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1. Hollow ring-like flexible electrode architecture enabling subcellular multi-directional neural interfacing

Author

Venkata Suresh Vajrala, Kamil Elkhoury, Sophie Pautot, Christian Bergaud, and Ali Maziz

Subjects
Electrochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, General Medicine, Biotechnology
Abstract

Implantable neural microelectrodes for recording and stimulating neural activity are critical for research in neuroscience and clinical neuroprosthetic applications. A current need exists for developing new technological solutions for obtaining highly selective and stealthy electrodes that provide reliable neural integration and maintain neuronal viability. This paper reports a novel Hollow Ring-like type electrode to sense and/or stimulate neural activity from three-dimensional neural networks. Due to its unique design, the ring electrode architecture enables easy and reliable access of the electrode to three-dimensional neural networks with reduced pressure on the biological tissue, while providing improved electrical interface with cells. The Hollow ring electrodes, particularly when coated with the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, show improved electrical properties with extremely low impedance and high charge injection capabilities, when compared to traditional planar disk-type electrodes. The ring design also serves as an optimal architecture for cell gowth to create an optimal subcellular electrical– neural interface. In addition, we demonstrated that the quality of recorded neural signals by the ring electrode was higher than recordings from a traditional disk-type electrode in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and burst detection from 3D neuronal networksin vitro. Overall, our results suggest the great potential of the hollow ring design for developing next-generation microelectrodes for applications in neural interfaces used in physiological studies and neuromodulation applications.

Published
2022
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2. Recording local field potential and neuronal activity with tetrodes in epileptic patients

Author

Leila Reddy, Simon J. Thorpe, Emmanuel J. Barbeau, Christian Bergaud, Luc Valton, Jean-Christophe Sol, Lionel G. Nowak, Jean-Albert Lotterie, Elodie Despouy, Martin Deudon, Ali Maziz, Jonathan Curot, Marie Denuelle, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DIXI Medical, Pôle Neurosciences [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Neurochirurgie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Pôle imagerie médicale [CHU Toulouse], Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Neurons, Materials science, Epilepsy, General Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Action Potentials, Local field potential, Intracranial eeg, Electrodes, Implanted, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Spike sorting, Seizures, Electrode, Premovement neuronal activity, Humans, Depth electrode, Electrodes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

International audience; Background: Recordings with tetrodes have proven to be more effective in isolating single neuron spiking activity than with single microwires. However, tetrodes have never been used in humans. We report on the characteristics, safety, compatibility with clinical intracranial recordings in epileptic patients, and performance, of a new type of hybrid electrode equipped with tetrodes. New Method: 240 standard clinical macroelectrodes and 102 hybrid electrodes were implanted in 28 patients. Hybrids (diameter 800 µm) are made of 6 or 9 macro-contacts and 2 or 3 tetrodes (diameter 70-80 µm). Results: No clinical complication or adverse event was associated with the hybrids. Impedance and noise of recordings were stable over time. The design enabled multiscale spatial analyses that revealed physiopathological events which were sometimes specific to one tetrode, but could not be recorded on the macro-contacts. After spike sorting, the single-unit yield was similar to other hybrid electrodes and was sometimes as high as > 10 neurons per tetrode. Comparison with Existing Method(s): This new hybrid electrode has a smaller diameter than other available hybrid electrodes. It provides novel spatial information due to the configuration of the tetrodes. The single-unit yield appears promising. Conclusions: This new hybrid electrode is safe, easy to use, and works satisfactorily for conducting multi-scale seizure and physiological analyses.

Published
2019
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3. Synergetic PEDOT degradation during a reactive ion etching process

Author

Caroline Soyer, Alexandre Khaldi, Frédéric Vidal, Ali Maziz, Cédric Plesse, Eric Cattan, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Matériaux et Acoustiques pour MIcro et NAno systèmes intégrés - IEMN (MAMINA - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - Département Opto-Acousto-Électronique - UMR 8520 (IEMN-DOAE), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), and Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)

Subjects
Materials science, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], PEDOT:PSS, Etching (microfabrication), Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Interpenetrating polymer network, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reactive-ion etching, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Microelectromechanical systems, Metals and Alloys, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Flexible electronics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Dry etching, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Conjugated polymer etching is a key step in the integration of electro-chemical devices into microsystems, and one of the most important challenges for this type of material is to achieve fast etching with commercially available equipment. Conjugated polymer electrochemical devices are promising as they are used in different devices such as OLED, sensors, supercapacitors and actuators. The recent emergence of conducting interpenetrating polymer network actuators (IPN) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has allowed operation frequencies of over 1 kHz to be attained, thus pushing the limits of the conjugated polymer technology. The plasma dry etching step of these PEDOT-based active mechanical devices, with high etching rates of around 2 μm min−1, enables the production of these electrochemomechanical devices. To understand the high etching rate of these materials a systematic study of the chemical degradation mechanism of each polymer has been carried on. From the analysis of the etching of all the polymer actuator components, a chemical self-degradation mechanism is proposed to explain the surprisingly high etching rate obtained for PEDOT based materials. Finally, to conclude this study, the usefulness of this fast etching is demonstrated with the operation of standalone micro-beam actuators.

Published
2016
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4. Top-down Approach for the Direct Synthesis, Patterning, and Operation of Artificial Micromuscles on Flexible Substrates

Author

Eric Cattan, Frédéric Vidal, Cédric Plesse, Ali Maziz, Caroline Soyer, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Matériaux et Acoustiques pour MIcro et NAno systèmes intégrés - IEMN (MAMINA - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - Département Opto-Acousto-Électronique - UMR 8520 (IEMN-DOAE), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), and Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)

Subjects
Silicon, Materials science, Polymers, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Polyethylene Glycols, Polymerization, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Microactuator, Microsystem, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Conductive polymer, Electric Conductivity, Polymer, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrical contacts, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Microtechnology, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Low voltage
Abstract

International audience; Recent progress in the field of microsystems on flexible substrates raises the need for alternatives to the stiffness of classical actuation technologies. This paper reports a top-down process to microfabricate soft conducting polymer actuators on substrates on which they ultimately operate. The bending microactuators were fabricated by sequentially stacking layers using a layer polymerization by layer polymerization of conducting polymer electrodes and a solid polymer electrolyte. Standalone microbeams thinner than 10 μm were fabricated on SU-8 substrates associated with a bottom gold electrical contact. The operation of microactuators was demonstrated in air and at low voltage (±4 V).

Published
2016
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5. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Blends for Electrochromic and Electrochemical Transistor Devices

Author

Nguyen Tien Son, Niclas Solin, Ali Maziz, Xuan Thang Trinh, Roger Gabrielsson, Olle Inganäs, Fatima Nadia Ajjan, Mikhail Vagin, Chiara Musumeci, and Erica Zeglio

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Doping, Transistor, Conductance, General Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Conjugated Polyelectrolytes, law.invention, Chemical engineering, law, Electrochromism, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Stoichiometry, Organic electrochemical transistor
Abstract

Two self-doped conjugated polyelectrolytes, having semiconducting and metallic behaviors, respectively, have been blended from aqueous solutions in order to produce materials with enhanced optical and electrical properties. The intimate blend of two anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes combine the electrical and optical properties of these, and can be tuned by blend stoichiometry. In situ conductance measurements have been done during doping of the blends, while UV–vis and EPR spectroelectrochemistry allowed the study of the nature of the involved redox species. We have constructed an accumulation/depletion mode organic electrochemical transistor whose characteristics can be tuned by balancing the stoichiometry of the active material.

Published
2015
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6. Actuating Textiles: Next Generation of Smart Textiles

Author

Ali Maziz, Nils-Krister Persson, Edwin Jager, Jose G. Martinez, and Yong Zhong

Subjects
Architectural engineering, Textil-, gummi- och polymermaterial, Materials science, Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, knitted muscle, smart textiles, TATA, textile actuators, textuators, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0104 chemical sciences, Interactivity, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Smart textiles have been around for some decades. Even if interactivity is central to most definitions, the emphasis so far has been on the stimuli/input side, comparatively little has been reported on the responsive/output part. This study discusses the actuating, mechanical, output side in what could be called a second generation of smart textiles-this in contrast to a first generation of smart textiles devoted to sensorics. This mini review looks at recent progress within the area of soft actuators and what from there that is of relevance for smart textiles. It is found that typically still forces exerted are small, so are strains for many of the actuators types (such as electroactive polymers) that could be considered for textile integration. On the other side, it is argued that for many classes of soft actuators-and, in the extension, soft robotics-textiles could play an important role. The potential of weaving for stress and knitting for strain amplification is shown. Textile processing enables effective production, as is analyzed. Textile systems are made showing automatic actuation asked for in stand-alone solutions. It is envisioned that soft exoskeletons could be an achievable goal for this second generation of smart textiles. Funding Agencies|Carl Trygger Foundation [CTS 12: 206]; Swedish Research Council [VR-2014-3079]; Smart Textiles Initiative, University of Boras

Published
2018
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7. Multiplexed Remote SPR Detection of Biological Interactions through Optical Fiber Bundles

Author

Rémi Courson, Yoann Roupioz, Arnaud Buhot, Ricardo Alvarado Meza, Silvia Voci, Cloé Desmet, Patrick Garrigue, Laurent Malaquin, Thierry Leichle, Loïc Leroy, Ali Maziz, Neso Sojic, Elodie Engel, Karim Vindas, Chimie pour la Reconnaissance et l’Etude d’Assemblages Biologiques (CREAB ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Microsystèmes électromécaniques (LAAS-MEMS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Georgia Tech - CNRS [Metz] (UMI2958), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Georgia Institute of Technology [Lorraine, France]-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-SUPELEC-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)

Subjects
optical fiber, Optical fiber, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SPR, Biosensing Techniques, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Limit of Detection, law, microstructuration, lcsh:TP1-1185, Fiber, Surface plasmon resonance, Instrumentation, Optical Fibers, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, functionalization, Optoelectronics, biomolecular detection, 0210 nano-technology, Materials science, Surface Properties, macromolecular substances, biosensor, label-free, Antibodies, Article, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Animals, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Plasmon, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Rats, 0104 chemical sciences, Light intensity, Bundle, multiplexed detection, Surface modification, Gold, business, Biosensor
Abstract

The development of sensitive methods for in situ detection of biomarkers is a real challenge to bring medical diagnosis a step forward. The proof-of-concept of a remote multiplexed biomolecular interaction detection through a plasmonic optical fiber bundle is demonstrated here. The strategy relies on a fiber optic biosensor designed from a 300 &micro, m diameter bundle composed of 6000 individual optical fibers. When appropriately etched and metallized, each optical fiber exhibits specific plasmonic properties. The surface plasmon resonance phenomenon occurring at the surface of each fiber enables to measure biomolecular interactions, through the changes of the retro-reflected light intensity due to light/plasmon coupling variations. The functionalization of the microstructured bundle by multiple protein probes was performed using new polymeric 3D-printed microcantilevers. Such soft cantilevers allow for immobilizing the probes in micro spots, without damaging the optical microstructures nor the gold layer. We show here the potential of this device to perform the multiplexed detection of two different antibodies with limits of detection down to a few tenths of nanomoles per liter. This tool, adapted for multiparametric, real-time, and label free monitoring is minimally invasive and could then provide a useful platform for in vivo targeted molecular analysis.

Published
2020
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8. Lab on chip microdevices for cellular mechanotransduction in urothelial cells

Author

Ali Maziz, Katarina Hallén-Grufman, Na N. Guan, Edwin Jager, and Karl Svennersten

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, education.field_of_study, Chemistry, Population, Stimulation, Nanotechnology, Lab-on-a-chip, In vitro, law.invention, Cellular mechanotransduction, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, law, Biophysics, Mechanosensitive channels, education, Process (anatomy), Intracellular
Abstract

Cellular mechanotransduction is crucial for physiological function in the lower urinary tract. The bladder is highly dependent on the ability to sense and process mechanical inputs, illustrated by the regulated filling and voiding of the bladder. However, the mechanisms by which the bladder integrates mechanical inputs, such as intravesicular pressure, and controls the smooth muscles, remain unknown. To date no tools exist that satisfactorily mimic in vitro the dynamic micromechanical events initiated e.g. by an emerging inflammatory process or a growing tumour mass in the urinary tract. More specifically, there is a need for tools to study these events on a single cell level or in a small population of cells. We have developed a micromechanical stimulation chip that can apply physiologically relevant mechanical stimuli to single cells to study mechanosensitive cells in the urinary tract. The chips comprise arrays of microactuators based on the electroactive polymer polypyrrole (PPy). PPy offers unique possibilities and is a good candidate to provide such physiological mechanical stimulation, since it is driven at low voltages, is biocompatible, and can be microfabricated. The PPy microactuators can provide mechanical stimulation at different strains and/or strain rates to single cells or clusters of cells, including controls, all integrated on one single chip, without the need to preprepare the cells. This paper reports initial results on the mechano-response of urothelial cells using the micromechanical stimulation chips. We show that urothelial cells are viable on our microdevices and do respond with intracellular Ca2+ increase when subjected to a micro-mechanical stimulation.

Published
2016
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9. Correction to Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Blends for Electrochromic and Electrochemical Transistor Devices

Author

Niclas Solin, Roger Gabrielsson, Chiara Musumeci, Olle Inganäs, Mikhail Vagin, Ali Maziz, Erica Zeglio, Nguyen Tien Son, Xuan Thang Trinh, and Fatima Nadia Ajjan

Subjects
Conjugated polyelectrolyte, Materials science, Electrochromism, law, General Chemical Engineering, Transistor, Materials Chemistry, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Electrochemistry, law.invention
Published
2019
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10. Conducting Polymers as EAPs: Microfabrication

Author

Ali Maziz, Edwin Jager, and Alexandre Khaldi

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Conductive polymer, Materials science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Photolithography, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Microfabrication
Abstract

In this chapter, first some basic principles of photolithography and general microfabrication are introduced. These methods have been adapted to fit the microfabrication of conducting polymer actua ...

Published
2016
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11. Micromechanical stimulation chips for studying mechanotransduction in micturition

Author

Karl Svennersten, Edwin Jager, Ali Maziz, and Katarina Hallén-Grufman

Subjects
Single chip, Mechanobiology, Materials science, Live cell imaging, Electroactive polymers, Nanotechnology, Mechanosensitive channels, Stimulation, Mechanotransduction, Chip, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

We have developed a micromechanical stimulation chip that can apply physiologically relevant mechanical stimuli to single cells to study mechanosensitive cells in the urinary tract. The chips comprise arrays of microactuators based on the electroactive polymer polypyrrole (PPy). PPy offers unique possibilities and is a good candidate to provide such physiological mechanical stimulation, since it is driven at low voltages, is biocompatible, and can be microfabricated. The PPy microactuators can provide mechanical stimulation at different strains and/or strain rates to single cells or clusters of cells, including controls, all integrated on one single chip, without the need to pre-prepare the cells. The chips allow for in situ stimulation during live imaging studies. The use of these devices will increase experimental quality and reduce the number of biological samples. These unique tools fill an important gap in presently available tools, since the chips provide array-based stimulation patterns and are easily integrated in existing cell biology equipment. These chips will generate a leap forward in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in mechanotransduction in cells that may lead to breakthroughs, for instance in therapies for urinary incontinence.

Published
2015
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12. Soft linear electroactive polymer actuators based on polypyrrole

Author

Alexandre Khaldi, Edwin Jager, Ali Maziz, Nils-Krister Persson, and Linköping University (LIU)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Conductive polymer, Textil-, gummi- och polymermaterial, Materials science, Soft robotics, Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials, Nanotechnology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Linear actuator, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polypyrrole, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electroactive polymers, Artificial muscle, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Actuator, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

There is a growing demand for human-friendly robots that can interact and work closely with humans. Such robots need to be compliant, lightweight and equipped with silent and soft actuators. Electroactive polymers such as conducting polymers (CPs) are “smart” materials that deform in response to electrical simulation and are often addressed as artificial muscles due to their functional similarity with natural muscles. They offer unique possibilities and are perfect candidates for such actuators since they are lightweight, silent, and driven at low voltages. Most CP actuators are fabricated using electrochemical oxidative synthesis. We have developed new CP based fibres employing both vapour phase and liquid phase electrochemical synthesis. We will present the fabrication and characterisation of these fibres as well as their performance as linear actuators.

Published
2015
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13. Electronic Paper: Plasmonic Metasurfaces with Conjugated Polymers for Flexible Electronic Paper in Color (Adv. Mater. 45/2016)

Author

Lei Shao, Gustav Emilsson, Edwin Jager, Ali Maziz, Kunli Xiong, Xinxin Yang, and Andreas B. Dahlin

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Conjugated system, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, law, Electrochromism, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Electronic paper, business, Plasmon
Published
2016
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14. In search of better electroactive polymer actuator materials: PPy versus PEDOT versus PEDOT–PPy composites

Author

Ali Maziz, Cédric Plesse, Tarmo Tamm, Rauno Temmer, Alvo Aabloo, Frédéric Vidal, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Université Paris-Seine, Institute of Technology, and Tartu University

Subjects
Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, Polypyrrole, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, PEDOT:PSS, Electroactive polymers, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Conductive polymer, chemistry.chemical_classification, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Signal Processing, Propylene carbonate, Ionic liquid, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

A comparative study of metal-free air-operated polypyrrole and PEDOT based trilayer actuators is presented. Actuators made of both pure and combined conducting polymers are considered. Trilayer bending actuators, synthesized in similar conditions, are characterized in terms of the structure, electrochemical and electro-chemo-mechanical properties. The characterization was carried out using two popular electrolytes: LiTFSI in propylene carbonate and a room-temperature ionic liquid EMIm TFSI. The results reveal that structure and actuation properties of the synthesized actuators depend on both the polymer chosen for the chemically synthesized electrode layer as well as the electrochemically synthesized working layer.

Published
2013
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