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Objective: To identify and compare the health service-related factors associated with male involvement in family planning services among the rural and urban areas in Abia State, Nigeria.Design: A community-based cross-sectional study.Setting: Twelve communities (six urban and six rural) in Abia State, NigeriaParticipants: Five hundred and eighty-eight (588) men aged 15-59 years and resident in the study area 6 months before the study were recruited.Main outcome measure: Male involvement in family planning servicesResults: The mean ages of the respondents were 41.8±8.0 years and 43.1±8.0 years in the urban and rural areas, respectively. Active male involvement in family planning services was significantly higher in urban areas (62.6%, 95%CI: 56.8%-68.1%) compared to the rural areas (47.6%, 95%CI: 41.5%-53.2%. p

Objectives: To ascertain the prevalence and pattern of reported facility-based disrespect and abuse of women during labour in Abia State, South-East, Nigeria.Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based studySetting: One urban and one rural healthcare facility in Abia State- Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia and Nigerian Christian Hospital (NCH) Nlagu, respectively.Participants: A total of 312 women who were recently delivered of their babies in the two facilities in Abia State and attending postnatal clinics were sampled for the survey.Main Outcome Measure: Disrespect and abuse D&A) during labour among women who give birth in healthcare facilities in Abia State.Result: In all, over half (54.5%) of the women experienced disrespect and abuse in Abia State (50% urban and 63.5% in rural areas). The commonest form of disrespect and abuse was non-confidential care (22.9%). The commonest disrespectful and abusive care received was lack of privacy in the labour ward (18.3%).Conclusion: The study recorded a high prevalence of reported facility-based disrespect and abuse of women during delivery in Abia State. Training and re- raining healthcare providers to promote respectful care, advocacy to policy makers and healthcare stakeholders on the development of respectful maternal care policies and further research in the area are needed.

Additional file 2: Questionnaire.

Additional file 1: STROBE guideline checklist.

A survey of Azuabie and Woji communities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, was conducted for a period of seven months with the view of identifying the anuran species and their associated gastro-intestinal helminth parasites in both locations. Standard sampling protocols were adopted and identification of both the host and parasite species was accomplished using appropriate keys. A total of three anuran species were recovered (Sclerophrys maculata, Ptychadena pumilio and Hoplobatrachus occipitalis). Seven helminth parasite species were recovered from the hosts, consisting of three nematodes, one trematode, two cestodes and one monogenean. Overall prevalence of infection was 82.86% and 97.14% at Azuabie and Woji, respectively. More parasite species (Azuabie =6; Woji = 5) were recovered during the dry season than the rainy season (Azuabie =4; Woji = 3). Likewise, more male (Azuabie = 27; Woji =26) than female hosts (Azuabie = 8; Woji =9) were infected. However, differences in prevalence of infection were not significantly affected by both season (Azuabie, p=1.4204E-50; Woji, p= 6.2638E-23) and gender (Azuabie, p=2.9966E-288; Woji, p= 2.9956E-288). Although diversity of both anurans and their helminth parasites was poor, there was high parasite endemicity in both communities. This research has added to the growing literature of species of both anurans and their helminth parasites found in parts of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.

Habitat differences are known to have direct and indirect effects on the parasitic helminths of amphibians. Amietophrynus maculatus and A. camerunensis were respectively collected from two residential areas located at Mgbuoba and Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria, for the examination of their helminth endo-parasites. Visual and acoustic survey method was employed for sampling and standard parasitological procedures were used. A total of seven parasites were recovered from the amphibians and one hundred per cent infection was observed in both locations. Five of the parasites were common to hosts from both locations and they were pentastomids (Raillietiella sp.), trematodes (Mesocoelium monodi) and nematodes (Amplicaecum africanum, Rhabdias africanus and Cosmocerca ornata). However, two other nematode parasite species were recovered from the hosts from Choba, which were not found in hosts from Mgbuoba, and they were Oswaldocruzia hoepplii and Chabaudus leberrei. Whereas prevalence and mean intensity of A. africanum infection were higher in A. camerunensis from Choba, both prevalence and mean intensity of infection with Raillietiella sp. were higher in hosts from Mgbuoba. Co-infection of Raillietiella sp. with R. africanus was observed in A. maculatus from Mgbuoba, suggesting that both parasites do not exclude each other.