35 results on '"Alexis Brown"'
Search Results
2. Supplementary Figure 2 from OX40 Agonist Therapy Enhances CD8 Infiltration and Decreases Immune Suppression in the Tumor
- Author
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Andrew D. Weinberg, Alexis Brown, Birat Dhungel, William L. Redmond, Carl E. Ruby, and Michael J. Gough
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 2 from OX40 Agonist Therapy Enhances CD8 Infiltration and Decreases Immune Suppression in the Tumor
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- 2023
3. Supplementary Figure 1 from OX40 Agonist Therapy Enhances CD8 Infiltration and Decreases Immune Suppression in the Tumor
- Author
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Andrew D. Weinberg, Alexis Brown, Birat Dhungel, William L. Redmond, Carl E. Ruby, and Michael J. Gough
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure 1 from OX40 Agonist Therapy Enhances CD8 Infiltration and Decreases Immune Suppression in the Tumor
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- 2023
4. Data from OX40 Agonist Therapy Enhances CD8 Infiltration and Decreases Immune Suppression in the Tumor
- Author
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Andrew D. Weinberg, Alexis Brown, Birat Dhungel, William L. Redmond, Carl E. Ruby, and Michael J. Gough
- Abstract
Acquisition of full T-cell effector function and memory differentiation requires appropriate costimulatory signals, including ligation of the costimulatory molecule OX40 (TNFRSF4, CD134). Tumors often grow despite the presence of tumor-specific T cells and establish an environment with weak costimulation and immune suppression. Administration of OX40 agonists has been shown to significantly increase the survival of tumor-bearing mice and was dependent on the presence of both CD4 and CD8 T cells during tumor-specific priming. To understand how OX40 agonists work in mice with established tumors, we developed a model to study changes in immune cell populations within the tumor environment. We show here that systemic administration of OX40 agonist antibodies increased the proportion of CD8 T cells at the tumor site in three different tumor models. The function of the CD8 T cells at the tumor site was also increased by administration of OX40 agonist antibody, and we observed an increase in the proportion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells within the tumor. Despite decreases in the proportion of T regulatory cells at the tumor site, T regulatory cell function in the spleen was unaffected by OX40 agonist antibody therapy. Interestingly, administration of OX40 agonist antibody caused significant changes in the tumor stroma, including decreased macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and decreased expression of transforming growth factor-β. Thus, therapies targeting OX40 dramatically changed the tumor environment by enhancing the infiltration and function of CD8 T cells combined with diminished suppressive influences within the tumor. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5206–15]
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- 2023
5. Twelve-Month Outcomes of the AFFINITY Trial of Fluoxetine for Functional Recovery After Acute Stroke: AFFINITY Trial Steering Committee on Behalf of the AFFINITY Trial Collaboration
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Graeme J. Hankey, Maree L. Hackett, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Leon Flicker, Gillian E. Mead, Martin S. Dennis, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Andrew H. Ford, Laurent Billot, Stephen Jan, Thomas Lung, Erik Lundström, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen, Craig S. Anderson, Huy Thang-Nguyen, John Gommans, Qilong Yi, Veronica Murray, Robert Herbert, Gregory Carter, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Huy-Thang Nguyen, Qiang Li, Severine Bompoint, Sarah Barrett, Anne Claxton, Julia O’Dea, Michelle Tang, Clare Williams, Shenae Peterson, Christie Drummond, Uyen-Ha Hong, Linh-Thi My Le, Tram-Thi Bich Ngo, Yen-Bao Mai, Huyen-Thanh Han, Nhu-Quynh Truong, Huong-Thi Nguyen, Hai-Thanh Ngo, Thi Binh Nguyen, Oanh-Thi Kieu Ha, Trang-Le Huyen Nguyen, Richard I. Lindley, Peter New, Andrew Lee, Thanh-Trung Tran, Loan-Tran Truc Mai Le, Thuy-Le Vu Kieu, Sang-Van Nguyen, Thuy-Anh Diem Nguyen, Tam-Nhat Dang, Hanh-Thi Truc Phan, Loan-Thi Ngoc Vo, Mai-Hue Nguyen, Hanh-Cao Dang, Hong-Thi Tran, Linh-Thi Cam Dam, Trinh-Thi Kim Ngo, Thai-Nguyen Thanh Pham, Binh-Nguyen Pham, Nha-Thi Thanh Dao, Huong-Thi Bich Nguyen, Linh-Thi Cam Le, Chi-Minh Do, Huy-Quoc Huynh, Giau-Thi Kim Tran, Oanh-Thi Le, Ly-Thi Khanh Tran, Chinh-Dinh Duong, Duong-Van Kieu, Na Le, Hoa-Ngoc Nguyen, Binh-Van Le, Long-Thanh Nguyen, Long-Van Nguyen, Tuan-Quoc Dinh, Tan-Van Vo, Tram-Ngoc Bui, Uyen-Thi To Hoang, Hien-Thi Bich Nguyen, Ha-Thi Thu Nguyen, Nga-Thuy Lam, Khanh-Kim Le, Phuong-Thanh Trinh, Hop-Quang Huynh, Thao-Thi Thu Nguyen, Huyen-Ngoc Lu, Tham-Hong Pham, Sam-Hoanh Nguyen, Ninh-Hong Le, Giang-Truong Nguyen, Bich-Thi Doan, Sung-Phuoc Pham, Duong-Huu Luong, Ha-Van Mai, Thuc-Van Tran, Phuong-Thi Do, Hoai-Thi Le, Chi-Van Nguyen, Phuong-Doan Nguyen, Ton-Duy Mai, Phuong-Viet Dao, Dung-Tien Nguyen, Dai-Quoc Khuong, Trung-Xuan Vuong, Lan-Tuong Vu, Ngoc-Duc Ngo, Hanh-Hong Dang, Phuong-Thai Truong, Ngan-Thi Le, Hoa-Van Hoang, Chung-Quang Do, Minh-Thao Nguyen, Anh-Hai Dam, Quynh-Nhu Le, Ngoc-Hoang Nguyen, Tuyen-Van Nguyen, Toan-Dinh Le, Ha-Thi Hai Dinh, Cuong–Van Pham, Khanh-Thi Ngoc Thach, Linh-Hai Nguyen, Loan-Thi Nguyen, Vien-Chi Le, Phuong-Hong Tran, Tai-Anh Nguyen, Tuan-Van Le, Luyen-Van Truong, Tue-Chau Bui, Ngoc-Xuan Huynh, Lap-Van Dinh, An-Gia Pham, Trang-Thi Huyen Le, Vy-Tuong Nguyen, Yen-Hai Nguyen, Thang-Ba Nguyen, Huy Thai, Quyen-Thi Ngoc Pham, Khoa-Duy Dao, Quoc-Nguyen Bao Pham, Thuong-Thi Huyen Dang, Huong-Huynh To Dinh, Trang-Mai Tong, Thuy-Thi Vu, Si-Tri Le, Tai-Ngoc Tran, Phuong-Hoai Tran, Ngoc-Thuy Nhu Dinh, Binh-Thanh Nguyen, Vinh-Phuong Do, Anh-Ngoc Nguyen, Binh-Thi Thanh Nguyen, David Blacker, Lindsey Bunce, Ai Ling Tan, Darshan Ghia, Gillian Edmonds, Nicole O’Loughlin, Megan Ewing, Kerri-Ann Whittaker, Lorralee Deane, Yash Gawarikar, Brett Jones, Maria Lopez, Koushik Nagesh, Emma Siracusa, Stephen Davis, Amy McDonald, Jess Tsoleridis, Rachael McCoy, David Jackson, Gab Silver, Timothy R. Bates, Amanda Boudville, Lynda Southwell, Dennis Cordato, Alan J. McDougall, Cecilia Cappelen-Smith, Zeljka Calic, Shabeel Askar, Qi Cheng, Raymond Kumar, Richard Geraghty, Maree Duroux, Megan Ratcliffe, Samantha Shone, Cassandra McLennan, Ramesh Sahathevan, Casey Hair, Stanley Levy, Beverley Macdonald, Benjamin Nham, Louise Rigney, Dev Nathani, Sumana Gopinath, Vishal Patel, Abul Mamun, Benjamin Trewin, Chun Phua, Ho Choong, Lauren Tarrant, Kerry Boyle, Luisa Hewitt, Monique Hourn, Amanda Masterson, Kim Oakley, Karen Ruddell, Colette Sanctuary, Kimberley Veitch, Camelia Burdusel, Lina Lee, Gary Cheuk, Jeremy Christley, Tabitha Hartwell, Craig Davenport, Kate Hickey, Rosanna Robertson, Michelle Carr, Sam Akbari, Hannah Coyle, Megan O’Neill, Cameron Redpath, Caroline Roberts, Marjan Tabesh, Toni Withiel, Kapila Abeysuriya, Andrew Granger, Angela Abraham, Chermaine Chua, Dung Do Nguyen, Vathani Surendran, Melissa Daines, David Shivlal, Mudassar Latif, Noreen Mughal, Patricia Morgan, Martin Krause, Miriam Priglinger, Ehsan E. Shandiz, Susan Day, Lay Kho, Michael Pollack, Judith Dunne, Helen Baines, Merridie Rees, Jenni White, Aicuratiya Withanage, Candice Delcourt, Cheryl Carcel, Alejandra Malavera, Amy Kunchok, Elizabeth Ray, Elizabeth Pepper, Emily Duckett, Sally Ormond, Andrew Moey, Timothy Kleinig, Vanessa Maxwell, Chantal Baldwin, Wilson Vallat, Deborah Field, Romesh Markus, Kirsty Page, Danielle Wheelwright, Sam Bolitho, Steven Faux, Fix Sangvatanakul, Alexis Brown, Susan Walker, Jennifer Massey, Hillary Hayes, Pesi Katrak, Annie Winker, Alessandro Zagami, Alanah Bailey, Sarah Mccormack, Andrew Murray, Mark Rollason, Christopher Taylor, Fintan O’Rourke, Ye Min Kuang, Heike Burnet, Yvonne Liu, Aileen Wu, Diana Ramirez, Tissa Wijeratne, Sherisse Celestino, Essie Low, Cynthia Chen, Jennifer Bergqvist, Andrew Evans, Queenie Leung, Martin Jude, Rachael McQueen, Katherine Mohr, Latitia Kernaghan, Paul Stockle, Boon L. Tan, Sara Laubscher, Diana Schmid, Melissa Spooner, Bhavesh Lallu, Bronwen Pepperell, John Chalissery, Karim Mahawish, Susan DeCaigney, Paula Broughton, Karen Knight, Veronica Duque, Harry McNaughton, Jeremy Lanford, Vivian Fu, and Lai-Kin Wong
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Steering committee ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Placebo ,B700 ,Fractures, Bone ,Cognition ,Double-Blind Method ,Recurrence ,Seizures ,Fluoxetine ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Stroke ,Fatigue ,Aged ,Ischemic Stroke ,Acute stroke ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,business.industry ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,Functional recovery ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Affect ,Hemorrhagic Stroke ,Quality of Life ,Accidental Falls ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Stroke recovery ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background and Purpose: The AFFINITY trial (Assessment of Fluoxetine in Stroke Recovery) reported that oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and seizures. After trial medication was ceased at 6 months, survivors were followed to 12 months post-randomization. This preplanned secondary analysis aimed to determine any sustained or delayed effects of fluoxetine at 12 months post-randomization. Methods: AFFINITY was a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults (n=1280) with a clinical diagnosis of stroke in the previous 2 to 15 days and persisting neurological deficit who were recruited at 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (4), and Vietnam (10) between 2013 and 2019. Participants were randomized to oral fluoxetine 20 mg once daily (n=642) or matching placebo (n=638) for 6 months and followed until 12 months after randomization. The primary outcome was function, measured by the modified Rankin Scale, at 6 months. Secondary outcomes for these analyses included measures of the modified Rankin Scale, mood, cognition, overall health status, fatigue, health-related quality of life, and safety at 12 months. Results: Adherence to trial medication was for a mean 167 (SD 48) days and similar between randomized groups. At 12 months, the distribution of modified Rankin Scale categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.76–1.14]; P =0.46). Compared with placebo, patients allocated fluoxetine had fewer recurrent ischemic strokes (14 [2.18%] versus 29 [4.55%]; P =0.02), and no longer had significantly more falls (27 [4.21%] versus 15 [2.35%]; P =0.08), bone fractures (23 [3.58%] versus 11 [1.72%]; P =0.05), or seizures (11 [1.71%] versus 8 [1.25%]; P =0.64) at 12 months. Conclusions: Fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke had no delayed or sustained effect on functional outcome, falls, bone fractures, or seizures at 12 months poststroke. The lower rate of recurrent ischemic stroke in the fluoxetine group is most likely a chance finding. Registration: URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/ ; Unique identifier: ACTRN12611000774921.
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- 2021
6. Orthotropic Hygroscopic Behavior of Mass Timber: Theory, Computation, and Experimental Validation
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Danyang Tong, Susan-Alexis Brown, Hao Yin, David Corr, Eric Landis, Giovanni Di Luzio, and Gianluca Cusatis
- Abstract
Recent rapid improvements in laminated timber technology has led to the increased use of of wood in both mid- and high-rise construction, generally posed as a more carbon friendly alternative to concrete. However, wood is significantly more sensitive to changes in relative humidity than concrete, which may impact the sustainability and durability of mass timber buildings. Moisture cycling in particular affects not only shrinkage and swelling but also strongly influences wood creep. This sensitivity is of high concern for engineered wood used in mass timber buildings. At the same time, wood, considered as an orthotropic material, exhibits varying diffusivity in all three directions, complicating efforts to characterize its behavior. In this work, an orthotropic hygroscopic model was developed for use in laminated timber. A species database for wood sorption isotherm was created and an existing model was used to fit species-based parameters. Diffusion behavior which considers the sorption isotherm was modeled through numerical simulations, and species-dependent orthotropic diffusion parameters were identified. A database of permeability in all directions for various species was created. The resulting model is able to predict diffusion behavior in glulam and cross laminated timber (CLT) for multiple species of the lab tests. The model also predicts the moisture ranges for a CLT panel under environmental change with parameters from these sorption isotherm and diffusion databases.
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- 2022
7. The Influence of Diet, Exercise and Education Level During Pregnancy on Child Cavities and Tooth Eruption
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Linda E May, Alexis Brown, Alex Kordis, Christopher Cotterill, and Vanessa Pardi
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Pregnancy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Offspring ,Obstetrics ,Tooth eruption ,Oral health ,medicine.disease ,Healthy diet ,stomatognathic diseases ,Dental examination ,medicine ,business ,Exercise duration ,Unsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
Objectives: This study’s objective was to evaluate if exercise during pregnancy, a healthy diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and calcium, and the mother’s educational level influenced the dental health measures of caries risk and tooth eruption of their offspring. Methods: Women with children 6 years and younger completed questionnaires regarding PA and diet (PUFA-rich, calcium-rich (Ca) dairy foods) during pregnancy and education level prior to their child’s dental examination. T-tests were used to compare exercisers and non-exercisers; correlation and regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships and predictors of child dental health, respectively. Results: Eighty-two mother-child pairs were analysed. Exercisers had trends of increased PUFA (p=0.07) and Ca-rich dairy foods (p=0.12) to non-exercisers during pregnancy. Ca-rich dairy foods during pregnancy had positive associations with primary tooth count (p=0.004), mixed surface count (p=0.02), and tooth eruption (p=0.04). Controlling for maternal education and exercise, tooth eruption was predicted by PUFA summary and cheese consumption while dairy summary predicted primary tooth count; caries risk was predicted by maternal education; primary surface caries was associated with exercise duration. Conclusion: During pregnancy, calcium-rich dairy and PUFA-rich foods influenced child tooth eruption and thus tooth count, while exercise duration was associated with primary surface caries. Maternal education was associated with lower caries risk. Our findings support educating women on calcium intake and appropriate exercise levels during pregnancy, plus oral health counseling for their child.
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- 2021
8. Cascading effects of habitat loss on ectoparasite communities and their associated bacterial microbiomes
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Kelly A. Speer, Tiago Teixeira, Alexis Brown, Susan Perkins, Katharina Dittmar, Melissa Ingala, Claudia Wultsch, Konstantinos Krampis, Carl Dick, Spencer Galen, Nancy Simmons, and Elizabeth Clare
- Abstract
Suitable habitat fragment size, isolation, and distance from a source are important variables influencing community composition of plants and animals, but the role of these environmental factors in determining composition and variation of host-associated microbial communities is poorly known. In parasite-associated microbial communities, it is hypothesized that evolution and ecology of an arthropod parasite will influence its microbiome more than broader environmental factors, but this hypothesis has not been extensively tested. To examine the influence of the broader environment on the parasite microbiome, we applied high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA to characterize the microbiome of 222 obligate ectoparasitic bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) collected from 155 bats (representing six species) from ten habitat fragments in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Parasite species identity is the strongest driver of microbiome composition. To a lesser extent, reduction in habitat fragment area, but not isolation, is associated with an increase in connectance and betweenness centrality of bacterial association networks driven by changes in the diversity of the parasite community. Controlling for the parasite community, bacterial network topology covaries with habitat patch area and exhibits parasite-species specific responses to environmental change. Taken together, habitat loss may have cascading consequences for communities of interacting macro- and microorgansims.
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- 2022
9. Safety and Efficacy of Post-Eradication Smallpox Vaccine as an Mpox Vaccine: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
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Shelia M. Malone, Amal K. Mitra, Nwanne A. Onumah, Alexis Brown, Lena M. Jones, Da’Chirion Tresvant, Cagney S. Brown, Austine U. Onyia, and Faith O. Iseguede
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, 83,339 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 72 deaths, of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), have been reported from 110 locations globally as of 20 December 2022, making the disease a public health concern. Most of the cases (56,171, 67.4%) were reported from countries in North America. Limited data on vaccine effectiveness in the current mpox outbreak are available. However, the modified vaccinia virus (smallpox vaccine) has been predicted to prevent or reduce the severity of the mpox infection. The present study of systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the modified vaccinia vaccine’s safety and efficacy on mpox by using reported randomized clinical trials. Following guidelines from the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA, multiple databases including PubMed, PLOS ONE, Google Scholar, British Medical Journal, and the U. S. National Library of Medicine were searched. Out of 13,294 research articles initially identified, 187 were screened after removing duplicates. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the meta-analysis included ten studies with 7430 patients. Three researchers independently assessed the risk of bias in the included study. The pooled results suggest that the vaccinia-exposed group had fewer side effects when compared to the vaccinia naïve group (odds ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.07–2.57; p = 0.03). Overall, the modified vaccinia has proven safe and effective in both vaccinia naïve and previously exposed groups, with higher efficacy in the previously exposed groups.
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- 2023
10. Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
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Graeme J. Hankey, Maree L. Hackett, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Leon Flicker, Gillian E. Mead, Martin S. Dennis, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Andrew H. Ford, Laurent Billot, Stephen Jan, Thomas Lung, Veronica Murray, Erik Lundström, Craig S. Anderson, Robert Herbert, Gregory Carter, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Huy-Thang Nguyen, John Gommans, Qilong Yi, Qiang Li, Severine Bompoint, Sarah Barrett, Anne Claxton, Julia O'Dea, Michelle Tang, Clare Williams, Shenae Peterson, Christie Drummond, Uyen-Ha Hong, Linh-Thi My Le, Tram-Thi Bich Ngo, Yen-Bao Mai, Huyen-Thanh Han, Nhu-Quynh Truong, Huong-Thi Nguyen, Hai-Thanh Ngo, Thi Binh Nguyen, Oanh-Thi Kieu Ha, Trang-Le Huyen Nguyen, Richard I. Lindley, Peter New, Andrew Lee, Thanh-Trung Tran, Loan-Tran Truc Mai Le, Thuy-Le Vu Kieu, Sang-Van Nguyen, Thuy-Anh Diem Nguyen, Tam-Nhat Dang, Hanh-Thi Truc Phan, Loan-Thi Ngoc Vo, Mai-Hue Nguyen, Hanh-Cao Dang, Hong-Thi Tran, Linh-Thi Cam Dam, Trinh-Thi Kim Ngo, Thai-Nguyen Thanh Pham, Binh-Nguyen Pham, Nha-Thi Thanh Dao, Huong-Thi Bich Nguyen, Linh-Thi Cam Le, Chi-Minh Do, Huy-Quoc Huynh, Giau-Thi Kim Tran, Oanh-Thi Le, Ly-Thi Khanh Tran, Chinh-Dinh Duong, Duong-Van Kieu, Na Le, Hoa-Ngoc Nguyen, Binh-Van Le, Long-Thanh Nguyen, Long-Van Nguyen, Tuan-Quoc Dinh, Tan-Van Vo, Tram-Ngoc Bui, Uyen-Thi To Hoang, Hien-Thi Bich Nguyen, Ha-Thi Thu Nguyen, Nga-Thuy Lam, Khanh-Kim Le, Phuong-Thanh Trinh, Hop-Quang Huynh, Thao-Thi Thu Nguyen, Huyen-Ngoc Lu, Tham-Hong Pham, Sam-Hoanh Nguyen, Ninh-Hong Le, Giang-Truong Nguyen, Bich-Thi Doan, Sung-Phuoc Pham, Duong-Huu Luong, Ha-Van Mai, Thuc-Van Tran, Phuong-Thi Do, Hoai-Thi Le, Chi-Van Nguyen, Phuong-Doan Nguyen, Ton-Duy Mai, Phuong-Viet Dao, Dung-Tien Nguyen, Dai-Quoc Khuong, Trung-Xuan Vuong, Lan-Tuong Vu, Ngoc-Duc Ngo, Hanh-Hong Dang, Phuong-Thai Truong, Ngan-Thi Le, Hoa-Van Hoang, Chung-Quang Do, Minh-Thao Nguyen, Anh-Hai Dam, Quynh-Nhu Le, Ngoc-Hoang Nguyen, Tuyen-Van Nguyen, Toan-Dinh Le, Ha-Thi Hai Dinh, Cuong-Van Pham, Khanh-Thi Ngoc Thach, Linh-Hai Nguyen, Loan-Thi Nguyen, Vien-Chi Le, Phuong-Hong Tran, Tai-Anh Nguyen, Tuan-Van Le, Luyen-Van Truong, Tue-Chau Bui, Ngoc-Xuan Huynh, Lap-Van Dinh, An-Gia Pham, Trang-Thi Huyen Le, Vy-Tuong Nguyen, Yen-Hai Nguyen, Thang-Ba Nguyen, Huy Thai, Quyen-Thi Ngoc Pham, Khoa-Duy Dao, Quoc-Nguyen Bao Pham, Thuong-Thi Huyen Dang, Huong-Huynh To Dinh, Trang-Mai Tong, Thuy-Thi Vu, Si-Tri Le, Tai-Ngoc Tran, Phuong-Hoai Tran, Ngoc-Thuy Nhu Dinh, Binh-Thanh Nguyen, Vinh-Phuong Do, Anh-Ngoc Nguyen, Binh-Thi Thanh Nguyen, David Blacker, Lindsey Bunce, Ai Ling Tan, Darshan Ghia, Gillian Edmonds, Nicole O'Loughlin, Megan Ewing, Kerri-Ann Whittaker, Lorralee Deane, Yash Gawarikar, Brett Jones, Maria Lopez, Koushik Nagesh, Emma Siracusa, Stephen Davis, Amy McDonald, Jess Tsoleridis, Rachael McCoy, David Jackson, Gab Silver, Timothy R. Bates, Amanda Boudville, Lynda Southwell, Dennis Cordato, Alan J. McDougall, Cecilia Cappelen-Smith, Zeljka Calic, Shabeel Askar, Qi Cheng, Raymond Kumar, Richard Geraghty, Maree Duroux, Megan Ratcliffe, Samantha Shone, Cassandra McLennan, Ramesh Sahathevan, Casey Hair, Stanley Levy, Beverley Macdonald, Benjamin Nham, Louise Rigney, Dev Nathani, Sumana Gopinath, Vishal Patel, Abul Mamun, Benjamin Trewin, Chun Phua, Ho Choong, Lauren Tarrant, Kerry Boyle, Luisa Hewitt, Monique Hourn, Amanda Masterson, Kim Oakley, Karen Ruddell, Colette Sanctuary, Kimberley Veitch, Camelia Burdusel, Lina Lee, Gary Cheuk, Jeremy Christley, Tabitha Hartwell, Craig Davenport, Kate Hickey, Rosanna Robertson, Michelle Carr, Sam Akbari, Hannah Coyle, Megan O'Neill, Cameron Redpath, Caroline Roberts, Marjan Tabesh, Toni Withiel, Kapila Abeysuriya, Andrew Granger, Angela Abraham, Chermaine Chua, Dung Do Nguyen, Vathani Surendran, Melissa Daines, David Shivlal, Mudassar Latif, Noreen Mughal, Patricia Morgan, Martin Krause, Miriam Priglinger, Ehsan E. Shandiz, Susan Day, Lay Kho, Michael Pollack, Judith Dunne, Helen Baines, Merridie Rees, Jenni White, Aicuratiya Withanage, Candice Delcourt, Cheryl Carcel, Alejandra Malavera, Amy Kunchok, Elizabeth Ray, Elizabeth Pepper, Emily Duckett, Sally Ormond, Andrew Moey, Timothy Kleinig, Vanessa Maxwell, Chantal Baldwin, Wilson Vallat, Deborah Field, Romesh Markus, Kirsty Page, Danielle Wheelwright, Sam Bolitho, Steven Faux, Fix Sangvatanakul, Alexis Brown, Susan Walker, Jennifer Massey, Hillary Hayes, Pesi Katrak, Annie Winker, Alessandro Zagami, Alanah Bailey, Sarah Mccormack, Andrew Murray, Mark Rollason, Christopher Taylor, Fintan O'Rourke, Ye Min Kuang, Heike Burnet, Yvonne Liu, Aileen Wu, Diana Ramirez, Tissa Wijeratne, Sherisse Celestino, Essie Low, Cynthia Chen, Jennifer Bergqvist, Andrew Evans, Queenie Leung, Martin Jude, Rachael McQueen, Katherine Mohr, Latitia Kernaghan, Paul Stockle, Boon L. Tan, Sara Laubscher, Diana Schmid, Melissa Spooner, Bhavesh Lallu, Bronwen Pepperell, John Chalissery, Karim Mahawish, Susan DeCaigney, Paula Broughton, Karen Knight, Veronica Duque, Harry McNaughton, Jeremy Lanford, Vivian Fu, and Lai-Kin Wong
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Placebo-controlled study ,Placebo ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Modified Rankin Scale ,Fluoxetine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Stroke ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,B790 ,Recovery of Function ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Stroke recovery ,business ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background: Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population.Methods: AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921.Findings: Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [Interpretation: Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke.Funding: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.
- Published
- 2020
11. Urban Indigenous Youths' Engagement With Family and Community in Response to Critical Literacies Education (Poster 10)
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Alexis Brown
- Published
- 2022
12. Urban Indigenous Youths' Engagement With Family and Community in Response to Critical Literacies Education (Poster 10)
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Alexis Brown
- Published
- 2022
13. Long-term corrosion resistance of Cu-Al-Mn superelastic alloys and steel rebar for use in bridges
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Huanpeng Hong, Bora Gencturk, Susan Alexis Brown, Farshid Hosseini, Amit Jain, Hadi Aryan, Saiid Saiidi, Yoshikazu Araki, and Sumio Kise
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,General Materials Science ,Building and Construction ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Published
- 2022
14. Inquiring together: A pre-participation phase for a coteaching clinical practice model in teacher education
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Carol Rees, Colette Murphy, Rupinder Deol Kaur, and Alexis Brown
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Education - Published
- 2022
15. Being and performance in RuPaul's Drag Race
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Alexis Brown
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Cultural Studies ,Race (biology) ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Drag ,Gender studies ,Sociology - Published
- 2018
16. Maxilloturbinal Aids in Nasophonation in Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)
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Kunwar P. Bhatnagar, Abigail A. Curtis, Nancy B. Simmons, Alexis Brown, and Timothy D. Smith
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Histology ,Human echolocation ,Horseshoe bat ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phonation ,Chiroptera ,medicine ,Animals ,Rhinolophus lepidus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Horseshoe (symbol) ,Megaderma lyra ,biology ,Skull ,Megadermatidae ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Hipposideridae ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Echolocation ,Female ,Nasal Cavity ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Horseshoe bats (Family Rhinolophidae) show an impressive array of morphological traits associated with use of high duty cycle echolocation calls that they emit via their nostrils (nasophonation). Delicate maxilloturbinal bones inside the nasal fossa of horseshoe bats have a unique elongated strand-like shape unknown in other mammals. Maxilloturbinal strands also vary considerably in length and cross-sectional shape. In other mammals, maxilloturbinals help direct respired air and prevent respiratory heat and water loss. We investigated whether strand-shaped maxilloturbinals in horseshoe bats perform a similar function to those of other mammals, or whether they were shaped for a role in nasophonation. Using histology, we studied the mucosa of the nasal fossa in Rhinolophus lepidus, which we compared with Hipposideros lankadiva (Hipposideridae) and Megaderma lyra (Megadermatidae). Using micro-CT scans of 30 horseshoe bat species, we quantified maxilloturbinal surface area and skull shape within a phylogenetic context. Histological results showed horseshoe bat maxilloturbinals are covered in a thin, poorly vascularized, sparsely ciliated mucosa poorly suited for preventing respiratory heat and water loss. Maxilloturbinal surface area was correlated with basicranial width, but exceptionally long and dorsoventrally flat maxilloturbinals did not show enhanced surface area for heat and moisture exchange. Skull shape variation appears to be driven by structures linked to nasophonation, including maxilloturbinals. Resting echolocation call frequency better predicted skull shape than did skull size, and was specifically correlated with dimensions of the rostral inflations, palate, and maxilloturbinals. These traits appear to form a morphological complex, indicating a nasophonatory role for the strand-shaped rhinolophid maxilloturbinals. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
- Published
- 2018
17. LARGE-SCALE GENOME SAMPLING REVEALS UNIQUE IMMUNITY AND METABOLIC ADAPTATIONS IN BATS
- Author
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Diana Moreno Santillan, Tanya Lama, Yocelyn Gutiérrez Guerrero, Alexis Brown, Paul Donat, Huabin Zhao, Stephen Rossiter, Laurel Yohe, Joshua Potter, Emma Teeling, Sonja Vernes, Kalina Davies, Eugene Myers, Graham Hughes, Zixia Huang, Federico G. Hoffmann, Angelique Corthals, David Ray, and Liliana Davalos
- Abstract
Comprising more than 1400 species, bats possess adaptations unique among mammals including powered flight, unexpected longevity given small body size, and extraordinary immunity. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these unique adaptations includes DNA repair, metabolism and immunity. However, analyses have been limited to a few divergent lineages, reducing the scope of inferences on gene family evolution across the Order Chiroptera. We conducted an exhaustive comparative genomic study of 37 bat species encompassing a large number of lineages, with a particular emphasis on multi-gene family evolution across immune system and metabolic genes. In agreement with previous analyses, we found lineage-specific expansions of the APOBEC3 and MHC-I gene families, and loss of the proinflammatory PYHIN gene family. We inferred more than 1,000 gene losses unique to bats, including genes involved in the regulation of inflammasome pathways such as epithelial defense receptors, the natural killer gene complex and the interferon-gamma induced pathway. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed genes lost in bats are involved in defense response against pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. Gene family evolution and selection analyses indicate bats have evolved fundamental functional differences compared to other mammals in both innate and adaptive immune system, with the potential to enhance anti-viral immune response while dampening inflammatory signaling. In addition, metabolic genes have experienced repeated expansions related to convergent shifts to plant-based diets. Our analyses support the hypothesis that, in tandem with flight, ancestral bats had evolved a unique set of immune adaptations whose functional implications remain to be explored.
- Published
- 2021
18. Chemical Resistance of Cu-Al-Mn Superelastic Alloy Bars in Acidic and Alkaline Environments
- Author
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Farshid Hosseini, Sanjay Pareek, Sumio Kise, Bora Gencturk, Susan Alexis Brown, Fumiyoshi Yamashita, and Yoshikazu Araki
- Subjects
Chemical resistance ,Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,Metallurgy ,Alloy ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Building and Construction ,engineering.material ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Recently, single-crystal Cu-Al-Mn (CAM) superelastic alloy (SEA) bars have been developed to address the shortcomings of traditional Ni-Ti SEA bars, i.e., high cost, low workability, and la...
- Published
- 2021
19. Parasite species identity and local community diversity mediate effects of habitat fragmentation on bacterial microbiomes
- Author
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Carl W. Dick, Ana Delciellos, Melissa R. Ingala, Konstantinos Krampis, Elizabeth L. Clare, Spencer C. Galen, Susan L. Perkins, Katharina Dittmar, Alexis Brown, Nancy B. Simmons, Kelly A. Speer, Tiago Teixeira, Marcos Vieira, and Claudia Wultsch
- Subjects
Habitat fragmentation ,Taxon ,Habitat ,biology ,Obligate ,Ecology ,fungi ,Microbiome ,Species richness ,biology.organism_classification ,Streblidae ,Nycteribiidae - Abstract
Arthropod ectoparasites generally have nutrient-poor diets and are dependent on their bacterial symbionts for nutrient acquisition, development, and immune response initiation. As the body of research on parasite-microbiome interactions continues to grow, it is becoming more apparent that the parasite is not an island that physically and biologically constrains the microbiome. Suitable habitat fragment size, isolation, and distance from a source are important variables influencing community composition of plants and animals, but the role of the environment in determining composition and variation of host-associated microbial communities is poorly known. It is hypothesized that evolution and ecology of an arthropod parasite will influence its microbiome more than broader environmental factors, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested. To compare the relative influence of the broader environment to that of phylogenetic constraint on the microbiome, we applied high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA from 222 obligate ectoparasitic bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) collected from 155 bats (representing six species) from ten habitat fragments in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We find that parasite species identity is the strongest driver of microbiome composition. To a lesser extent, reduction in habitat fragment area is associated with a reduction in connectance of microbial interaction networks and an increase in modularity, but size-independent measures of network topology and bacterial taxon richness do not show an impact of the environment. Instead, habitat fragments that support more diverse bat and bat fly communities also support more connected bacterial interaction networks.
- Published
- 2020
20. Potential Years of Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in the United States, Italy, and Germany: An Old Formula with Newer Ideas
- Author
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Marinelle Payton, Alexis Brown, Nusrat Kabir, Kimberly N Ragland, Amal K. Mitra, and April Whitehead
- Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Pneumonia, Viral ,lcsh:Medicine ,Context (language use) ,Article ,Older population ,disease burden ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Life Expectancy ,Germany ,Pandemic ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mortality ,Pandemics ,Disease burden ,Mortality, Premature ,030503 health policy & services ,PYLL ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,United States ,New York State ,Premature death ,Geography ,Years of potential life lost ,Italy ,Life expectancy ,Health Services Research ,0305 other medical science ,Coronavirus Infections ,Demography - Abstract
Today, the world is facing the challenge of a major pandemic due to COVID-19, which has caused more than 6.1 million cases of infection and nearly 370,000 deaths so far. Most of the deaths from the disease are clustered in the older population, but the young and children are not spared. In this context, there is a critical need to revisit the formula for calculating potential years of life lost (PYLL). Data on age-specific deaths due to COVID-19 in three countries, including the United States (US), Italy, and Germany, were evaluated. New York State, as a significant outlier within the US, was also included. PYLLs in the US were five times as high as those of Italy. Compared with Germany, PYLLs in Italy were 4 times higher, and the rates in the US were 23, 25, and 18 times higher when using upper age limits of 70, 75, and 80, respectively. Standardized PYLLs in New York were 2 times as high as the rates in Italy, and 7 to 9 times as high as PYLLs in Germany. The revised formula of PYLL, using an upper limit of age 80, is recommended to accurately measure premature deaths due to a major disastrous disease such as COVID-19.
- Published
- 2020
21. Empowering Indigenous Learners through the Creation of Graphic Novels
- Author
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Alexis Brown and Deborah L. Begoray
- Subjects
Communication ,Teaching method ,05 social sciences ,Educational technology ,050301 education ,050109 social psychology ,Indigenous ,Education ,Comprehension ,Pedagogy ,Media literacy ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Health behavior ,Psychology ,0503 education - Published
- 2018
22. Ecological and evolutionary drivers of hemoplasma infection and bacterial genotype sharing in a Neotropical bat community
- Author
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Sonia Altizer, Raina K. Plowright, Kelly A. Speer, M. Brock Fenton, Alex D. Washburne, Nancy B. Simmons, Alexis Brown, Daniel J. Becker, Dmitriy V. Volokhov, Daniel G. Streicker, and Vladimir E. Chizhikov
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Genetic diversity ,Phylogenetic tree ,Transmission (medicine) ,Ecology ,Host (biology) ,Infection prevalence ,Mycoplasma ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genotype ,medicine ,Pathogen ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Most emerging pathogens can infect multiple species, underscoring the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that allow some hosts to harbor greater infection prevalence and share pathogens with other species. Investigating such factors can inform surveillance efforts and help forecast disease emergence. However, our understanding of pathogen jumps is primarily based around viruses, despite bacteria accounting for the greatest proportion of zoonoses. Because bacterial pathogens in bats (Order: Chiroptera) can have conservation and human health consequences, studies that examine the ecological and evolutionary drivers of bacterial prevalence and barriers to pathogen sharing are crucially needed. We here studied hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (i.e., hemoplasmas) across a species-rich bat community in Belize over two years. Across 469 bats spanning 33 species, half of individuals and two-thirds of species were hemoplasma positive. Infection prevalence was higher for males, heavier species, and those with larger colony sizes. Hemoplasmas displayed high genetic diversity (21 novel genotypes) and strong host specificity. Evolutionary patterns supported co-divergence of bats and bacterial genotypes alongside phylogenetically constrained host shifts. Bat species centrality to the network of shared hemoplasma genotypes was phylogenetically clustered and unrelated to prevalence, further suggesting rare—but detectable—bacterial sharing between species. Our study highlights the importance of using fine phylogenetic scales when assessing host specificity and suggests phylogenetic similarity may play a key role in host shifts for not only viruses but also bacteria. Such work more broadly contributes to increasing efforts to understand cross-species transmission and epidemiological consequences of bacterial pathogens.
- Published
- 2019
23. Ecological and evolutionary drivers of haemoplasma infection and bacterial genotype sharing in a Neotropical bat community
- Author
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Sonia Altizer, Alex D. Washburne, Nancy B. Simmons, Vladimir E. Chizhikov, Raina K. Plowright, M. Brock Fenton, Alexis Brown, Daniel J. Becker, Dmitriy V. Volokhov, Daniel G. Streicker, and Kelly A. Speer
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Genotype ,parasite sharing ,Ecological Interactions ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,cophylogeny ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mycoplasma ,Chiroptera ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,host specificity ,16S rRNA ,Pathogen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,Genetic diversity ,Phylogenetic tree ,Bacteria ,Ecology ,Transmission (medicine) ,Host (biology) ,bacterial zoonosis ,host shifts ,Belize ,030104 developmental biology ,Original Article ,ORIGINAL ARTICLES ,Host specificity - Abstract
Most emerging pathogens can infect multiple species, underlining the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that allow some hosts to harbour greater infection prevalence and share pathogens with other species. However, our understanding of pathogen jumps is based primarily around viruses, despite bacteria accounting for the greatest proportion of zoonoses. Because bacterial pathogens in bats (order Chiroptera) can have conservation and human health consequences, studies that examine the ecological and evolutionary drivers of bacterial prevalence and barriers to pathogen sharing are crucially needed. Here were studied haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (i.e., haemoplasmas) across a species‐rich bat community in Belize over two years. Across 469 bats spanning 33 species, half of individuals and two‐thirds of species were haemoplasma positive. Infection prevalence was higher for males and for species with larger body mass and colony sizes. Haemoplasmas displayed high genetic diversity (21 novel genotypes) and strong host specificity. Evolutionary patterns supported codivergence of bats and bacterial genotypes alongside phylogenetically constrained host shifts. Bat species centrality to the network of shared haemoplasma genotypes was phylogenetically clustered and unrelated to prevalence, further suggesting rare—but detectable—bacterial sharing between species. Our study highlights the importance of using fine phylogenetic scales when assessing host specificity and suggests phylogenetic similarity may play a key role in host shifts not only for viruses but also for bacteria. Such work more broadly contributes to increasing efforts to understand cross‐species transmission and the epidemiological consequences of bacterial pathogens.
- Published
- 2019
24. Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in swine and swine workplace environments on industrial and antibiotic-free hog operations in North Carolina, USA: A One Health pilot study
- Author
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Asher Wright, Sarah M. Rhodes, Haley Keller, Shanna Ludwig, Carly Ordak, David C. Love, Kenneth G. Sexton, Jill R. Stewart, Nora Pisanic, Ana M. Rule, Jesper Larsen, Kristoffer Spicer, Christopher D. Heaney, Alexis Brown, Sarah Blacklin, Maya Nadimpalli, Andrea Christ, Billy Flowers, and Meghan F. Davis
- Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ,0301 basic medicine ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Veterinary medicine ,Swine ,animal diseases ,030106 microbiology ,Indoor bioaerosol ,Antimicrobial susceptibility ,Pilot Projects ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antibiotic resistance ,Occupational Exposure ,North Carolina ,medicine ,Antibiotic free ,Animals ,Humans ,One Health ,Animal Husbandry ,Workplace ,General Environmental Science ,business.industry ,Staphylococcal Infections ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Carriage ,Livestock ,business - Abstract
Occupational exposure to swine has been associated with increased Staphylococcus aureus carriage, including antimicrobial-resistant strains, and increased risk of infections. To characterize animal and environmental routes of worker exposure, we optimized methods to identify S. aureus on operations that raise swine in confinement with antibiotics (industrial hog operation: IHO) versus on pasture without antibiotics (antibiotic-free hog operation: AFHO). We associated findings from tested swine and environmental samples with those from personal inhalable air samplers on worker surrogates at one IHO and three AFHOs in North Carolina using a new One Health approach. We determined swine S. aureus carriage status by collecting swab samples from multiple anatomical sites, and we determined environmental positivity for airborne bioaerosols with inhalable and impinger samplers and a single-stage impactor (ambient air) cross-sectionally. All samples were analyzed for S. aureus, and isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, absence of scn (livestock marker), and spa type. Seventeen of twenty (85%) swine sampled at the one IHO carried S. aureus at >1 anatomical sites compared to none of 30 (0%) swine sampled at the three AFHOs. All S. aureus isolates recovered from IHO swine and air samples were scn negative and spa type t337; almost all isolates (62/63) were multidrug resistant. S. aureus was recovered from eight of 14 (67%) ambient air and two (100%) worker surrogate personal air samples at the one IHO, whereas no S. aureus isolates were recovered from 19 ambient and six personal air samples at the three AFHOs. Personal worker surrogate inhalable sample findings were consistent with both swine and ambient air data, indicating the potential for workplace exposure. IHO swine and the one IHO environment could be a source of potential pathogen exposure to workers, as supported by the detection of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) with livestock-associated spa type t337 among swine, worker surrogate personal air samplers and environmental air samples at the one IHO but none of the three AFHOs sampled in this study. Concurrent sampling of swine, personal swine worker surrogate air, and ambient airborne dust demonstrated that IHO workers may be exposed through both direct (animal contact) and indirect (airborne) routes of transmission. Investigation of the effectiveness of contact and respiratory protections is warranted to prevent IHO worker exposure to multidrug-resistant livestock-associated S. aureus and other pathogens.
- Published
- 2018
25. Book Reviews
- Author
-
Matthew Gartner, Martin Fradley, Alexis Brown, Patricia Prieto-Blanco, and Antonio Lázaro-Reboll
- Published
- 2018
26. Disparities in the use of checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy: A systematic review
- Author
-
Francesca Gany, Jedd D. Wolchok, Kimberly Loo, Johanna Goldberg, Burha Rasool, Melissa Lopez, Caitlin A. Frankel, Adriana Espinosa, Devika R. Jutagir, Alexis Brown, and Taisha Gomez
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cancer immunotherapy ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Immune checkpoint inhibitors ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,CAR T-cell therapy ,business - Abstract
e18541 Background: With increasing numbers of newly approved cancer immunotherapy regimens, research is needed to understand whether these costly treatments are equally used by all patients who could benefit from them. The aim of this systematic review was to identify variables linked to whether patients diagnosed with cancer were treated with checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Methods: Using the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework, we conducted a systematic review searching Medline (New PubMed), Embase.com, and the Cochrane Library (Wiley) for papers published in English between January 1, 1997 and July 27, 2020. Inclusion criteria were: 1) primary, peer-reviewed research article; and 2) article reported variables associated with whether patients were treated with checkpoint inhibitors or CAR T-cell therapy. Seven coders independently reviewed titles, abstracts, full texts, and extracted data. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results: In total, 5958 titles and abstracts and 134 full texts were screened. Sixteen studies were included in final analyses. All were conducted in the United States using data from national databases (N = 15) or electronic medical records (N = 1). Eleven were cross-sectional, and 5 were cohort studies. Studies looked at melanoma (N = 10), non-small cell lung cancer (N = 3), renal cell carcinoma (N = 2), colorectal cancer (N = 1), prostate cancer (N = 1), and hepatobiliary cancer (N = 1). Studies looked at nivolumab (N = 1), pembrolizumab (N = 1), ipilimumab (N = 1), and sipuleucel-T, (N = 1), and 12 studies did not specify medication names. Treatment facility characteristics (N = 9), geographic location within the United States (N = 1), locale classification (N = 2), distance to treatment facility (N = 2), insurance type (N = 9), age (N = 7), race (N = 5), sex (N = 1), income (N = 4), neighborhood educational attainment (N = 2), comorbidities (N = 6), disease stage (N = 1), metastases (N = 3), clinical trial participation (N = 1), recency of diagnosis (N = 2), other treatments received (N = 3), and lesion characteristics (N = 1) were reported to be associated with whether patients were treated with checkpoint inhibitors or CAR T-cell therapy. Other studies found that insurance type (N = 1), race (N = 3), sex (N = 1), other treatments received (N = 1), and lesion characteristics (N = 1) were not associated with receiving checkpoint inhibitors or CAR T-cell therapy. Conclusions: Findings provide evidence of disparate access to checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy. More studies are necessary to thoroughly understand how the factors highlighted in our findings intersect to create and maintain disparities in cancer treatment. This level of information is necessary to create interventions that promote equitable access to novel cancer immunotherapies.
- Published
- 2021
27. Chapter 5. The post-nostalgia film
- Author
-
Alexis Brown
- Subjects
location.dated_location ,location ,West Yorkshire ,History ,Art history - Published
- 2018
28. OUP accepted manuscript
- Author
-
Alexis Brown
- Subjects
History ,Hollywood ,Psychoanalysis ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0507 social and economic geography ,Fidelity ,Art history ,06 humanities and the arts ,Patience ,Art ,060202 literary studies ,050701 cultural studies ,Gee ,History and Philosophy of Science ,0602 languages and literature ,media_common - Published
- 2018
29. Validity of a protocol to estimate patients' pre-morbid basal blood pressure
- Author
-
Brendan Sullohern, Emily Shiel, Rakshit Panwar, Catherine Alexis Brown, and Anthony W. Quail
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Blood Pressure ,Blood Pressure Determination ,General Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Middle Aged ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood pressure ,Basal (medicine) ,Internal medicine ,Critical illness ,Hypertension ,Internal Medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
The pre-illness basal mean arterial BP (MAP) is an important reference point to gauge the degree of relative hypotension among unwell patients. We aimed to assess mean bias, correlation, and agreement between basal MAP measured during nighttime ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and basal MAP estimated using a standardized protocol.For a cohort of 137 consecutive patients, aged ≥40 years, who recently underwent ABPM, a blinded investigator estimated basal MAP from up to five most recent clinic BP measurements. Both basal MAP values, measured and estimated, were compared pairwise for each participant.We traced a median of 4 [interquartile range 3-5] previous BP measurements per patient over a median period of 132 [interquartile range 55-277] days up until the ABPM test. The estimated basal MAP (mean 88 ± 8 mmHg) was linearly related (Pearson's r = 0.41, p = 0.0001) to the measured basal MAP (mean 88 ± 12 mmHg). Bland-Altman plot revealed a mean bias of 0.3 mmHg with agreement limits of ±22 mmHg.The mean bias between estimated and measured values for basal MAP was insignificant and modest. When a recent nighttime ABPM is unavailable, a protocol based on recent clinic BP readings can be used to estimate patient's basal MAP.Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613001382763.
- Published
- 2017
30. Using a Graphic Novel Project to Engage Indigenous Youth in Critical Literacies
- Author
-
Alexis Brown and Deborah Begoray
- Subjects
critical literacies ,lcsh:Language and Literature ,060201 languages & linguistics ,indigenous adolescents ,05 social sciences ,Social change ,Equity (finance) ,graphic novels ,050301 education ,06 humanities and the arts ,lcsh:LB5-3640 ,Indigenous ,Power (social and political) ,Multimodal learning ,lcsh:Theory and practice of education ,Critical literacy ,0602 languages and literature ,Pedagogy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,lcsh:P ,Civic engagement ,Sociology ,0503 education ,Period (music) - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the experiences of Indigenous youth when a critical literacies/Indigenous knowledges (IK) approach was used in a graphic novel creation project. We conducted research over a six-week period in two alternative high schools in British Columbia. In this paper, we look primarily at research findings from the Indigenous program. We analyzed classroom observations, the graphic novels, and transcripts of semi-structured interviews according to four principles of critical literacy: understanding power, control, and equity of information; collaboration using multiple perspectives; authentic and multimodal learning; and enacting social change and civic engagement.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. An Apple a Day Keeps Shareholder Suits at Bay: An Examination of a Corporate Officer’s Legal Duty to Disclose Health Problems to Shareholders
- Author
-
Alexis Brown Stokes
- Abstract
This Article examines both constitutional and practical problems with proposed regulation to require corporate officers to disclose health problems to shareholders. In doing so, the Article addresses the following questions, which are especially timely given the recent controversy surrounding Apple CEO Steve Jobs: To what extent should officers of public companies be required to disclose personal health problems to shareholders? Does a timely failure to disclose such information constitute securities fraud if the stock price is adversely affected once the information becomes public? Can shareholders' rights to accurate information relevant to a company's likely future performance trump an officer's right to privacy? To what extent do the answers to these questions depend on how closely the officer's identity is aligned with his/ her brand, i.e., how "iconic" the officer is perceived to be? Are these issues for regulators to address ex ante or the courts to handle ex post? And in either case, can an objective rights-balancing framework be developed?
- Published
- 2011
32. Spatial and temporal variation in indicator microbe sampling is influential in beach management decisions
- Author
-
Lora E. Fleming, Brian K. Haus, Amber A. Enns, Michael E. Schoor, Norma C. Salazar, Sumbul Q. Khan, Yifan Zhang, Maribeth L. Gidley, Alan M. Piggot, Nasly H. Jimenez, Noha Abdel-Mottaleb, Amir M. Abdelzaher, Helena M. Solo-Gabriele, Alexis Brown, Laura J. Vogel, Lisa R. W. Plano, Ad Reniers, Adrienne S. Dameron, Zhixuan Feng, James S. Klaus, Samir M. Elmir, and Matthew C. Phillips
- Subjects
Geologic Sediments ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Environmental Engineering ,Time Factors ,Rain ,Intertidal zone ,Population density ,Bathing Beaches ,Article ,Waterline ,symbols.namesake ,Species Specificity ,Water Movements ,Seawater ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Hydrology ,Population Density ,biology ,Ecology ,Ecological Modeling ,Sediment ,Sampling (statistics) ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Enterococcus ,symbols ,Public Health Practice ,Environmental science ,Spatial variability ,Sample collection - Abstract
Fecal indicator microbes, such as enterococci, are often used to assess potential health risks caused by pathogens at recreational beaches. Microbe levels often vary based on collection time and sampling location. The primary goal of this study was to assess how spatial and temporal variations in sample collection, which are driven by environmental parameters, impact enterococci measurements and beach management decisions. A secondary goal was to assess whether enterococci levels can be predictive of the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, a skin pathogen. Over a ten-day period, hydrometeorologic data, hydrodynamic data, bather densities, enterococci levels, and S. aureus levels including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were measured in both water and sand. Samples were collected hourly for both water and sediment at knee-depth, and every 6 h for water at waist-depth, supratidal sand, intertidal sand, and waterline sand. Results showed that solar radiation, tides, and rainfall events were major environmental factors that impacted enterococci levels. S. aureus levels were associated with bathing load, but did not correlate with enterococci levels or any other measured parameters. The results imply that frequencies of advisories depend heavily upon sample collection policies due to spatial and temporal variation of enterococci levels in response to environmental parameters. Thus, sampling at different times of the day and at different depths can significantly impact beach management decisions. Additionally, the lack of correlation between S. aureus and enterococci suggests that use of fecal indicators may not accurately assess risk for some pathogens.
- Published
- 2011
33. OX40 agonist therapy enhances CD8 infiltration and decreases immune suppression in the tumor
- Author
-
Alexis Brown, Birat Dhungel, Andrew D. Weinberg, Michael J. Gough, William L. Redmond, and Carl E. Ruby
- Subjects
Agonist ,Cancer Research ,medicine.drug_class ,CD8 Antigens ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Priming (immunology) ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Mammary Neoplasms, Animal ,OX40 Ligand ,Biology ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Antibodies ,Mice ,Immune system ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Immune Tolerance ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Animals ,CD134 ,IL-2 receptor ,Mice, Knockout ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Macrophages ,Carcinoma ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ,Oncology ,Immunology ,Tumor Necrosis Factors ,Systemic administration ,Cancer research ,Tumor Escape ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,CD8 - Abstract
Acquisition of full T-cell effector function and memory differentiation requires appropriate costimulatory signals, including ligation of the costimulatory molecule OX40 (TNFRSF4, CD134). Tumors often grow despite the presence of tumor-specific T cells and establish an environment with weak costimulation and immune suppression. Administration of OX40 agonists has been shown to significantly increase the survival of tumor-bearing mice and was dependent on the presence of both CD4 and CD8 T cells during tumor-specific priming. To understand how OX40 agonists work in mice with established tumors, we developed a model to study changes in immune cell populations within the tumor environment. We show here that systemic administration of OX40 agonist antibodies increased the proportion of CD8 T cells at the tumor site in three different tumor models. The function of the CD8 T cells at the tumor site was also increased by administration of OX40 agonist antibody, and we observed an increase in the proportion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells within the tumor. Despite decreases in the proportion of T regulatory cells at the tumor site, T regulatory cell function in the spleen was unaffected by OX40 agonist antibody therapy. Interestingly, administration of OX40 agonist antibody caused significant changes in the tumor stroma, including decreased macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and decreased expression of transforming growth factor-β. Thus, therapies targeting OX40 dramatically changed the tumor environment by enhancing the infiltration and function of CD8 T cells combined with diminished suppressive influences within the tumor. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5206–15]
- Published
- 2008
34. Velazquez, Goya, the Dehumanization of Art and Other Essays
- Author
-
Mercedes Molleda, Jose Ortega y Gassett, and Alexis Brown
- Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art history ,Art ,Religious studies ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Dehumanization ,Music ,Computer Science Applications ,media_common - Published
- 1974
35. Art of the Ancient near and Middle East
- Author
-
Roy O. Burke, Carel J. Du Ry, and Alexis Brown
- Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Education - Published
- 1971
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