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A study of the electrical transport properties of calcium aluminate (CA) with coexisting C3A and C12A7 phases was carried out. In this work, powders resulting from synthesis based on the polymer precursor method. The resulting product was characterized by means of XRD, Raman, and UV-visible analysis to obtain the optical BG and by EIS. From the XRD and Raman analyses, the presence and coexistence of the two self-modified phases were confirmed. In this biphasic composition, celite phase was estimated to be the major phase. An optical BG of 5.69 eV at room temperature was calculated, and under the condition of a reducing atmosphere in the temperature range of 750-950 ºC, an activation energy for conduction of 2.98 eV was determined by EIS measurements. Further, in this biphasic sample, the electronic conduction transport might be governed by the mayenite minor phase due to its large defect nature and concentration compared to celite. In oxidizing conditions, the activation energy for electrical conduction was 1.42 eV, which is somewhat higher than that observed by other authors in mayenite single phase; this result was explained by taking into account the coexistence of biphasic material and an actual chemical defect scenario in SMCM is discussed.

O cimento de aluminato de cálcio (CAC) tem sido estudado como um potencial material para aplicações na área da saúde tais como, endodontia e de reconstrução óssea. Tais estudos têm sido baseados em produtos comerciais compostos por uma mistura de fases. Melhorias neste sentido podem ser alcançadas pesquisando as rotas de síntese do CAC visando o adequado balanço entre as fases e o controle das impurezas que podem prejudicar a sua atuação em aplicações nas áreas da saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção das fases de CAC por meio das misturas de Al2O3-CaCO3 ou Al2O3-CaO, utilizando-se a difração de raios X para a caracterização. A produção isolada das fases permite que as suas propriedades possam ser estudadas a fim de determinar uma mistura mais adequada para melhor atender as necessidades do cimento endodôntico a base de CAC e outras. A rota Al2O3-CaO possibilitou a produção das fases de interesse (CA, CA2, C3A e C12A7) com maior pureza comparada aquela no sistema Al2O3-CaCO3. Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) has been studied as a potential material for applications in the areas of health such as, endodontics and bone reconstruction. These studies have been based on commercial products consisting of a mixture of phases. Improvements can be attained by investigating the synthesis routes of CAC aiming the proper balance between the phases and the control of impurities that may impair its performance for biomedical applications. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the CAC synthesis routes in the Al2O3-CaCO3 and Al2O3-CaO systems, as well as the phase characterization attained by means of X-ray analysis. Thus the particular properties of these phases can be evaluated to define a more suitable composition that results in better properties for an endodontic cement and other applications. The Al2O3-CaO route enabled the production of the target phases (CA, CA2, C3A and C12A7) with a higher purity compared to the Al2O3-CaCO3 one.

Calcium aluminate cements (CAC) were prepared using the sonochemical process, followed by heat treatment. A study was made of the action of ultrasonic waves and the influence of thermal treatment conditions on two initial molar compositions of 1:1 and 1:2 of calcia:alumina. The aqueous suspension containing the raw materials (A-50 alumina and CaO) was subjected to an ultrasonic bath, followed by drying and burning at 1000, 1200 and 1300 ºC. These cements were characterized by SEM, XRD and the mechanical strength was evaluated by splitting tensile tests, using commercial cement as a reference. Furthermore, the phases were semi-quantified using the Rietveld method. The results show that hydration and sonochemical action increased the reactivity of the raw materials during firing and that phase formation is dependent on the thermal treatment conditions. The CAC cements were obtained at temperatures at least 200 ºC lower than those used in conventional methods, indicating the potential of this route of synthesis.

The metallurgical concepts with regard to the structures and properties of calcium aluminate melts have been based upon analogies within ternary CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems. In this work the results of surface tension, density and viscosity of some calcium aluminate slags, in the temperature range of 1500 to 1600°C are presented and the results are discussed based upon recent structural characterisation results of crystalline aluminates. The compositional range investigated was from 45 to 53 weight-% alumina. The results indicate a reduction in density as the molar ratio CaO-Al2O3 decreases. Surface tension falls on increasing either the molar ratio CaO-Al2O3 or temperature. Conversely, viscosity increases with increasing molar ratio CaO-Al2O3 and decreasing temperature. The compositional dependence of both surface tension and viscosity data may be associated with the presence of some aluminium ions in octahedral co-ordination, and a concept of surface behaviour is proposed which involves surface activity of aluminate anions containing aluminium ions in a reduced valence state, such as Al2+.Los conceptos metalúrgicos con respecto a la estructura y propiedades de los aluminatos de calcio, están predominantemente basados en analogías con el sistema ternario CaO-Al2O3-SiO2. En este trabajo se presentan y discuten los resultados de medidas de tensión superficial, densidad y viscosidad de algunas escorias de aluminato de calcio, en la franja de temperatura entre 1.500 y 1.650°C, a la luz de investigaciones recientes sobre caracterización de la estructura vítrea de aluminatos y alumino- silicatos. La faja de composición investigada fue de 45 a 52% en peso de alúmina. Los resultados indican una reducción en la densidad con la disminución de la razón molar CaO: Al2O3. La tensión superficial disminuye con el aumento de la relación molar CaO: Al2O3 o con el aumento de la temperatura, en tanto que la viscosidad aumenta con la elevación del contenido de alúmina y disminuye con el aumento de la temperatura. El comportamiento observado en los valores de tensión superficial y viscosidad con la variación de la composición, puede estar asociado a la presencia de algunos iones de aluminio en coordinación octaédrica que, a su vez, pueden presentar una proporción de aluminatos conteniendo iones de aluminio en reducido estado de valencia, tal como Al2+.

The metallurgical concepts with regard to the structures and properties of calcium aluminate melts have been based upon analogies within ternary CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems. In this work the results of surface tension, density and viscosity of some calcium aluminate slags, in the temperature range of 1500 to 1600°C are presented and the results are discussed based upon recent structural characterisation results of crystalline aluminates. The compositional range investigated was from 45 to 53 weight-% alumina. The results indicate a reduction in density as the molar ratio CaO-Al2O3 decreases. Surface tension falls on increasing either the molar ratio CaO-Al2O3 or temperature. Conversely, viscosity increases with increasing molar ratio CaO-Al2O3 and decreasing temperature. The compositional dependence of both surface tension and viscosity data may be associated with the presence of some aluminium ions in octahedral co-ordination, and a concept of surface behaviour is proposed which involves surface activity of aluminate anions containing aluminium ions in a reduced valence state, such as Al2+. Los conceptos metalúrgicos con respecto a la estructura y propiedades de los aluminatos de calcio, están predominantemente basados en analogías con el sistema ternario CaO-Al2O3-SiO2. En este trabajo se presentan y discuten los resultados de medidas de tensión superficial, densidad y viscosidad de algunas escorias de aluminato de calcio, en la franja de temperatura entre 1.500 y 1.650°C, a la luz de investigaciones recientes sobre caracterización de la estructura vítrea de aluminatos y alumino- silicatos. La faja de composición investigada fue de 45 a 52% en peso de alúmina. Los resultados indican una reducción en la densidad con la disminución de la razón molar CaO: Al2O3. La tensión superficial disminuye con el aumento de la relación molar CaO: Al2O3 o con el aumento de la temperatura, en tanto que la viscosidad aumenta con la elevación del contenido de alúmina y disminuye con el aumento de la temperatura. El comportamiento observado en los valores de tensión superficial y viscosidad con la variación de la composición, puede estar asociado a la presencia de algunos iones de aluminio en coordinación octaédrica que, a su vez, pueden presentar una proporción de aluminatos conteniendo iones de aluminio en reducido estado de valencia, tal como Al2+.