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Mohammed AlMuqbil,1– 3 Jawaher Alanazi,2 Nada Alsaif,1 Duaa Baarmah,2 Waleed Altwaijri,1,2 Ahmad Alrumayyan,1,2 Muhammad Talal Alrifai,1,2 Fatmah Othman,3,4 Hassan Al-shehri,5 Saif Alsaif1,3 1College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Division of Pediatric Neurology, King Abdullah Specialist Children’s Hospital (KASCH), National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health-Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammed AlMuqbil, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 50533 7752, Email almuqbilmo@mngha.med.saObjective: This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and factors associated with neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and its neurodevelopmental outcomes.Methods: We conducted retrospective case-control research to investigate the clinical and labour-related risk factors for HIE. In addition, a single-centre cohort study was conducted on infants with HIE to describe their neurodevelopment from birth to 24 months. For this investigation, cases with a diagnosis of HIE who were born at King Abdullah Children’s Specialist Hospital (KASCH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2015 and 2019 were identified and matched with controls from the same facility (1:4). Each case’s clinical information was extracted using electronic medical records. In addition, 24-month follow-up HIE cases were included in a cohort study to describe their neurodevelopmental outcomes.Results: The sample includes 60 infants diagnosed with HIE and 234 infants serving as controls, with a mean gestational age of 38.8 weeks (SD 1.6) and a predominance of males (56.4%). Around one-third of the HIE cases (36.6%) had moderate HIE (stage 2), whereas 35.1% of infants had severe HIE (stage 3), according to Sarnat staging. Compared to the control group, children with HIE were twice as likely to be born to mothers with maternal comorbidities and more likely to have prepartum and intrapartum complications. A 24-month follow-up of neurodevelopmental outcomes for HIE babies revealed that approximately 24% exhibited delays in gross motor skill development, 22% in fine motor skill development, 33% in language skill development, and 22% in social skill development.Conclusion: In the HIE group, maternal comorbidities and prepartum or intrapartum complications were more common. The severity grade of HIE can be used to predict neurodevelopmental consequences. Enhancing patient care and rehabilitation requires a minimum of 24 months of neurodevelopmental follow-up.Keywords: hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, seizure, perinatal asphyxia

Faisal Alsaif,1 Lina Neel,2 Saleh Almuaiqel,1 Abdulaziz Almuhanna,1 Jude Feda,3 Nouf Alrumaihi,4 Omar Alanazi,3 Mohammed Almansour,3 Majda Fuad Saeed,3 Mona Soliman3 1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Saudi Commission of Health Specialties, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mona Soliman, Head of Medical Education Department, Professor of Medical Education and Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966505468581, Email msoliman1@ksu.edu.saBackground: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a sudden shift to online education. PBL was one of the components that was transformed to online. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the sudden shift to virtual PBL during COVID-19 pandemic in achieving the intended learning objectives of the PBL and to explore the students’ perception of the virtual versus traditional PBL.Methods: This is a retrospective study that was conducted in the college of medicine, King Saud University. We compared the perception of third year students who participated in traditional face-to-face PBL in 2019– 2020 and in the virtual PBL in 2020– 2021. We compared the performance of the students in the traditional face-to-face and in virtual PBL. An online survey was distributed from October to December 2021. The survey contained 7 sections. Each section included several questions comparing virtual and traditional PBL in that aspect.Results: Out of 284 third year medical students, 124 students responded with a response rate of 43.66%. More than half of the students (n = 77, 63%) felt significantly motivated to actively participate in PBL sessions in a virtual learning environment, motivated to learn and support group work and gained critical thinking skills (mean = 3.54 ± 0.12 versus 3.59 ± 0.14, p < 0.001). The majority of students (n = 82, 66%) felt significantly more satisfied about their learning during the virtual PBL versus traditional PBL (mean = 3.48 ± 0.42 versus 3.91 ± 0.59, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the students’ performance in traditional versus virtual PBL (mean = 4.77 ± 0.22 versus 4.79 ± 0.29, p = 0.2).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that students were significantly more satisfied with the experience in the virtual versus traditional PBL. Medical students’ performances in virtual PBL were comparable to the traditional face-to-face approach.Keywords: COVID-19, problem-based learning, PBL, traditional, virtual, learning, medical students

Background and Objectives: This study aims to compare the outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy (PnR) versus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. An electronic search was conducted identifying six comparative studies of PnR versus PPV for RRD enrolling 1,061 patients. The primary outcome was visual acuity (VA). Anatomical success and complications were the secondary outcomes. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in VA between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the odds of re-attachment favoring PPV over PnR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, P < 0.00001). No statistically significant difference was found in final anatomical success (OR = 1.00, P = 1.00) and the development of cataracts (OR = 0.34, P = 0.61). Other complications, including retinal tears and postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy, were more frequently reported in the PnR group. Conclusion: PPV has a higher rate of primary reattachment compared to PnR for treating RRD with comparable final anatomical success, complications, and VA outcomes. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:xx–xx.]

In 2019 a new Syndrome appear on the Large numbers of people like (High temperature, cough, Loss of sense of smell and taste(forcing a lot of them to enter the critical care unit after while the virus how case this syndrome named (SARS-CoV2). The aim of this paper is recognize the patient who effected by covid-19 or not using x- ray images. Deep learning techniques utilized to classify these images by using convolutional neural network (CNN). The dataset have been utilized in this work consist of 1000 x-ray images collected from kaggle website and divided it into 80% for training and 20% for validation. The proposed method using the pertained networks such as (EffienentNet B0, ResNet50) to minimize the training time with high performance, where the EffienentNet B0 network give high accuracy is 98.5%,finaly the model has been implemented on raspberry pi3 successfully for classification task.

The methods of detecting objects and tracking their movements are among the methods that are relied upon in many fields, whether medical or industrial, and others. One of these areas that will rely on deep learning meth-ods in discovering and distinguishing the player's movements is the sports field and is very useful in games in which the player's degree depends on the accura-cy of the performance of the movement, such as the gymnastics game, where it was applied to the static ring gymnastics game, where the distinction of move-ments was discovered the stability in this game is based on a convolutional neu-ral network. Models. The neural network was trained on five of the most im-portant stability movements in this game after creating the data set based on a set of videos of tournaments held in the period from 2016-2022, where an aver-age of 1500 images were obtained for each stability movement, which was di-vided into 80% for training and 20 % for testing, after training the convolution-al neural network model, it was applied to a group of video clips for different tournaments. Many criteria were adopted to measure the efficiency of the model after training and practical application, which showed the efficiency of the pro-posed system.

This research aims to determine how to guess individual Arabic words based on visual cues such as lip movement and form extraction. A three-step process was developed to accomplish this goal, the first of which is the identification of the face. Second, the lip region is targeted, and finally, the movement of the speaking lips is analyzed to determine what is being said. This research proposes an alternative approach that uses biometric engineering features extracted from the changing shapes of the lips to make the best guess at the word being spoken. This method uses a set of 20 landmarks around the mouth's outer and inner edges, the high point of an open mouth, and the point where the upper and lower lips meet. The proposed study took a different approach by looking at the shape of the lips and how the points on the upper and lower lips move, as well as figuring out what was being said (the outer and the inner).

One of the leading causes of female infertility is PCOS, which is a hormonal disorder affecting women of childbearing age. The common symptoms of PCOS include increased acne, irregular period, increase in body hair, and overweight. Early diagnosis of PCOS is essential to manage the symptoms and reduce the associated health risks. Nonetheless, the diagnosis is based on Rotterdam criteria, including a high level of androgen hormones, ovulation failure, and polycystic ovaries on the ultrasound image (PCOM). At present, doctors and radiologists manually perform PCOM detection using ovary ultrasound by counting the number of follicles and determining their volume in the ovaries, which is one of the challenging PCOS diagnostic criteria. Moreover, such physicians require more tests and checks for biochemical/clinical signs in addition to the patient’s symptoms in order to decide the PCOS diagnosis. Furthermore, clinicians do not utilize a single diagnostic test or specific method to examine patients. This paper introduces the data set that includes the ultrasound image of the ovary with clinical data related to the patient that has been classified as PCOS and non-PCOS. Next, we proposed a deep learning model that can diagnose the PCOM based on the ultrasound image, which achieved 84.81% accuracy using the Inception model. Then, we proposed a fusion model that includes the ultrasound image with clinical data to diagnose the patient if they have PCOS or not. The best model that has been developed achieved 82.46% accuracy by extracting the image features using MobileNet architecture and combine with clinical features.

Polymer nanocomposite films combining polyaniline (PANI) and lead (II) sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles (PbSNPs) were effectively synthesized using a casting solution approach for use in optical energy applications. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy showed that PbSNPs were successfully introduced into the PANI matrix. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that lead (II) sulfide was homogenously loaded and distributed in the PANI chain. Using ultraviolet–visible optical absorbance, the optical parameters of PANI/PbSNPs were evaluated, including absorption edge (E d), bandgap (E g), carbon cluster number (N) and Urbach energies (E u). PbSNPs were investigated for their impact on PANI polymer linear optical as well as non-linear optical characteristics, including refractive index, non-linear susceptibility and dielectric parameter. When comparing the PANI/PbSNP film to the pure PANI film, the bandgap of the PANI/PbSNP samples was found to be reduced significantly. However, the addition of PbSNPs increased the predicted value of optical conductivity and the carbon cluster number. The addition of PbSNPs to the PANI polymer improved its optical characteristics, resulting in a synthetic composite that can be used in energy applications as well as optoelectronic devices.

Ransomware attacks are one of the most dangerous related crimes in the coin market. To increase the challenge of fighting the attack, early detection of ransomware seems necessary. In this article, we propose a high-performance Bitcoin transaction predictive system that investigates Bitcoin payment transactions to learn data patterns that can recognize and classify ransomware payments for heterogeneous bitcoin networks into malicious or benign transactions. The proposed approach makes use of three supervised machine learning methods to learn the distinctive patterns in Bitcoin payment transactions, namely, logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). We evaluate these ML-based predictive models on the BitcoinHeist ransomware dataset in terms of classification accuracy and other evaluation measures such as confusion matrix, recall, and F1-score. It turned out that the experimental results recorded by the XGBoost model achieved an accuracy of 99.08%. As a result, the resulting model accuracy is higher than many recent state-of-the-art models developed to detect ransomware payments in Bitcoin transactions.

Background: Genetic testing has become an invaluable tool for the fight against cancer. Yet the general population of Saudi Arabia shows a lack of awareness and utilization of this tool. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the Saudi population toward genetic cancer screening. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh. Participants were asked complete a self-administered survey to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Results: Of the 217 individuals surveyed, relatively few had heard of genetic screening for cancer (16.1%) and even fewer had known what genetic cancer screening was (6.9%). Almost all participants had never been genetically tested before (90.3%). About 82.9% of participants would want to know their results if they were genetically tested and 60.3% were likely to share their results with family members even if they were indicated to have a low risk of cancer. Lifestyle changes were highly likely (84.3%) if participants had tested positive for cancer and general perception of medical advancements was positive (70.5%). Some of the perceived barriers toward genetic cancer screening were: lack of awareness of availability (68.2%), lack of knowledge of nearby clinics (67.8%), results of the test (53.4%), and fear of the effect on family (51.6%). Conclusion: The general Saudi population demonstrated poor levels of knowledge of genetic testing and a lack of awareness that such a tool exists. Genetic Cancer Screening educational campaigns could be useful in increasing knowledge among the population and reducing the perceived barriers to testing.

Image transformation provide deep meaning about images feature, so many type of image transformation are appear in the last decade years, one of them is curvelet transformation which improve the image processing techniques specially in field of feature extraction. Personal authentication adopt biometric information to be one of the major coefficients in this field. Palm print one of the main approaches for personal identification. So studying the moments extracted from coefficients of curvelet transform of palm print image adopted in order to get high efficient system for personalization systems. Two major phases are constructed in this research to adopt the moments of low frequency coefficient of the curvelet for personal identification. In the first phase a database was built for 50 persons by acquisition nine images for both hands (9 for left hand and 9for right hand). images are acquired and then processed to extract ROI (region of interest) by looking for the palm centroid then a square shape will be fixed based on that centroid. This preprocess play an important step for stable features. Histogram is applied to the images and then apply SOBLE operator and morphological operation to highlight features of palm print, then apply decomposition on each image based on curvelet transformation. Select low frequency coefficient (which hold the details). Evaluation of seven moments for each image (18images) then store there in the database file (so each person will have 126 values), this phase called personal database preparation. While the second phase is the detection phase, which apply the same steps to evaluate the moments as done in first phase then go through the database looking for the closest person to the tested one. System evaluation measured by statistical metrics which show good result goes up to 96% when applied on 50 person with different acquisition conditions. Also the effect of ROI dimension with individual hands and integrated both of them studied, which yield to recommended dimension of 192*192.

Objectives: This study aimed to adapt the survey questionnaire designed by Moens et al. (2021) and determine the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the survey in a sample of the Saudi population experiencing teleworking.Methods: The questionnaire includes 2 sections. The first consists of 13 items measuring the impact of extended telework during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. The second section includes 6 items measuring the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on self-view of telework and digital meetings. The survey instrument was translated based on the guidelines for the cultural adaptation of self-administrated measures.Results: The reliability of the questionnaire responses was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. The construct validity was checked through exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to further assess the factor structure. CFA revealed that the model had excellent fit (root mean square error of approximation, 0.00; comparative fit index, 1.0; Tucker-Lewis index, 1; standardized root mean squared residual, 0.0).Conclusions: The Arabic version of the teleworking questionnaire had high reliability and good validity in assessing experiences and perceptions toward teleworking. While the validated survey examined perceptions and experiences during COVID-19, its use can be extended to capture experiences and perceptions during different crises.

The purpose of the current study was to compare outcomes of diclofenac versus corticosteroids following strabismus surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. An electronic search was performed to include comparative studies of diclofenac versus corticosteroids following strabismus surgery. The analysis was based on fixed and random effect models. Primary outcomes included discomfort, chemosis, inflammation, conjunctival gap, intraocular pressure, and conjunctival injection. Secondary outcomes were conjunctival congestion, discharge, and drop intolerance. Eight studies with a sample of 469 eyes were included. At weeks 1 and 4 postoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences between the diclofenac and corticosteroid groups, except for conjunctival injection at week 1 (mean difference [MD] = −0.21, P = .04) favoring diclofenac. Interestingly, all primary outcomes significantly favored diclofenac at week 2: discomfort (MD = −0.34, P = .03), conjunctival chemosis (MD = −0.16, P = .04), conjunctival inflammation (MD = −0.16, P = .02), conjunctival gap (MD = −0.17, P = .002), intraocular pressure (MD = −2.53, P < .00001), and conjunctival injection (MD = −0.30, P = .03). Moreover, conjunctival congestion was significantly improved for dexamethasone, whereas discharge and drop intolerance was not statistically different. Diclofenac is comparable to various corticosteroids when used following strabismus surgery. However, it is important to note that diclofenac yielded significant improvements in discomfort, conjunctival chemosis, inflammation, conjunctival gap, intraocular pressure, and conjunctival injection, mainly at 2 weeks postoperatively. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 20XX;X(X):XX–XX.]

Abdullah A Alrasheed,1,2 Amaal N Wafa,3 Reham H Hamouda,4 Sawsan A Alharthi,5 Hour M AlMotairi,3 Khalid F Alsadhan,1,2 Haytham I AlSaif,1,2 Turky H Almigbal1,2 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Family Medicine, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdullah A Alrasheed, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 55 644 0445, Email abdullahalrasheed03@gmail.comPurpose: The doctor–patient relationship is often challenged by complex communication issues and nondisclosure of important related medical information, especially in diabetes management. Very little information is known about diabetic patient nondisclosure to their doctors. The present study evaluated the prevalence of nondisclosure of information by persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus to healthcare providers and its associated factors among the Saudi population, as well as the differences between persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted at King Saud University Medical City, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: A total of 285 participants were included in the study (155 [54.4%] and 130 [45.6%] type 1 and 2 diabetic patients, respectively). Having an unhealthy diet (25.3%, n = 72), not regularly exercising (23.5%, n = 67), hiding some glucose readings (23.2%, n = 65), and not following instructions for weight loss (22.8%, n = 44) were the most common types of nondisclosed information among diabetic patients. The nondisclosure of information was significantly higher among type 2 patients (29.2%) than type 1 diabetic patients (18.7%) in terms of not participating in regular exercise (p = 0.018). Similarly, the nondisclosure of information was significantly higher among persons with type 1 diabetes compared to persons with type 2 diabetes in terms of hiding some glucose readings (p < 0.001) and not disclosing hyperglycemia (p = 0.011).Conclusion: Nondisclosure of important related medical information among diabetic patients to their healthcare providers is prevalent among the Saudi population. Furthermore, the types and causes of nondisclosed information differ among persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Keywords: nondisclosure, diabetes mellitus, medical information, Saudi Arabia

The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) versus inferior oblique myectomy (IOM) in patients with primary inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) or secondary IOOA to superior nerve palsy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines and an electronic search was conducted to identify studies comparing IOAT versus IOM for IOOA. Residual inferior oblique function, reduction in hypertropia and post-operative complications were identified as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included superior oblique function, head tilt improvement, effect on the contralateral eye, operation time and macular changes. The analysis was based on fixed or random-effects modelling. Eleven studies enrolling 729 patients were identified. Inferior oblique function was not significantly different between both interventions, namely the elimination of IOOA (Odds Ratio[OR] = 0.97, P = 0.97), reduction in IOOA (Mean Difference[MD] = −0.06, P = 0.68), post-operative inferior oblique under-action (OR = 1.06, P = 0.83) and residual overaction (OR = 0.71, P = 0.15). Similarly, no significant difference was noted between both groups in reducing hypertropia. Regarding post-operative complications, no significant difference was observed, including the incidence of anti-elevation syndrome (P = 0.10). No significant difference was noted regarding superior oblique function, improvement in head tilt, effect on the contralateral eye and macular changes, although surgical time was shorter in the IOM group. In conclusion, IOAT and IOM are both effective surgical procedures in the management of IOOA as they produced comparable outcomes in the improvement in hypertropia, post-operative inferior oblique function and incidence of complications.

The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of 18 mW/cm 2 (5 minutes) versus 9 mW/cm 2 (10 minutes) accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking protocols in patients with progressive keratoconus.A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, and electronic information was searched to identify studies comparing the outcomes of 5- versus 10-minute protocols in patients with progressive keratoconus. Mean changes in uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, cylinder (diopters), thinnest corneal thickness, corneal keratometry values (K1 and K2), corneal high-order aberration (HOA), spherical aberration, coma, and trefoil were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures included the mean change in central corneal thickness and postoperative complications. Random effects modeling was used for the analysis.Four studies that enrolled 329 eyes were included. The 10-minute protocol had significantly improved outcomes compared with the 5-minute protocol for the mean changes in K1 and K2 ( P0.00001), corneal total HOA ( P = 0.0002), and corneal coma ( P = 0.00001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 protocols in uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, cylinder, thinnest corneal thickness, spherical aberration, or trefoil. The 5-minute protocol was associated with a significantly lower mean change in the central corneal thickness for secondary outcomes. In addition, no significant differences were found between the 2 protocols for postoperative complications.The 10-minute protocol had better K1, K2, and HOA outcomes than the 5-minute protocol, but no statistically significant differences in the other outcomes.

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are essential to the economic planning process in Saudi Arabia. This study examines the Human Resource (HR) practices of Saudi Arabian non-profit organizations. It is based on a primary survey administered to 201 employees of the four types of existing non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Saudi Arabia (Qur'an Memorization Society, Dawah Society, Specialized Society, and Development Committee) using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was intended for the eight existing HR practices: work design, HR planning, polarization, selection, training and development, motivation, performance evaluation, and job satisfaction. The ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were performed on the eight segments of the HR instruments to investigate the perspectives of HR professionals in the NPO sector. The findings of the study indicate that the HR practices are moderated by the gender, age, education, and years of experience of the employees. The work design has the highest awareness among the employees, with a mean of 4.05, while job satisfaction has the lowest awareness, with a mean of 3.18 on a 5-point scale. A correlation between HR practices shows that work design improves performance evaluation, polarization affects HR planning, and training and development influence performance evaluation.

Linear, nonlinear optical properties, photon buildup factors, and neutron shielding capability of glasses with chemical composition (65-x)B2O3-10Sb2O3-25Li2O-xBi2O3, where x = 0 (BSLB0) – 20 (BSLB20) mol% with steps of 4 mol% were examined. Molar refractivity (Rmolar) and molar polarizability (αmolar) were increased as Bi2O3 content mol% increase in the examined BSLB-glasses. The values of metallization criterion (Mcriterion) confirmed that the BSLB-glasses were non-metallic materials. The static (εstatic) and optical (εoptical) dielectric constants having the same trend of the refractive index (noptical). Values of optical electronegativity (χ*) were reduced from 0.825 for BSLB0 (Bi2O3 = 0 mol%) glasses to 0.758 for BSLB20 (Bi2O3 = 20 mol%) glasses. The linear electric/dielectric susceptibility (χ(1)) increased from 0.370 to 0.397. The nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ3) and nonlinear refractive index n2optical were enhanced by increasing Bi2O3 content in the BSLB-glasses. The BSLB20 glasses presented the least exposure and energy absorption build-up factors (EBF and EABF) at all considered thickness. BSLB20 sample achieved the best fast neutron removal cross section ( ) shield among all glasses. The total stopping powers (TSP) follows the trend (TSP)BSLB0 < (TSP)BSLB4 < (TSP)BSLB8 < (TSP)BSLB12 < (TSP)BSLB16 < (TSP)BSLB20. The electron absorbing and hence shielding capacity of the BSLB-glasses improves as their Bi2O3 content increase. KEY WORDS: Antimony lithium-borate glasses, Optical properties, Buildup factors, Neutron shielding Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 949-962. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.19 &nbsp

This rapidly changing digital world is always sensitive to improving security and resilience to protect the inhabitants of this ecosystem in terms of data, processes, repositories, communication, and functions. The transformation of this digital ecosystem is heavily dependent on cloud computing, as it is becoming the global platform for individuals, corporates, and even governments. Therefore, the concerns related to security are now linked closely with cloud computing. In this paper, a multi-cloud security framework takes a view on the development of security mechanisms to provide a diversion to the attacker. The purpose is to gain more time to analyze the attack and mitigate the intrusion without compromises. This mechanism is designed using the honeypot technology that has been around for some time but has not been used in cloud computing and other technologies. The proposed framework provides modules related to managing the multi-cloud platform, the intrusion detection and prevention system, and honeypots. The results show significant improvement in the accuracy of detecting attacks. These results are generated in a two-phase scenario, and the first phase has been analyzed without the engagement of the honeypot module presented in the framework. The second phase has been executed with same parameters and conditions by engaging the honeypot module. It includes a comparison taxonomy of both results and an in-depth study of existing honeypots, as well as critical design elements for current honeypot research and outstanding concerns for future honeypots in IoT, multi-cloud contexts.

Herein, the infrared spectroscopic properties of molecular succinic acid crystals (SA) and their four isotopic analogs [C

Microbial, mechanical, physical, and chemical factors are strong enough to endanger tooth pulp, resulting in alterations and inflammation of its vasculature, and causing intolerable pain. Clinical and technical management of diseases of these tissues is oftentimes very difficult due to the vastly varied anatomical nature of the pulpal space. Root canal treatment has been used to scavenge the diseased pulp and allow healing of the supporting tissues. In a small proportion of teeth, the creation of the apical root structure Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath may not be completed (causing an open apex) because of trauma or breach of the pulp by caries. In these scenarios, alternative techniques have been found, which regenerate a functional pulp tissue optimally. Regenerative endodontic procedures are biologically based techniques devised for predictable replacement of injured, infected, or missing structures with live viable tissues that restore the normal physiologic functions of the pulpdentine complex. Pulp revascularization is generally described as re-introduction of vascularity in the root canal system. Pulp regeneration, on the contrary, has not been accurately defined. Even though blood vessels are necessary components of dental pulp, pulpal regeneration is regarded incomplete without an odontoblastic layer bordering the dentin-pulp interface. Although the interactions with human pulp derived stem cells are still vague, it is suspected that conventional pulpal cells that resist infection can grow rapidly under the impact of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath even during the inflammation stage; generating odontoblasts which has the ability to give rise to a tubular dentin, triggering apexogenesis. It is understood that similar and consistent outcomes in the endodontics are not always achieved. The pace of apex maturogenesis differs due to distinctive conditions of each case. A possibility of chronic necrosis my strip the pulpal tissue of remnants of viable cells and may lead to reduced capabilities to regenerate.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of topical fluoride application and diode laser-irradiation on the hardness of demineralized enamel and to evaluate the esthetic improvement of the white spot lesions (WSLs) using a visual analog scale (VAS). Materials and Methods: Artificial WSLs (3x3 mm) were created on the enamel surface of 45 human third molars. The teeth were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 15): group A, fluoride only; group B, combined therapy of fluoride and diode laser; and group C, control. Vicker’s hardness number (VHN) was measured at baseline, after demineralization and after treatment. To evaluate the esthetic improvement after treatment, 14 raters evaluated each group’s photographs using a 100-millimeter VAS. A one-way ANOVA or Brown-Forsythe and Games-Howell post hoc procedure were performed for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05 for all tests. Results: Group A mean VHN was significantly higher than groups B and C, and group B was significantly higher than group C (P

Supplementary Material 1

Biometrics became fairly important to help people identifications persons by their individualities or features. In this paper, gait recognition has been based on a skeleton model as an important indicator in prevalent activities. Using the reliable dataset for the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA) of silhouettes class C database. Each video has been discredited to 75 frames for each (20 persons (10 males and 10 females)) as (1.0), the result will be 1,500 frames. After Pre-processing the images, many features are extracted from human silhouette images. For gender classification, the human walking skeleton used in this study. The model proposed is based on morphological processes on the silhouette images. The common angle has been computed for the two legs. Later, principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce data using feature selection technology to get the most useful information in gait analysis. Applying two classifiers artificial neural network (ANN) and Gaussian Bayes to distinguish male or female for each classifier. The experimental results for the suggested method provided significant accomplishing about (95.5%), and accuracy of (75%). Gender classification using ANN is more efficient from the Gaussian Bayes technique by (20%), where ANN technique has given a superior performance in recognition.

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a proven technology for HVDC applications due to its salient features such as modularity and excellent power quality. To ensure best possible grid support, recent grid codes require incorporating fault ride-through (FRT) strategies so that HVDC converter stations remain connected and maintain reliable operation under various symmetrical and asymmetrical AC faults. In this paper, a communication-free enhanced fault ride-through technique without the need of DC chopper has been proposed. The proposed FRT strategy ensures quick post fault recovery operation and can effectively manage DC link and capacitor voltages within safe limits. Along with proposed FRT strategy, in order to avoid high circulating current (CC) inside an MMC, this paper has proposed an optimal circulating current control approach based on proportional resonant and PI controllers in an abc reference frame. The suggested technique lowers the ripple in capacitor voltages while reducing the magnitude of the CC. Under both balanced and unbalanced ac grid conditions, the ripple in the dc link voltage is also reduced without the use of dual synchronous reference frame or any additional controllers. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed FRT and CC suppression techniques for a 580-kV, 850-MW MMC-based HVDC system.

Introduction Previous studies that investigated the clinical characteristics of sexual dysfunction in men in Saudi Arabia are limited. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of sexual dysfunction in men visiting an andrology clinic in Saudi Arabia. Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of sexual dysfunction in men visiting an andrology clinic in Saudi Arabia. Methods This study is a retrospective single-center cross-sectional study. A random sampling method was used to recruit participants between March and September 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patients’ characteristics. Continuous data were reported as mean ± SD. Chi-squared and multiple logistic regression were used to find the associations between patient's age (older and younger than 50 years) and clinical characteristics of the participants. Results In total, 21.3% participants had diabetes and 9.5% had hypertension. More younger males suffered from sexual problems (69.8%) compared to older males (30.2%). Also, 37.5% participants were overweight, while 25.3% had class I obesity. Most participants had normal follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. Approximately 69.5% had vitamin D insufficiency. Among those older than 50 years, 80.2% had diabetes (P < 0.05). Younger smokers accounted for 79% of the population, with a significant association between patient's age and smoking status (P < 0.05). Patients younger than 50 years with normal A1C levels had a 2.5 times higher risk of having sexual problems (P < 0.00, confidence interval 1.63–3.91). Conclusions MSD may be considered to be caused by other nonorganic problems. There is a significant need to increase Saudi men's awareness of sexual medicine. Disclosure No

Objective: To examine prenatal and postnatal predictors of survival in infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). Method: Six- years retrospective review of all cases of CDH born at King Abdulaziz Medical City , Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . Results: Twenty-seven infants (67.5%) survived to discharge. Non-survivors had a higher best , mean and highest OI (PConclusion: Our CDH survival rates of 67.5% are comparable to those of other international studies despite the lack of ECMO utilization and antenatal interventions. First day oxygenation indices were excellent predictors of survival and have a significant correlation with the DOV, LOS and TTS in infants with CDH.

A genetic disorder is a serious disease that affects a large number of individuals around the world. There are various types of genetic illnesses, however, we focus on mitochondrial and multifactorial genetic disorders for prediction. Genetic illness is caused by a number of factors, including a defective maternal or paternal gene, excessive abortions, a lack of blood cells, and low white blood cell count. For premature or teenage life development, early detection of genetic diseases is crucial. Although it is difficult to forecast genetic disorders ahead of time, this prediction is very critical since a person’s life progress depends on it. Machine learning algorithms are used to diagnose genetic disorders with high accuracy utilizing datasets collected and constructed from a large number of patient medical reports. A lot of studies have been conducted recently employing genome sequencing for illness detection, but fewer studies have been presented using patient medical history. The accuracy of existing studies that use a patient’s history is restricted. The internet of medical things (IoMT) based proposed model for genetic disease prediction in this article uses two separate machine learning algorithms: support vector machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Experimental results show that SVM has outperformed the KNN and existing prediction methods in terms of accuracy. SVM achieved an accuracy of 94.99% and 86.6% for training and testing, respectively.

Network intrusion detection is a significant issue faced by the Information technology industry. Hacker's attacks set of techniques cause confusion network and computer systems, therefore, the need for a network penetration detection process became urgent. This paper proposed an optimization method to detect the potential of attacks on network packets effectively by defining unfamiliar patterns in a massive volume of the network traffic. Initially, the packet characteristics are defined as the normal dispersal of attributes from the data packet. This algorithm is used a bio-inspired meta-heuristic technique named whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to detect systems against the attackers. The detection method whale optimization (DMWO) is applied to calculate the process of standard deviation distribution to judge the anomaly of the data packet. The simulation algorithm performed by OPNET and Matlab-2015a to main factors of DMGO to classify the input to check whether any attack is present or not. Finally, the performance of this algorithm is a better flexibility result compared with other algorithms DMCM and IHMM.

Developing the parameter estimation, particularly direction of arrival (DOA), utilizing the swarming intelligence-based flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is considered an optimistic solution. Therefore, in this paper, the features of FPA are applied for viable DOA in the case of several robust underwater scenarios. Moreover, acoustic waves impinging from the far-field multitarget are evaluated using the different number of hydrophones of uniform linear array (ULA). The measuring parameters like robustness against noise and element quantity, estimation accuracy, computation complexity, various numbers of hydrophones, variability analysis, frequency distribution and cumulative distribution function of root mean square error (RMSE), and resolution ability are applied for analyzing the performance of the proposed model with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). For this purpose, particle swarm optimization (PSO), minimum variance distortion-less response (MVDR), multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) standard counterparts are employed along with Crammer–Rao bound (CRB) to improve the worth of the proposed setup further. The proposed scheme for estimating the DOA generates efficient outcomes compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms over the Monte Carlo simulations.

Thiosemicarbazones have received noteworthy attention due to their numerous pharmacological activities. Various thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been reported to play a key role as potential chemotherapeutic agents for the management of cancer. Herein, we aimed to establish the anticancer efficacy of novel thiosemicarbazone derivative C4 against colon cancer