applied Children’s Binge Eating Disorder Scale (SA-C-BEDS) as a screening tool for risk of binge eating disorder (BED) in a Mexican child population. Method: the self-applied version of the C-BEDS was translated into Spanish and adapted, and its reliability, and exploratory and confirmatory validity obtained. It was administered to two samples of elementary school pupils from May-July 2022 through an Internet link. Results: a total of 378 children (girls=193 and boys=185) with a mean age of 10.22 years, with no differences by sex, answered the questionnaire. “Eating without being hungry” was the main behavior reported (44.8% and 33.7% in girls and boys), followed by eating associated with a certain mood (25% and 21.8% in girls and boys). The scale was distributed within a single factor with a total explained variance of 55%, a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity, 0.80 on the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and an ordinal Alpha reliability of 0.90. Confirmatory validity demonstrated that the model fits the data and is valid. Conclusion: the SA-C-BEDS is a valid instrument for assessing binge eating behaviors in Mexican children and provides information for identifying and preventing BED cases in a timely manner. Level of evidence: IV

Objective. To analyze the prevalence of domestic violence in adult women during confinement derived from the Covid-19 pandemic and individual, familiar and communitarian associated factors. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis was carried out the 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey on Covid-19, with national representation. A logistic regression model adjusted for the variables of interest was performed. Results. The prevalence was 5.8%. The most reported acts were shouting, insults or threats (4.3%). Most of the women who reported some type of violence in the home had already experienced it before the confinement. Low levels of well-being (OR= 1.96, 95%CI: 1.28,2.99), and living in a home where job was lost due to contingency (OR= 1.96, 95%CI: 1.41,2.73) were associated factors. Conclusions. In care interventions, it is necessary to take into account factors that deepen the vulnerability of women, such as pre-existing violence and loss of employment. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Objetivo. Analizar la prevalencia de violencia en el hogar y factores individuales, familiares y comunitarios asociados en mujeres adultas durante el confinamiento por Covid-19. Material y metodos. Se realizo un analisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion 2020 sobre Covid-19 con representacion nacional. Se utilizo un modelo de regresion logistica ajustado por variables de interes. Resultados. La prevalencia fue de 5.8%. Los actos mas reportados fueron gritos, insultos o amenazas (4.3%). La mayoria de las mujeres que reportaron cualquiera de los tipos de violencia ya la habia experimentado antes del confinamiento. Los niveles bajos de bienestar (RM=1.96, IC95%: 1.28,2.99) y vivir en algun hogar donde se perdio un empleo por la contingencia (RM=1.96, IC95%: 1.41,2.73) resultaron asociados. Conclusiones. En las intervenciones de atencion es necesario tomar en cuenta factores que profundizan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres como la violencia preexistente y la perdida de empleo. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Salud Publica de Mexico is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El enfoque de la regulación francesa analiza la reproducción social, integrando el régimen socioeconómico y las variedades del capitalismo. Este enfoque es utili­zado para reflexionar los efectos de la propagación del COVID-19 en México, e identificar si las acciones del Gobierno y empresarios durante la coyuntura, per­filan una trayectoria alternativa al neoliberalismo. Las acciones desplegadas en el nivel macroeconómico y mesoeconómico por parte de esos actores bloquean el cambio institucional, al tiempo que exhiben el desplazamiento de la soberanía popular por la judicialización, que se posiciona como fuente significativa de la construcción del espacio económico.

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This study estimates the contribution of second and higher-order births to the adolescent fertility rate in Mexico from 2006 to 2014. We used data from nationally representative surveys for 2006, 2009, and 2014 to estimate the adolescent fertility rate, and the first, second, and higher-order birth components for the triennium prior to each survey at the national and state level. Our results showed that the second and higher-order component was 16.3 births per 1,000 women in 2003-05, 14.9 in 2006-08, and 16.9 in 2011-13. Second and higher-order births represented 25.9 percent of all teen births in 2003-05, 21.6 percent in 2006-08, and 21.9 percent in 2011-13. Second and higher-order births were heterogeneous across states. We found that second and higher-order births are highly prevalent and important contributors to the adolescent fertility rate. Postponing second and higher-order births would benefit both mothers and children. Monitoring them provides crucial information on the demand of targeted health system strategies that address the reproductive health needs of adolescent mothers. Interventions to prevent second and higher-order pregnancies must be developed and implemented.

To evaluate and compare vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 and 24-35 months living in localities with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 and Ensanut 100k (2018).Estimate of coverage with both surveys.Between 2012 and 2018, according to proof and self-report, the coverage of the basic scheme was maintained in children aged 12-23 (51.6 vs. 60.2%) and 24-35 months (51.4 vs. 50.0%). Similarly, only with proof (53.9 vs. 51.3% and 52.8 vs. 44.2%). In children aged 24-35 months, the coverage of the reinforced basic scheme reinforcements with probative document and self-report (30.9 vs. 34.0%) and only with reinforcements (30.2 vs. 27.8%) was maintained. Coverage with second and third doses of hepatitis B in both age groups decreased; additionally, first dose of measlesmumps-rubella vaccine (SRP, in Spanish) and third dose of Pentavalent in children aged 24-35 months.Coverages were maintained by schemes, despite reductions in hepatitis B, pentavalent and SRP.Comparar coberturas de vacunación en niños de 12-23 y 24-35 meses de edad de localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes en México, entre 2012 (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Ensanut] 2012) y 2018 (Ensanut 100k).Estimación de coberturas con ambas encuestas.Entre 2012 y 2018, se mantuvo la cobertura del Esquema básico, con comprobante y autorreporte, en niños de 12-23 (51.6 vs. 60.2%) y 24-35 meses (51.4 vs. 50.0%), y sólo con comprobante (53.9 vs. 51.3% y 52.8 vs. 44.2%). Se mantuvo la cobertura del Esquema básico más refuerzos en niños de 24-35 meses, comprobante y autorreporte (30.9 vs. 34.0%) y sólo con comprobante (30.2 vs. 27.8%). Disminuyeron las coberturas con segunda y tercera dosis de hepatitis B en niños de 12-23 y 24-35 meses, y con primera dosis de triple viral (SRP) y tercera de pentavalente en niños de 24-35 meses.Se mantuvieron las coberturas del Esquema básico y Esquema básico más refuerzos aunque disminuyeron las coberturas con hepatitis B, pentavalente y SRP.

This study estimates the contribution of second and higher-order births to the adolescent fertility rate in Mexico from 2006 to 2014. We used data from nationally representative surveys for 2006, 2009, and 2014 to estimate the adolescent fertility rate, and the first, second, and higher-order birth components for the triennium prior to each survey at the national and state level. Our results showed that the second and higher-order component was 16.3 births per 1,000 women in 2003-05, 14.9 in 2006-08, and 16.9 in 2011-13. Second and higher-order births represented 25.9 percent of all teen births in 2003-05, 21.6 percent in 2006-08, and 21.9 percent in 2011-13. Second and higher-order births were heterogeneous across states. We found that second and higher-order births are highly prevalent and important contributors to the adolescent fertility rate. Postponing second and higher-order births would benefit both mothers and children. Monitoring them provides crucial information on the demand of targeted health system strategies that address the reproductive health needs of adolescent mothers. Interventions to prevent second and higher-order pregnancies must be developed and implemented.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of parental criticism of their offspring’s bodies in the development of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in university students in Mexico City. A sample of 892 freshmen (502 women and 390 men) was included. The prevalence of the internalization of the aesthetic thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and body mass index was estimated by sex. For each sex, the effect of parental criticism on DEBs, together with that of the other covariates, was measured through ordinal regression models. It was found that women received more criticism from their mothers than men. Among the participants, the likelihood of DEBs is increased in the presence of criticism from both parents (OR = 2.5), criticism from the mother alone (OR = 2.0), overweight (OR = 1.7), obesity (OR = 2.1), wanting a slimmer body (OR = 8.3), and depressive symptoms (OR = 3.3). Among men, this risk is increased in the presence of criticism from both parents (OR = 2.7), being obese (OR = 2.4), wanting a slimmer body (OR = 3.4), and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.8). It is essential to include issues linked to parental criticism of their bodies in interventions to prevent eating disorders in college students. Level of evidence V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Objective . To evaluate and compare vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 and 24-35 months living in localities with less than 100 000 inhabitants in Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion (Ensanut) 2012 and Ensanut 100k (2018). Materials and methods . Estimate of coverage with both surveys. Results . Between 2012 and 2018, according to proof and self-report, the coverage of the basic scheme was maintained in children aged 12-23 (51.6 vs. 60.2%) and 24-35 months (51.4 vs. 50.0%). Similarly, only with proof (53.9 vs. 51.3% and 52.8 vs. 44.2%). In children aged 24-35 months, the coverage of the reinforced basic scheme reinforcements with probative document and self-report (30.9 vs. 34.0%) and only with reinforcements (30.2 vs. 27.8%) was maintained. Coverage with second and third doses of hepatitis B in both age groups decreased; additionally, first dose of measlesmumps-rubella vaccine (SRP, in Spanish) and third dose of Pentavalent in children aged 24-35 months. Conclusions . Coverages were maintained by schemes, despite reductions in hepatitis B, pentavalent and SRP.

This article presents findings from three opinion surveys conducted among representative samples of Mexico City residents: the first one immediately prior to the groundbreaking legalization of first-trimester abortion in April 2007, and one and two years after the reform. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess changes in opinion concerning abortion and correlates of favorable opinion following reform. In 2009 a clear majority (74 percent) of respondents were in support of the Mexico City law allowing for elective first-trimester abortion, compared with 63 percent in 2008 and 38 percent in 2007. A significant increase in support for extending the law to the rest of Mexico was found: from 51 percent in 2007 to 70 percent in 2008 and 83 percent in 2009. In 2008 the significant independent correlates of support for the Mexico City law were education, infrequent religious service attendance, sex (being male), and political party affiliation; in 2009 they were education beyond high school, infrequent religious service attendance, and ever having been married.

Objectives To describe the comprehensive sex education (CSE) coverage and to evaluate a set of indicators related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the seven components of the CSE framework among Mexican high-school students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in public and private high schools in Mexico. Questions about CSE coverage and about knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexual health were included. We present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to CSE, and sexual health outcomes. We fitted a series of multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between each CSE component exposure and sexual health outcomes, adjusting for age and sex. Results There were significant associations between being exposed to each CSE components and the related sexual health outcomes. The strongest one was for identifying effective contraceptives among those exposed to the Sexual and Reproductive Health component (SRH) (OR 4.10; 95%CI[2.93,5.75]). Also, students exposed to the relationships component had 20% higher odds of affirming they could convince their partner to use condoms (OR 1.20; 95%CI[1.05,1.36]). Conclusions This paper provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of CSE on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. In addition, it identifies areas that should be strengthened to increase the positive impact of CSE.

Objective. To characterize female adolescents who have been pregnant, and to analyze the association between adolescent pregnancy and educational gaps. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data come from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut 2012), a Mexican representative survey. The set of data used is related to sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics from 1 790 women from 12 to 19 years who had begun their sexual life and had a pregnancy record. Three statistical models were adjusted to observe the association between variables. The dependent variable of the first model was the condition of previous pregnancy, the second to be pregnant at the time of data collection, and the third, educational gap. Results. A 74.9% of the adolescents with history of pregnancy has educational gap. To have the condition of previous pregnancy is associated with living with sexual partner (OR=8.4), educational gap (OR=2.4), low socioeconomical level (OR=2.0) and school assistance (OR=0.5). To be pregnant at the time of data collection has related only to living with sexual partner (OR=9.4). The educational gap shows an association with having more than one pregnancy (OR=2.4), live with sexual partner (OR=1.6), low socioeconomical level (OR=1.8), and school assistance as protective factor (OR=0.3). Conclusion. It is necessary to implement effective and efficient educational public politics in order to decrease educational gap. At the same time, to guarantee and improve sexual education in the school system to prevent adolescent pregnancy.

To offer current evidence about age at sexual initiation and contraceptive use among adolescent and adult women of different age groups, places of residence, and marital status in Mexico.Data were analyzed from ENSANUT 2006 and 2012 surveys on knowledge and use of contraceptives.In 2012 31.2% of 15-19 year old adolescent women had undergone sexual debut. Condom use increased from 31.8% in 2006 to 47.8% in 2012. Women in rural areas reported lower levels of contraceptive use at last sexual intercourse; 47.9% of 30-34 year-old and 53.2% of 35-49 year-old women reported not using any contraception at last sexual intercourse. A high percentage of women did not adopt contraception after the most recent obstetric event: 52% (15-19 years), 44.2% (20-29 years), 42.5% (30-34 years) and 39% (≥35 years)].Equitable policies to promote contraception, particularly after a post-obstetric event, are needed.

Purpose To explore the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with disordered eating behaviors (DEB) in Mexican adolescents, and the coexistence of DEB and other problem behaviors. Methods Information about adolescents (10–19 years) was retrieved from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 database. Associations were evaluated through ordinal regression. Results Higher SES was associated with DEB (odds ratio [OR]: 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52–2.75). Use of tobacco (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.58–2.81), alcohol (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.51–2.56), and suicide intent (OR: 5.13, 95% CI: 3.46–7.60) were associated with DEB. Conclusion DEB were more frequent among adolescents from higher SES households. The lack of association between SES and DEB reported by other studies might be because of the lack of variability in samples. The association of DEB and other problem behaviors highlights the importance of an integral approach to teenagers' mental health.

Objetivo. Caracterizar a las adolescentes que han tenido algún embarazo y analizar la asociación de éste con el rezago educativo, a partir de una encuesta representativa en México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012, con datos sociodemográficos y reproductivos de 1 790 mujeres de 12 a 19 años de edad con inicio de vida sexual y antecedente de embarazo. Se ajustaron tres modelos estadísticos para observar la asociación entre variables. Resultados. El rezago educativo está presente en 74.9% de las adolescentes con antecedente de embarazo. Tener embarazo previo está asociado con cohabitar con la pareja (RM=8.4), rezago educativo (RM=2.4), nivel socioeconómico bajo (RM=2.0) y asistencia a la escuela (RM=0.5). El rezago educativo muestra una asociación con el antecedente de embarazo alguna vez en la vida (RM=2.4), no así con el primer embarazo al momento de la encuesta. Conclusión. Se requieren políticas y estrategias operativas eficientes para favorecer la permanencia escolar y reducir el rezago educativo en adolescentes con y sin hijos.

Objetivo. Estimar los patrones de utilización de los programas preventivos de cáncer en la mujer durante el periodo 2000-2012 en mujeres mexicanas que participaron en tres encuestas nacionales. Material y métodos. Se analizó información de la ENSA 2000 y de las ENSANUT 2006 y 2012 que son representativas de la población del país. Se obtuvieron prevalencias y se aplicaron pruebas de tendencia y regresión de Poisson para determinar las posibilidades de tener una mayor cobertura. Resultados. La cobertura de uso de Papanicolaou en los últimos 12 meses en 2012 fue de 45.5%, de prueba de VPH en los últimos cuatro años fue de 11.9% y de mastografía en los últimos dos años fue de 29.4 y de 17.2% en mujeres de 50 a 69 años y de 40 a 49 años, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Aunque se observa un incremento en la cobertura de los programas de detección se debe impulsar la calidad de los servicios y la cobertura universal.