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BackgroundEvidence-based practice (EBP) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of healthcare services by ensuring the delivery of the highest and safest level of patient care since EBP helps in justifying treatment choices to patients. Studies that examine the levels of EBP knowledge, attitudes toward EBP, and use of the use of EBP within anesthetic teams' practice are lacking, hence it is necessary to explore this.AimTo evaluate anesthesia teams' levels of knowledge, attitude toward and use of the evidence-based practice in a local hospital in Saudi Arabia.MethodIn one hospital, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling technique using a validated questionnaire instrument called the Evidence-Based Practice EBP Questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed through an online method to 173 participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics Tests were utilized to analyse the retrieved data using the SPSS program.ResultsOne hundred and forty questionnaires were completed and returned, yielding a response rate of 80.9%. Overall, anesthesia teams showed a high positive attitude toward EBP but low levels of knowledge and use of EBP. Participants with higher levels of education and/or work experience exhibited significantly higher levels of knowledge and use of EBP than those who had lower education levels and/or work experience. Also, higher levels of education and/or work experience exhibited a significant positive association toward a higher level of knowledge and use of EBP. However, attitude levels toward EBP did not exhibit either significant or associated. Physicians showed significantly higher knowledge and use of EBP than non-physicians. Lack of knowledge and lack of time due to workload were the leading barriers encountered by anesthesia teams ATs.ConclusionEducation level, work experience and job position affect the knowledge, attitude, and use of EBP. Continuous education and minimizing barriers are recommended to enhance the knowledge, attitude, and use of EBP among anesthesia teams in Saudi Arabia.

Water harvesting (WH) and aquifer recharge (AR) have been promoted in recent decades as solutions to the overexploitation of groundwater resources in many countries around the world. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) enable the analysis of many parameters to identify potential WH and AR sites and suitable zones for site-specific and cost-effective recharge structures. Iraq is located within an arid and semiarid region and thus suffers from water scarcity and absent surface water resources. The use of RS and GIS technology for detection of appropriate sites for WH and AR could potentially increase water availability. The criteria selected for determining appropriate WH and AR areas were runoff, drainage, geology, groundwater depth, slope, soil texture, and land use/land cover. The selection of these criteria was found to be more important and more frequent in a literature review for WH and AR, and the weightage of each criterion should be based on the opinion of experts. The obtained results indicated only five optimum sites for check dam construction for WH, due to their locations in suitable land class, slope (

The aim of this study was to study the correlation between the Ser447ter (C-G) polymorphisms of the LPL gene and rs9939609 of the FTO gene and obesity in children and adolescents of the Rostov region (Russia). A case-control study examined the relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphisms of the FTO gene and Ser447Ter (S447X) of the LPL gene with obesity in 520 children and adolescents of both sexes aged 3 to 18 years: the main group consisted of 370 obese children and adolescents, and the control group - 150 children and adolescents without obesity. Genotyping of polymorphisms T / A rs9939609 of the FTO gene and C / G Ser447Ter of the LPL gene was performed using PCR- allele-specific primers. Polymorphisms of the FTO rs9939609 and LPL Ser447Ter genes in donor DNA samples were typed by the electrophoretic method using commercial test systems from the Litekh research and production com-pany (Russia). The relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene and obesity was revealed, differences (P

The infill walls may lose their positive effects during the first stages of earthquakes, either by leaving their plane or through breakage. That is why it is common to strengthen these walls before design earthquakes or to repair and strengthen them after suffering slight or moderate damage due to the occurrence of an earthquake. In this study, the effect of adding and strengthening these walls on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete structures was investigated. For this purpose, the infill walls were strengthened with a single mesh of reinforcement and covered with plaster. Five one-story, single bay and ½ scaled reinforced concrete frames were cast, one was built without infill, the second with a bare infill wall, and the other three with strengthened infill walls with anchorage of different diameters. All these specimens were tested under cyclic loading type reverse. The tests resulted in important relationships and curves, including the lateral load-lateral displacement, envelope curve-lateral load and lateral displacement, as well as stiffness- lateral displacement and others. Through these results, the effect of adding infill walls and the strengthening procedure of these walls on the structural behavior of the structures was discussed.

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, and later spread throughout the world, including Iraq. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, Iraq, like other countries, has imposed national lockdown measures, such as social distancing, restriction of automobile traffic, and industrial enterprises. This has led to reduced human activities and air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement in air quality. This study focused on the analysis of the impact of the six partial, total, and post-lockdown periods (1st partial lockdown from March 1 to16, 2020, 1st total lockdown from March 17 to April 21, 2nd partial lockdown from April 22 to May 23, 2nd total lockdown from May 24 to June 13, 3rd partial lockdown from June 14 to August 19, and end partial lockdown from August 20 to 31) on the average of daily NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations, as well as air quality index (AQI) in 18 Iraqi provinces during these periods (from March 1st to August 31st, 2020). The analysis showed a decline in the average of daily PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations by 24%, 15%, and 8%, respectively from March 17 to April 21, 2020 (first phase of total lockdown) in comparison to the 1st phase of partial lockdown (March 1 to March 16, 2020). Furthermore, the O3 increased by 10% over the same period. The 2nd phase of total lockdown, the 3rd partial lockdown, and the post-lockdown periods witnessed declines in PM2.5 by 8%, 11%, and 21%, respectively, while the PM10 increases over the same period. Iraqi also witnessed improvement in the AQI by 8% during the 1st phase of total lockdown compared to the 1st phase of partial lockdown. The level of air pollutants in Iraq declined significantly during the six lockdown periods as a result of reduced human activities. This study gives confidence that when strict measures are implemented, air quality can improve.

For decades, human health was threaten (especially that of children) by what considered as a potential sources of lead exposure which are: lead-contaminated water, soil, and air. The proposed of the research involve developing an integrated exposure, uptake, and biokinetic (IEUBK) model as a human health risk model to predict the blood lead levels BLL in children. The data set of this project for human health risk posed by Pb contamination in air, water and soil were obtained from previous study achieved in 2014 which carried out on 108 school children (School children in rural areas (n=76 child) and School children in urban areas (n=32child) matched for age. The environmental samples demonstrated that the concentration of lead for air and soil exceeded the international acceptable threshold values. However, the concentration of lead in water was below the threshold value. The BLL value from currently result of IEUBK model was above the agency’s threshold of concern, 10 μg/dL which was documented as children’s BLL lowest level of concern. This predicted values result of BLL was in agreement with actual value of BLL in blood samples of school children for the chosen study. Also, the results of this research confirmed that the high BLL could be attributed to the high lead level in both air and soil of contaminate environment.

The Nile rose or water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an aquatic species threaten socio-economic and ecological systems, by invading freshwater ecosystems, affecting their productivity and functionality, as well as causing unfixable damage to key hydrological processes. Spectral signature differences can play a common role through using remote identification for these invasive plants, by using hyperspectral data, while many other studies showed that textural and phrenological differences are also can be considered as an effective strategy in this critical problem. New generation sensors like Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 sensors of recently launched crop with improved sensing characteristics, unlike the previous broadband multispectral sensors has been provided untapped prospective alternatives. New insights were introduced in the detecting, mapping, and monitoring the spread of Nile Rose aquatic plant in the Tigris River at Wasit province in Iraq which has caused damage to fishing nets and make it difficult for fishermen to paddle on the river. Vegetation indices have been used to assess the impacts on major socio-economic activities in the study area. Spectral reflectance of Landsat 8 operational land imager OLI (acquired at 6 Oct 2016) was used to differentiate the spectral signature of the water hyacinth from other plants. These indices recorded the highest reflection of the Nile Rose plant relative to the rest of the plants. The result showed that the green Chlorophyll Index (CL Green) with overall accuracy of 89% which proved that this study has established a promising method for monitoring the invasion of the Nile Rose in the Tigris River to insure the availability of safe drinking water as a main source for the people such as in the study area nearby the part of Tigris River. Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-06-09 (johcin)

Covid-19 was first reported in Iraq on February 24, 2020. Since then, to prevent its propagation, the Iraqi government declared a state of health emergency. A set of rapid and strict countermeasures have taken, including locking down cities and limiting population's mobility. In this study, concentrations of four criteria pollutants, NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 before the lockdown from January 16 to February 29, 2020, and during four periods of partial and total lockdown from March 1 to July 24, 2020, in Baghdad were analysed. Overall, 6, 8 and 15% decreases in NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations, respectively in Baghdad during the 1st partial and total lockdown from March 1 to April 21, compared to the period before the lockdown. While, there were 13% increase in O3 for same period. During the 2nd partial lockdown from June 14 to July 24, NO2 and PM2.5 decreases 20 and 2.5%, respectively. While, there were 525 and 56% increase in O3 and PM10, respectively for same period. The air quality index (AQI) improved by 13% in Baghdad during the 1st partial lockdown from March 1 to April 21, compared to its pre-lockdown. The results of NO2 tropospheric column extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite shown the NO2 emissions reduced up to 35 to 40% across Iraq, due to lockdown measures, between January and July, 2020, especially across the major cities such as Baghdad, Basra and Erbil. The lockdown due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on social and economic aspects. However, the lockdown also has some positive effect on natural environment and air quality improvement., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image, Highlights • NO2 concentrations reduced by 6, 7, 8 and 20%, respectively in Baghdad during the lockdown. • O3 concentrations increased by 13%, 75%, 225% and 525%, for the same periods. • AQI improved in Baghdad by 13%, compared to the pre-lockdown. • NO2 emissions reduced up to 35 to 40% in Iraq compared to the pre-lockdown.

Comparison of two conventional analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for measuring Pb concentrations in soil samples was achieved using field and laboratory work. Seventy-three samples were collected from urban areas surrounding the large lead smelter at South Australia, as an indicator of the environment impact of smelter activity. Soil Pb concentrations were determined using hand-held XRF analyser under laboratory conditions. ICP-MS analysis on digested soils (using a microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion-extraction) was applied to validate p-XRF data. The analysis showed that Pb concentrations determined by XRF correlated with high linearity with Pb concentrations determined by ICP-MS measurements (R2 = 0.89). Statistical test (t test) was applied to the data of both methods applied without any significant difference between the two techniques. These results indicated that ICP-MS corroborated XRF for Pb soil measurements and suggests that XRF was a reliable and quick alternative to traditional analytical methods in studies of environmental health risk assessment, allowing for much larger sampling regimes in relatively shorter times and could be applied in the field. Validerad;2017;Nivå 2;2017-06-27 (andbra)

Objectives: The study was designed to an estimate the prevalence of antiphospholipid IgG and IgM antibodies with toxoplasmosis patients among aborted and non-aborted women. Methodology: A total number of 70 Iraqi patients aborted and non-aborted women were included in the present study. In addition, a total of 30 apparently healthy women and negative for antiphospholipid IgG and IgM antibodies were selected as a control group. The study was carried out during the period of October 2012 till January 2013. Blood samples and laboratory investigation was in Teaching Laboratory of the Medical city of Baghdad, using to detect antibodies type IgG and IgM for antiphospholipid and Toxoplasma gondii by utilize ELISA technique according to standard procedures describe by manufacturer. Results: The results showed that the age stratum (21-30) years was found to be highly frequent in both studiedgroups was significant (P

Visible–Near and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy has the potential to become an important additional technique in the geosciences for soil classification, mapping and remote determination of soil properties and mineral composition. It is also becoming increasingly important to improve the spatial resolution of soil maps to better tackle localized issues such as soil contamination. Long-term spiked soils having a range of lead (Pb) concentrations from five different locations across Australia were analysed for a range of physio-chemical properties as well as their spectral reflectance between 400 and 2500 nm. Spectral and chemical analyses were correlated using partial least squares regression (PLSR), to predict soil Pb concentration. While across all soils studied ( n = 31 ) , the Pb content was weakly predicted from spectra, reliable correlations with the major spectrally active components were found in models of total carbon and iron, which were predicted much better than most other soil constituents. However, a good prediction of Pb concentration was found in two of the soil subsets which indicated that spectral reflectance analysis may require soils to be of the same type in order to be effective. For a long-term atmospheric smelter emission Pb contaminated soil, the correlations between Pb measurements and spectral reflectance in both calibration ( R c 2 ) and validation ( R v 2 ) modes reached 0.99 and 0.75 respectively with a calibration root mean square error ( R M S E c ) of 19 and validation root mean square error ( R M S E V ) of 345 and an acceptable performance of deviation RPD of 1.7. For a long-term spiked (LTS) soil, both R c 2 and R v 2 reached 0.99 and 0.96 respectively with a R M S E c of 58 and a R M S E V of 396 with an excellent RPD of 12.15. These results indicated that reflectance spectroscopy has the potential to rapidly determine Pb contamination in a homogeneous soil.