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Despite the need for specific weaning strategies in neurological patients, evidence is generally insufficient or lacking. We aimed to describe the evolution over time of weaning and extubation practices in patients with acute brain injury compared with patients who are mechanically ventilated (MV) due to other reasons.We performed a secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter international studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016 in adults who had need of invasive MV for more than 12 h. We collected data on baseline characteristics, variables related to management ventilator settings, and complications while patients were ventilated or until day 28.Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 12,618 (60%) who started the weaning from MV, of whom 1722 (14%) were patients with acute brain injury. In the acutely brain-injured cohort, 538 patients (31%) did not undergo planned extubation, defined as the need for a tracheostomy without an attempt of extubation, accidental extubation, and death. Among the 1184 planned extubated patients with acute brain injury, 202 required reintubation (17%). Patients with acute brain injury had a higher odds for unplanned extubation (odds ratio [OR] 1.35, confidence interval for 95% [CI 95%] 1.19-1.54; p 0.001), a higher odds of failure after the first attempt of weaning (spontaneous breathing trial or gradual reduction of ventilatory support; OR 1.14 [CI 95% 1.01-1.30; p = 0.03]), and a higher odds for reintubation (OR 1.41 [CI 95% 1.20-1.66; p 0.001]) than patients without brain injury. Patients with hemorrhagic stroke had the highest odds for unplanned extubation (OR 1.47 [CI 95% 1.22-1.77; p 0.001]), of failed extubation after the first attempt of weaning (OR 1.28 [CI 95% 1.06-1.55; p = 0.009]), and for reintubation (OR 1.49 [CI 95% 1.17-1.88; p 0.001]). In relation to weaning evolution over time in patients with acute brain injury, the risk for unplanned extubation showed a downward trend; the risk for reintubation was not associated to time; and there was a significant increase in the percentage of patients who underwent extubation after the first attempt of weaning from MV.Patients with acute brain injury, compared with patients without brain injury, present higher odds of undergoing unplanned extubated after weaning was started, lower odds of being extubated after the first attempt, and a higher risk of reintubation.

This research focuses on analyzing the information technology strategy used during the online class due to the Pandemic or Covid-19 which affects all activities including the learning process at the university runs unstable. The subject or object of research in this study was carried out in universities in the city of Dili, especially UNPAZ, ICS, IOB, and UNTL. The purpose of this study is to bring up online learning strategies for everyone who has contributed to the online learning process, especially information technology as an online platform based on the situation and conditions in TimorLeste. There are several procedures or rules that become guidelines used to carry out online learning processes so that they can respond to emergency situations that affect precision activities that do not go well. The method used in this study is a qualitative method and conducts analysis with descriptive methods through graphs, how to collect data using triangulation methods, with combination and structured questions interviewed. The results of this study are to bring up the platform and recommendations or information technology LMS is Google Classroom by carrying out in-depth configurations on several features such as streaming, student assignments, college participants, and the last grade. For video, conferences are advised to use the Zoom meeting used for direct explanation of the lectures to students. The bandwidth consumed is 700 kbps compared to other platforms. The features of Zoom Meeting are as follows: new meetings, join, schedule, share screen, record, and chat. The procedure or rules must conduct a training session before starting an online class to have a material guide guideline tell the rules that have relationship in using LMS, must participate and conduct a video conference, must define the evaluation team to be responsible for online classes such as the academic department and the head of the institution who takes responsibility directly or indirectly for students and colleagues.

A obra contempla as áreas de Letras, Linguística e Análise Crítica do Discurso através de uma perspectiva teórica e prática capaz de abrir caminhos tanto na pesquisa quanto na aplicação prática dos temas tratados. Para tanto, se organiza em eixos norteadores que incluem (a) semiótica social sistêmico-funcional; (b) multimodalidade; (c) metáfora e metonímia em imagens da mídia e sua interação; (d) os gêneros textuais e os textos multimodais e; (e) nas imagens em movimento, com foco no discurso fílmico. Busca oferecer sua contribuição para as análises de textos multimodais através de um enfoque que procura unir teoria e prática e seu direcionamento para análises discursivas.

High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Many details about the molecular mechanisms that regulate blood pressure are unknown. The Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) is the final arbiter of Na+ excretion in the kidneys. Appropriate renal sodium excretion is a key factor in the regulation of blood pressure. Abnormalities in ENaC function have been directly linked to several human diseases of blood pressure. The kinase, casein kinase II (CKII), phosphorylates ENaC but the physiological importance of this is obscure. The CKII phosphorylation site within ENaC resides within a canonical “anchor” ankyrin binding motif. Phosphorylation of Nav and KCNQ channels by CKII acts as a molecular “switch” favoring the binding of ankyrin-3 (Ank-3). The binding of Ank-3 facilitates the proper membrane localization of these channels increasing their activity. Here, we tested the premise that phosphorylation of ENaC by CKII within “anchor” motifs is necessary and sufficient for Ank-3 binding to the channel, which is required for normal channel locale and function, and the proper regulation of renal Na+ excretion and blood pressure. We tested this hypothesis using endpoint measurements including analyses of ENaC activity and trafficking to the plasma membrane, and quantification of CKII-dependent ENaC-Ank3 binding. This was addressed by combining total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy with fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching (TIRF/FRAP) to follow movement of ENaC toward the plasma membrane in living cells and electrophysiology of ENaC activity in split-open collecting ducts from principal cell-specific CKII and Ank3 knockout mice. We also used whole animal physiological studies of sodium excretion and blood pressure in knockout mice to understand the physiological consequences of CKII and Ank3 regulation of ENaC. In addition, scanning mutagenesis was used to identify key residues in the overlapping CKII and Ank3 sites in ENaC. Furthermore, we tested whether CKII influences Ank-3 binding to β-ENaC subunit using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Findings showed that disrupting CKII signaling and abrogation of the CKII phosphorylation and Ank3 binding site within ENaC decreases channel trafficking toward the plasma membrane and activity, promotes improper sodium excretion, and decreases blood pressure in KO mice. These results showed how and when CKII phosphorylation of ENaC functions as a “switch” to favor Ank-3 binding to increase channel activity to include having a detailed understanding of the mechanisms mediating this regulation, and a rich appreciation of the physiological consequences of such regulation. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 HL139841 and R01 DK113816. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Access to reliable and sustainable electricity is still precluded for a large share of global population living in rural areas of developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Hybrid microgrids are considered a suitable solution for providing affordable and reliable access to electricity to isolated communities. Properly planning and sizing such systems is although an aspect that can greatly influence the sustainability of the intervention, and the arrival to the market of the third generation minigrids poses new challenges to the process. Three main challenges are identified as pivotal for the proper sizing of new generation microgrids: arrival of the main grid, inappropriateness of Net Present Cost as only objective function in the strategy selection process, and necessity to operate on already existing minigrids. Such aspects are addressed in this work by proposing a methodological advancement to an existing open-source microgrid sizing model: a grid outage model alongside the definition of new constraints and variables for the optimization problem with grid-connected microgrids, a multi-objective optimization option, and a brown-field optimization option. The new version of the model is tested on real life case studies in rural Rwanda (greenfield) and Mozambique (brownfield), proving the profitability of grid-connected and grid-extension solutions for sufficiently low connection distances. Sensitivity analyses are performed to assess variations in system size, cost and CO2emissions with respect to microgrid and grid connection parameters.

As escolas são ambientes de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento social para os adolescentes, um local que deve ser reconhecido como seguro. Porém, infelizmente, muitos adolescentes vivenciam práticas de comportamento violento e/ou vitimização na escola, como violência física e verbal. Mas por que isso acontece? Quais são as causas e as consequências desse tipo de comportamento? No ABP TV de hoje, vamos abordar o tema Comportamento violento entre adolescentes: causa e consequência.

A indústria da construção civil é responsável por danos ambientais em várias fases de ciclo de vida de um projeto. Por outro lado, o aumento da conscientização sobre a importância do desenvolvimento sustentável tem produzido mudanças de paradigmas em várias atividades humanas. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo definir os pesos relativos entre os indicadores de sustentabilidade e os custos, para os métodos construtivos com pré-fabricados de estruturas metálicas e em concreto armado, em projetos de plantas industriais. Para a estimativa desses pesos foi desenvolvida uma metodologia, baseada no método de Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP), capaz de auxiliar a tomada de decisão em ambientes de multicritérios. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada e testada a partir de uma pesquisa de campo, direcionada a gerentes de projetos industriais atuantes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados revelaram que não há um consenso, entre os gerentes de projeto, sobre a importância relativa desses indicadores, e que o custo de execução da obra é considerado um fator mais importante do que aqueles relacionados à sustentabilidade, durante a tomada de decisão.

O lixo eletrônico vem aumentando gradativamente, cerca de 53,6 milhões de toneladas foram gerados em 2019 no mundo, assim, é necessário pensar em alternativas de remanejamento, reaproveitamento e/ou reciclagem, visto que muitos equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos são descartados de forma inapropriada, ocasionando a degradação do ecossistema e prejudicando a saúde humana. A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos tem como proposta a prática de hábitos de consumo sustentável e um conjunto de instrumentos para propiciar o aumento da reciclagem e da reutilização dos resíduos sólidos e a destinação adequada dos rejeitos. Para o lixo eletrônico existe uma resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente, seguindo a NBR 10.004 que estabelece normas e procedimentos para o gerenciamento e destinação adequada dos resíduos elétricos e eletrônicos no Brasil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os locais que recebem o lixo eletrônico e elaborar um manual para auxiliar a população de como deve ser realizado o seu descarte. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada por meio de sites das prefeituras da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), artigos científicos entre outros. Na cidade de Campinas foram identificados 19 pontos de coletas, denominados pontos verde e ecopontos. Em Itatiba, até o momento, há 5 pontos de coleta de lixo eletrônico, denominados pontos ecológicos, que fazem parte de uma parceria entre a Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Agricultura e a empresa Ecotronics Ambiental. Além disso, existem postos de gasolinas que possuem parceria com a empresa Recap que recolhem lixo eletrônico e também fazem o descarte dos óleos dos carros.

BACKGROUND: Driving pressure (ΔP) has been described as a risk factor for mortality in patients with ARDS. However, the role of ΔP in the outcome of patients without ARDS and on mechanical ventilation has received less attention. Our objective was to evaluate the association between ΔP on the first day of mechanical ventilation with the development of ARDS. METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, prospective, observational, international study that included subjects who were on mechanical ventilation for > 12 h. Our objective was to evaluate the association between ΔP on the first day of mechanical ventilation with the development of ARDS. To assess the effect of ΔP, a logistic regression analysis was performed when adjusting for other potential risk factors. Validation of the results obtained was performed by using a bootstrap method and by repeating the same analyses at day 2. RESULTS: A total of 1,575 subjects were included, of whom 65 (4.1%) developed ARDS. The ΔP was independently associated with ARDS (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.18 for each cm H(2)O of ΔP increase, P < .001). The same results were observed at day 2 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21; P < .001) and after bootstrap validation (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22; P < .001). When taking the prevalence of ARDS in the lowest quartile of ΔP (≤9 cm H(2)O) as a reference, the subjects with ΔP > 12–15 cm H(2)O and those with ΔP > 15 cm H(2)O presented a higher probability of ARDS (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.32–10.04 [P = .01] and OR 7.31, 95% CI, 2.89–18.50 [P < .001], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In the subjects without ARDS, a higher level of ΔP on the first day of mechanical ventilation was associated with later development of ARDS. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02731898.)

The aim of this study was to determine whether increases in post-exercise endocrine response to low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise would have association with increases in muscle size and strength after an 8-week training period. Twenty-nine untrained men were randomly allocated into three groups: low-load resistance exercise with (LL-BFR) or without blood flow restriction (LL), and high-load resistance exercise (HL). Participants from LL-BFR and LL groups performed leg extension exercise at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM), four sets of 15 repetitions and the HL group performed four sets of eight repetitions at 80% 1RM. Before the first training session, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone, cortisol, and lactate concentration were measured at rest and 15 min after the exercise. Quadriceps CSA and 1RM knee extension were assessed at baseline and after an 8-week training period. GH increased 15 min after exercise in the LL-BFR (p = 0.032) and HL (p < 0.001) groups, with GH concentration in the HL group being higher than in the LL group (p = 0.010). There was a time effect for a decrease in testosterone (p = 0.042) and an increase in cortisol (p = 0.005), while IGF-1 remained unchanged (p = 0.346). Both muscle size and strength were increased after training in LL-BFR and HL groups, however, these changes were not associated with the acute post-exercise hormone levels (p > 0.05). Our data suggest that other mechanisms than the acute post-exercise increase in systemic hormones induced by LL-BFR and HL produce changes in muscle size and strength.

Os anúncios publicitários são formas de comunicação de massa. Um anúncio impresso tem o potencial de atingir milhares de pessoas. Por outro lado, pesquisas sobre comunicação de massa têm demonstrado como um único anúncio se abre a diferentes interpretações. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar anúncios publicitários veiculados em revistas impressas brasileiras pelo viés da Análise Crítica do Discurso, enfatizando aspectos relacionadas aos discursos públicos na modernidade tardia, como a mercantilização da linguagem, a hibridez discursiva e a relação entre os elementos linguísticos e imagéticos na busca de persuadir os consumidores. Para tanto, utilizo as concepções de Chouliaraki e Fairclough (1999), a Gramática do Design Visual, de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006) e pesquisadores que lidam com a linguagem publicitária e sua função persuasiva. Os resultados indicam que a mercantilização da linguagem e a hibridez apresentada nos anúncios analisados configuram-se como importantes estratégias persuasivas usadas pelos produtores dos anúncios na busca de venderem seus produtos.

Phenolic lipids components of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) have molecular structures capable of chemical signalling that regulate gene expression, metabolism and inflammation. This study sets out to assess how CNSL derivatives impact oral bacteria, from an antibacterial and anti-collagenolytic perspective, as well as its biocompatibility with dental pulp stem cells. Two hemi-synthetic saturated CNSL derivative compounds were selected (LDT11-Anacardic Acids-derivative and LDT409-cardanol-derivative). Bacteriostatic activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula. Antimicrobial capacity against preformed S. mutans biofilms was investigated using a collagen-coated Calgary Biofilm Device and confocal microscopy. Clostridium histolyticum, P. gingivalis and S. mutans biofilms were used to assess anti-collagenolytic activity. Biocompatibility with human dental pulp stromal cells (HDPSCs) was investigated (MTT for viability proportion, LDH assays for cell death rate). LDTs inhibited the bacterial growth, as well as partially inhibited bacterial collagenases in concentrations higher than 5 μg/mL. Dose–response rates of biofilm cell death was observed (LDT11 at 20, 50, 100 μg/mL = 1.0 ± 0.4, 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.03, respectively). Maximum cytotoxicity was 30%. After 1 week, LDT409 had no HDPSCs death. HDPSCs viability was decreased after 24 h of treatment with LDT11 and LDT409, but recovered at 72 h and showed a massive increase in viability and proliferation after 1 week. LDTs treatment was associated with odontoblast-like morphology. In conclusion, LDT11 multifunctionality and biocompatibility, stimulating dental pulp stem cells proliferation and differentiation, indicates a potential as a bio-based dental material for regenerative Dentistry. Its potential as a bacterial collagenases inhibitor to reduce collagen degradation in root/dentinal caries can be further explored.

The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a reason for the lack of effective drugs as well as a basis for the development of "multi-target-directed ligands" (MTDLs). As cases increase in developing countries, there is a need of new drugs that are not only effective but also accessible. With this motivation, we report the first sustainable MTDLs, derived from cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), an inexpensive food waste with anti-inflammatory properties. We applied a framework combination of functionalized CNSL components and well-established acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) tacrine templates. MTDLs were selected based on hepatic, neuronal, and microglial cell toxicity. Enzymatic studies disclosed potent and selective AChE/BChE inhibitors (5, 6, and 12), with subnanomolar activities. The X-ray crystal structure of 5 complexed with BChE allowed rationalizing the observed activity (0.0352 nM). Investigation in BV-2 microglial cells revealed antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities for 5 and 6 (already at 0.01 mu M), confirming the design rationale.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a dinâmica da cobertura vegetal em porções que influenciam na preservação do Rio Tracuateua, em Tracuateua-PA, Brasil, por meio de imagens orbitais. Para isso, foram adquiridas imagens de diferentes décadas, no intuito de realizar uma classificação supervisionada e análise multitemporal da área, demonstrando as mudanças que ocorreram na sua cobertura vegetal. Combinado a isso, recorreu-se a aplicação de questionários semiestruturados à população, como forma de complementar os resultados anteriormente obtidos e elucidar a percepção das pessoas quanto ao impacto ambiental presente na área. No final da pesquisa, notou-se uma perda de 45% de vegetação no decorrer do intervalo do intervalo de tempo considerado, o que foi confirmado pelas respostas dos moradores aos questionários, possibilitando a compreensão dos principais motivos e impactos ocasionados. Por fim, a pesquisa permitiu concluir que a porção analisada do Rio Tracuateua foi realmente afetada pelo processo de remoção da cobertura vegetal no decorrer dos anos, o que refletiu negativamente no estado atual de conservação do recurso hídrico estudado.

321 Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has been increasingly used in the algorithm of the initial diagnosis of patients suspected to harbor prostate cancer (PCa) with the aim of improving the selection of patients who really need a biopsy. Yet patients with PI-RADS 5 lesions almost always have cancer found in their prostates, the same is not true for patients with PI-RADS 4. In this study we sought to describe pathological findings in target biopsies of PI-RADS4, and to identify clinical data that could predict those patients with benign findings. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a data bank collected prospectively from December 2015 through April 2022 in a single nonacademic center. The whole series consist of 547 patients, all of whom had a mpMRI of the prostate (reports as per PI-RADS version 2) followed by cognitive fusion prostate biopsy performed by a single, experienced radiologist. All biopsy specimens were read by a specialist in urological pathology. Out of these, 259 had PI-RADS 4 lesion, and 83 had PI-RADS 5. Results: We found a false positive rate of 29% and 3.7% for any cancer in PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions, respectively. Different histologic patterns were observed among target biopsies. At multivariate analysis, PIRADS lesion ≤ 6 mm and previous negative biopsy were independent predictors of false positive PI-RADS4 lesions. The 76 cases showed normal histology (n = 22), a combination of chronic inflammation, reactive epithelium, and glandular atrophy (n = 18), glandular atrophy (n = 9), stromal proliferation consistent with nodular hyperplasia (n =7), a combination of chronic inflammation, reactive epithelium and glandular atrophy (n = 6), chronic inflammation (n = 4) and HGPIN (n = 10). The small number (n=3) of false PI-RADS5 lesions precluded further analyses. Conclusions: Benign findings are common in PI-RADS4 lesions and most of them did not show obvious glandular or stromal hypercellularity as expected in hyperplastic nodules. Size ≤ 6 mm and previous negative biopsy predict higher probability of false positive results in patients with PI-RADS 4 lesions.[Table: see text]

This work investigated the antioxidant potential of acetylated and nitrated eugenol derivatives through structural analysis and the mechanism of hydrogen atomic transfer (HAT) by density functional theory (DFT). The structures were optimized by the hybrid functional M06-2X with basis set 6-31 + G(d,p), and the HAT mechanism was evaluated with HO, HOO, CH

To date, it is unknown whether systematic biopsies can be safely omitted in patients with unsuspicious MRI findings or if systematic biopsies should be required when targeting focal lesions (PI-RADS 3-5).A series of 366 patients (249 without a previous biopsy) were examined in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. All patients were submitted to systematic biopsies (12-14 regions) with additional targeted biopsies (by cognitive fusion) of focal PI-RADS lesions (PI-RADS 3-5).In our series, patients with PI-RADS 1/2 findings had rates of adenocarcinoma of any grade,GG1 and GG4/5 of 34%, 14% and 3%, respectively. The use of MRI prior to biopsy in our series increased the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) in 28% of patients with focal lesions, and focal lesions were present in 293/366 (80%) of all patients. For CSPCa (GG1), targeted biopsies improved the diagnosis in 28% of patients, while systematic biopsies resulted in an additional 19% of cancer cases in the series.Systematic biopsies should still be considered in patients with PI-RADS 1/2 findings. Our findings also suggest a stronger benefit of the combined strategy of targeted and systematic biopsies than the findings of previous studies concerning the detection of CSPCa in biopsy-naïve patients.

RESUMO O artigo tem por objetivo descrever e analisar o processo de construção social de uma escola quilombola e seu currículo, identificando atores sociais, processos de agenciamento e disputas de sentido sobre Educação Escolar Quilombola. Apresenta um estudo de caso da Escola Municipal Quilombola Dona Rosa Geralda, no município de São Pedro da Aldeia, Rio de Janeiro, com observações etnográficas e entrevistas realizadas na escola, na comunidade e na Secretaria Municipal de Educação entre os anos de 2017 e 2019. Entre os resultados, destacam-se: a presença de um forte sentido atribuído à escola enquanto agenciadora da identidade comunitária; a apropriação por seus profissionais de elementos discursivos associados aos movimentos negros enquanto resoluções curriculares disponíveis de tradução das políticas de educação quilombola; e a existência de mediações e dilemas que compõem essa experiência e que podem fornecer elementos para uma agenda de pesquisa.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease. We evaluated the prognostic utility of Model for End-stage Liver Disease excluding INR (MELD-XI) score for predicting mortality in a cohort of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.In total, 11,091 mechanically ventilated patients were included in our post-hoc retrospective analysis, a subgroup of the VENTILA study (NCT02731898). Evaluation of associations with mortality was done by logistic and Cox regression analysis, an optimal cut-off was calculated using the Youden Index. We divided the cohort in two sub-groups based on their MELD-XI score at the optimal cut-off (12 score points).Peak-, plateau- and positive end-expiratory pressure were higher in patients with MELD-XI12. Patients with MELD-XI12 had higher driving pressures (14 ± 6 cmH2O versus 13 ± 6; p 0.001). MELD-XI was associated with 28-day mortality after correction for relevant cofounders including SAPS II and ventilation pressures (HR 1.04 95%CI 1.03-1.05; p 0.001. Patients with MELD-XI12 evidenced both increased hospital (46% versus 27%; p 0.001) and 28-day mortality (39% versus 22%).MELD-XI is independently associated with mortality and constitutes a useful and easily applicable tool for risk stratification in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.NCT02731898, registered 4 April 2016.

This research entitled “The Relationship between Syntactic and Semantic : A Study of Linguistic Typology.” is intended to give a clear descriptions related to the relationship between syntactic and semantic on some languages. This research was focused on some clause structures typologycally either syntactically or semantically. The scope of this research was more focused on the transitive verbs to have more descriptions related to the relationship between syntactic and semantic to find out whether a clause structure on syntactic can be accepted or cannot be accepted semantically. The theory of linguistics typology was applied in this research because the principle of linguistics typpology is to find out the similarities and the differences among all the type of languages universally. The introspective reflexive and the descriptive method were applied to gain the data in this research and the qualitative descriptive method was applied to analyse the data.

Activity of the Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron fine-tunes renal sodium excretion. Appropriate sodium excretion is a key factor in the regulation of blood pressure. Consequently, abnormalities in ENaC function can cause hypertension. Casein Kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates ENaC. The CKII phosphorylation site in ENaC resides within a canonical “anchor” ankyrin binding motif. CKII-dependent phosphorylation of ENaC is necessary and sufficient to increase channel activity and is thought to influence channel trafficking in a manner that increases activity. We test here the hypothesis that phosphorylation of ENaC by CKII within an anchor motif is necessary for ankyrin-3 (Ank-3) regulation of the channel, which is required for normal channel locale and function, and the proper regulation of renal sodium excretion. This was addressed using a fluorescence imaging strategy combining total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to quantify ENaC expression in the plasma membrane in living cells; and electrophysiology to quantify ENaC activity in split-open collecting ducts from principal cell-specific Ank-3 knockout mice. Sodium excretion studies also were performed in parallel in this knockout mouse. In addition, we substituted a key serine residue in the consensus CKII site in β-ENaC with alanine to abrogate phosphorylation and disrupt the anchor motif. Findings show that disrupting CKII signaling decreases ENaC activity by decreasing expression in the plasma membrane. In the principal cell-specific Ank-3 KO mouse, ENaC activity and sodium excretion were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. These results are consistent with CKII phosphorylation of ENaC functioning as a “switch” that favors Ank-3 binding to increase channel activity.

Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are subjected to events such as equipment failures, human errors and common-cause failures, in an environment of complex maintenance, inspection and testing managements. These events will affect the reliability of safety-related systems, as well as the risk level of the plant. Reliability block diagram (RBD) is often used to analyze the effect of item failures on system availability, taking into account their physical arrangement in the system. Fault tree (FT) is a commonly used technique for analyzing risk and reliability in nuclear, aeronautical and chemical industries. It represents graphically the basic events that will cause an undesired top event. Loss of electrical power is one of the main events that influences safe operation of NPPs, as well as accident prevention and mitigation. In case of unavailability of offsite power, emergency diesel generators (EDGs) supply onsite electrical power. This paper carries out reliability analyses of EDGs of NPPs using both RBD and FT techniques. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, allowing a variety of qualitative and quantitative analyses. Outcomes using these two techniques are compared for a typical NPP EDG system.

This article proposes a macrodynamic model that takes into account the joint determination of intra-working-class income distribution and knowledge-intensive technological change. Our model highlights two opposing effects of technological change at play: (i) technological innovation promotes a positive structural change and hence boosts net exports and output growth; (ii) technological change, on the other hand, disproportionately affects unskilled workers, which worsens the intra-working-class income distribution and slows down economic growth. Therefore, our model demonstrates that the net impact of technological change on capital accumulation and output growth is ambiguous and hence is a parametric question. Lastly, we show that income transfer and public investments in higher education may be of paramount importance to alleviating the unwanted effects of a contractionary wave of technological change and so promoting a sustained economic recovery.

Este trabalho analisa a criacao dos Institutos Federais de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia – Ifs, e as politicas publicas de acoes afirmativas para inclusao social de grupos sociais historicamente marginalizados, tais como negros, pardos, indigenas e pessoas com deficiencia. Para tanto, propomos uma pesquisa bibliografica e analise da Lei 11.892/2008, da Lei no 12.711/2012 e da Lei no 13.409/2016 que criam os Institutos Federais e estabelecem a reserva de vagas nas instituicoes federais de nivel medio e superior. Como aporte teorico, destacamos as contribuicoes de Campbell (2009), Pacheco (2010), Moura, Filho e Silva (2015), Saviani (2003), Frigotto (2015), dentre outros. Os resultados apontam para a expansao e interiorizacao dos Institutos Federais como uma forma de democratizacao do acesso a educacao profissional de qualidade e para o compromisso da expansao com a politica de desenvolvimento socioeconomico local, regional e nacional. Por sua vez, a Lei no 12.711/2012 e a Lei no 13.409/2016 vem se constituindo como importantes acoes afirmativas na inclusao de grupos historicamente excluidos, a saber, negros, pardos, indigenas e pessoas com deficiencia.

O significado em filme surge da interação de múltiplas modalidades, como imagens, sons, música, gestos, efeitos de câmera, etc., que são desencadeados pelo processo de edição, que muitas vezes resulta em uma ordem cronológica e linear. A interação das modalidades, por sua vez, resulta em um texto narrativo cuja compreensão e interpretação requerem a participação ativa do espectador. O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer uma análise de filmes baseada em uma perspectiva textual-linguística multimodal. Sendo assim, a interação das modalidades no discurso é de interesse central, uma vez que são as interrelações entre os diferentes recursos semióticos que são decisivas para a estrutura geral e coerência de um filme e que, portanto, respondem por seu significado e interpretação como texto. Essa construção e atribuição de significado que se desdobra dentro do discurso é também um processo de raciocínio abdutivo, podendo ser descrita em termos de inferências. As estratégias inferenciais que operam durante a interpretação são, então, outro principal foco analítico. As análises demonstram que, como um artefato que se desdobra espacialmente, temporalmente e dinamicamente, o filme é um documento multimodal cujos recursos semióticos interagem e operam de acordo com vários princípios na busca de criar um potencial de significado geral.

A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) busca tornar os alunos mais independentes, oportunizando meios para que assumam a responsabilidade pelo seu processo de aprendizagem. Foi pensando nestas possibilidades, que selecionamos a ABP como metodologia ativa de ensino para desenvolvermos este trabalho. A pesquisa em questão, tem o objetivo de utilizar a ABP como ferramenta para intervenção pedagógica no ensino de Geociências na Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, em uma turma do 6º período do curso Técnico Integrado em Secretaria Escolar, na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos, do Instituto Federal de Goiás. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram utilizadas algumas metodologias pré-definidas, como: explanação prévia do conteúdo para situar os estudantes sobre a temática; utilização de pergunta-problema para instigá-los a desenvolver um pensamento crítico e autônomo; questionários para manifestarem seus conhecimentos antes e após passagem de vídeos didáticos; e, por fim, um novo questionário para avaliarem a metodologia proposta. Como resultado, percebemos que 100% dos alunos aprovaram a metodologia utilizada, o que nos permite concluir que a proposta de intervenção foi exitosa.

This paper describes the results of a new firm survey to measure technology use and adoption implemented prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. It analyzes the use and adoption of technology among Vietnamese firms and identifies some of the key barriers to adoption and diffusion. The analysis offers new and important stylized facts on firm-level use of technologies. First, although access to the internet is almost universal in Vietnam, firms had low digital readiness to face the COVID-19 pandemic; and the share of establishments with their own website, social media, and cloud computing is still small. Second, the use of Industry 4.0 technologies is incipient. Third, the technology gap with the use of frontier technologies in some general business functions, such as quality control, production planning, sales, and sourcing and procurement, is large. Fourth, the manufacturing sector faces the largest technological gap, larger than services and agricultural firms. The analysis of the main barriers and drivers to technology adoption and use shows the importance of good management quality for technology adoption, and that there is a technology premium associated with exporting activities. Finally, the analysis also shows that firms are largely unaware of the available public policy support for technology upgrading.