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هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على دور التسويق الڤايروسي في تعزيز ثقة الزبون في قطاع شركات الاتصالات في العراق، باستخدام تقنيات حديثة حول الاتصال والتواصل مع الزبائن، وانطلقت الدراسة من مشكلة تم التعبير عنها بعدد من التساؤلات الفكرية والتطبيقية ، الفلسفة النظرية والدلالات الفكرية للمتغيرات التي تناولتها الدراسة (التسويق الفيروسي وثقة الزبون)، وتعّد من الأطر الفكرية الحديثة على البيئة العراقية، وتم تطبيق هذه الدراسة على شركة آسياسيل للهاتف النقال في العراق، ومن خلال عينة قصدية متكونة من (50) منتسباً يشغلون مناصب إدارية، وقد تم اعتماد المنهج التحليلي الوصفي من خلال تصميم استبانة لجمع البيانات اللازمة، وبرزت أهمية الدراسة من حداثة المتغيرات التي تناولتها، وقد كان اهم النتائج ان هناك تأثيراً للتسويق الڤايروسي في ثقة الزبون، وبناءً على ذلك تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات، التي كان أهمها ضرورة التوجه الى التسويق الالكتروني عبر مختلف الشبكات، ولا سيما ما أظهرته البيئة العراقية من نمو متزايد ومتسارع في استخدام هذه الشبكات، مع ضرورة الاهتمام بالهيكل التنظيمي للشركة عينة الدراسة، الذي يتوجب عليه إدارة الحملة التسويقية عبر موقع الشركة الالكتروني.

The data is associated with the paper titled " Estimating Aggregate Economic Rate of Return to Foreign Aid in Pakistan "

Sustainable economic growth and Poverty alleviation is a principal objective of the developing countries. The present study aims to historically review of fiscal policy and its consequences for the economic development of the four South Asian economies i.e. Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Confined revenues and savings coupled with rising expenditures have caused situation of persistent fiscal deficit over the years. Coupled with that countries are also facing current account deficit. Resultantly, ‘Twin Deficit problem’ emerged, and it is filled by public deb. Consequently countries have to spend considerable portion of their GDP on interest payments of the loans. The need to service debt obligation is undermining economic performance and resulting in collapse of development planning. Because debt obligations and expenditure on debt servicing become a resource drain for already limited revenues and is halting economic growth and poverty reduction efforts.

A pesticide safety knowledge test was developed to assess farmer’s knowledge related to pesticide safety. Yes-No (true-false) type 25 item, test, was constructed and used in a sample of 162 pesticide applicator in two districts of southern Punjab Pakistan. The overall mean score was 17.2(72%). More educated and adult respondents performed better than younger and illiterate. Similarly large land holder scored higher than small landholders, indicating their more access to information and extension. Overall ten Items received less than 50% correct response. The result shows that farmers have reasonably good knowledge but it still has to see, to what extent that knowledge is being used practically. It could possibly be the future research topic.

The paper investigates the impacts of different health indicators on Economic growth in Pakistan. The Cointegration and Error Correction techniques were applied on the time series data of Pakistan for the period of 1972-2006. We find that Per capita GDP is positively influenced by health indicators in the long run and health indicators are having significant impact on per capita GDP. However, in the short run the health indicators fails to put significant impact on per capita GDP. It reveals that health indicators have a long run impact on economic growth. . It suggests that impact of health is only a long run phenomenon and in the short run there is no significant relationship exists between health variables and economic growth. The major policy implication of the study is that if we desire a high levels of per capita income, we can achieve it by increasing and improving the stock of health human capital, especially if current stocks are at lower end. Moreover, study also points out a rather diminutive role of public health expenditure in determining the per capita GDP.