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MSMEs have been forced to innovate their sales processes, venturing ever more vehemently into the digital world, especially in social networks. The global lockdown due to a pandemic accelerated what had seemed uncontrollable before, digital marketing grew rapidly in the face of the large number of companies that had to close their physical businesses. Those that already had websites or managed social networks had a certain competitive advantage if they had a certain virtual positioning, it helped them to continue operating by implementing home deliveries. This article aims to identify the process of a digital business plan that allows selecting the sales and communication channel through technological dissemination tools to position and, consequently, sell products/services. The methodology used was mixed cross-sectional and descriptive. Results were obtained that allowed the identification of various effective steps for MSMEs in the sales channel, according to the accumulation of recent experiences with those who have practiced digital marketing. The foregoing allowed the construction of a process with intentions of favorable impact on market competitiveness, as well as scientific recovery for the insertion of social networks as an effective means for positioning companies and brands, specifically for MSMEs..

Los cultivos en el estado de Campeche se están intensificando, esto ocasiona transformaciones en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas del suelo. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de los agroecosistemas sobre la macrofauna edáfica y las propiedades del suelo. Se tomaron 10 puntos de muestreo por agroecosistema, con tres repeticiones cada. Los sitios se escogieron de acuerdo con el uso agropecuarios (pastizal, monte, agrícola intensivo y tradicional) y tiempo de uso (≥8 años). Se tomó 1 kg de cada muestra a 20 cm de profundidad, colocadas posteriormente en bolsas de polietileno. Se determinó pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica, fósforo disponible, nitrógeno total y macrofauna edáfica. Con los datos de cada variable se realizó un análisis de varianza y para determinar las diferencias entre usos de suelo y sitios, se efectuó una prueba de medias según el estadístico de Tukey (p≤ 0.05), mediante el software Statistica versión 7.1. El agroecosistema Pastizal de Palizada presentó las mejores características en los suelos, con pH de 7.29, P, MO, N de 1.31 mg kg-1, 5.05% y 0.31%, respectivamente y fauna edáfica con 66 individuos. El agroecosistema con menor calidad en el suelo fue cultivos intensivos de Hopelchén, con pH moderadamente ácidos (6.44), mayor cantidad de P (33.42 mg kg-1), menor MO (2.59%) y contenidos elevados de N (0.23%) y sin macrofauna edáfica. El manejo del suelo en los agroecosistemas agrícolas no favorece la presencia de macrofauna edáfica ni mantiene los nutrientes necesarios para el buen funcionamiento y calidad de suelo.

The effect of adding inulin to balanced diets for tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae on growth, survival, digestive enzyme activity, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The diets were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% inulin in addition to a control diet (0% inulin). A total of 1800 larvae of A. tropicus distributed in 18 tanks were used; the larvae were fed five times a day (8:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, and 18:00) with Artemia nauplii from the absorption of the yolk (from 3–7 days after hatching, DAH) up to 10 DAH, which was mixed with the experimental feeds from 8–11 DAH (co-feeding) and exclusively with the balanced diets from 12 DAH to 21 DAH. Larvae fed the control diet (0% inulin) had the highest growth in weight and length, followed by fish fed the 2.5 and 2.0% inulin inclusions. However, survival showed that the fish fed with the inclusion of 2.5% inulin had the highest percentage (34.7%) compared to the rest of the treatments. On the other hand, the highest digestive enzymatic activities (acid and alkaline proteases, amylase, and lipase) were recorded in the larvae fed with 2 and 2.5% inulin. Likewise, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher in larvae fed the control diet with 0% inulin. Supplementation of 2.0% to 2.5% inulin in the diet is recommended for A. tropicus larvae as it improves survival and digestive enzyme activity during this early stage of life.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to analyze the life cycle of family-owned hotels in the maturity phase from the integration of theoretical models for family-owned tourism businesses.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative multiple case study was used to analyze four mature family-owned hotels through eight interviews and four observation guides with an abductive method. Three axes were analyzed; the ownership with the Gersick model, the family with the Tobak and Nábradí model and the business with the Butler tourist areas model to identify whether they are going through the consolidation stage, stagnation, rejuvenation or decline within its maturity.FindingsThe cases studied evolve in the three axes. In the business axes, two go through the stagnation stage, another in decline and the last in consolidation; all remain under controlling owners. In the family, there are different generations in charge. The boost to the destination plays a key role as a force for deterministic change in the internal transformation of these organizations, and to remain in consolidation, discontinuous changes and voluntaristic actions are necessary.Originality/valueFamily businesses seek longevity, although a low percentage reaches maturity. This research proposes the integration of life cycle models to understand its development in the axes of family, ownership and business, where aspects of the tourism industry are considered and allow the stage identification through which it passes in maturity, supporting internal decision making.

Trees play an important role in livestock grazing lands, but the effect of tree shade on grass productivity has not been studied widely. In this study, we evaluated the effect of tree shade on grass yield in pasturelands with dispersed trees in the humid tropics of Mexico. We sampled two livestock grazing systems: 1) scattered native trees in paddocks composed of Cordia alliodora and Cedrela odorata trees with Brachiaria brizantha cv. ‘Xaraes’ grass; and 2) scattered trees in paddocks composed of C. alliodora, C. odorata, and Guazuma ulmifolia, with B. brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’ grass. We established isolation cages at different distances from trees: 1) under the tree canopy, 2) on the border of the tree canopy, and 3) out of reach of the tree canopy, to measure grass yield, grass height, dry matter content, and senescent biomass from April to September. The effect of tree shade on grass yield was significant, with the highest grass production under the tree canopy compared with grasses that grew on the border of the tree canopy and in full sun. We found the highest forage yield in June for B. brizantha cv. Xaraes and the lowest yield in September for the same grass. During July and August, B. brizantha cv. Xaraes yielded the greatest average height, with the lowest values during April and May for B. brizantha cv. Marandu. The greatest dry matter content was recorded in September for B. brizantha cv. Xaraes. Additionally, the most senescent mass was recorded in June and the lowest in April for the same grass. Native trees that persist in grasslands positively influence forage yield during the dry season. Increasing the productivity of the grasslands by agroforestry practices may represent a valuable alternative to mitigate the negative effects of deforestation caused by extensive livestock farming.

El punto 3 del artículo 108 de la Ley 29/1998 Reguladora de la Jurisdicción Contencioso-Administrativa introducido por la Ley Orgánica 7/2015 vigente desde el 1 de octubre de ese mismo año, ha generado desde su entrada en vigor y en mi opinión seguirá generando problemas de aplicación práctica. El presente trabajo realiza un estudio de las Sentencias del Tribunal Supremo existentes hasta el momento completando dicho análisis con la doctrina que apoya o disiente sobre la efectividad de la medida legislativa que pretende, que antes de proceder a la demolición de un inmueble se presten las suficientes garantías para responder al pago de las indemnizaciones debidas a los terceros de buena fe. Situación que choca frontalmente con el derecho a la ejecución de sentencias en sus propios términos como cuestión incluida dentro del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva del artículo 24 de la Constitución Española. Se intenta dar una respuesta apropiada a diferentes cuestiones de señalada importancia que podrán servir de nivelador entre la finalidad garantista que pretende y la ejecutividad de las resoluciones judiciales.

Background: The study aimed to identify 2 beta-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase (BCMO1) mutations, namely R267S and A379V, and determine their association with vitamin A status among Filipinos 6 to 19 years old respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey living in the National Capital Region. Materials and Methods: This study followed cross-sectional design. Whole blood specimen was collected in the morning and was used as source of genomic DNA and serum for retinol concentration determination. Fisher exact test was performed to determine whether genotype frequencies were associated to retinol concentrations/vitamin A deficiency status. A level of P < .05 was identified as significant. Results: A total of 693 Filipino children and adolescents were included. Of the 693, there were at least 7.6% who bear the combined mutations for R267S + A379V. Association analysis showed that an inverse relationship exists between the A379V TT variant and vitamin A status, although the exact role of these identified polymorphisms on retinol/carotenoid metabolism need to be confirmed in dedicated functional studies. Conclusion: This study has identified for the first time the presence of 2 nonsynonymous genetic variants/mutations in the coding region of BCMO1 gene. Interestingly, one of these 2 variants, the A379V T, was found to be associated with vitamin A status. It is, therefore, warranted to investigate the role of BCMO1 variants for the success of supplementation programs and fortification efforts among vulnerable populations in this region. Genetic variability should be considered for future provitamin A supplementation recommendations among children and adolescents in the Philippines.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el contenido de metales pesados en el ostión Crassostrea virginica proveniente de la Laguna Machona, Tabasco, analizadas por cuadriplicado por Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica. Debido a que la laguna Machona se localiza en un área donde se encuentran factores que provocan contaminación: actividad petrolera, azucarera, ganadera, agrícola, descargas domésticas, resulta necesario conocer las concentraciones de metales pesados que son causantes de diversos problemas no solo para la salud sino también en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Para ello, se evaluaron las concentraciones de Cobre (Cu), Cromo (Cr), Zinc (Zn) y Plomo (Pb) durante un período de un año. Para los tres bancos analizados, los metales que presentaron las mayores concentraciones promedio fueron el Cobre y el Zinc: para Don Hermelindo el Cu (214.61 µg g-1) y Zn (423.96 µg g-1), para Los Jiménez, Cu (150.57 µg g-1) y el Zn (471.64 µg g-1), mientras que para Shishal se registraron valores de Cu de 97.06 µg g-1 y los de Zinc de 260.98 µg g-1. Con respecto al contenido de Plomo en los tres bancos muestreados, el mayor valor promedio se registró en el banco Los Jiménez con 7.24 µg g-1; por su parte el Cromo, presentó la mayor concentración (11.14 µg g-1) en el banco Don Hermelindo. El contenido de Cromo en los tres bancos ostrícolas, fue Don Hermelindo Los Jiménez Shishal. El contenido de Plomo fue superior a los límites permisibles (NOM-001-ECOL-1996 y NOM-027-SSA1-1993).

En este artículo tratamos, en primer lugar, del vínculo entre la enseñanza de la Filosofía en secundaria y la competencia ciudadana en el ámbito de la nueva ley orgánica de educación (LOMLOE) y, a partir de la reflexión sobre dicho vínculo, de la naturaleza y relevancia de las competencias específicas de las distintas materias filosóficas (la Educación en Valores Cívicos y Éticos, la Filosofía y la Historia de la Filosofía) en el nuevo currículo LOMLOE.

The spread of antibiotic resistance among human and animal pathogens is one of the more significant public health concerns. Moreover, the restrictions on the use of particular antibiotics can limit the options for the treatment of infections in veterinary clinical practice. In this context, searching for alternative antimicrobial substances is crucial nowadays. In this study, 4,4'-dihydroxy-azobenzene (DHAB) was tested for its potential in vitro as an antimicrobial agent against two relevant human and animal pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The values of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 64 and 32 mg/L respectively, and they comparable to other azo compounds of probed antimicrobial activity. In addition, the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MCB) were 256 and 64 mg/L. The mechanism by which DHAB produces toxicity in staphylococci has been investigated. DHAB caused membrane damage as revealed by the increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) such as malondialdehyde. Furthermore, differential induction of the enzymes peroxidases and superoxide dismutase in S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius suggested their prevalent role in ROS-scavenging due to the oxidative burst induced by this compound in either species. In addition, this substance was able to inhibit the formation of biofilms by both bacteria as observed by colorimetric tests and scanning electron microscopy. In order to assess the relevance of DHAB against clinical strains of MRSA, 10 clinical isolates resistant to either methicillin or daptomycin were assayed; 80% of them gave values of CMI and CMB similar to those of the control S. aureus strain. Finally, cutaneous plasters containing a composite formed by an agar base supplemented with DHAB were designed. These plasters were able to inhibit in vitro the growth of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, particularly the later, and this suggests that this substance could be a promising candidate as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of animal skin infections, as it has been proven that the toxicity of this substance is very low particularly at a dermal level., This study was financed by Project PID2019-109371GB-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain), Project FEDER US-1380878 (Junta de Andalucía), Ayudas PAIDI BIO-181/2019/2021, and VII Plan Propio de Investigación Universidad de Sevilla.

OBJETIVO: Realizar un diagnóstico sobre cómo se desarrolla la comunicación asertiva, para mejorar el clima laboral y eficientar los procesos dentro de las organizaciones públicas MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Esta investigación es descriptiva, con un enfoque: cualitativo, tomando en consideración las variables del clima laboral. Los datos obtenidos, se llevaron a cabo por medio de la aplicación de encuestas, las cuales se analizaron de acuerdo a las respuestas proporcionadas por la población. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo como resultado que una parte de los encuestados dijo que sí se da la comunicación y otra parte mencionó que no se siente satisfecho, ni motivado, reconocido y que el clima laboral no es tan agradable. CONCLUSIONES: El clima laboral en las organizaciones es base fundamental para el desempeño de las personas, que se sientan confiadas, valoradas, motivadas, reconocidas, todo esto se verá reflejado en la producción de su organización, en el caso de las instituciones públicas o gubernamentales lo sentirán los usuarios o beneficiarios de los derechos fundamentales.

Server virtualization is a technological innovation widely used in information technology (IT) companies. Virtualization provides a platform to run different operating system services in the cloud. It makes it easy to build multiple virtual machines on a single basic physical machine, either in the form of hypervisors or containers. To host many microservices applications, emerging technology has introduced a model consisting of different operations performed by smaller individual deployed services. Therefore, the demand for low-cost virtualization techniques is developing rapidly. There are many lightweight virtualization technologies; Docker is one of them, which is an open-source platform. This technology enables developers and system administrators to build, create, and run applications using the Docker engine. This document provides performance evaluation of Docker containers and virtual machines using standard benchmark tools such as Sysbench, Phoronix, and Apache, including CPU performance, memory performance, storage read/write performance, load test and measurement of operating speed.

We describe a subaortic left brachiocephalic vein, a congenital anomaly that can be suspected during the rapid central vein assessment before central venous catheterization. Since the vein descends vertically/obliquely rapidly from its origin, we suggest that the puncture should be made at a greater angle (50°–60°) than what is usually used to puncture this vein (20°–30°). Failure to identify this anomaly may cause a failed puncture or complications from the puncture of adjacent blood vessels.

The Tourism Area Life Cycle model is in itself one of the most used tools to analyze tourist competitiveness. In order to solve the problem of the lack of a comprehensive tourism strategy in the city of San Miguel de Allende that can comply with sustainable development, this research establishes its objective in the documentary analysis of the evolution of the tourism indicators that it has presented in destination for its analysis and comparison with the model of the Tourism Area Life Cycle model, identifying in the corresponding stage and thereby establishing relevant tourism planning strategies. The document was developed with a descriptive quantitative approach that used documentary review and analysis techniques of various tourist indicators of the destination. In conclusion, it is highlighted that the city of San Miguel de Allende has individual indicators in various stages of the life cycle: Development, Consolidation, and Decline; globally, it has been in the Stagnation stage since 2015 with prominent features of Decline and Rejuvenation. This results in an obvious need to define sustainable tourism management strategies to boost the destination's competitiveness effectively.

This paper describes the automation of processes tutorials based on a feasibility study on the HEIs, just as agile SCRUM methodologies are implemented in the construction of Acerkte system that will strengthen the support of the student during his tutorial session, as well as manage and manage activities to optimize time and resources in the school, tutor-tutored for it, the web system is made up of 10 well defined in the Sprint Backlog and assigned priorities Sprints. For agile methodology which will allow deliveries to functional and developed with cutting-edge technologies applied to development as PHP 5.5 [6] [7], HTML 5, CSS3, jQuery Mobile, Phonegap, Corel Draw, Arrowchat, Bootstrap, Senchatouch.

Adolescence is a period during which body composition changes deeply. Selenium (Se) is an excellent antioxidant trace element related to cell growth and endocrine function. In adolescent rats, low Se supplementation affects adipocyte development differently depending on its form of administration (selenite or Se nanoparticles (SeNPs). Despite this effect being related to oxidative, insulin-signaling and autophagy processes, the whole mechanism is not elucidated. The microbiota–liver–bile salts secretion axis is related to lipid homeostasis and adipose tissue development. Therefore, the colonic microbiota and total bile salts homeostasis were explored in four experimental groups of male adolescent rats: control, low-sodium selenite supplementation, low SeNP supplementation and moderate SeNPs supplementation. SeNPs were obtained by reducing Se tetrachloride in the presence of ascorbic acid. Supplementation was received orally through water intake; low-Se rats received twice more Se than control animals and moderate-Se rats tenfold more. Supplementation with low doses of Se clearly affected anaerobic colonic microbiota profile and bile salts homeostasis. However, these effects were different depending on the Se administration form. Selenite supplementation primarily affected liver by decreasing farnesoid X receptor hepatic function, leading to the accumulation of hepatic bile salts together to increase in the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. In contrast, low SeNP levels mainly affected microbiota, moving them towards a more prominent Gram-negative profile in which the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae was clearly enhanced and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased. This bacterial profile is directly related to lower adipose tissue mass. Moreover, low SeNP administration did not modify bile salts pool in serum circulation. In addition, specific gut microbiota was regulated upon administration of low levels of Se in the forms of selenite or SeNPs, which are properly discussed. On its side, moderate-SeNPs administration led to great dysbiosis and enhanced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, being considered toxic. These results strongly correlate with the deep change in adipose mass previously found in these animals, indicating that the microbiota–liver–bile salts axis is also mechanistically involved in these changes.

Adolescence is a period of intense growth and endocrine changes, and obesity and insulinresistance processes during this period have lately been rising. Selenium (Se) homeostasis is related to lipid metabolism depending on the form and dose of Se. This study tests the actions of low-dose selenite and Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) on white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) deposition, insulin secretion, and GPx1, IRS-1 and FOXO3a expression in the WAT of adolescent rats as regards oxidative stress, adipocyte length and adipokine secretion. Four groups of male adolescent rats were treated: control (C), low selenite supplementation (S), low SeNP supplementation (NS) and moderate SeNP supplementation (NSS). Supplementation was received orally through water intake; NS and NSS rats received two- and tenfold more Se than C animals, respectively. SeNPs were obtained by reducing Se tetrachloride in the presence of ascorbic acid. For the first time in vivo, it was demonstrated that low selenite supplementation contributed to increased adipogenesis via the insulin signaling pathway and LCN2 modulation, while low SeNP administration prevented fat depots inWAT via the decrease in insulin signaling and FOXO3a autophagy inWAT, lowering inflammation. These effects were independent of GPx1 expression or activity in WAT. These findings provide data for dietary approaches to prevent obesity and/or anorexia during adolescence. These findings may be relevant to future studies looking at a nutritional approach aimed at pre-venting obesity and/or anorexia in adolescence., Junta de Andalucia, FEDER projects funds US-1380878, Spanish Government PID2019-109371GB-I00, VII Plan Propio de Investigacion y Transferencia-University of Seville 2022 2022/00000332 2022/00000277

Despite the increasing progress achieved in the last 20 years in both the fabrication of porous dental implants and the development of new biopolymers for targeting drug therapy, there are important issues such as bone resorption, poor osseointegration, and bacterial infections that remain as critical challenges to avoid clinical failure problems. In this work, we present a novel microtechnology based on polycaprolactone microspheres that can adhere to porous titanium implant models obtained by the spacer holder technique to allow a custom biomechanical and biofunctional balance. For this purpose, a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was successfully employed for the fabrication of the microparticles properly loaded with the antibacterial therapeutic agent, rose bengal. The resulting microspheres were infiltrated into porous titanium substrate and sintered at 60 °C for 1 h, obtaining a convenient prophylactic network. In fact, the sintered polymeric microparticles were demonstrated to be key to controlling the drug dissolution rate and favoring the early healing process as consequence of a better wettability of the porous titanium substrate to promote calcium phosphate nucleation. Thus, this joint technology proposes a suitable prophylactic tool to prevent both early-stage infection and late-stage osseointegration problems.

Resumen El presente capítulo los autores discernimos sobre la intricada relación en la que se desenvuelven las empresas cooperativas mexicanas, en el ámbito del turismo de naturaleza, en sus modalidades: ecoturismo, rural y de aventura. Entre las principales dificultades a las que se enfrentan, se puede mencionar el contexto y modelo económico en el cual se desenvuelven, (sistema que privilegia el libre mercado, la competencia, y el sostén a la empresa privada). Si bien es cierto que hay políticas y leyes que disponen apoyo al cooperativismo, estas empresas se han considerado como formas de asistencia a las comunidades rurales y grupos vulnerables. Dicha situación les permite participar dentro de esta modalidad para obtener fondos para realizar sus emprendimientos, sin embargo, se ha detectado que debido a la falta de experiencia de los socios; tanto en el cooperativismo, la gestión de la empresa y el establecimiento de relaciones con otros sectores; muchas de ellas colapsan ante las circunstancias y dinámicas de la sociedad. El objetivo del trabajo aquí plasmado es teorizar precisamente, cómo se entrelazan los factores del sistema social, turístico, económico para favorecer el desarrollo turístico sustentable a la luz del enfoque sistémico. Abstract: The authors discern about the intricate relationship in which Mexican cooperative companies operate, in the field of nature tourism, in its modalities: ecotourism, rural and adventure. Among the main difficulties they face, we can mention the context and economic model in which they operate, (a system that privileges the free market, competition, and support for private companies).

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un sistema de información para administrar y automatizar el seguimiento de proyectos de investigación en el Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Comalcalco (ITSC). Se aplicó una metodología de tipo mixta, que se caracteriza por su enfoque interdisciplinario. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la realización de una entrevista virtual a cada uno de los involucrados en el proceso de investigación del ITSC. La muestra total fue de 30 investigadores. La aportación de este proyecto es la automatización del proceso de registros y seguimiento de los proyectos de investigación de los profesores investigadores del ITSC. Para el desarrollo del software se atendieron las necesidades básicas de gestión de proyectos (generación de reportes por periodos, registro y exportación en formato CSV o PDF e incluso mandar a imprimir, así como el protocolo de los proyectos de investigación en ejecución y el desarrollo de la hoja de vida, gracias a lo cual se podrá medir el desempeño de los investigadores). Se trata de una herramienta importante que contribuye a reducir el tiempo de búsqueda de documentación, el consumo de papeles, facilitar el seguimiento, búsqueda y almacenamiento de los proyectos, así como conocer en tiempo real el estatus de los proyectos de investigación que están desarrollando los profesores.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of knowledge of family businesses in tourism through a systematic review of international academic literature with an emphasis on Latin America.,The paper opted for a systematic review involving analyzing international academic documents, articles, dissertations and papers that presented both theoretical and empirical research results. The search was conducted from January to April 2019 on online databases and search engines.,Studies are concentrated in strategic planning and competitiveness. Most of them are published since 2014 by Ibero-American countries. Some features are coincident among the varied geographical contexts, as the importance of generational succession planning; search for family welfare throughout the business; and the existence of own capacities and resources. Besides, the owner's objectives and gender involvement differ in the research results of developed countries and emerging economies; some implications for Latin America are analyzed.,The family business has international economic relevance, especially in tourism. Still, the studies in this field are few, even when tourism implies processes and interactions that can influence the development of the companies that integrate their industry. In this way, a compilation of the recent works is carried out, in order to identify how the complex family dynamics with tourism are integrated into the studies, main contributions to the field and knowledge gaps.,Analizar el estado actual del conocimiento de la empresa familiar en el turismo a traves de una revision sistematica de literatura academica internacional con enfasis en Latinoamerica.,El documento sigue una revision sistematica de articulos academicos, disertaciones y capitulos internacionales, que presentan resultados de investigacion tanto teoricos como empiricos. La busqueda fue realizada de Enero a Abril de 2019 en bases de datos en linea y motores de busqueda.,Los estudios se concentran en la planificacion estrategica y competitividad. La mayoria de ellos son publicados desde 2014 por paises Iberoamericanos. Algunos aspectos son coincidentes entre los variados contextos geograficos, como la importancia de la planificacion de sucesion generacional; busqueda del bienestar familiar a traves del negocio; y existencia de capacidades propias. Por otra parte, los objetivos del propietario y el involucramiento de genero difieren en los resultados de investigaciones de paises desarrollados y economias emergentes; algunas implicaciones para America Latina son analizadas.,La empresa familiar tiene relevancia economica internacional, especialmente en el turismo. Aun asi, los estudios en este campo son pocos, incluso cuando el turismo implica procesos e interacciones que puede influenciar el desarrollo de las companias que integran su industria. En este sentido, se llevo a cabo una compilacion de trabajos recientes, con la finalidad de identificar como se ha integrado a los estudios la complejidad de la dinamica familiar con el turismo, las principales contribuciones y vacios de conocimiento.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Mexico, are an essential part of the country's economy, accounting for 99.7% of the 5.14 million economic units in the country, contributing to the creation of many jobs, 95 % of economic units has 10 people working in a small business (INEGI, 2010). So it is necessary to strengthen its management to improve and / or achieve competitive success, management where leadership plays a key to understand and implement strategies that improve business competitiveness paper. The aim of this paper is to analyze the situation of manufacturing SMEs in the region Chontalpa, Tabasco, to determine in a second step, the competitive strengths and the main difficulties for its development, allowing develop proposals for action that contribute to their competitiveness. The results indicate that there are many areas for improvement in SMEs in the region, in order to position the manufacturing sector in a market that is increasingly inmersso within globalization and before the arrival of new transnational corporations, it is urgent to design appropriate strategies to leverage their resources and opportunities in the environment.

De manera permanente, diversas empresas que ofrecen servicios de hospedaje tratan de aprovechar las condiciones existentes en su entorno para diversificar su oferta, mejorar sus servicios y atraer mas clientes en medio de un mercado muy competido. Tal es el caso del perfil actual de los viajeros que permanecen interconectados, acostumbrados cada vez mas, a usar su movil y aplicaciones para interactuar con el entorno del sitio visitado. Ante este contexto, se establecio como objetivo principal analizar las pautas de conducta y factores que influyen en la toma de decisiones para que un usuario utilice o no, plataformas digitales y aplicaciones en linea para reservar y consumir los servicios de hospedaje de un destino costero mexicano. Para ello, se diseno y aplico un cuestionario a 377 turistas de origen nacional durante el periodo vacacional de Semana Santa 2019 mediante entrevista personal en las zonas de mayor afluencia turistica del destino.Entre los principales hallazgos destaca el uso de Internet para realizar las reservaciones (44%), seguido de la via telefonica (37%). Asi mismo, el 51% de los visitantes uso su movil para reservar en linea, conducta ya interiorizada en sus practicas turisticas ya que la mayoria de los respondientes la ha llevado a cabo en mas de una ocasion, situacion que describe parte de la conducta del consumidor en esta localidad. Palabras clave: Plataformas Digitales, Aplicaciones en Linea, Seguridad, Competitividad Turistica . doi : https://doi.org/10.36825/RITI.08.15.008

OBJETIVO: Determinar las preferencias de los consumidores de salsas picantes de Comalcalco, Tabasco, así como de los principales ingredientes en la cultura gastronómica en otras ramas y datos estadísticos de su producción. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El presente estudio, tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo. Se implementó la técnica de cuestionarios que fueron aplicados a una muestra por conveniencia de 80 personas entre las que destacaron clientes de la misma empresa, así como amistades y familiares. RESULTADOS: Con base en la información se seleccionaron personas que habían consumido salsas Guasalzas. La muestra fue de 61% mujeres y 39% hombres. Se observó que las mujeres demostraron más interés en el consumo de las salsas. También se descubrió la preferencia del chile habanero que fue del 46% y sólo el 23% prefirieron el chile amashito. CONCLUSIONES: El chile es un cultivo originario de México muy importante a nivel mundial. Los usos múltiples del chile y sus derivados datan desde la época prehispánica y van más allá de conformar un extraordinario condimento. En cuanto a la preferencia de los consumidores, se concluyó que las Salsas Guasalzas tienen un alto porcentaje de posibilidades de ser consumidas en Comalcalco, Tabasco.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate linear, quadratic, and exponential mathematical models to predict live weight (LW) from heart girth (HG) in crossbred heifers raised in tropical humid conditions in Mexico. Live weight (363.32 ± 150.88 kg) and HG (166.83 ± 24.88 cm) were measured in 400 heifers aged between 3 and 24 months. Linear and non-linear regression was used to construct the prediction models. The goodness of fit of the models was evaluated using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R

Ag(i) complexes derived from chiral imidazolium-based dicarboxylate ligands have shown good antimicrobial activity toward Gram-negative bacteria. A chirality-antimicrobial tendency has been revealed.

In recent years, surgical procedures for hip prostheses have increased. These implants are manufactured with materials with high stiffness compared to the bone, causing bone loss or aseptic loosening. This research proposes an alternative structural composite consisting of 3D-printing polylactic acid layers and carbon fiber laminates (PLA/CFRC) with potential application in prosthetic implants. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) achieved to characterize starting materials and structural composites revealed secondary chemical interactions between the carbonyl group of PLA with the hydroxyl group of epoxy resin from CFRC. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show both components (PLA and CFRC) influence the structural composite's thermal behavior, observed in the temperatures of degradation, glass transition, and melting. Furthermore, the composite reached cell viability above 80%, a tensile modulus of 19.29 ± 0.48 GPa and tensile strength of 238.91 ± 25.95 MPa, with mechanical properties very similar to the bone. The results of this study demonstrated that the proposed PLA/CFRC composite can be used as candidate base material for the manufacturing of a hip femoral stem prostheses.

[Abstract] Bone resorption and inadequate osseointegration are considered the main problems of titanium implants. In this investigation, the texture and surface roughness of porous titanium samples obtained by the space holder technique were modified with a femtosecond Yb-doped fiber laser. Different percentages of porosity (30, 40, 50, and 60 vol.%) and particle range size (100–200 and 355–500 μm) were compared with fully-dense samples obtained by conventional powder metallurgy. After femtosecond laser treatment the formation of a rough surface with micro-columns and micro-holes occurred for all the studied substrates. The surface was covered by ripples over the micro-metric structures. This work evaluates both the influence of the macro-pores inherent to the spacer particles, as well as the micro-columns and the texture generated with the laser, on the wettability of the surface, the cell behavior (adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts), micro-hardness (instrumented micro-indentation test, P–h curves) and scratch resistance. The titanium sample with 30 vol.% and a pore range size of 100–200 μm was the best candidate for the replacement of small damaged cortical bone tissues, based on its better biomechanical (stiffness and yield strength) and biofunctional balance (bone in-growth and in vitro osseointegration). This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España (PID2019-109371GB-100), Junta de Andalucía (Spain), through the Project PAIDI P20-00671 Junta de Andalucía; P20-00671

The use of porous titanium samples fabricated by space-holder powder metallurgy with bioactive coatings has already been reported to prevent resorption of the bone surrounding the implant and improve osseointegration, respectively. However, the presence of pores as well as the poor adherence and the brittle behavior inherent to glassy coatings affect the service behavior of implants fabricated from these samples. Therefore, they need to be optimized. In this work, 50 vol.% of porosity titanium substrates were manufactured with different pore range size (100–200 and 355–500 µm) spacer particles and coated with a bilayer of bioactive glasses (45S5/1393). The effect of the pores on the tribomechanical properties and infiltration of the bioactive glass 1393 along with the bioactivity of the bioactive glass 45S5 were evaluated by instrumented micro-indentation and scratch tests and the formation of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid. The results obtained were very promising as potential implants for the replacement of small tumors in cortical bone tissues, mainly due to the smaller pores that present an improved biomechanical and biofunctional balance. Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain grant PID2019-109371GB-I00 Junta de Andalucía-FEDER (Spain) Project US-1259771 Junta de Andalucía-FEDER (Spain) Project US-1380878 Junta de Andalucía (Spain) Project PAIDI 2020 P20_00671

ESRETNET Study Group, The ERDC Study Group, The Associated Clinical Study Group., Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations., This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425 and PI19/00321), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE), Fundación Ramón Areces, Fundación Conchita Rábago and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. Irene Perea-Romero is supported by a PhD fellowship from the predoctoral Program from ISCIII (FI17/00192). Ionut F. Iancu is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017-AI/BMD7256). Marta del Pozo-Valero is supported by a PhD grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago. Berta Almoguera is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020). Pablo Minguez is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CP16/00116). Marta Corton is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CPII17/00006).

In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was successfully coupled with TiO2 using hydrothermal method, to develop an advanced heterojunction photocatalyst. The interaction between g-C3N4 and TiO2 was confirmed through analysis of X-Ray spectroscopy (XPS) C 1s, N 1s, O 1s high resolution core level spectra of g-C3N4, TiO2 and g–C3N4–TiO2 heterojucntion. Further, through valence band spectra analysis, conduction band offset (0.12 eV) and valence band offset (0.28 eV) of g–C3N4–TiO2 heterojunction were estimated. Also, composite material was identified as type II heterojunction between g-C3N4 and TiO2. XRD, UV–vis, BET and HRTEM were employed to understand the changes in physicochemical properties. Photocatalytic hydrogen production rates were evaluated through water splitting experiments. Under visible light irradiation highest hydrogen production rate was achieved for g–C3N4–TiO2 heterojunction sample with high content of TiO2, and was about 1041 μmol/g.h. The improved photocatalytic activity of the heterojunction material was explained in detail.

El estudio analiza el cenotafio levantado en la Iglesia de Santiago de los Espanoles de Roma, en 1789, con motivo de las exequias por Carlos III, con el fin de realizar una recreacion virtual. El p...

In current digital ecosystem, sound is gaining prominence through new formats such as podcasting, born in the era of mobility. Formats that can share elements, characteristics, dynamics of work and consumption with other traditional radio formats, such as reports, docudramas or the radio soap opera. This article aims to analyze whether the strength of human reach storytelling is a common starting point in analogic reports and in fictional and non-fiction podcasts, both on audio platforms and on conventional radio. For this, three podcast are proposed as case study: ‘Sin mi identidad’ (2018, COPE network), ‘Lo conocí en un Corpus’ (2017, Podium Podcast) and ‘Las tres muertes de mi padre’ (2017, Cuonda). The methodology is classified as descriptive and qualitative and includes semi-structured interviews with key subjects in the process of the three spaces considered as objects of study. In the analyzed cases it can be stated that, although reports and fiction and nonfiction podcasts are different products, they share similarities of production, documentation and recording. Also, all have as starting point a real story, even when podcasts are fiction. Key words: Docudrama; Podcast; Radio; Digital Radio; Radio Drama; Radio Reports.

El litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) es un fruto exótico de creciente interés productivo en los estados de Veracruz y Oaxaca, México, tiene buena oferta en el mercado externo y representa una alternativa para generar ingresos económicos a los productores; sin embargo, presenta algunas limitaciones que impiden que se potencialice como un cultivo rentable en algunos estados de México. El objetivo fue analizar la situación actual del cultivo de litchi y de los productores en tres municipios de Veracruz y Oaxaca e identificar los factores limitantes para su desarrollo. Se elaboró y aplicó una encuesta en marzo y abril de 2017 a 18 productores de los municipios seleccionados integrándose la información en una base de datos. Los resultados revelan que en los municipios de Veracruz cada productor tiene en promedio 2.16 ha de superficie sembrada, con un rendimiento promedio de 5.2 t ha-1, mientras que en Oaxaca tienen una extensión promedio de 30 ha con rendimientos promedios de 4.6 t ha-1. La mayoría de la producción es orgánica. De acuerdo a la percepción de los productores, las principales limitantes del cultivo son los bajos rendimientos de producción, el desconocimiento del cultivo y los escasos canales de comercialización en ambos estados. Se considera que el litchi tiene gran potencial para ser impulsado con programas de apoyos, infraestructura y comercialización, que permitirían al cultivo incrementar su rentabilidad y productividad.

In this work, a novel combination of designed heat treatments and cold work performed on Al-6063 alloy was proposed. The consumption of aluminium and its alloys in the automotive and aeronautic industries has increased over the past few years, in the same way, as the consumption of material for manufacturing moulds for casting of plastic parts and dies for plastics and metals. Then, it is important to find a low-cost alternative to maximise the mechanical properties of aluminium, with a negligible effect on the ductility of the alloy, which is important due to thermal and mechanical fatigue on mould and dies. It is well known that precipitation hardening increases the mechanical and yield strength of aluminium alloys with a major ductility loss. However, the developed methodology consists of a solution heat treatment, followed by cold working (strain hardening), and lastly a heat treatment (precipitation hardening and stress reliever) to produce Al 6063 aluminium alloys with enhanced mechanical strength and with a negligible ductility loss. The proposed methodology increases around 23.45% of the tensile and yield strength, with a ductility reduction of less than 1.5% in the elastic materials region. The experimental tensile testing results are correlated with nanoindentation experimental results in order to confirm that the level of cold working is directly proportional to mechanical strength levels by two different characterisation techniques at a macro- and nanoscales, respectively.

Drought is a major cause of agricultural losses worldwide. Climate change will intensify drought episodes threatening agricultural sustainability. Gaining insights into drought response mechanisms is vital for crop adaptation to climate emergency. To date, only few studies report comprehensive analyses of plant metabolic adaptation to drought. Here, we present a multifactorial metabolomic study of early-mid drought stages in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We sampled root and shoot tissues of plants subjected to water withholding over a six-day time course, including brassinosteroids receptor mutants previously reported to show drought tolerance phenotypes. Furthermore, we sequenced the root transcriptome at basal and after 5 days drought, allowing direct correlation between metabolic and transcriptomic changes and the multi-omics integration. Significant abiotic stress signatures were already activated at basal conditions in a vascular-specific receptor overexpression (BRL3ox). These were also rapidly mobilized under drought, revealing a systemic adaptation strategy driven from inner tissues of the plant. Overall, this dataset provides a significant asset to study drought metabolic adaptation and allows its analysis from multiple perspectives.

The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, is known to produce silk and was introduced to the Philippines from China, Japan, Korea, and India. The silkworm germplasm in the Philippines is sourced from three centers located in regions that vary in climatic conditions: Philippine Textile Research Institute–Technology Center Misamis Oriental (PTRI-TCMO); Department of Science and Technology– Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in La Trinidad, Benguet; and the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University–Sericulture Research and Development Institute (DMMMSU-SRDI), La Union. To date, associated information with the centers’ germplasm constitutes differences in biological and productive traits such as yield and quality of raw silk. It lacks genetic information on strain diversity, which provide basis for the efficient selection of parental strains with traits of economic interest. This study aimed to characterize, for the first time, the genetic diversity of 17 pure lines as parental strains. Genetic variation was evaluated using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). BLAST analysis of the COI and ITS2 sequences confirmed the identity of B. mori strains. Phylogenetic trees constructed from COI sequences formed a monophyletic clade, while the trees based on ITS2 sequences formed two distinct clusters. The pairwise distances based on the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model between the B. moristrains ranged from 0–0.003 for COI and from 0–0.002 for ITS2, indicating low genetic variation for the corresponding molecular markers. Variation in the COI gene determined four nucleotide changes while variations in the ITS2 sequences determined four to six nucleotide changes, except for one strain with higher nucleotide change. This study reports that the use of COI and ITS2 as markers was not able to genotypically differentiate the 17 strains, which appear different in terms of phenotypic characters, suggesting the use of other molecular markers to characterize not only the 17 strains but all other strains in the germplasm.

En esta práctica se repasarán distintas formas de expresar la concentración de una disolución. Así mismo, se procederá a la preparación de volúmenes predeterminados de dos disoluciones con dos concentraciones en molaridad dadas, a partir de dos productos de partida en distintos estados: un sólido (NaCl) y una disolución acuosa de un gas (NH3). En esta práctica se detalla el procedimiento práctico a llevar a cabo para preparar una disolución de un determinado soluto a una concentración estipulada. Para ello, primero es necesario calcular la cantidad de soluto que habría que usar, teniendo en cuenta el volumen deseado de la disolución y la concentración fijada. Una vez tomada la cantidad requerida de soluto (ya sea sólido o líquido), este se añade al matraz aforado adecuado (según el volumen de disolución que se quiere preparar) y se añade disolvente hasta la señal de enrase del matraz. Una vez hecho esto, sólo habría que agitar la muestra para disolver o distribuir el soluto uniformemente.

En esta práctica se procederá a la determinación de la solubilidad a temperatura ambiente de dos sales (NaCl y KNO3), usando agua como disolvente. De esta forma, se constatará que la solubilidad de las sustancias depende de la naturaleza de dicha sustancia. Así mismo, se repetirá la determinación de la solubilidad de las mismas sales, pero esta vez subiendo el sistema a 70ºC, de forma que se demostrará que la solubilidad de una sustancia dada depende también de la temperatura. En esta práctica se trabaja con el concepto de solubilidad, que se define como la cantidad máxima de un soluto que puede disolverse en 100 ml de un disolvente. Esta propiedad depende tanto de la naturaleza del soluto y del disolvente, así como de la temperatura. Para observar este hecho, se comparará la solubilidad de dos solutos distintos a temperatura ambiente y a 90ºC. Para ello, se determinará, usando una bureta, el volumen de agua (que se fija como disolvente) necesario para disolver 2 g del soluto. Con este dato, basta con establecer una relación para determinar la cantidad de soluto que se disolverían en 100 ml de agua. Asimismo, se observará que el valor de solubilidad es distinto para cada soluto y cada valor de temperatura.