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By developing several different methods to present 3-dimensional (3D) images, a demand to investigate the interaction with the human visual system is inevitable. Although current estimates centered on stereoscopic depth perception, still our knowledge is low about the effect of non-stereoscopic displays on the visual cortex, both at the sensory and cognitive brain reactions. In this study, we investigated the cortical activity correlated with a volumetric multiplanar image perception in both 3D and 2D by analyzing the event-related potentials (ERPs) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis. The study was designed based on two conditions. The first condition (3D test) was arranged by presenting four constant angular size rings in which one of them was closer to the subjects. The second condition (2D test) was done by adding trials with the same ring features while all rings were presented on the same plane. A volumetric multiplanar display was employed to present the non-stereoscopic visual targets. Moreover, the brain signal was recorded via an EEG amplifier and then analyzed by the EEGLAB toolbox on MATLAB. Event-related potentials (ERPs) studied in three time windows, (50-100ms), (100-200ms), and (200-450ms), correspond with the N1, P2, and P3 components of ERPs. The analysis showed no significant differences in amplitude between two conditions across five occipital and parietal electrodes, even though there was only a significant difference in latency of the P3 component on the Pz electrode. Furthermore, the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the alpha and the beta oscillation was analyzed. The analysis does not show significant differences between 3D and 2D tasks; nevertheless, slightly higher alpha and beta activities seemed in 2D visualization. To conclude, 3D image representation on the volumetric multiplanar display has no more sensory or cognitive load on the human brain that responded equally to both visual conditions with a slight difference in latency of the P3 component. Moreover, depth perception on a multiplanar display requires less brain activity.

In order to develop reliable methods for the synthesis of various 5-substituted-8-oxyquinoline derivatives for the preparation of Alq3-type complexes, we have improved the reaction conditions on some syntheses described in the literature, successfully synthesized new ligands based on quinolin-8-ol and characterized their chemical structures by NMR. Some of the synthesized quinolin-8-ol derivatives containing incorporated bulky triphenyl or tert-butyl groups showed blue luminescence in the solid state due to the possible aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) with a maximum wavelength around 510 nm. More detailed light-emission property investigation of the mentioned bulky group containing compounds is currently underway.

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are good source of several biologically active compounds and antioxidants, especially lycopene, phenolic compounds, and vitamins. Tomatoes are found all over the world and are cultivated in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps are increasingly being used in the cultivation of tomatoes due to their cost-effectiveness and wide range of possibilities to adapt the spectrum of light emitted to the needs of plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different additional lighting used in the greenhouse on the accumulation of biologically active compounds in different varieties of tomato fruit. Chemical composition—content of organic acids, lycopene, total carotenoids, total phenolics and flavonoids as well as dry matter, soluble solids content, and taste index were determined in five tomato cultivars (“Bolzano F1,” “Chocomate F1,” “Diamont F1,” “Encore F1,” and “Strabena F1”), which were cultivated in greenhouse in an autumn-spring season by using additional lighting with 16 h photoperiod. Three different lighting sources were used: LED, induction (IND) lamp, and high-pressure sodium lamp (HPSL). Experiments were performed during 3 years. Results showed that tomato varieties react differently to the supplemental lighting used. Cultivars, such as “Encore” and “Strabena,” are the most unresponsive to supplemental light. Experiments have shown that HPSL stimulates the accumulation of primary metabolites in tomato fruit. In all the cases, soluble solids content was 4.7–18.2% higher as compared to other lighting sources. As LED and IND lamps emit about 20% blue-violet light, the results suggest that blue-violet light of the spectrum stimulates the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the fruit by 1.6–47.4% under IND and 10.2–15.6% under LED compared to HPSL. Red fruit varieties tend to synthesize more β-carotene under supplemental LED and IND light. An increase of blue promotes the synthesis of secondary metabolites.

Latvijas Universitātes Ķīmijas fakultātes studentu apmācību no 1920. līdz 1953. gadam vadīja Kārlis Štrenks (1886–1958). Viņš izcēlās ar savdabīgu, labi izstrādātu mācību metodiku un stingrām prasībām. Rakstā apkopots bagātais atmiņu materiāls par K. Štrenka pasniegšanas stilu, kā arī ziņas par viņa metodiskajiem līdzekļiem un zinātnisko darbu.

In this research, the aim was to determine teacher- and school-level factors that are associated with students’ civic knowledge, future engagement in society as a citizen, opinions about future global issues and sense of belonging to their country. For that purpose, the research took IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2016) questionnaire data from Latvian and Finnish students (Latvia n = 3224, Finland n = 3173), teachers (Latvia n = 1933, Finland n = 2097) and schools (Latvia n = 137, Finland n = 174). The study used a subset of the teacher dataset that corresponds only to those teachers who teach civic and citizenship education lessons in school (Latvia n = 131, Finland n = 165). The research shows that there are some significant relationships with teacher- and school-level factors and four student factors: civic knowledge, future engagement, sense of belonging to their country and global problems (sustainability, violence and economy). The research supported by research application no. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/1/16/020.

Despite its short historical moment in the sun, behaviorism has become something akin to a theoria non grata, a position that dare not be explicitly endorsed. The reasons for this are complex, of course, and they include sociological factors which we cannot consider here, but to put it briefly: many have doubted the ambition to establish law-like relationships between mental states and behavior that dispense with any sort of mentalistic or intentional idiom, judging that explanations of intelligent behavior require reference to qualia and/or mental events. Today, when behaviorism is discussed at all, it is usually in a negative manner, either as an attempt to discredit an opponent’s view via a reductio, or by enabling a position to distinguish its identity and positive claims by reference to what it is (allegedly) not. In this paper, however, we argue that the ghost of behaviorism is present in influential, contemporary work in the field of embodied and enactive cognition, and even in aspects of the phenomenological tradition that these theorists draw on. Rather than take this to be a problem for these views as some have (e.g. Block, J Philos 102:259–272, 2005; Jacob, Rev Philos Psychol 2(3):519–540, 2011; O’Brien and Opie, Philos 43:723–729, 2015), we argue that once the behaviorist dimensions are clarified and distinguished from the straw-man version of the view, it is in fact an asset, one which will help with task of setting forth a scientifically reputable version of enactivism and/or philosophical behaviorism that is nonetheless not brain-centric but behavior-centric. While this is a bit like “the enemy of my enemy is my friend” strategy, as Shaun Gallagher notes (in Philos Stud 176(3):839–8512019), with the shared enemy of behaviorism and enactivism being classical Cartesian views and/or orthodox cognitivism in its various guises, the task of this paper is to render this alliance philosophically plausible.

A series of glassy 6-(tert-butyl)-4H-pyran-4-ylidene malononitrile (DCM) derivatives with covalently attached amorphous state promoting bulky 1,1,1-triphenylmethyl (trityl) moieties through several chemical design approaches have been synthesized and investigated for suitability in organic solid state laser applications. Results showed that the bonding type of such functional groups had a considerable influence on glass structure forming dye thermal properties and a slight influence on their optical properties. Thermal stability up to 346 °C was achieved with glass transitions in the range from 39 to 138 °C. Incorporation of bulky triphenyl substituents via ester groups showed remarkable amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold energy value reduction by 1.7 times in comparison to other bonding approaches with excitation threshold energy density up to 91 µJ/cm2. Synthesized dyes show potential as the light-amplification medium component in organic solid state lasers.

The mass of the cool carbon star HD 54361 was suspected to be high, assuming the membership in the stellar association CMa OB1, in conflict with the theory of stellar evolution. The Gaia parallax and a high-resolution spectrum in the wavelength region from about 4800 to 6900 A was employed in order to update the distance, atmospheric parameters and abundances using the method of spectral synthesis and new model atmospheres. Absorption lines are broad in the spectrum presumably because of a large macroturbulence, $\xi _{\mathit{RT}} = 10 \pm 1~\mbox{km}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}$. Radial-velocity monitoring revealed a scatter of about 4 km s−1, which reflects probably a large scale convection in the atmosphere. The effective temperature was found to be about 3200 K by modelling the wings of Na i D doublet, a somewhat higher than that estimated from the angular diameter. The difference in the temperature could be due to the light/colour variation. The abundances of iron peak elements calculated from less blended lines blueward of 5000 A are near solar, $[\text{M/H}] = 0.0 \pm 0.2~\mbox{dex}$. The neutron-capture elements are enhanced up to 1 dex. The parallax leads to the distance of $554^{+ 49}_{-41}~\mbox{pc}$, the absolute magnitude, $M_{K} = -7.7 \pm 0.2~\mbox{mag}$, and the bolometric magnitude, $M_{\mathit{bol}}(K) = -4.6\pm 0.2~\mbox{mag}$. The observed stellar parameters and abundances are typical values for the low mass ${\sim} 1.8~M_{\odot }$ star on the TP-AGB branch according to the isochrone calculated for $\log \mathit{Age}(\mathit{yr}) = 9.20$ with solar initial metallicity. HD 54361 possibly belongs to the spike in the TP-AGB star numbers associated with the AGB-boosting effect.

In their update to Intentionality All-Stars, Hutto and Satne claim that there is currently no satisfactory account for a naturalised conception of content. From this the pair suggest that we need to consider whether content is present in all aspects of intelligence, that is, whether it is content all the way down. Yet if we do not have an acceptable theory of content such a question seems out of place. It seems more appropriate to question whether content itself is the problematic assumption. This paper will explore this question, with the analysis hinging on whether those trying to naturalise content are facing a tough challenge as Haugeland (Philosophical Perspectives, 4, 45, 1990, 1985) has suggested, or whether it is a genuine dilemma as Hutto has suggested elsewhere (Hutto and Myin 2013). If those attempting to naturalise content are facing a genuine dilemma, a dilemma in which the non-existence of content is one of the horns, then it would seem that the issue is not at what stage you posit content, but whether you should posit content at all. This also has the added benefit of shifting the debate to a more global discussion, that is, the best way to explain intelligence, period.

Pyrrhotite is an iron deficient, low nickel content sulfide mineral that is commonly associated with pentlandite, a nickel-rich sulfide; and are both main components of the nickel ore mined in Sudbury. Pyrrhotite tailings generated in the concentration of Ni ores are stored in tailing reservoirs and presents serious environmental risks including acid mine drainage. This study investigated the potential of converting pyrrhotite into a valuable resource through the use of fluidized bed roasting, in which the mineral will be oxidized to produce iron oxide and SO2 gas. These products can then be used to create iron for high-grade steel and elemental sulfur. Thermogravimetric analysis of Sudbury pyrrhotite was performed to study the oxidation kinetics, supporting the feasibility of this process. Further, energy and materials balance was carried out to establish the basic parameters of a possible roasting process.

The results of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) abundance analysis are presented for four red giants in the fields of open clusters NGC 1545 and Tr2. The membership of HD 27276, HD 27292 and HD 16068 was confirmed and the age of NGC 1545 was updated: log age(yr) = 7.95. A mild deficiency of iron-group elements was found on average for NGC 1545 and Tr2, [Fe/H]=−0.13 and −0.07 with an uncertainty of about 0.08 dex. Oxygen and carbon are moderately depleted in all cluster giants, [O/Fe]=−0.23 ± 0.05 dex and [C/Fe]=−0.56 ± 0.07 dex on average. Nitrogen is enhanced, [N/Fe] values in range +0.4 to +1.2 dex, and lithium depleted. Sodium is slightly enhanced, [Na/Fe]=+0.26 ± 0.04 dex on average. Modified abundances are in agreement with the chemical evolution of intermediate-mass stars on the red giant branch. Some occasional radial velocity variations are probably due to convection in the atmospheres of luminous giants.

Adenine derivatives bearing substituents in the 2-, N(6)-, 7-, 8-, and/or 9-position and a series of deazapurines were synthesized and investigated in [(3)H]adenine binding studies at the adenine receptor in rat brain cortical membrane preparations (rAde1R). Steep structure-activity relationships were observed. Substitution in the 8-position (amino, dimethylamino, piperidinyl, piperazinyl) or in the 9-position (2-morpholinoethyl) with basic residues or introduction of polar substituents at the 6-amino function (hydroxy, amino, acetyl) represented the best modifications. Functional evaluation of selected adenine derivatives in adenylate cyclase assays at 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stably expressing the rAde1R showed that all compounds investigated were agonists or partial agonists. A subset of compounds was additionally investigated in binding studies at human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, which also express a high-affinity adenine binding site. Structure-affinity relationships at the human cell line were similar to those at the rAde1R, but not identical. In particular, N(6)-acetyladenine (25, K(i) rat: 2.85 microM; K(i) human: 0.515 microM) and 8-aminoadenine (33, K(i) rat: 6.51 microM; K(i) human: 0.0341 microM) were much more potent at the human as compared to the rat binding site. The new AdeR ligands may serve as lead structures and contribute to the elucidation of the functions of the adenine receptor family.

We present the results of our study of 19 novae in the galaxy M31 on photographs taken with wide-field telescopes in 1999–2005. Two of the six novae discovered in our program (ShA 65 and ShA 67) have been identified with supersoft X-ray sources, the discovery of one nova (ShA 69) was reported in IAU Circulars, and the other three novae (ShA 66, ShA 68, and ShA 70) are reported for the first time.

This study focuses on gender segregation and its implications for the salaries assigned to male- and female-typed jobs. We used a between-subjects design to examine whether participants would assign different pay to 3 types of jobs wherein the actual responsibilities and duties carried out by men and women were the same, but the job was situated in either a traditionally masculine or traditionally feminine domain. We found pay differentials between jobs defined as “male” and “female,” which suggest that gender-based discrimination, arising from occupational stereotyping and the devaluation of the work typically done by women, influences salary allocation. The ways in which the results fit with contemporary theorizing about sexism and with the shifting standards model (Biernat, 1995, 2003) are discussed.

BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) models are used to specify business knowledge in the language that is familiar for business people. They consist of multiple process diagrams that highlight different aspects of interaction among participants. Verification of BPMN models is important since graphical fragmentary presentation could be a source of errors such as incompleteness, deadlocks, livelocks, incorrect terminations etc. We consider verification of model completeness. The model is transformed to the topological functioning model (TFM) in order to check completeness of inputs, outputs and functioning cycles of the entire specified system. The proposed approach is dedicated to the verification of the model at the beginning of analysis, and it could be supplemented by other methods at the design stage. This approach is more dedicated to analysis of the whole system, than to the verification of the concrete fragment work.

Context. Theoretically, the number of cool Galactic R Coronae Borealis stars (RCBs) should be greater than the warm RCBs, however to date, only a few candidates have been detected. Aims. Observations of the extremely cool RCB candidate, DY Per, and the anonymous nearby star (the “Taipei star”) are presented to specify its fundamental parameters and evolutionary status. Methods. CCD BVRI photometry and low-resolution spectroscopy at deep light decline was carried out in 2004. A high-resolution spectrum was gathered near the maximum light in 2002, and a qualitative analysis was made relative to the typical carbon stars of various types. Results. Near the light maximums, the nearby anonymous star with a separation of ∼2. �� 5 reported by Zay cs et al. (2005a, A&A, 438, L13) was outshined by DY Per. However, in the B and V band the components are resolved at deep light decline and the nearby star is somewhat brighter in B than DY Per itself. BV(R) individual magnitudes of the components were estimated using PSF photometry for the first time. The light decline in 2004 was the deepest ever observed for DY Per, B = 18.16 mag. The individual colour indices of DY Per at light decline, (B − V) = 2.35 and (V − R) � 1.9, are not typical for carbon stars. In the spectrum, absorption features of C2 and CN molecules prevail, however, prominent C2 absorption bands are significantly veiled at deep-light decline and a broad (FWHM ∼ 600 km s −1 ) emission feature of Na i D12 is visible. Emissions are suspected in the C2 (1,0) bandhead and in Ca i line at 4227 A. Analysis of DY Per relative to the sample of carbon stars, verifies the significant hydrogen deficiency, high carbon abundance, relatively high 12 C/ 13 C ratio and solar metallicity. Thus DY Per could be a prototype of cool extreme Galactic RCBs. The nearby star does not vary appreciably in the B and V bands, B = 17.8 mag. With the observed colour indices (B − V) = 1.00 and (V − R) � 0.6, it may be a G0 dwarf not physically related to DY Per, although the distances to both stars are similar, d ∼ 1.5 kpc.

Results of first CCD photometry during the recent deep light decline, and high-resolution spectroscopy, are presented for DY Persei. The spectra show variable blueshifted features in the sodium D lines. The C  lines are strong whereas neutron- capture elements are not enhanced. The isotopic 13 CN(2, 0) lines relative to 12 CN are of similar strength with those for the carbon star U Hya. All these confirm the RCB nature of DY Per and the existence of ejected clouds. At least two clouds are revealed at −197.3 and −143.0 km s −1 . A star was detected about 0. 4t o the west and 2 . 5 to the north from DY Per. This anonymous companion, with observed colour indices (B − V) = 0.68 and (V − R) � 1.1, may be a foreground star.

States Canadian governments have, after a decade of health care downsizing, started to focus on issues of health human resources. Posits that nurses in particular experience higher rates of absenteeism and injury than other types of Canadian workers. Advocates that this study’s findings offers numerous ideas to managers of the system, unions, nurses, government and other parties on how to manage the system better for all involved and the improvement of the health care system.

To contribute with the analysis of tools that attempt to acquire Computation Independent Model (CIM) from the domain system, authors explore the Integrated Domain Modeling toolset, and explain how it automatically acquires a formal CIM from description of a business system in a form of textual business use cases. This paper recognizes the computation independent nature of a Topological Functioning Model and suggests it to be used as a CIM within Model Driven Architecture. Authors of this paper share their experiences of using the toolset and mention several lessons learned during the usage process, as well as, their suggestions for improvements.

In this paper we consider a business case of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system vendor who needs to introduce qualitative features without making great investments in the legacy source code. We propose to extend legacy ERP system’s functionality by applying the Leading System paradigm so that business process management can be introduced. This enables business process awareness and provides opportunity for qualitative feature set introduction in a legacy ERP system. As a result, Key Performance Indicator (KPI) acquisition, modeling and analysis from the process aware legacy ERP system becomes possible. The main focus in this paper is on lessons learned about a suitable prototype architecture for KPI acquisition, modeling and analysis, and about best practices for KPI analysis from log data of business process execution.

If a deployment of the vendor's Enterprise Resource Planning system is integrated with third-party software on a customer's premise, then change management highly depends on vendor's information about changes between different versions. The problem arises when the vendor cannot predict the impact of the implemented changes on every customer's configuration. To tackle this problem we propose a conceptual customer-oriented solution that provides data about the change scope and essentiality for each individual customer.

We have carried out the synthesis and investigated the antitubercular activity of adenine and 5-fluorouracil derivatives. It was found that a comparatively large, lipophilic fragment is needed in the active molecule to inhibit the tuberculosis pathogen.

The legal doctrines that are in place to protect women and children against male sexual aggression actually operate to minimize the use of the system for redress, and to reduce the impact of the process when it is used. Because the courts are the only means of legal recourse available to women and children who have been sexually assaulted, any failure by the courts to ensure just outcomes actually serves to reinforce male sexual violence. The solution requires that we stop confusing the social conditions under which this form of violence occurs with the criteria used by courts for treating a crime as “not serious.” The key players in the courts can act as powerful forces for instrumental change.

A hypothesis about two physical fields that created organic life in Earth's ancient ocean 3–4 billion years ago, and still determine the biological clock phenomenon via changes in the structure of water.

We present data on the six novae in the galaxy M 31 that were discovered by different groups of observers in 1998. Three of these novae were found near the nucleus of M 31, and one was found near the nucleus of M 32.

Self-report measures of sexual violence that ask women whether they have experienced threats of physical violence have attracted criticism in recent years; detractors claim that these measures lead researchers to overestimate the prevalence of sexual violence. Our study explored this issue by collecting data on the prevalence of threats versus force in the context of sexual aggression. Female undergraduates at two universities (n1 = 69; n2 = 111) were asked about their experiences with sexual coercion using a revised version of the Sexual Experiences Scale (Koss and Gidycz, 1985). Four of the original items were modified to distinguish between sexual contact that occurred as a result of a perpetrator using physical force and sexual contact that occurred because a perpetrator threatened physical violence. Analyses of the revised items revealed that the use of physical force was at least as likely as threats and that for some types of sexual acts, physical force was actually more likely than verbal threats. Furthermore, prevalence figures for three of the four types of sexual acts considered were not significantly altered by collapsing threat of force with use of force. Implications for future research on women's experiences of sexual coercion are discussed.

Aim: To investigate the link between H.pylori infection and dyspepsia in children, and association with reflux oesophagitis. Patients and Methods: H.pylori status was detected by rapid urease test and/or culture in 130 consecutive symptomatic children coming for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: 40 – aged 8–12 years (55% boys); 90 – aged 13–18 years (21% boys). Endoscopic findings were analyzed. H.pylori prevalence in the age group 8–12 years was compared to the prevalence among 55 asymptomatic children, aged 7–12 years (13C–urea breath test). Statistical analysis: χ2 test, Fisher's test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of H.pylori infection among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was 54%. It was significantly higher among patients with reflux oesophagitis compared to patients with hyperaemic gastropathy: OR = 5.5; p = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.15–26.3. In logistic regression analysis, no significant difference between the prevalence of H.pylori infection between asymptomatic and symptomatic children could be demonstrated (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.62–5.14). Conclusions: The prevalence of H.pylori was significantly higher among patients with reflux oesophagitis compared to patients with hyperaemic gastropathy alone. Adjusting for age the prevalence of H.pylori infection was not higher among symptomatic children compared to asymptomatic children of the same age.

Photometric long-term monitoring of carbon stars has revealed several objects which show characteristics of light variation non-typical for this class of stars. Observed peculiarities of light variation are reported for the stars RW LMi, V366 Lac and DY Per.

The paper discusses a business case when customer’s deployment of the Enterprise Resource Planning solution (ERP) is integrated with third-party’s software. Customer’s change management highly depends on vendor’s information about changes between ERP versions. The problem is that the vendor cannot predict the impact of implemented changes on every customer’s business. In the suggested conceptual customer-oriented solution, the conjoint assessment evaluates the size, the scope and the essentiality of ERP changes in order to provide data on changes for a particular customer. The resulting difference model could be enhanced with results of analysis of collected access statistics for customer’s ERP packages. The solution uses a unified data format for data interchange. The final model of ERP changes and their essentiality for a particular customer could be visualized for the further application.

An empirical perspective is presented illustrating the application of the principles and methods of community psychology for conceptualizing the ideal of "social justice." The substantiative content of the paper is based on an analysis of the selective nature of sexual assaults which reach the criminal justice system, and in the disparity of sentences given to those found guilty, in comparison to other types of cases. These outcomes are proposed as operational definitions for conceptualizing the ideal of social justice. The application of this standard for cases of sexual assault suggests the justice system "discounts" the seriousness of these offenses, resulting in a legal doctrine which excuses male violence against women. Implications for law reform are proposed based on the need for an accommodation of the social/psychological concept of "difference" in the legal definition of sexual assault, and in the greater use of evaluation research as a process of legal scholarship for monitoring how well the ideal of social justice is achieved by the criminal justice system.One purpose of the present paper is to highlight the value of using a community psychology framework for conceptualizing important social issues that adversely affect the human condition, and of the responsibility of psychologists to address these issues through empirical scholarship. The methodological perspective which follows is based on a research program that began over a decade ago and now includes three principal data sources: The first is based on the records of an agency which provides services for victims of sexual assault. This data, supplemented by two national victimization surveys (Solicitor General of Canada, 1983, 1984; and Statistics Canada, 1993), provide the best available description of the true nature and frequency of incidents of sexual assault. The second source, the court records, provides a formal account of the outcome of the criminal justice process. The third data source, comprised of transcripts of court cases, provides a qualitative reference point that ensures that the quantitative analyses of the court records are capturing the essential aspects of actual courtroom dynamics, i.e., that the statistical analysis has ecological validity.Two of the three methodologies have been previously described in the literature and will not be re-described in detail here. Briefly, the case data now includes 2,533 consecutive cases responded to by a sexual assault service. (For methodological details see Renner & Wackett, 1987; Renner, Wackett & Ganderton, 1988 for previous reports based on the initial 1,236 cases.) The court record data now includes a run of 1,074 consecutive court cases tried in the same city, composed of sexual assaults (n=354), and, for comparative purposes, physical assaults ([Symbol Not Transcribed] = 513) and robberies ([Symbol Not Transcribed] = 207). (For methodological details see Yurchesyn, Keith & Renner, 1992; Renner & Yurchesyn, 1994 for previous reports based on the initial 356 cases of the now larger sample.) These two expanded data sources have been supplemented by a sample of 104 transcripts of 51 adult and 53 child sexual assault cases from the court records data files. This third data source was the primary basis of the qualitative propositions to be advanced and evaluated in this paper(f.1).These three data sources converge to provide a descriptive account of how the crime of sexual assault on women and children by men is addressed by the formal legal doctrines which have been put into place by the criminal justice system. Our research does not address the frequency or nature of sexual offenses by women against men or children. Thus, the second purpose of this paper is to examine how cases of male sexual violence are handled by the criminal justice system from the perspective of whether the standard of "social justice" is being met. Social justice is the ideal of seeking the truth in an effort to provide fair and just outcomes through the criminal justice process (Renner & Warner, 1981). …

photographic positions of the Pluto for 1991-1994 are presented. The observations were carried out by Latvian astronomers using the 80/120/240 cm Schmidt telescope at Baldone near Riga. 34 plates were reduced by using the 12-21 reference stars from catalogue of southern stars FOCAT-S, created at Pulkovo. The mean reduction errors vary from 0.23 00 to 0.34 00 for both coordinates. The obtained Pluto positions were compared with the ephemeris JPL DE200. The increase of the mean (O-C) residuals in RA, already noticed in previous works by the Pulkovo authors, is conrmed. In 1994 the (O-C) residuals with respect DE200 have reached 2.32 00 0.07 00 in RA and 0.74 00 0.07 00 in Dec.

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether males and females have different views about the partner behaviors that constitute positive, negative, and typical dating experiences. Undergraduate students (50 males, 70 females; primarily Caucasian) were asked to rate the likelihood of sexually suggestive and nonsexual events in “good,” “bad,” and “typical” date contexts. For good and typical dates, men and women identified many of the same events as likely to occur. However, sexually charged events were more salient for men in these contexts, as shown by the higher mean likelihood ratings men gave to items describing sexually suggestive partner behaviors. For bad dates, there was a striking gender difference in the behaviors judged likely to occur. Women gave higher mean likelihood ratings to sexually charged events in bad dates. Furthermore, women incorporated sexually charged events in their scripts whereas men did not. These findings have implications for our understanding of how males and females view the development of sexual intimacy in dating.

The alkylation of adenine and N(in6)-substituted adenine derivatives by 1, 2-dihaloethanes and the production of 9-(2-haloethyl)derivatives of adenine were studied. 1n the reaction of the derivatives with amino alcohols a series of adenine derivatives containing an amino alcohol fragment was synthesized.

A Method of synthesis of N-(ω-trimethylsilylalkyl)purines, by alkylation of potassium salts of purine bases by 3-chloropropyltrimethylsilane and chloromethyltrimethylsilanes under conditions of interfacial catalysis, has been developed. Hydroxylation of the N-allyl group by dimethylphenylsilane, which is an alternative pathway of synthesis of silicon-containing purine derivatives, has been accomplished for the first time in the purine series. The structure of the compounds obtained was established by methods of PMR and UV spectroscopy.

Šī darba tēma ir reliģijas un zinātnes integrācijas modelis Kena Vilbera darbā „Maņu un dvēseles laulība”. Darba mērķis ir gūt izpratni par reliģijas un zinātnes attiecību dabu, izvērtēt Vilbera reliģijas un zinātnes integrācijas modeli, kā arī tā teorētisko bāzi – integrālo teoriju. Darba tēze: Kena Vilbera reliģijas un zinātnes integrācijas modelis nav akadēmiski zinātnisks, taču tas tomēr adekvāti apskata reliģijas un zinātnes attiecību problemātiku un piedāvā savu risinājumu reliģijas un zinātnes iekšējam konfliktam katrā indivīdā. Šis darbs ir sīkāk strukturēts 3 nodaļās. Darba pirmās nodaļas ietvaros tiek formulēts reliģijas un zinātnes attiecību teorētiskais rāmis. Otrajā nodaļā, izmantojot šo teorētisko rāmi, tiek apskatīta un kritiski izvērtēta Kena Vilbera integrālā teorija. Savukārt trešajā nodaļā, balstoties pirmajā un otrajā nodaļā paveiktajā, tiek apskatīts un analizēts grāmatā „Maņu un dvēseles laulība” izvirzītais reliģijas un zinātnes integrācijas modelis. Atslēgvārdi: Kens Vilbers, reliģija un zinātne, integrālā teorija, pasaules uzskats., The topic of this paper is: the model of integration of religion and science in Ken Wilber`s book „The Marriage of Sense and Soul”. The aim of this paper is to develop an understanding of the nature of relations between religion and science and to evaluate Ken Wilber`s model of integration of religion and science, as well as it`s theoretical foundation – the integral theory. The thesis of this paper is: Even though Ken Wilber`s model of integration of religion and science can not be considered as academically scientific, it`s consideration of the problems that exist in the study of religion and science and the solutions that it presents, are still appropriately done. This paper consists of three chapters. The first chapter deals with the formulation of the theoretical framework of religion and science relations. Using this framework, the second chapter provides an overview and a critical evalution of Wilber`s integral theory. The third chapter, building on the conclucions of chapter one and two, provides an analysis of the model of integration of religion and science as it is presented in Wilber`s book „The Marriage of Sense and Soul.” Keywords: Ken Wilber, integral theory, religion and science, world-view.

The present study investigates whether language preference is associated with different acculturation attitudes. As residents of Montreal, 103 Portuguese immigrants or firstgeneration Canadians of Portuguese descent completed a questionnaire in their preferred language (English, French, or Portuguese) assessing their modes of acculturation, selfreported ethnic identity, self-esteem, individualistic and collectivistic tendencies, and self-reported competence in speaking and reading English, French, and Portuguese. The results indicated that language preference was associated with ethnic identity. Moreover, there was a strong identification with the North American culture by the English respondents and a weaker association with the French-Canadian culture by French respondents. These results indicate that language choice strongly reflects different acculturation attitudes and that research should be directed toward both macro-and microcultural levels in a "dominant" society.

Moderate dispersion (25-35 A mm−1) spectra were obtained from two carbon stars, V Cyg and WZ Cas, in a wide range of wavelengths (λλ3400-6800 A) with the echelle-spectrometer, ZEBRA, of the 6 m telescope and two-dimensional photon-counting system. Spectral feature identification was carried out from 3850 to 6200 A. Most of the bands are due to C2, SiC2, and CN, however, particularly in WZ Cas, moderate atomic lines of the iron peak and s-process elements are also found. WZ Cas is a so-called lithium star, however, we have found no evidence for a strong line of Li. The spectra of V Cyg contain an emission line of Hβ.

The alkylation of adenine and N(in6)-substituted adenine derivatives by 1, 2-dihaloethanes and the production of 9-(2-haloethyl)derivatives of adenine were studied. 1n the reaction of the derivatives with amino alcohols a series of adenine derivatives containing an amino alcohol fragment was synthesized.