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[Background & Aims] Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major public health problem, but the prevalence of fibrosis associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is largely unknown in the general population. This study aimed to provide an updated estimation of the prevalence of NASH fibrosis in Spain., [Methods] This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study with merged data from two Spanish datasets: a large (N = 12 246) population-based cohort (ETHON), including transient elastography (TE) data, and a contemporary multi-centric biopsy-proven NASH cohort with paired TE data from tertiary centres (N = 501). Prevalence for each NASH fibrosis stage was estimated by crossing TE data from ETHON dataset with histology data from the biopsy-proven cohort., [Results] From the patients with valid TE in ETHON dataset (N = 11 440), 5.61% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.53-11.97) had a liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 8 kPa. The proportion attributable to NAFLD (using clinical variables and Controlled Attenuation Parameter) was 57.3% and thus, the estimated prevalence of population with LSM ≥ 8 kPa because of NAFLD was 3.21% (95% CI 1.13–8.75). In the biopsy-proven NASH cohort, 389 patients had LSM ≥ 8 kPa. Among these, 37% did not have significant fibrosis (F2-4). The estimated prevalence of NASH F2-3 and cirrhosis in Spain's adult population were 1.33% (95% CI 0.29–5.98) and 0.70% (95% CI 0.10–4.95) respectively., [Conclusions] These estimations provide an accurate picture of the current prevalence of NASH-related fibrosis in Spain and can serve as reference point for dimensioning the therapeutic efforts that will be required as NASH therapies become available., JC is a receptor of a grant of Fondo Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS): PI18/01304. Immunomediated Nonalcoholic SteaTohepatItis; prevalence and CharacTerization. INSTInCT.

Although approximately a third of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) also experience a mental health concern, caregivers often miss early identification of these issues. In this perspective piece, we present an outline for a mental health literacy program that can enhance existing training approaches for caregivers of individuals with IDD. We describe three processes of the Mental Health Awareness and Advocacy (MHAA) curriculum and detail how it provides a strong preventative model to train caregivers to increase their mental health literacy. In describing these processes, we provide illustrative examples and conclude by providing a brief vignette that highlights how this process could be used by caregivers to help reduce mental health concerns in individuals with IDD.

This study reports an osmium-based redox reporter that enables pH-insensitive and fast DNA-based molecular sensing, offering new possibilities for the study of short-lived dynamic molecular events.

Campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative motile bacterium, with two subspecies relevant for cattle health: C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) and C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff). Both subspecies are associated with reproductive losses in cattle. Herein, the C. fetus infection of three Angus bulls naturally challenged with Cfv, Cfv biovar intermedius (Cfvi) or Cff were assessed through conventional and molecular diagnosis of preputial smegma (PS) samples collected with different devices. The Cfv- and Cfvi-bulls were positive until at least 9 months. Although Cff is not considered a venereal strain, this study demonstrated its transmission to bull from heifers experimentally infected, with evidence of colonization and persistence in the preputial cavity for 5 to 6 months. This finding suggests a potential risk of dissemination of the bacteria within herds. The results obtained by bacteriological culture or direct immunofluorescence (DIF) showed no significant differences, regardless the sampling device used (aspiration with Cassou pipette, metal and plastic scraper). On the other hand, the qPCR for C. fetus detection yielded better results with an in-house DNA extraction method than with a commercial kit (75% vs 66.6%). Furthermore, the molecular diagnosis by qPCR was more efficient than culture (66.6%) or DIF (56%). Bacteremia in whole blood samples was negative by qPCR and bacteriological culture in all samples. PCR-based methods are promising for the diagnosis of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis from clinical samples of PS. This study demonstrated the transmission of Cff from heifers to bull.

As the myopia epidemic unfolds, there is growing urgency to identify and implement effective interventions to slow myopia progression. This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of an evidence-based myopia treatment algorithm in a clinical setting among 342 consecutive children.To evaluate effectiveness of a clinical treatment algorithm for myopia progression in children.A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using data from myopic children treated for at least 1 year with a defined treatment algorithm incorporating orthokeratology, multifocal lenses, and atropine. The main outcome measures were the percentage of children experiencing ≤0.25D of myopic cycloplegic spherical equivalent autorefraction (CSER) progression and ≤ 0.10 mm of axial elongation at 1, 2, and 3 years. The secondary outcome measures were the Cumulative Absolute Reduction of axial Elongation (CARE) values derived from age- and ethnicity-matched matched virtual control data at 1, 2, and 3 years.Mean annual CSER change (excluding orthokeratology) was -0.30 D, -0.20 D, and -0.13 D at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, with 59%, 56%, and 60% of patients demonstrating ≤0.25 D of change over the prior year. Mean annual axial elongation was 0.13 mm, 0.12 mm, and 0.09 mm at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, with 52%, 46%, and 65% of patients demonstrating ≤0.10 mm of change over the prior year. The CARE values were 0.11 mm, 0.20 mm, and 0.29 mm over 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively.The treatment algorithm demonstrated effective control of CSER and AL in a diverse group of progressive myopic children, supporting its use for the clinical management of childhood myopia.

Using stacking of images obtained at different epochs, we studied the variability properties of linear polarization of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets on parsec-scales. Our sample is drawn from the MOJAVE programme, and consists of 436 AGNs manifesting core-jet morphology and having at least five VLBA observing epochs at 15 GHz from January 1996 through August 2019, with some additional archival VLBA data reduced by us. We employed a stacking procedure and constructed maps of (i) standard deviation of fractional polarization and electric vector position angle (EVPA) over epochs as the measure of variability and (ii) median polarization degree to quantify typical values in time. The distributions of these values along and across the jet were analysed for the whole sample for the first time. We found that core EVPA variability is typically higher than that of the jet, presumably due to component blending and outflow bends in the core. The BL Lacertae object cores have lower EVPA variability, compared to that of quasars, possibly due to lower Faraday rotation measure, suggesting a stronger ordered magnetic field component. The EVPA becomes more stable down the jet. Most of the sources showing this trend have a time coverage of more than 12 years and at least 15 epochs. The possible cause could be the increase of stability in the magnetic field direction, reflecting an increase in the fraction of the magnetic field that is ordered. There are no significant optical-class-dependent or spectral-class-dependent relations in the EVPA variability properties in AGN jets., 15 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables; accepted by MNRAS; full electronic tables are available as ancillary files

El propósito de este artículo es indagar sobre los vínculos entre fandoms y la participación política desde experiencias situadas en Argentina. Para ello, realizamos un abordaje cualitativo del fandom de Harry Potter en este país mediante un análisis de estudios de caso: el Círculo de Lectores de Harry Potter y el deporte quidditch, recuperando investigaciones previas de los autores. Sostenemos que la pertenencia o vínculo con un fandom puede impulsar o acompañar al activismo político y social, y que la apropiación y adaptación creativa de la historia por parte de los fans promueve el posicionamiento frente a debates de actualidad que exceden su objeto de interés. Asimismo, los espacios ligados al fandom se proponen como lugares seguros en los que se busca lograr una conjunción entre afinidad y activismo. Finalmente, destacamos que la agenda feminista es la que más ha impactado en el fandom de Harry Potter.

The measurement of serum vancomycin levels at the clinic is critical to optimizing dosing given the narrow therapeutic window of this antibiotic. Current approaches to quantitate serum vancomycin levels are based on immunoassays, which are multistep methods requiring extensive processing of patient samples. As an alternative, vancomycin-binding electrochemical, aptamer-based sensors (E-ABs) were developed to simplify the workflow of vancomycin monitoring. E-ABs enable the instantaneous measurement of serum vancomycin concentrations without the need for sample dilution or other processing steps. However, the originally reported vancomycin-binding E-ABs had a dissociation constant of 45 μM, which is approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than the recommended trough concentrations of vancomycin measured in patients. This limited sensitivity hinders the ability of E-ABs to accurately support vancomycin monitoring. To overcome this problem, here we sought to optimize the length of the vancomycin-binding aptamer sequence to enable a broader dynamic range in the E-AB platform. Our results demonstrate, via isothermal calorimetry and E-AB calibrations in undiluted serum, that superior affinity and near-equal sensor gain in vitro can be achieved using a one-base-pair-longer aptamer than the truncated sequence originally reported. We validate the impact of the improved binding affinity in vivo by monitoring vancomycin levels in the brain cortex of live mice following intravenous administration. While the original sequence fails to resolve vancomycin concentrations from baseline noise (SNR = 1.03), our newly reported sequence provides an SNR of 1.62 at the same dose.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique used to obtain the electrical internal conductivity distribution from the interior of bodies. This is a promising method from the manufacturing viewpoint, since it could be used to estimate different physical inner body properties during the production of goods. Nevertheless, this technique requires dealing with an inverse problem that makes its usage in real-time processes challenging. Recently, Machine Learning techniques have been proposed to solve the inverse problem accurately. However, the majority of prior research is focused on qualitative results, and they typically lack a systematic methodology to determine the optimal hyperparameters appropriately. This work presents a systematic comparison of six popular Machine Learning algorithms: Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Elastic Net, Ada Boost, and Gradient Boosting. Particularly, the last two algorithms were based on decision tree learners. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between model performance and different EIT configurations. Specifically, we analyzed whether the measurement pattern and the number of used electrodes could increase the model performance. Experiments revealed that tree-based models present high performance, even better than Neural Networks, the most widely-used Machine Learning model to deal with EIT. Experiments also showed a model performance improvement when the EIT configuration was optimized. Most favorable metrics were attained using the tree-based Gradient Boosting model with a combination of both adjacent and mono measurement patterns as well as with 32 electrodes deployed during the tomographic process. With this particular setting, we achieved an accuracy of 99.14% detecting internal artifacts and a Root Mean Square Error of 4.75 predicting internal conductivity distributions This work has received financial support from the Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional (accreditation 2019–2022 ED431G-2019/04) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), which acknowledges the CiTIUS - Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela as a Research Center of the Galician University System. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature SI

Diet could be both culprit and solution of NAFLD. Dietary modifications have been associated with histological features improvement in NAFLD. The Western diet was related to a greater risk of disease progression while theMediterranean diet (MD) could promote regression of histological lesions. Modifications in the nutrient composition seems to have lesser impact on NAFLD than dietary modifications. An intrinsic interaction between nutrients in the diet support a specific effect not seen when added separately. Dietary modifications should focus on promoting weight loss but also look for patterns that are able to promote histological improvement. Although several micronutrients' deficit has been related to NAFLD progression, prescribing these micronutrients' supplementation did not reach a positive impact. However, an enriching diet with specific nutrients could be useful, like olive oil supplemented inMD. Geometry of nutrition defines a framework to better understand the interaction between nutrients, foods, and dietetic pattern in the model of diseases and how we could approach taking into consideration the interaction between meals and disease features. After analyzing baseline diet and histological lesions, we could calculate the distance to optimal diet and to promote changes in lifestyle to reach all these goals. A standard MD menu would be recommended., This study was supported by grants from ISCIII PI19/00589, PMP21/00078, and Junta de Andalucía P20_01075 and PYC20 RE010 USE to M.R.-G.; grants from Junta de Andalucía (UPO-1380683) to F.M. and GLD1900025 by Gilead-AEEH to R.A.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has overwhelmed healthcare systems all over the world. The aim of this article is to describe the process of transforming the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, the second largest hospital in Spain, into a COVID-19 centre coordinating response to the pandemic in its reference area.The study draws on the experience of the authors in transforming the hospital into a comprehensive resource in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategy is based on four central strategies: early planning, coordination of all healthcare agents in its reference area, definition of clear leadership roles, and the organisation of care based on multidisciplinary teams with minimal recruitment of new staff.The transformation strategy enabled the hospital to cope with the surge in patients without exceeding its capacity. During the response phases, which amounted to a period of 57 days, 3106 patients consulted the ER and 2054 were admitted, 346 of whom were treated at the ICU. To accommodate the number of adult COVID-19 patients, adult ICU availability was progressive increased by 371%, and ordinary beds increased by 240. A total of 671 staff members went on sick leave after testing positive for COVID-19.The transformation experience of the hospital provides insight into how effectively adapt the structures and functioning of large hospitals. The relevance of territorial coordination during the pandemic is stressed as an effective strategy that contributed coping the pandemic.

Funder: EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7-IDEAS-ERC - Specific Programme: ''Ideas'' Implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2007 to 2013)); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100011199; Grant(s): ERC-2012-StG_20111109 multsens, ERC-2012-StG_20111109 multsens, ERC-2012-StG_20111109 multsens, The brain adapts dynamically to the changing sensory statistics of its environment. Recent research has started to delineate the neural circuitries and representations that support this cross-sensory plasticity. Combining psychophysics and model-based representational fMRI and EEG we characterized how the adult human brain adapts to misaligned audiovisual signals. We show that audiovisual adaptation is associated with changes in regional BOLD-responses and fine-scale activity patterns in a widespread network from Heschl's gyrus to dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Audiovisual recalibration relies on distinct spatial and decisional codes that are expressed with opposite gradients and time courses across the auditory processing hierarchy. Early activity patterns in auditory cortices encode sounds in a continuous space that flexibly adapts to misaligned visual inputs. Later activity patterns in frontoparietal cortices code decisional uncertainty consistent with these spatial transformations. Our findings suggest that regions within the auditory processing hierarchy multiplex spatial and decisional codes to adapt flexibly to the changing sensory statistics in the environment.

Introducción: Razonamiento, creatividad, apertura, motivación, responsabilidad y neuroticismo son variables que habitualmente se han asociado con el rendimiento académico, sin embargo, apenas existen estudios que examinen conjuntamente los efectos de estos factores. El objetivo fue estudiar algunas de las variables que afectan al rendimiento académico y construir un modelo que las incluya. Método: 281 estudiantes universitarios (M = 21.16; DT = 3.14; 20% hombres) a los que se aplicaron el NEO-FFI, el Factor R del PMA, un test de creatividad y una escala de Motivación de Logro de forma presencial. Resultados: Los instrumentos utilizados obtuvieron unas buenas propiedades psicométricas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en creatividad en función del sexo y en creatividad y razonamiento en función del tipo de estudios. Se propuso un modelo mediante ecuaciones estructurales para explicar el rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: El rendimiento académico puede explicarse a partir de varias variables: razonamiento, creatividad, apertura, motivación y responsabilidad.

Oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on the coordinated action of protein disulfide isomerases and ER oxidoreductins (EROs). Strict dependence of ERO activity on molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor implies that oxidative protein folding and other ER processes are severely compromised under hypoxia. Here, we isolated viable Arabidopsis thaliana ero1 ero2 double mutants that are highly sensitive to reductive stress and hypoxia. To elucidate the specific redox dynamics in the ER in vivo, we expressed the glutathione redox potential (EGSH) sensor Grx1-roGFP2iL-HDEL with a midpoint potential of −240 mV in the ER of Arabidopsis plants. We found EGSH values of −241 mV in wild-type plants, which is less oxidizing than previously estimated. In the ero1 ero2 mutants, luminal EGSH was reduced further to −253 mV. Recovery to reductive ER stress induced by dithiothreitol was delayed in ero1 ero2. The characteristic signature of EGSH dynamics in the ER lumen triggered by hypoxia was affected in ero1 ero2 reflecting a disrupted balance of reductive and oxidizing inputs, including nascent polypeptides and glutathione entry. The ER redox dynamics can now be dissected in vivo, revealing a central role of EROs as major redox integrators to promote luminal redox homeostasis.

Rapid diagnostics that can accurately inform patients of disease risk and protection are critical to mitigating the spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks. To be effective, such diagnostics must rely on simple, cost-effective, and widely available equipment and should be compatible with existing telehealth infrastructure to facilitate data access and remote care. Commercial glucometers are an established detection technology that can overcome the cost, time, and trained personnel requirements of current benchtop-based antibody serology assays when paired with reporter molecules that catalyze glucose conversion. To this end, we developed an enzymatic reporter that, when bound to disease-specific patient antibodies, produces glucose in proportion to the level of antibodies present in the patient sample. Although a straightforward concept, the coupling of enzymatic reporters to secondary antibodies or antigens often results in low yields, indeterminant stoichiometry, reduced target binding, and poor catalytic efficiency. Our enzymatic reporter is a novel fusion protein that comprises an antihuman immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody genetically fused to two invertase molecules. The resulting fusion protein retains the binding affinity and catalytic activity of the constituent proteins and serves as an accurate reporter for immunoassays. Using this fusion, we demonstrate quantitative glucometer-based measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in blinded clinical sample training sets. Our results demonstrate the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs in patient serum with precise agreement to benchmark commercial immunoassays. Because our fusion protein binds all human IgG isotypes, it represents a versatile tool for detection of disease-specific antibodies in a broad range of biomedical applications.

Resumen Antecedentes La esteatosis hepatica metabolica (EHmet) es la causa mas frecuente de hepatopatia cronica en nuestro medio. El «gold standard» para su diagnostico sigue siendo la biopsia hepatica, pero es una tecnica invasiva, no exenta de riesgos, con gran variabilidad interobservador por lo que son necesarios metodos no invasivos de diagnostico. Objetivo Determinar la exactitud diagnostica de indices no invasivos basados en datos clinicos y analiticos comparada con la biopsia hepatica, y analizar la concordancia de estos entre si en la cohorte global y en subpoblaciones de riesgo de EHmet. Metodos Estudio observacional prospectivo de 245 pacientes entre 19 y 80 anos diagnosticados de EHmet mediante biopsia hepatica. Se calcularon indices de esteatosis: Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Liver Accumulation Product (LAP), Hepatitis Score Index HSI) y de fibrosis: Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score, indice fibrosis-4 (FIB-4)y Hepamet Fibrosis Score (HFS). Resultados Los indices no invasivos de esteatosis demostraron alta sensibilidad y los de fibrosis alta especificidad. Para valorar esteatosis el FLI fue el indice mas sensible en todas las subpoblaciones (89-97%) excepto en mujeres. Para valorar fibrosis el HFS ofrece maxima sensibilidad en diabeticos (86,7%) y es el indice con mayor valor predictivo negativo en global. las curvas COR para indices no invasivos en esteatosis y fibrosis comparado con biopsia hepatica mostraron mayores areas bajo la curva para los indices de fibrosis, siendo el NFS y HFS los que ofrecen mayor exactitud diagnostica (area > 0,8, p Conclusiones Los indices no invasivos de esteatosis son mas sensibles y los de fibrosis mas especificos comparados con la biopsia hepatica. El NFS y el HFS, los que ofrecen mayor exactitud diagnostica, siendo el HFS el que presenta mayor valor predictivo negativo

Defining quantitative soil health goals can support efforts to improve soil quality and meet broader ecosystem services goals, while simultaneously helping field-level benchmarking of soil health on farms. But soil health metrics in agricultural systems require edaphic context, notably climate, soil type (soil texture and classification), as well as cropping system. Soil samples (n=1,328) from New York State (USA) with Land Resource Regions (LRR), texture, and cropping system information were analyzed for eight physical and biological soil health indicators (soil organic matter, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, respiration, protein, available water capacity, wet aggregate stability, and penetration resistance from 0-15 and 15-45 cm), and population distribution functions were determined. Production environment soil health (PESH) goals were derived for four soil texture groups and six cropping systems by proposing the 75 and 90 percentile for each factorial class. Finer-textured soils and Pasture and Mixed Vegetable cropping systems generally had the highest values for soil health goals, followed by Dairy Crop and Orchard systems, then Annual Grain, and lastly Processing Vegetable systems. Long Island (LRR-S) had soil organic matter PESH goals that were on average 0.7 % lower than the rest of New York State (LRRs-L&R). This implies that regional PESH goals within a state or region may be warranted if edaphic context is considerably different.

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of previous antibiotic therapy in the risk of recurrence after a Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) treated with vancomycin.MethodsMulticentre observational study. Patients with a CDI episode achieving clinical cure with oral vancomycin and followed up 8 weeks were included. Previous antibiotic exposure up to 90 days was collected. Multivariate analysis of predictors of recurrence adjusted by the propensity score (PS) of being previously treated with each non-CDI antibiotic was performed.ResultsTwo hundred and forty-one patients were included; 216 (90%) had received systemic antibiotics. Fifty-three patients (22%) had a CDI recurrence. Rates of recurrence were lower in those treated with piperacillin/tazobactam in the last month when compared with those not receiving piperacillin/tazobactam [3 (7%) versus 50 (25%); P = 0.01], whereas higher rates were seen in those treated with cephalosporins in the last month [26/87 (30%) versus 27/154 (17%); P = 0.03]. In multivariate analysis controlled by the inverse probability of treatment weighting by PS, receiving ≥5 days of piperacillin/tazobactam in the last month as the last antibiotic regimen prior to CDI was independently associated with a lower risk of recurrence [adjusted OR (AOR) 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06–0.29; P ConclusionsRecent use of piperacillin/tazobactam might be associated with a lower risk of CDI recurrence, while recent use of cephalosporins might promote an increased risk. These findings should be considered when treating hospitalized patients.

The research on Masculinity and Femininity has a long history. Despite this, there is still discussion about the nature of these concepts. In the present study, the development of the Oviedo Gender Roles Scale (GRSO) is presented. A sample of 612 participants belonging to general Spanish population is used (Myears = 34.2; SDyears = 15.9). The dimensionality, discrimination indices, reliability and evidence of convergent and divergent validity of the instrument were studied. In addition, differences in general (Big Five model) and specific personality traits based on sex were measured and an ANCOVA was performed controlling the variables of Masculinity and Femininity. A good fit to a three-factor multidimensional structure, with Cronbach’s alphas indicating good reliability (Socioemotional = .75; Comparison = .81; Aggressiveness = .77) and adequate evidence of validity were observed. Differences based on sex were observed in various personality traits, but when controlling for Masculinity and Femininity, such differences disappeared. ERGO is a reliable and valid test for the study of gender roles. The implication of a multidimensional approach on Masculinity and Femininity is discussed. La investigación de la Masculinidad y la Feminidad posee una larga trayectoria. A pesar de ello, aún se continúa discutiendo sobre la naturaleza de estos conceptos. En el presente estudio, se presenta el desarrollo de la Escala de Roles de Género de Oviedo (ERGO). Se empleó una muestra de 612 participantes procedentes de la población general española (Maños = 34.2; DTaños = 15.9). Se estudió la dimensionalidad, los índices de discriminación, la fiabilidad y las evidencias de validez divergente y convergente del instrumento. Además, se estudiaron diferencias en rasgos generales (modelo Big Five) y específicos de personalidad en función del sexo, y se realizó un ANCOVA controlando las variables de Masculinidad y Feminidad. Se observó un buen ajuste a una estructura multidimensional de tres factores, con alfas de Cronbach indicando una fiabilidad buena (Socioemocional = .75; Comparación = .81; Agresividad = .77) y adecuadas evidencias de validez. Se observaron diferencias en función del sexo en varios rasgos de personalidad, pero, al controlar la Masculinidad y Feminidad, las diferencias desaparecieron. El ERGO es una prueba válida y fiable para el estudio de los roles de género. Se discute la implicación de una aproximación multidimensional de la Masculinidad y Feminidad.

Cable bacteria are multicellular filamentous bacteria that conduct electrons nonlocally between anoxic and oxic sediment regions, creating characteristic electrogenic pH fingerprints. These microbes aggregate in 3D patterns near biogenic structures, and filament fragments are also dispersed throughout deposits. Utilizing pH-sensitive planar optodes to investigate the dynamic response of electrogenic pH fingerprints to sediment reworking, we found that mobile bioturbators like nereid polychaetes (ragworms) can disturb the pH signatures. Sudden sediment disturbance associated with burrows at sub- to multi-centimeter scales eliminates detection of pH signatures. However, electrogenic pH fingerprints can recover in as little as 13 h near abandoned, closed burrows. Sequential collapse and regeneration of electrogenic pH fingerprints are associated with occupied and dynamic burrow structures, with the response time positively related to the scale of disturbance. In the case of relatively stable tube structures, built by benthos like spionid polychaetes and extending mm to cm into deposits, the electrogenic pH fingerprint is evident around the subsurface tubes. Cable filaments clearly associate with subsurface regions of enhanced solute exchange (oxidant supply) and relatively stable biogenic structures, including individual tubes and patches of tubes (e.g. made by Sabaco, a bamboo worm). Physically stable environments, favorable redox gradients, and enhanced organic/inorganic substrate availability promote the activity of cable bacteria in the vicinity of tubes and burrows. These findings suggest complex interactions between electrogenic activity fingerprints and species-specific patterns of bioturbation at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and a substantial impact of electrogenic metabolism on subsurface pH and early diagenetic reaction distributions in bioturbated deposits.

Background. Few studies have examined gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after a dietary intervention. Objective. Our study is aimed at evaluating in a pilot study the peripheral blood gene expression in obese patients after weight loss secondary to a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet. Design. A sample of 11 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome was enrolled. Biochemical, anthropometric parameters and microarray analysis were performed at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. Results. The mean age was 43.1 ± 6.3 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.6 ± 8.1 kg/m2. All the next improvements were statistically significant: body weight − 7.4 ± 1.9 kg, BMI - 2.5 ± 0.2 kg, fat mass − 5.7 ± 1.2 kg, waist circumference − 5.8 ± 1.2 cm, triglycerides − 17.4 ± 6.5 mg/dl, C-reactive protein − 3.1 ± 1.5 mg/dL, insulin − 2.1 ± 1.0 mUI/L, and HOMA-IR − 0.7 ± 0.2 units. We identified 634 differentially expressed genes: 262 genes with relative higher expression levels and 372 with lower expression levels. Cluster analysis showed 35 genes in nutritional disease and 17 genes in endocrine system. The most relevant gene was thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and this gene was overexpressed, and the next genes carbonic anhydrase VI (CA6), caveolin protein 1 (CAV1) and solute carrier family type 12 (SLLC12A3), soluble carrier family type 12 (SLLC12A3), beta 3 receptor (ADRB3), and glutamate receptor ionotropic N methyl D aspartate 2 A (GRIN2A) were all underexpressed. Conclusion. In PBMC from obese patients after a diet with a Mediterranean pattern, the expression of 634 genes, of the endocrine system and of nutritional disease, is modified.

Adrenal gland diseases; Cancer genomics; Prognostic markers Malalties de les glàndules suprarenals; Genòmica del càncer; Marcadors pronòstics Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales; Genómica del cáncer; Marcadores pronósticos The mechanisms triggering metastasis in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma are unknown, hindering therapeutic options for patients with metastatic tumors (mPPGL). Herein we show by genomic profiling of a large cohort of mPPGLs that high mutational load, microsatellite instability and somatic copy-number alteration burden are associated with ATRX/TERT alterations and are suitable prognostic markers. Transcriptomic analysis defines the signaling networks involved in the acquisition of metastatic competence and establishes a gene signature related to mPPGLs, highlighting CDK1 as an additional mPPGL marker. Immunogenomics accompanied by immunohistochemistry identifies a heterogeneous ecosystem at the tumor microenvironment level, linked to the genomic subtype and tumor behavior. Specifically, we define a general immunosuppressive microenvironment in mPPGLs, the exception being PD-L1 expressing MAML3-related tumors. Our study reveals canonical markers for risk of metastasis, and suggests the usefulness of including immune parameters in clinical management for PPGL prognostication and identification of patients who might benefit from immunotherapy. This work was supported by Project PI17/01796 and PI20/01169 to M.R. [Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Acción Estratégica en Salud, cofinanciado a través del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)], Paradifference Foundation [no grant number applicable to M.R.], Pheipas Association [no grant number applicable to M.R.], the Clinical Research Priority Program of the University of Zurich for the CRPP HYRENE to F.B., the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the CRC/Transregio 205/1 (Project No. 314061271-TRR205 to to F.B., M.F., N.B., and G.E.) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project No. PID2019-111356RA-I00 to G.M.). B.C. was supported by the Rafael del Pino Foundation (Becas de Excelencia Rafael del Pino 2017). A.M.M.-M. was supported by CAM (S2017/BMD-3724; TIRONET2-CM). A.F.-S. and J.L. received the support of a fellowship from La Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434; LCF/BQ/DR21/11880009 and LCF/BQ/DR19/11740015, respectively). M.M., S.M., and M.S. were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities “Formación del Profesorado Universitario— FPU” fellowship with ID number FPU18/00064, FPU19/04940 and FPU16/05527. A.D.-T. is supported by the Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). L.J.L.-G. was supported both by the Banco Santander Foundation and La Caixa Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship (LCF/BQ/PI20/11760011). C.M.-C. was supported by a grant from the AECC Foundation (AIO15152858 MONT). We thank the Spanish National Tumor Bank Network (RD09/0076/00047) for the support in obtaining tumorsamples and all patients, physicians and tumor biobanks involved in the study.

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) hydrolyzes phosphodiester-linked adducts from both ends of DNA. This includes the topoisomerase I (TOP1)-DNA covalent reaction intermediate that is the target of the camptothecin class of chemotherapeutics. Tdp1 two-step catalysis is centered on the formation of a Tdp1-DNA covalent complex (Tdp1cc) using two catalytic histidines. Here, we examined the role of the understudied, structurally undefined, and poorly conserved N-terminal domain (NTD) of Tdp1 in context of full-length protein in its ability to remove TOP1cc in cells. Using toxic Tdp1 mutants, we observed that the NTD is critical for Tdp1’s ability to remove TOP1-DNA adducts in yeast. Full-length and N-terminal truncated Tdp1 mutants showed similar expression levels and cellular distribution yet an inversed TOP1-dependent toxicity. Single turnover catalysis was significantly different between full-length and truncated catalytic mutants but not wild-type enzyme, suggesting that Tdp1 mutants depend on the NTD for catalysis. These observations suggest that the NTD plays a critical role in the regulation of Tdp1 activity and interaction with protein-DNA adducts such as TOP1cc in cells. We propose that the NTD is a regulatory domain and coordinates stabilization of the DNA-adducted end within the catalytic pocket to access the phosphodiester linkage for hydrolysis.

In this study, we added vacancies adjacent to a Si/Ge interface to create a disordered structure. The structure was then relaxed using various strategies. We applied Procrustes shape analysis for disorder quantification and identifying different local atomic environments.

Self-doubt may negatively affect the development of prelicensure nursing students as they prepare to become practice-ready members of the workforce. Walker and Avant's method of analysis was used to explore generalized self-doubt as well as within the context of a contemporary nursing education framework: Aller's Development of Decision-Making and Self-Efficacy Model (ADD-SEM). Results indicate that several attributes of generalized self-doubt, as a form of low psychological capital, were consistent with this construct of the ADD-SEM and should be considered as nurse educators strive to ensure new nurses are prepared for the complexity of today's health care systems.

The study examined the healthcare beliefs and practices among Atas in Barangay Canggohob, Municipality of Mabinay, Negros Oriental, Philippines. There were 25 Atas, 10 of them were Ata women who have experienced pregnancy or were pregnant during the time this study was conducted and the rest are tribal healersand tribal leaderas respondents to the study. The qualitative-phenomenological research method was used in a descriptive stream utilizing focus group interviews, participant observation, and video documentation. The researcher is a member of the tribal group and a teacher in Barangay Canggohob. Ethical approval was secured, and the participants consented to the conduct of the research. The findings revealed that Atas still believed that sickness was caused by weather and supernatural forces of nature. The diversity of herbal medicines and the preparation have cultural importance to Atas' different stages of life and different healing practices. They still used bamboo blades for cutting the umbilical cords of Ata women who had given birth. There were not much of healthcare practices during puberty, adolescence, and adulthood except for menstrual beliefs and circumcision which were relative to their cultural views. Moreover, Atas perceived that technology, media, modernization, and medical missions and outreach programs disconnected them from their cultural identity. Atas have shown some reception to public health programs which contributed to the preservation of their cultural healthcare practices up to this time. The Atas in Barangay Canggohob have been part of society's mainstream. They haveidentified themselves because of their distinct health practices and beliefs.

Soil health metrics in agricultural systems require edaphic context, notably climate, soil type (soil texture and classification), as well as cropping system. Soil samples (n=1,334) from New York State (USA) with both texture and cropping system information were analyzed for eight physical and biological soil health indicators (soil organic matter, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, respiration, protein, available water capacity, wet aggregate stability, and penetration resistance from 0-15 and 15-45 cm), and population distribution functions were determined. Production environment soil health (PESH) goals were derived for four soil texture groups and six cropping systems by proposing the 75th and 90th percentile for each factorial class. Finer-textured soils and Pasture and Mixed Vegetable systems generally have higher values for soil health goals followed by Dairy Crop and Orchard systems, then Annual Grain, and Processing Vegetable systems. A comparison between Long Island and the rest of New York State demonstrated that soil organic matter PESH goals for Long Island were on average 0.8 % lower than those from the rest of the state. This indicates that regional PESH goals within a state or region may be warranted if edaphic context is considerably different.

This project examines the mediating effect of psychological flexibility between autistic adults’ depression/anxiety/stress scores and their satisfaction with life.

Dementia represents a key impending global health challenge. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence on nutritional interventions for the prevention of dementia in developing economies in East-Asia. Four comprehensive databases were searched from inception until January 2020: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus. The search was restricted to randomized controlled trials [RCTs] in adult humans, assessing the effect of nutritional interventions on global and domain specific cognitive performance and dementia risk. Meta-analysis of data was conducted for each domain and sub-categorized according to the type of nutritional intervention. Twenty-four RCTs were included, of which, fifteen studies showed significant beneficial effects on cognition. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant beneficial effects were found for essential fatty acids (EPA/DHA) and micronutrient supplementation on specific cognitive domains including attention and orientation, perception, verbal functions and language skills. The effect size of the interventions appeared to be greater in older subjects with cognitive impairment. Supplementation with B-vitamins and essential fatty acids may represent promising strategies to minimize age-related cognitive decline in Asian populations. Large, high-quality, long-term trials are needed to confirm these findings. Refereed/Peer-reviewed