228 results on '"Akpalu, A"'
Search Results
2. Immunogenicity and safety of a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered as a 2 + 1 schedule to healthy infants in The Gambia: a single-centre, double-blind, active-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial
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Ikechukwu Adigweme, Ahmed Futa, Ebrima Saidy-Jah, Bassey Edem, Edem Akpalu, Tida Dibbasey, Vistasp Sethna, Rajeev Dhere, Beate Kampmann, Christopher Bengt, Jake Sirr, Nancy Hosken, David Goldblatt, Kalpana Antony, Mark R Alderson, Steve Lamola, and Ed Clarke
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Infectious Diseases - Published
- 2023
3. Capacity-Building for Stroke Genomic Research Data Collection: The African Neurobiobank Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Project Experience
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Ezinne O. Uvere, Michelle Nichols, Babatunde R. Ojebuyi, Suleiman Yahaya Isah, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Carolyn Jenkins, Reginald Obiako, Lukman Owolabi, Albert Akpalu, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Olumayowa Ogunronbi, Muyiwa Adigun, Gregory Adekunle Fakunle, Bello Hamzat, Ruth Laryea, Babatunde Uthman, Joshua O. Akinyemi, Osi Adeleye, Lois Melikam, Olubukola Balogun, Abdullateef Sule, Sunday Adeniyi, Shadrack O. Asibey, Wisdom Oguike, Olorunyomi Olorunsogbon, Arti Singh, Musibau A. Titiloye, Rabiu Musbahu, Kolawole W. Wahab, Rajesh N. Kalaria, Ayodele S. Jegede, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni S. Arulogun, and Rufus O. Akinyemi
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Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2023
4. Quality of life in Ghanaian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with non diabetic controls and caregivers’ report
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VA Essuman, Benjamin Abaidoo, A Essuman, J Akpalu, AH Sackey, NA Barnes, and WM Amoaku
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General Medicine - Abstract
Background: Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is as important as metabolic control in the management and prevention of diabetes-related complications. Aim: To describe the self-reported HRQOL outcomes in Ghanaian children and adolescents with T1DM compared with healthy controls and perceived HRQOL by caregivers. Setting: Out-patient clinics of the Departments of Child Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Family Medicine, and Ophthalmology, the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre (all at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), and the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH). Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants were documented. Participants completed the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Data analysis was done with SPSS Version 25.0. An unpaired t-test was used in comparing the HRQOL scores between children and adolescents with T1DM and controls, and parental proxy reports. Results: Fifty children and adolescents with T1DM, 50 parents/caregivers, and 80 healthy non-diabetic controls took part in this study. There was no significant difference in mean score between the patients and the caregivers for overall HRQOL (p = 0.270). Patients reported significantly worse overall HRQOL than their controls (p = 0.001). Males with diabetes reported better HRQOL than females (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Children and adolescents with T1DM and their parents/caregivers reported lower HRQOL scores compared to healthy controls. Males reported better HRQOL than females. Potential implications: HRQOL should be routinely assessed together with proxy reports from parents to identify those who might benefit from further attention including referral to a psychologist.
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- 2023
5. Dietary patterns associated with stroke among West Africans: A case–control study
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Akinkunmi P Okekunle, Osahon Asowata, Onoja M Akpa, Bruce Ovbiagele, Adekunle Fakunle, Morenikeji Komolafe, Oyedunni Arulogun, Fred S Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Reginald Obiako, Kolawole Wahab, Godwin Osaigbovo, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin Ogbole, Joshua Akinyemi, Sunday Adeniyi, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Mayowa Aridegbe, Akintunde Adebowale, Hamisu Dambatta, Atinuke Agunloye, Olalekan Oyinloye, Adeniyi Aderibigbe, Isah Suleiman, Abiodun M Adeoye, Josephine Akpalu, Obiageli Agbogu-Ike, Hemant K Tiwari, Donna Arnett, Rufus Akinyemi, and Mayowa O Owolabi
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Neurology - Abstract
Background: The relationship of diet with stroke risk among Africans is not well understood. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and stroke risk among West Africans. Methods: In this multi-center case–control study, 3684 stroke patients matched (for age and sex) with 3684 healthy controls were recruited from Nigeria and Ghana. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were summarized using principal component analysis. Stroke was defined using predefined criteria primarily on clinical evaluation following standard guidelines. Conditional logistic regression was applied to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for stroke risk by tertiles of dietary patterns adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: Overall, mean age was 59.0 ± 13.9 years, and 3992 (54.2%) were males. Seven dietary patterns were identified. Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for risk of stroke by second and third tertiles (using the lowest and first tertile as reference) of dietary patterns was 1.65 (1.43, 1.90) and 1.74 (1.51, 2.02), for “poultry product and organ meat”; 1.69 (1.47, 1.96) and 1.51 (1.31, 1.75) for “red meat”; 1.07 (0.92, 1.23) and 1.21 (1.04, 1.40) for “fried foods and sweetened drinks”; 0.69 (0.60, 0.80) and 0.45 (0.39, 0.53) for “vegetables”; 0.84 (0.72, 0.97) and 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) for “whole-grain and fruit drinks”; and 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) and 0.85 (0.73, 0.98) for “fruits” respectively ( p Conclusion: These data suggest that plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of stroke and might be a beneficial dietary recommendation for the primary prevention of stroke among Africans.
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- 2022
6. Management of recurrent pheochromocytoma in pregnancy in a young Ghanaian
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Akpalu, Josephine, Ampong, Charlotte, Atiase, Yacoba, Yorke, Ernest, Takyi, Charles, Coleman, Jerry, O. Darkwa, Ebenezer, and A. Adu-Aryee, Nii
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management ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Hardware and Architecture ,Ghana ,pregnancy ,Software ,Pheochromocytoma - Abstract
The co-existence of pheochromocytoma and pregnancy is rare, with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. This is a case report of a young Ghanaian woman with a pre-existing diagnosis of recurrent pheochromocytoma who became pregnant and experienced elevated blood pressure in the third trimester with proteinuria and abnormal liver function. She was managed as an in-patient and delivered a live baby via caesarean section at 34 weeks after detecting intra-uterine growth restriction. Management of such cases by a multidisciplinary team is recommended for optimal outcomes.
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- 2022
7. Frequent vegetable consumption is inversely associated with hypertension among indigenous Africans
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Onoja Matthew Akpa, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osahon Jeffery Asowata, Tinashe Chikowore, Shukri F Mohamed, Fred Sarfo, Rufus Akinyemi, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin O Osaigbovo, Godwin Ogbole, Hemant K Tiwari, Joshua Akinyemi, Adekunle Fakunle, Ezinne Uvere, Abiodun M Adeoye, Daniel Lackland, Donna K Arnett, Bruce Ovbiagele, Michèle Ramsay, and Mayowa Owolabi
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Epidemiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Aims The relationship between vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence remains poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the association of vegetable consumption with odds of hypertension among indigenous Africans. Methods and results We harmonized data on prior vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence (defined as one of the following conditions; systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or previous diagnosis or use of antihypertensive medications) from 16 445 participants across five African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Burkina Faso) in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network and Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic studies. Vegetable consumption (in servings/week) was classified as ‘low’ ( Conclusion Indigenous Africans who consumed at least 12 servings of vegetables per week were less likely to be found hypertensive, particularly among males and young adults.
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- 2022
8. Correction to: African Control of Hypertension through Innovative Epidemiology and a Vibrant Ecosystem (ACHIEVE): novel strategies for accelerating hypertension control in Africa
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Mayowa Owolabi, Paul Olowoyo, Ana Mocumbi, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Augustine Odili, Kolawole Wahab, Dike Ojji, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Rufus Akinyemi, Albert Akpalu, Reginald Obiako, Fred S. Sarfo, Charlotte Bavuma, Hind Mamoun Beheiry, Moshen Ibrahim, Wafaa El Aroussy, Gianfranco Parati, Anastase Dzudie, Sandhya Singh, Onoja Akpa, Andre Pascal Kengne, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Ama de Graft Aikins, Charles Agyemang, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Bruce Ovbiagele, Renu Garg, Norman R. C. Campbell, Daniel T. Lackland, Prebo Barango, Slim Slama, Cherian V. Varghese, Paul K. Whelton, and Xin-Hua Zhang
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- 2023
9. In-hospital Delays of Acute Ischaemic Stroke Treatment and Their Influence on Outcomes in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana (P7-5.004)
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Fiifi Duodu, David Mends, Babbel Agbinko-Djobalar, Prince Pekyi-Boateng, Kodwo Nkromah, Patrick Adjei, and Albert Akpalu
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- 2023
10. African Control of Hypertension through Innovative Epidemiology and a Vibrant Ecosystem (ACHIEVE): novel strategies for accelerating hypertension control in Africa
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Mayowa Owolabi, Paul Olowoyo, Ana Mocumbi, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Augustine Odili, Kolawole Wahab, Dike Ojji, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Rufus Akinyemi, Albert Akpalu, Reginald Obiako, Fred S. Sarfo, Charlotte Bavuma, Hind Mamoun Beheiry, Moshen Ibrahim, Wafaa El Aroussy, Gianfranco Parati, Anastase Dzudie, Sandhya Singh, Onoja Akpa, Andre Pascal Kengne, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Ama de Graft Aikins, Charles Agyemang, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Bruce Ovbiagele, Renu Garg, Norman R. C. Campbell, Daniel T. Lackland, Prebo Barango, Slim Slama, Cherian V. Varghese, Paul K. Whelton, and Xin-Hua Zhang
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- 2023
11. Determinants of COVID-19 masking among artisanal fisherfolks in Ghana: the role of time discounting
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Wisdom Akpalu and Kwami Adanu
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General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,General Business, Management and Accounting - Abstract
PurposeDaily COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates are still high globally, and masking is considered a reliable method of preventing its infections. Yet, the rate of voluntary compliance with masking remains very low in most parts of the world, especially in developing countries. The authors hypothesize that the decision to wear a mask entails some benefit-cost analysis that involves time discounting. In addition, the authors surmise that feel-good benefits from pro-social behavior and from wearing fashionable masks are substantial.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a survey of 900 fishermen and fish traders in Ghana. A simple experiment was designed to elicit individual rates of time preference. In addition, the fishers were asked questions about their political affiliation and knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, among others. A logit model is used to investigate the determinants of the decision to wear a mask.FindingsThe authors found that masking compliance increases in time discounting for fishmongers, suggesting that private benefits from pro-social behavior or feel-good benefits from wearing a mask are very strong. In addition, those who belonged to the ruling political party were more likely to wear a mask. Other factors increasing the likelihood of masking include affiliation with the ruling political party, knowledge of COVID-19 and knowledge of someone who lost his/her job due to COVID-19.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of time discounting on the voluntary compliance of a health safety measure, which could provide a direct utility. In addition, the study explores the effect of political affiliation on voluntary masking behavior.
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- 2023
12. Human Rights Implications of Stroke Biobanking and Genomics Research in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Muyiwa Adigun, Babatunde Raphael Ojebuyi, Joshua Akinyemi, Kolawole Wahab, Albert Akpalu, Fred S. Sarfo, Lukman F. Owolabi, Rabiu Musbahu, Abiodun Bello, Reginald Obiako, Mayowa Ogunronbi, Arti Singh, Michelle Nichols, Carolyn Jenkins, Ayodele Jegede, Rajesh Kalaria, Mayowa Owolabi, Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, and Rufus Akinyemi
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Sociology and Political Science ,Law - Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa (ssa) and genetic factors appear to play a part in its pathogenesis. This led to the development of stroke biobanking and genomics research in ssa. Existing stroke studies have focused on causes, incidence rates, fatalities and effects. However, scant attention has been paid to the legal issues about stroke biobanking and genomics research in the sub-region. Therefore, this article examines the legal implications of stroke biobanking and genomics research in Sub-Saharan Africa from a human rights perspective. The study argues that the right to dignity of the human person, the right to privacy, the right to freedom of information, the right to freedom from discrimination, the right to own property, the right to self-determination and the right to health may be implicated. The study concludes that the court may have to be involved in balancing one right against the other which may prove somewhat herculean depending on the circumstances of each case.
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- 2022
13. The 'Seafood' System: Aquatic Foods, Food Security, and the Global South
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Andreea L. Cojocaru, Yaqin Liu, Martin D. Smith, Wisdom Akpalu, Carlos Chávez, Madan M. Dey, Jorge Dresdner, Viktoria Kahui, Ruth B. M. Pincinato, and Nhuong Tran
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Economics and Econometrics ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Published
- 2022
14. Fish Protein Transition in a Coastal Developing Country
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Wisdom Akpalu and Michael Adu Okyere
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Economics and Econometrics ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Published
- 2022
15. Gross testicular morphometric parameters and sperm reserves in indigenous Ghanaian West African dwarf goats
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D. Essel-Cobbinah, Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe, J. Atawalna, and P.D. Akpalu
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endocrine system ,West african ,urogenital system ,Zoology ,Daily sperm production, Dwarf goat, Morphometry, Sperm reserves, West African ,Dwarf goats ,Biology ,Sperm ,Indigenous - Abstract
The West African Dwarf (WAD) goat has genetic potentials that can be exploited for improved goat production. However, their testicular morphometric parameters and sperm reserves in Ghana are not well known. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sabtiu Musah abattoir in Kumasi, Ghana, to evaluate the gross testicular morphometric parameters and sperm reserves in 10 indigenous WAD goats. The samples were stored on an ice chest and transported to the Regional Veterinary Laboratory for analysis on the day of collection. In the laboratory, the testes and epididymis were separated by dissection and then freed of all connective tissue and the Tunica albuginea. The weight, length, width and volume of the testis were determined. A segment of testicular parenchyma was incised and homogenized in a 20 ml normal saline solution. The resulting homogenate was stored in the refrigerator overnight and a filtered aliquot used for estimating spermatid concentration and sperm reserves. The weight, length, width, volume of the testis and the gonadosomatic index were 70.09 ±14.19 gm, 7.46 ± 0.52 cm, 5.08 ± 0.62, cm, 102.40 ± 29.40 ml and 5.09 ± 0.07%, respectively. The sperm reserves per the whole testis, sperm reserves per gramme testis, Daily Sperm production (DSP), and DSP per gramme testis of Ghanaian WAD bucks were 146.0 ± 50.95, 2.2 ± 0.62, 41.01 ± 14.3 and 0.62 ± 0.17 x109 spermatozoa, respectively. Indigenous West African Draft goats have a high potential for sperm production. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the semen quality parameters of this breed.
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- 2021
16. Optimal Allocation of Anchovy Stocks as Baitfish for Tuna and as Food for Local Communities in Developing Coastal Countries
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Wisdom Akpalu
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Economics and Econometrics ,biology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Fishing ,Developing country ,Pelagic zone ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,Geography ,Anchovy ,Optimal allocation ,Tuna - Abstract
Bait tuna vessels in developing coastal countries often compete with artisanal fishers for small pelagic species such as anchovies. Owing to the capital-intensive nature of tuna fishing, th...
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- 2021
17. Pre-Stroke Depression in Ghana and Nigeria: Prevalence, Predictors and Association With Poststroke Depression
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Ruth Lyrea, Cynthia Akinsanya, Onoja Akpa, Fakunle Adekunle, Moyinoluwa Tito-Ilori, Albert Akpalu, Lukman Owolabi, Joshua O. Akinyemi, Adeniyi Wasiu, Kolawole Wahab, Oyedunni Arulogun, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Akin Ojagbemi, Godwin Ogbole, Josephine Akpalu, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Rufus Akinyemi, and Bruce Ovbiagele
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Nigeria ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Ghana ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Stroke survivor ,Risk factor ,Association (psychology) ,Psychiatry ,Stroke ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Case-Control Studies ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objectives: Depression is a risk factor for stroke. There is a knowledge gap on the predictors of prestroke depression in stroke survivors living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated prevalence and predictors of prestroke depression, as well as its association with poststroke depression (PSD) in the largest study of stroke in Africa. Methods: We evaluated information collected as part of the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) study, a multicentre, case-control study conducted at 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Prestroke depression status was ascertained in stroke survivors using a validated self-report tool, while PSD was assessed using a stroke specific screening tool for depression (“HRQOLISP-E”). Independent associations were investigated using complementary log-log regression and binary logit models. Results: Among 1,977 participants, prestroke depression was found in 141 (7.1%). In multivariate analyses, prestroke depression was significantly associated with tachycardia (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.37-3.56) and low consumption of green leafy vegetables (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.12-3.24). Forty-one (29.1%) of the prestroke depression sub-sample developed PSD. However, prestroke depression was not significantly associated with PSD. Conclusion: The findings should energize before-the-stroke identification and prioritization of limited treatment resources in LMICs to persons with depression who have multiple, additional, risks of stroke.
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- 2020
18. Patient- and Health Facility-Level Determinants of Stroke Fatality Across 15 Large Hospitals in Ghana & Nigeria
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Fred S. Sarfo, Akpa Onoja, Bruce Ovbiagele, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Komolafe Morenikeji, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin Ogbole, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Ezinne Uvere, Taofeek Sanni, Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Abdul Salaam, Adeseye A. Akintunde, samuel olowookere, Phillip Ibinaiye, Joshua Akinyemi, Kelechukwu Uwanuruochi, Balogun Olayemi, Olufemi A. Odunlami, Esther Abunimye, Oyedunni Arulogun, Sulaiman Y. Isah, Sani A. Abubakar, Oladimeji Adebayo, Phillip Adebayo, Vincent Shidali, Innocent I. Chukwuonye, Josephine Akpalu, Adekunle Fakunle, Osahon J. Asowata, Emmanuel O. Sanya, Ganiyu Amusa, Ugochukwu Uchenna Onyeonoro, James A. Ogunmodede, Abdullaleef G. Sule, Cynthia Akinsanya, Yaw Mensah, Olalekan I. Oyinloye, Lambert Appiah, Atinuke M. Agunloye, Godwin O. Osaigbovo, Eunice Olabinri, Phillip M. Kolo, Obiora Okeke, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Olabamiji Ajose, Carolyn Jenkins, Daniel T. Lackland, Adedeji A. Egberongbe, Olaleye Adeniji, Osinmhiaherhuo Ohifemen Adeleye, Hermant K. Tiwari, Ruth Y. Laryea, Taiwo Olunuga, Kazeem S. Akinwande, Lucius Imoh, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Ezinne Melikam, Adeyemo Adebolaji, Wisdom Oguike, Mayowa Ogunronbi, Wasiu Adeniyi, Obiabo Y. Olugbo, Abiodun H. Bello, Kenneth A. Ohagwu, Luqman Ogunjimi, Francis Agyekum, Henry Iheonye, Julius Adesina, Samuel Diala, Hamisu A. Dambatta, Joyce Ikubor, Arti Singh, Sheila Adamu, Vida Obese, Nathaniel Adesie, Dorcas Owusu, Michael Ampofo, Raelle Tagge, Richard Efidi, Bimbo Fawale, Joseph O. Yaria, Rufus Akinyemi, Mayowa OWOLABI, and SIREN Study
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
19. Floristic Composition of Agroforestry Parklands in the Semi-Arid Zone of Ghana: A Special Focus on Faidherbia Albida (Delile) a. Chev
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Stephen Edem Akpalu, Luke Anglaaere, Lawrence Damnyag, Evans Kwasi Dawoe, Akwasi Adutwum Abunyewa, and Mercy Marilyn Akpalu
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Forestry ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
20. Symbolic legislation and the regulation of stroke biobanking and genomics research in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Muyiwa Adigun, Babatunde Raphael Ojebuyi, Joshua Akinyemi, Kolawole Wahab, Albert Akpalu, Fred S. Sarfo, Lukman F. Owolabi, Rabiu Musbahu, Abiodun Bello, Reginald Obiako, Mayowa Ogunronbi, Arti Singh, Michelle Nichols, Carolyn Jenkins, Ayodele Jegede, Rajesh Kalaria, Mayowa Owolabi, Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, and Rufus Akinyemi
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Law ,Article - Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and genetic factors appear to play a part. This led to the development of stroke bio-banking and genomics research in SSA. Existing stroke studies have focused on causes, incidence rates, fatalities and effects. However, scant attention has been paid to the legal issues about stroke bio-banking and genomics research in the sub-region. Therefore, this article examines how genomics research and stroke bio-banking in SSA can be regulated through legislation. The article reports that there are germane issues to be addressed such as appropriate consent model, commercial use of biological samples, ownership right in biological samples and return of research results but that the position of the law on these issues is not satisfactory because there are no statute directly regulating them while existing regulations in these countries are either absent, outdated, conservative or difficult to navigate. The article therefore applies the theory of symbolic legislation and argues for legislative intervention through positive symbolic approach. It recommends that the statute to be enacted should only address policy issues by way of legal rules without being detailed while the understanding of the rules should be fostered in explanatory notes. The explanatory notes should contain examples borne of decided cases, cases settled out of court and the ethical guidelines prepared by Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3 Africa). Where they are inadequate, recourse may be had to other ethical guidelines subject to the demands of local circumstances.
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- 2021
21. Assessment of Fishers' Knowledge and Willingness to Adopt Seaweed Cultivation in Ghana in Relation to Gender, Age, Education, and Distance
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Victor Rex Barnes, Lawrence Atsu Akpalu, and Alexander Yao Segbefia
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05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Fishing ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Regression analysis ,02 engineering and technology ,Focus group ,Human capital ,Test (assessment) ,Age and gender ,Geography ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Socioeconomics ,050703 geography ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering - Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and willingness of fishers in four selected fishing communities (Ayitepa/Kponor, Ngyiresia, Adjoa, and Miemia) in Ghana for seaweed cultivation in terms of gender, age, education, and distance. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data and household spatial position recorded by the global positioning system (GPS). The findings show that an average of 95.8% of fishers knew seaweed and 86.5% were willing cultivate it. A chi-square test shows no significant association between gender, age, education, distance, and the willingness of fishers to participate in the seaweed cultivation. In a regression model, only age group between the ages of 18 and 64 have a strong effect on the willingness of fishers to grow seaweed (P
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- 2021
22. Study protocol for a phase 1/2, single-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, active-controlled, age de-escalation trial to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a measles and rubella vaccine delivered by a microneedle patch in healthy adults (18 to 40 years), measles and rubella vaccine-primed toddlers (15 to 18 months) and measles and rubella vaccine-naïve infants (9 to 10 months) in The Gambia [Measles and Rubella Vaccine Microneedle Patch Phase 1/2 Age De-escalation Trial]
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Ikechukwu Adigweme, Edem Akpalu, Mohammed Yisa, Simon Donkor, Lamin B. Jarju, Baba Danso, Anthony Mendy, David Jeffries, Abdoulie Njie, Andrew Bruce, Michael Royals, James L. Goodson, Mark R. Prausnitz, Devin McAllister, Paul A. Rota, Sebastien Henry, and Ed Clarke
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Adult ,Adolescent ,Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ,Measles Vaccine ,Infant ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Young Adult ,Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ,Double-Blind Method ,Humans ,Gambia ,Rubella Vaccine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Rubella ,Measles ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Background New strategies to increase measles and rubella vaccine coverage, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are needed if elimination goals are to be achieved. With this regard, measles and rubella vaccine microneedle patches (MRV-MNP), in which the vaccine is embedded in dissolving microneedles, offer several potential advantages over subcutaneous delivery. These include ease of administration, increased thermostability, an absence of sharps waste, reduced overall costs and pain-free administration. This trial will provide the first clinical trial data on MRV-MNP use and the first clinical vaccine trial of MNP technology in children and infants. Methods This is a phase 1/2, randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, age de-escalation trial. Based on the defined eligibility criteria for the trial, including screening laboratory investigations, 45 adults [18–40 years] followed by 120 toddlers [15–18 months] and 120 infants [9–10 months] will be enrolled in series. To allow double-blinding, participants will receive either the MRV-MNP and a placebo (0.9% sodium chloride) subcutaneous (SC) injection or a placebo MNP and the MRV by SC injection (MRV-SC). Local and systemic adverse event data will be collected for 14 days following study product administration. Safety laboratories will be repeated on day 7 and, in the adult cohort alone, on day 14. Unsolicited adverse events including serious adverse events will be collected until the final study visit for each participant on day 180. Measles and rubella serum neutralizing antibodies will be measured at baseline, on day 42 and on day 180. Cohort progression will be dependent on review of the unblinded safety data by an independent data monitoring committee. Discussion This trial will provide the first clinical data on the use of a MNP to deliver the MRV and the first data on the use of MNPs in a paediatric population. It will guide future product development decisions for what may be a key technology for future measles and rubella elimination. Trial registration Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry 202008836432905. ClinicalTrials.govNCT04394689
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- 2022
23. Abstract P069: Vegetable Consumption And Hypertension Among 16,445 Africans
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Akinkunmi Okekunle, Onoja Akpa, Osahon Asowata, Tinashe Chikowore, Shukri Mohamed, FRED S SARFO, Rufus O Akinyemi, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin Osaigbovo, Godwin Ogbole, Hemant K Tiwari, Joshua Akinyemi, Adekunle Fakunle, Ezinne Uvere, Abiodun Adeoye, Daniel T Lackland, Donna K Arnett, Bruce Ovbiagele, Michèle Ramsay, and Mayowa Owolabi
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Internal Medicine - Abstract
Background: The association of vegetable consumption with hypertension remains poorly described in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the relationship between vegetable consumption and hypertension among indigenous Africans. Methods: We harmonized data on the frequency of vegetable consumption (servings/week) and hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg or previous diagnosis or use of antihypertensive medications) from 16,445 participants across five African countries (Ghana, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa) from the SIREN and AWI-Gen studies. Using the recommendation of at least five servings/day (35 servings/week) adapted from the World Health Organization recommendations, and vegetable consumption was classified as 'inadequate' (P Results: The mean age of participants was 53.0±10.7years, 45.9% (7,552 of 16,445) were males, and 42.9% (7,070 of 16,445) were hypertensives. Adequate vegetable consumption was associated with lower odds of hypertension; OR: 0.86 (95%CI: 0.76, 0.97). The sex-stratified odds was; OR: 0.87 (95%CI: 0.73, 1.02) for females and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.71, 1.00) for males. Conclusion: These findings provide new evidence for promoting regular vegetable consumption in the guidelines for the primary prevention of hypertension among Africans.
- Published
- 2022
24. Abstract P017: Association Of Secondhand Smoke Exposure With Hypertension Among Non-smoking Stroke-free Africans
- Author
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Akinkunmi Okekunle, Osahon Asowata, Onoja Akpa, Adekunle Fakunle, FRED S SARFO, Albert Akpalu, Reginald Obiako, Kolawole Wahab, Godwin Osaigbovo, Lukman Owolabi, Morenikeji Komolafe, Rufus O Akinyemi, Bruce Ovbiagele, and Mayowa Owolabi
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Internal Medicine - Abstract
Background: Secondhand smoking (SHS) is the exposure to smoke arising from a burning cigarette or exhaled by a smoker. It is a significant public health problem worldwide and whether it is associated with hypertension, particularly among Africans, is yet to be clearly understood. This study evaluated the relationship between SHS and hypertension among stroke-free adults who are non-smokers in the Stroke Investigation Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study. Methods: We identified 3905 adults (≥18years who had never smoked) in the SIREN study conducted in Ghana and Nigeria. Participants reported a history of SHS exposure in an indoor environment. Hypertension was defined as one of the following conditions; mean SBP≥140mmHg, DBP≥90mmHg or use of antihypertensive medications. Logistic regression was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension by SHS exposure at a two-sided P Results: Overall, mean age was 55.8±14.9years, 18.2% (712 of 3905) had SHS exposure, with a higher proportion among males 20.0% (360 of 1803) than females 16.7% (352 of 2102). SHS was associated with higher odds of having hypertension in the overall population; OR: 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0, 1.5) among females; OR: 1.6 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.1), but not among males; OR: 0.9 (95%CI: 0.7, 1.2). Conclusion: SHS was associated with higher odds of hypertension, particularly among females in this sample. The viability of public interventions in mitigating the potential effect of SHS cannot be underestimated in managing the hypertension burden among Africans, pending longitudinal studies to establish causal associations between SHS and hypertension.
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- 2022
25. First documented case of thrombolysis in a teaching hospital in Ghana: challenges to early intervention in acute infarctive stroke in developing countries
- Author
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F. Duodu, Prince Pekyi-Boateng, Babbel Agbinko-Djobalar, David Brodie Mends, Kodwo Nkromah, Patrick Adjei, and Albert Akpalu
- Abstract
Background We report a case of an elderly woman who developed an Ischemic stroke. Thrombolytic therapy was successful as evidenced by functional and neurological improvement. This is the first well-documented case of such intervention in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Stroke unit. Case Information: Our patient is a 64-year-old woman who is known to have hypertension and diabetes. She had been relatively well until she developed an ischemic stroke. Five days prior to this, she had experienced two episodes of Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA). Thrombolytic therapy was successful with Tenecteplase given at 4.5 hours post-episode. MRS (Modified Ranking Scale) and NHISS (National Health Institute of Stroke Scale) pre thrombolysis were 4 and 10 respectively. NHISS 2hrs post thrombolysis was 4. MRS and NHISS 24hrs post thrombolysis were 0 and 1 respectively. We sought to identify why only a few cases of thrombolytic therapies are carried out in developing countries, and we found that the strict eligibility for the initiation of therapy was the main barrier. Conclusion In acute infarctive stroke management, intervention is time-dependent, as thrombolysis has been shown to prevent permanent disability if instituted early enough. We believe that many more individuals may benefit from thrombolytic therapy if more studies are carried out with systematic reviews of case reports and research, factoring in key challenges met in middle to low-income countries.
- Published
- 2022
26. Legal Implications of Stroke Biobanking and Genomics Research in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Author
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Muyiwa, Adigun, Babatunde Raphael, Ojebuyi, Joshua, Akinyemi, Kolawole, Wahab, Albert, Akpalu, Fred S, Sarfo, Lukman F, Owolabi, Rabiu, Musbahu, Abiodun, Bello, Reginald, Obiako, Mayowa, Ogunronbi, Arti, Singh, Michelle, Nichols, Carolyn, Jenkins, Ayodele, Jegede, Rajesh, Kalaria, Mayowa, Owolabi, Bruce, Ovbiagele, Oyedunni, Arulogun, and Rufus, Akinyemi
- Subjects
Stroke ,Humans ,Genomics ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Biological Specimen Banks - Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and genetic factors appear to play a part. This has led to stroke biobanking and genomics research in SSA. Existing stroke studies have focused on causes, incidence rates, fatalities and effects. However, scant attention has been paid to the legal issues in stroke biobanking and genomics research in the sub-region. Therefore, this article examines the legal implications of stroke biobanking and genomics research in SSA. The article adopts a textual analysis of primary and secondary sources in law. It reports that there are laws from the perspectives of human right, the common law, and intellectual property. However, there are gaps to be filled. The article therefore argues for legislative intervention. It concludes that pending the time the statute will be enacted, genomics researchers in Africa should adopt the ethical guidelines prepared by Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3 Africa).
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- 2022
27. Guillain-Barre syndrome and pulmonary embolism in an adult female with COVID-19 infection in Ghana: A case report
- Author
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Eugene Tetteh-Wayoe, Fiifi Duodu, Prince Kwabla Pekyi-Boateng, Nana Boakye Agyeman Badu, Albert Akpalu, and Patrick Adjei
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
28. DETERMINANTS OF STROKE MORTALITY AMONG WEST AFRICANS: FINDINGS FROM THE SIREN STUDY
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Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Onoja Matthew Akpa, Osahon Jeffery Asowata, Joshua Akinyemi, Adekunle Fakunle, Godwin Ogbole, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Godwin Osaigbovo, Lukman Owolabi, Rufus Akinyemi, Bruce Ovbiagele, and Mayowa Owolabi
- Subjects
Rehabilitation ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
29. COMMUNICATING ELSI ISSUES IN NEUROBIOBANKING AND STROKE GENOMIC RESEARCH IN AFRICA: PROJECT INTERVENTION TOOLS DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION PROCEDURES
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Babatunde R. Ojebuyi, Ibukun Afolami, Muyiwa Adigun, Arti Singh, Carolyn Jenkins, Michelle Nichols, Kolawole Wahab, Abiodun Bello, Fred S. Sarfo, Lukman F. Owolabi, Rabiu Musbahu, Reginald Obiako, Albert Akpalu, Mayowa Ogunronbi, Olorunyomi Olorunsogbon, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Deborah Adesina, Nathaniel Coleman, Abdullateef G. Sule, Aliyu Mande, Muhammed Uthman, Musibau Titiloye, Ezinne Uvere, Odunola Bukola, Sylvia Melikam, Ruth Laryea, Adekunle Fakunle, Osi Adeleye, Nathaniel Mensah, Jibril Yusuf, Sunday Adeniyi, Shadrack Asibey, Lanre Omotoso, Lois Melikam, Dorcas Olujobi, Wisdom Oguike, Joshua Akinyemi, Ayodele Jegede, Rajesh Kalaria, Bruce Ovbiagele, Mayowa Owolabi, Oyedunni Arulogun, and Rufus Akinyemi
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Rehabilitation ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
30. PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF STROKE RECURRENCE IN GHANA AND NIGERIA
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Osahon Jeffery Asowata, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Onoja Matthew Akpa, Joshua Akinyemi, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Adekunle G. Fakunle, Godwin Ogbole, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Godwin Osaigbovo, Lukman Owolabi, Rufus Akinyemi, Mayowa Owolabi, and Bruce Ovbiagele
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Rehabilitation ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
31. THE LEVEL OF STROKE SEVERITY AMONGST EARLY AND LATE PRESENTERS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES DURING A 30-DAY PERIOD IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN GHANA
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F. Duodu, D. Brodie Mends, P. Pekyi-Boateng, B. Agbinko-Djobalar, J. Abugre, P. Adjei, A Akpalu, and K Nkromah
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Rehabilitation ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
32. TIME TO CT SCAN IMAGING AFTER SYMPTOM ONSET AMONG ISCHEAMIC STROKE PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A QUATERNARY HOSPITAL IN GHANA
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F. Duodu, D. Brodie Mends, B. Agbinko-Djobalar, P. Pekyi-Boateng, M. Amerwornu, P Adjei, A Akpalu, and K Nkromah
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Rehabilitation ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
33. Psychological comorbidities in epilepsy: a cross-sectional survey among Ghanaian epilepsy patients
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Albert Akpalu, Peter Puplampu, Vincent Ganu, Sammy Ohene, Patrick Adjei, Elvis T. Aboagye, Stella Nartey, Kodwo Nkromah, and Kenneth Ayuurebobi Ae-Ngibise
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Epilepsy ,affective disorders ,business.industry ,Cross-sectional study ,prevalence ,anxiety ,medicine.disease ,Psychoticism ,Brief Symptom Inventory ,medicine ,Etiology ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Generalized epilepsy ,business ,Psychiatry ,Somatization ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy patients at the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital, Accra, Ghana.Design: The study design was a cross-sectional surveySetting: The study was conducted at the Neurology Clinic of the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-nBu Teaching hospital, Accra, Ghana.Participants: A total of one hundred and sixty-six patients diagnosed with epilepsy aged at least 18 years and accessing services at the neurology clinic participated in the study.Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders among patients diagnosed with epilepsy using the Brief Symptom Inventory.Results: The mean age for onset of epilepsy was 20.1 ± 16.9 years, and generalized epilepsy (73.2%) was the major type of epilepsy identified. The aetiology of the epilepsy condition was unknown in most patients (71.1%). The estimated mean Brief Symptom Inventory scores in all the nine diagnostic psychiatry characteristics (Depression, Anxiety, Somatization, Hostility, Phobic Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Psychoticism, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Paranoid Ideation) were higher in the epilepsy patients compared to the normative data scores for non-patients. Global Severity Index scores for females were significantly higher (p=0.002) than the scores for males on all the psychological outcomes except hostility.Conclusion: Psychological disorders were prevalent among epilepsy patients, with females more likely to experience psychological problems than males. The findings call for a holistic approach in managing epilepsy to highlight and manage some exceptional psychological comorbidities.
- Published
- 2021
34. Differential associations between pre-diabetes, diabetes and stroke occurrence among West Africans
- Author
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Fred Stephen Sarfo, Bruce Ovbiagele, Joshua Akinyemi, Onoja Akpa, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Godwin Ogbole, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin Osaigbovo, Carolyn Jenkins, Adekunle Fakunle, Abiodun Adeoye, Dan Lackland, Donna Arnett, Hemant K. Tiwari, Taiwo Olunuga, Ezinne Uvere, Bimbo Fawale, Okechukwu Ogah, Atinuke Agunloye, Moyinoluwalogo Faniyan, Samuel Diala, Oladele Yinka, Ruth Laryea, Adeleye Osimhiarherhuo, Cynthia Akinsanya, Adeniyi Abdulwasiu, Josephine Akpalu, Oyedunni Arulogun, Lambert Appiah, Hamisu Dambatta, Balogun Olayemi, Akinola Onasanya, Sulaiman Isah, Rufus Akinyemi, and Mayowa Owolabi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Blood Glucose ,Adolescent ,Rehabilitation ,Middle Aged ,Prediabetic State ,Stroke ,Risk Factors ,Case-Control Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Female ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Aged ,Ischemic Stroke - Abstract
There are limited data from Africa on the burden and associations between pre-diabetes (pre-DM), diabetes mellitus (DM) and stroke occurrence in a region experiencing a profound rise in stroke burden.To characterize the associations between stroke and dysglycemic status among West Africans.The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Cases include adults aged ≥18 years with clinical and radiological evidence of an acute stroke. Controls were age-and-gender matched stroke-free adults. Detailed evaluations for vascular factors were performed. Pre-diabetes was defined as HBA1c of 5.7%-6.4% or Fasting blood glucose (FBG) 5.6-7.0 mmol/L and DM as HBA1c6.5% or FBG7.0 mmol/L. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% Confidence Interval.Among 2,935 stroke cases the mean age was 60.0 ± 14.2 years with 55.2% being males. By glycemic status, 931 (31.7%) were euglycemic, 633 (21.6%) had Pre-diabetes and 1371 (46.7%) had DM. Of the age- and sex-matched stroke-free controls 69.2% were euglycemic, 13.3% had pre-DM and 17.5% had DM. Pre-DM [aOR (95% CI): 3.68(2.61-5.21)] and DM [4.29 (3.19-5.74)] were independently associated with stroke. The aOR of Pre-DM for ischemic stroke 3.06 (2.01-4.64)] was lower than 4.82 (3.37-6.89) for DM. However, the aOR of Pre-DM for hemorrhagic stroke 6.81 (95% CI: 3.29 - 14.08)] was higher than 3.36 (1.94-5.86) for DM. Furthermore, the aOR of pre-DM for ischemic stroke subtypes were 9.64 (1.30-71.57) for cardio-embolic stroke, 3.64 (1.80-7.34) for small-vessel occlusive disease and 4.63 (0.80-26.65) for large-vessel disease.Pre-DM is strongly and independently associated with stroke in Africans. Improving glycemic control through screening, healthy lifestyle and pharmacotherapy at a population level may be strategic in reducing the rising burden of stroke in Africa.
- Published
- 2022
35. Case Report: Paucisymptomatic College-Age Population as a Reservoir for Potentially Neutralization-Resistant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants
- Author
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Joshua Hill, Matthew A Stull, Andrew Hillhouse, Charles D. Johnson, Wesley A. Brashear, Jennifer A Shuford, Benjamin W. Neuman, Melissa Kahl-McDonagh, Marcel Brun, Yao Akpalu, Sankar P. Chaki, David W. Threadgill, Kurt Zuelke, Sierra J Guidry, Allison C. Rice-Ficht, Tiffany A Skaggs, Richard P. Metz, and Rebecca S. B. Fischer
- Subjects
Adult ,Lineage (genetic) ,Universities ,Population ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Genome ,Article ,Neutralization ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,Neutralization Tests ,law ,Virology ,Humans ,Students ,education ,Disease Reservoirs ,Whole genome sequencing ,Disease surveillance ,education.field_of_study ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Infectious Diseases ,Mutation ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Recombinant DNA ,Parasitology - Abstract
To better understand the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant lineage distribution in a college campus population, we carried out viral genome surveillance over a 7-week period from January to March 2021. Among the sequences were three novel viral variants: BV-1 with a B.1.1.7/20I genetic background and an additional spike mutation Q493R, associated with a mild but longer-than-usual COVID-19 case in a college-age person, BV-2 with a T478K mutation on a 20B genetic background, and BV-3, an apparent recombinant lineage. This work highlights the potential of an undervaccinated younger population as a reservoir for the spread and generation of novel variants. This also demonstrates the value of whole genome sequencing as a routine disease surveillance tool.
- Published
- 2021
36. Radiotherapy for adults with pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma is associated with increased risk of second brain tumour : A multi-centre study of 3,613 patients with long-term imaging surveillance
- Author
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Ross Hamblin, Ashley Vardon, Josephine Akpalu, Metaxia Tampourlou, Ioannis Spiliotis, Emilia Sbardella, Julie Lynch, Vani Shankaran, Akash Mavilakandy, Irene Gagliardi, Sara Meade, Claire Hobbs, Alison Cameron, Miles J Levy, John Ayuk, Ashley Grossman, Maria Rosaria Ambrosio, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Narendra Reddy, Karin Bradley, Robert Murray, Aparna Pal, and Niki Karavitaki
- Published
- 2022
37. Cover Image
- Author
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Sarah A. Hamer, Ria R. Ghai, Italo B. Zecca, Lisa D. Auckland, Christopher M. Roundy, Edward Davila, Rachel E. Busselman, Wendy Tang, Alex Pauvolid‐Corrêa, Mary Lea Killian, Melinda Jenkins‐Moore, Mia Kim Torchetti, Suelee Robbe Austerman, Ailam Lim, Yao Akpalu, Rebecca S. B. Fischer, Casey Barton Behravesh, and Gabriel L. Hamer
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,General Medicine - Published
- 2022
38. Dementia in Africa: Current evidence, knowledge gaps, and future directions
- Author
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Akinyemi, Rufus O, Yaria, Joseph, Ojagbemi, Akin, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Okubadejo, Njideka, Njamnshi, Alfred K, Sarfo, Fred S, Akpalu, Albert, Ogbole, Godwin, Ayantayo, Temitayo, Adokonou, Thierry, Paddick, Stella-Maria, Ndetei, David, Bosche, Judith, Ayele, Biniyam, Damas, Andrea, Coker, Motunrayo, Mbakile-Mahlanza, Lingani, Ranchod, Kirti, Bobrow, Kirsten, Anazodo, Udunna, Damasceno, Albertino, Seshadri, Sudha, Pericak-Vance, Margaret, Lawlor, Brian, Miller, Bruce L, Owolabi, Mayowa, Baiyewu, Olusegun, Walker, Richard, Gureje, Oye, Kalaria, Rajesh N, Ogunniyi, Adesola, and African Dementia Consortium (AfDC)
- Subjects
Aging ,Genotype ,precision medicine ,Apolipoprotein E4 ,Clinical Sciences ,consortium ,Neurodegenerative ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Alzheimer Disease ,Clinical Research ,Vascular ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Genetics ,Humans ,neuropathology. biomarkers ,genetics ,Aged ,African Dementia Consortium ,neuropathology ,Neurosciences ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,biomarkers ,vascular dementia ,Alzheimer's disease ,Brain Disorders ,Good Health and Well Being ,Geriatrics ,Africa ,Neurological ,Dementia ,epidemiology ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,dementia - Abstract
In tandem with the ever-increasing aging population in low and middle-income countries, the burden of dementia is rising on the African continent. Dementia prevalence varies from 2.3% to 20.0% and incidence rates are 13.3 per 1000 person-years with increasing mortality in parts of rapidly transforming Africa. Differences in nutrition, cardiovascular factors, comorbidities, infections, mortality, and detection likely contribute to lower incidence. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated neurocognitive disorders are the most common dementia subtypes. Comprehensive longitudinal studies with robust methodology and regional coverage would provide more reliable information. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is most studied but has shown differential effects within African ancestry compared to Caucasian. More candidate gene and genome-wide association studies are needed to relate to dementia phenotypes. Validated culture-sensitive cognitive tools not influenced by education and language differences are critically needed for implementation across multidisciplinary groupings such as the proposed African Dementia Consortium.
- Published
- 2022
39. Factors associated with hypertension among stroke‐free indigenous Africans: Findings from the SIREN study
- Author
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Morenikeji A. Komolafe, Daniel T. Lackland, Lukman Owolabi, Mayowa Aridegbe, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Bimbo Fawale, Osahon J Asowata, Isah Suleiman Yahaya, Adekunle Fakunle, Moyinoluwalogo Faniyan, Onoja Akpa, A. O. Olaleye, Dambatta A Hamisu, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Godwin Ogbole, Ezinne Uvere, Osimhiarherhuo Adeleye, Albert Akpalu, Reginald Obiako, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Christianah M Asaleye, Kolawole Wahab, Taiwo Olunuga, Cynthia O Akisanya, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Luqman Ogunjimi, Okechukwu S Ogah, Rufus Akinyemi, and Bruce Ovbiagele
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,hypertension ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Nigeria ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Logistic regression ,Ghana ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sub‐Saharan Africa ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family history ,education ,Hypertension in Africa ,Stroke ,Original Paper ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Blood pressure ,physical inactivity ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) globally. Understanding risk factors for hypertension among individuals with matching characteristics with stroke patients may inform primordial/primary prevention of hypertension and stroke among them. This study identified the risk factors for hypertension among community‐dwelling stroke‐free population in Ghana and Nigeria. Data for 4267 community‐dwelling stroke‐free controls subjects in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) study in Nigeria and Ghana were used. Participants were comprehensively assessed for sociodemographic, lifestyle and metabolic factors using standard methods. Hypertension was defined as a previous diagnosis by a health professional or use of an anti‐hypertensive drug or mean systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of hypertension and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) at p
- Published
- 2021
40. Are there differences in perceptions, preferences and attitudes towards disclosure of genetic testing for Stroke? A qualitative study among stroke-free SIREN-SIBS genomics study participants
- Author
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Oyedunni Arulogun, Michelle Nichols, Carolyn Jenkins, Adekunle Gregory Fakunle, Onoja Akpa, Fred S. Sarfo, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Reginald Obiako, Morenikeji Komolafe, Lukman Owolabi, Godwin O. Osaigbovo, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Joshua Akinyemi, Godwin Ogbole, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Adeniji Adeleye, Yaw Mensah, Osahon Jeffery Asowata, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Lambert Appiah, Arti Singh, Philip Adebayo, Donna Arnett, Hemant K. Tiwari, Daniel Lackland, Philip Ibinaiye, Wisdom Oguike, Chimdinma Melikam, Adeniyi Sunday, Abiodun Bello, Okechukwu Ogah, Rufus Akinyemi, Bruce Ovbiagele, and Mayowa Owolabi
- Subjects
Rehabilitation ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
41. Mulching and Irrigation Practices on Cocoa Seedling Survival and Field Establishment
- Author
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G. K. Ofosu-Budu, F. K. Kumaga, E. Oppong-Danso, M. M. Akpalu, and K. Ofori
- Subjects
Irrigation ,biology ,Soil Science ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Husk ,Point of delivery ,Agronomy ,Seedling ,Yield (wine) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Leaf number ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Water content ,Mulch ,Food Science ,Mathematics - Abstract
Irrigation experiments of cocoa tend to concentrate on yield of matured cocoa trees compared to field establishment of young seedlings. Seedling survival leading to optimum population density are fundamental to obtaining maximum yield of crops. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of mulching and irrigation on survival of hybrid cocoa clone raised in three different growing media during the establishment phase. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a split-split plot design, with irrigation as the main plot factor, mulching as the subplot factor and growing media as the sub-sub plot factor with three replications. Cocoa pod husk (CPH) was used as the mulching material and each plant received 5kg at a rate of 5.6 t/ha. Irrigation was done daily by applying 4L of water except when it rains. Data was collected on soil moisture, plant height, leaf number, stem girth and plant survival. Results indicated that irrigation and mulching significantly (P
- Published
- 2020
42. Developing stroke care services in west Africa
- Author
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Lucy, Sykes, Albert, Akpalu, Clare, Gordon, Liz, Cullen, Claire, Fullbrook-Scanlon, and Louise, Johnson
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Stroke ,Africa, Western ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) - Published
- 2022
43. Author Correction: Financing a sustainable ocean economy
- Author
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U. Rashid Sumaila, Melissa Walsh, Kelly Hoareau, Anthony Cox, Louise Teh, Patrízia Abdallah, Wisdom Akpalu, Zuzy Anna, Dominique Benzaken, Beatrice Crona, Timothy Fitzgerald, Louise Heaps, Ibrahim Issifu, Katia Karousakis, Glenn Marie Lange, Amanda Leland, Dana Miller, Karen Sack, Durreen Shahnaz, Torsten Thiele, Niels Vestergaard, Nobuyuki Yagi, and Junjie Zhang
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2022
44. Risk of second brain tumour after radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 3679 patients with long-term imaging surveillance
- Author
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Ross Hamblin, Ashley Vardon, Josephine Akpalu, Metaxia Tampourlou, Ioannis Spiliotis, Emilia Sbardella, Julie Lynch, Vani Shankaran, Akash Mavilakandy, Irene Gagliardi, Sara Meade, Claire Hobbs, Alison Cameron, Miles J Levy, John Ayuk, Ashley Grossman, Maria Rosaria Ambrosio, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Narendra Reddy, Karin Bradley, Robert D Murray, Aparna Pal, and Niki Karavitaki
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Adult ,Cohort Studies ,Craniopharyngioma ,Endocrinology ,Brain Neoplasms ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Radiotherapy is a valuable treatment in the management algorithm of pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas. However, the risk of second brain tumour following radiotherapy is a major concern. We assessed this risk using non-irradiated patients with the same primary pathology and imaging surveillance as controls.In this multicentre, retrospective cohort study, 4292 patients with pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma were identified from departmental registries at six adult endocrine centres (Birmingham, Oxford, Leeds, Leicester, and Bristol, UK and Ferrara, Italy). Patients with insufficient clinical data, known genetic predisposition to or history of brain tumour before study entry (n=532), and recipients of proton beam or stereotactic radiotherapy (n=81) were excluded. Data were analysed for 996 patients exposed to 2-dimensional radiotherapy, 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, or intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and compared with 2683 controls.Over 45 246 patient-years, second brain tumours were reported in 61 patients (seven malignant [five radiotherapy, two controls], 54 benign [25 radiotherapy, 29 controls]). Radiotherapy exposure and older age at pituitary tumour detection were associated with increased risk of second brain tumour. Rate ratio for irradiated patients was 2·18 (95% CI 1·31-3·62, p0·0001). Cumulative probability of second brain tumour was 4% for the irradiated and 2·1% for the controls at 20 years.Irradiated adults with pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma are at increased risk of second brain tumours, although this risk is considerably lower than previously reported in studies using general population controls with no imaging surveillance. Our data clarify an important clinical question and guide clinicians when counselling patients with pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma on the risks and benefits of radiotherapy.Pfizer.
- Published
- 2022
45. The Impact of Training and Development on the Performance of Academic Staff in Technical Universities in Ghana [A Conceptual Paper]
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Vivian Louise Akpalu and Mohd Nasir B. Markom
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- 2022
46. Effects of Faidherbia albida on some important soil fertility indicators on agroforestry parklands in the semi-arid zone of Ghana
- Author
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Stephen Edem Akpalu, Akwasi A. Abunyewa, and Evans Dawoe
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Wet season ,biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Soil carbon ,Mineralization (soil science) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Plant litter ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Faidherbia albida ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A study was conducted in the Guinea and Sudan Savannah zones in the Upper East Region of Ghana to investigate the effects of Faidherbia albida on some important soil fertility indicators. Soil sampling and analysis, litter trap, and litter bag techniques were employed to determine the soil’s content of major nutrients, the rate of litterfall production and litter decomposition, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine differences among treatment means, while Tukey’s highest significant difference (HSD) was used to perform post hoc tests among means within the same sample set. Soils under F. albida tree canopies were found to contain significantly higher organic carbon and total nitrogen than those outside the canopies. Peak leaf litter production occurred during the first three months of the onset of the rainy season. Annual leaf litterfall was 340 g m-2 year-1 in the Guinea Savannah zone and 264 g m-2 year-1 in the Sudan Savannah zone. The high leaf litterfall, followed by high decomposition and mineralization at the beginning of the cropping season, the high nutrient content of its leaves, coupled with its nitrogen fixing ability, make F. albida a potential candidate for soil improvement and improved productivity of major crops in smallholder farming systems. About 37 and 59 adult F. albida trees will be required to supply significant amounts of nitrogen in the Guinea and Sudan Savannah zones, respectively. Key words: Litter bag technique, litter decomposition, litter fall, litter trap technique, soil organic carbon, soil
- Published
- 2020
47. Conceptual framework for establishing the African Stroke Organization
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P Adebayo, R Melifonwu, Sarah Belson, Alfred K. Njamnshi, Richard Walker, Albertino Damasceno, Michael Brainin, C Napon, G Scola, P Barasukan, S Zimba, Njideka U Okubadejo, PM Ossou-Nguiet, Rajesh N. Kalaria, Kolawole Wahab, K Hamzat, MB Mateus, Julius A Ogeng'o, K Bateman, M Belo, Albert Akpalu, Biniyam A. Ayele, Rufus Akinyemi, G Ekeng, Y Ogun, Bruce Ovbiagele, Godwin Ogbole, DC Vaz, Ikenna O Onwuekwe, A. Charway‐Felli, Amadou Gallo Diop, P Francis, Stephen M. Davis, Adesola Ogunniyi, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Oyedunni Arulogun, Foad Abd-Allah, J Ademokoya, Peter Sandercock, Fred Stephen Sarfo, AA Ebenezer, and Pamela Naidoo
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Gerontology ,Organizations ,Capacity Building ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.disease ,Article ,Clinical neurology ,Stroke ,Neurology ,Conceptual framework ,Perception ,Africa ,medicine ,Humans ,Lifetime risk ,business ,media_common ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
Africa is the world’s most genetically diverse, second largest, and second most populous continent, with over one billion people distributed across 54 countries. With a 23% lifetime risk of stroke, Africa has some of the highest rates of stroke worldwide and many occur in the prime of life with huge economic losses and grave implications for the individual, family, and the society in terms of mental capital, productivity, and socioeconomic progress. Tackling the escalating burden of stroke in Africa requires prioritized, multipronged, and inter-sectoral strategies tailored to the unique African epidemiological, cultural, socioeconomic, and lifestyle landscape. The African Stroke Organization (ASO) is a new pan-African coalition that brings together stroke researchers, clinicians, and other health-care professionals with participation of national and regional stroke societies and stroke support organizations. With a vision to reduce the rapidly increasing burden of stroke in Africa, the ASO has a four-pronged focus on (1) research, (2) capacity building, (3) development of stroke services, and (4) collaboration with all stakeholders. This will be delivered through advocacy, awareness, and empowerment initiatives to bring about people-focused changes in policy, clinical practice, and public education. In the spirit of the African philosophy of Ubuntu “I am because we are,” the ASO will harness the power of diversity, inclusiveness, togetherness, and team work to build a strong, enduring, and impactful platform for tackling stroke in Africa.
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- 2020
48. Effects of Boiled Water Pre-Sowing Treatment on the Germination and Early Growth Performance of Faidherbia albida in Three Ecological Zones of Ghana
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Stephen Edem Akpalu, Akwasi Adutwum Abunyewa, and Evans Lawrence Dawoe
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Agronomy ,biology ,Germination ,Faidherbia albida ,General Engineering ,Sowing ,Dormancy ,Imbibition ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
Aims: To identify an appropriate boiled water pre-sowing treatment regime for improved germination, survival and early growth performance of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev., in three ecological zones of Ghana. Study Design: The design was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) in three replicates, where the three different ecological zones were considered as blocks. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bolgatanga (Guinea Savannah Zone), Abofuor (Forest-Savannah Transitional Zone), and Kumasi-Mesewam (Moist Semi-deciduous Forest Zone) between April 2017 and April 2018. Methodology: Matured seeds of F. albida were harvested, dried and cleaned. For each treatment replicate, one hundred F. albida seeds were immersed in boiled water (100ºC) for 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 seconds and then, soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours. Seeds were then sown in drills on well prepared seed beds, and then observed for germination. Watering was done to keep the soil moist until the onset of germination. Results: There were significant interactive effects between ecological zones and pre-sowing treatments with respect to Final germination percentage (P
- Published
- 2019
49. Sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors for obesity among community-dwelling older adults in Ghana and Nigeria: A secondary analysis of data from the SIREN study
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Ezinne Uvere, Adekunle Fakunle, Albert Akpalu, Godwin Ogbole, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Atinuke M Agunloye, Morenikeji A. Komolafe, Onoja Akpa, Reginald Obiako, Carolyn Jenkins, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Adeoye Abiodun, Kolawole Wahab, Bimbo Fawale, Rufus Akinyemi, Bruce Ovbiagele, Lukman Owolabi, and Joshua O. Akinyemi
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Waist ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Overweight ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Confidence interval ,Siren (codec) ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Abdominal obesity ,Demography - Abstract
Objectives To explore the prevalence and risk factors of obesity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This is a secondary analysis of data obtained from the SIREN study through in-person interviews and measurements from healthy stroke-free older adults (≥60 years). Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of >0.90 for males and >0.85/females or waist circumference (WC) of >102 cm for males/>88 cm for females. Adjusted odds ratio (aORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) of the relationship between obesity and sociodemographic factors were assessed at P Results Overall, 47.5% of participants were overweight/obese, 76.6% had a larger than recommended WHR, and 54.4% had a larger than recommended WC. Abdominal obesity (WC; aOR: 9.43, CI: 6.99–12.50), being a Nigerian (aOR: 0.55; CI: 0.42–0.72), living in an urban setting (aOR: 1.92; CI: 1.49–2.46 ), earning >$100/month (aOR: 1.53; CI: 1.19–1.96), and having formal education (aOR: 1.42; CI: 1.08–1.87) were associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion Living in urban settings, earning a higher income, and having a formal education were associated with a higher odds of obesity among older adults from LMICs.
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- 2021
50. Is radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma associated with increased risk of second brain tumour? A long-term multi-centre study of 3,679 patients
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Ross Hamblin, Akash Mavilakandy, Ioannis Spiliotis, Miles Levy, Alison Cameron, Ashley Vardon, Robert D Murray, Claire Hobbs, Ambrosio Maria Rosaria, Ashley Grossman, Aparna Pal, Karin Bradley, Julie Lynch, Irene Gagliardi, Josephine Akpalu, Narendra Reddy, Niki Karavitaki, Vani Shankaran, Sara Meade, Zatelli Maria Chiara, Emilia Sbardella, and Metaxia Tampourlou
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Radiation therapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Increased risk ,Pituitary adenoma ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Radiology ,Multi centre ,medicine.disease ,business ,Craniopharyngioma ,Term (time) - Published
- 2021
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