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Мета роботи: полягає у висвітленні тих складових національної сфери економіки, котрі беруть безпосередню участь у забезпеченні потреб сектору безпеки та оборони держави та, на основі отриманих результатів, не тільки надати можливий алгоритм оцінювання поточного рівня оборонної достатності, а й привести до відома читачів основні дефініції його обрахування. Метод дослідження: основними методами дослідження є емпіричний метод (спостереження) та елементарний теоретичний аналіз і синтез. Результати дослідження: в даній роботі за допомогою буквених виразів наведено можливий підхід до оцінювання рівня оборонної достатності держави з урахуванням частин сфер національної економіки, що приймають безпосередню участь у визначенні можливостей задоволення потреб сектору безпеки та оборони країни, а, також, для систематизації даних щодо оцінювання рівня поточної оборонної достатності держав та його складових, за поглядами авторів, наведений відповідний алгоритм. Теоретична цінність дослідження: полягає у спробі авторів звернути увагу широкого кола читачів на важливість визначення поточного рівня оборонної достатності як важливого індикатору стану національної безпеки держави, а також запропонувати можливий алгоритм його розрахунку на основі оцінок його основних складових. Тип статті: описовий та розрахунково-аналітичний.

The subject of work is trademarks that contradict the principles of humanity and morality as a phenomenon: their existence in the commercial environment, the attitude towards them in legislation and society, a typical characteristic. The relevance of the study is due to the dual position of such names: on the one hand, the characteristic “contradiction to public interests, principles of humanity and morality” serves as a good reason for refusing state registration of a mark, on the other hand, such names are found in many not only in the commercial environment, but also in the legal field. The purpose of the study is to characterize the degree of prevalence of such designations, as well as to assess the attitude of native speakers of the Russian language to such nominations (aesthetic and commercial attractiveness). The main research method is an experiment (survey). According to the results of experiment, it is proved that designations with a pronounced “indecent” meaning are the least aesthetically and commercially attractive for the majority of potential buyers of goods/services. The conclusion is made about the relativity of the norms of domestic legislation in the field of registration and functioning of means of individualization of enterprises, goods and services: due to the lack of clear criteria for “contradiction to the principles of humanity and morality”, registration may be denied to designations harmless from the point of view of buyers, and the designation in which the majority of native speakers reads an immoral message receives state registration.

The purpose of the work is to create a drought-resistant, highly productive variety of winter triticale for the arid conditions of the Volga region. The article presents the main methods of creating and studying a new variety of winter hexaploid triticale Zubr. Breeding work on the creation of variety Zubr was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization “Federal Center of Agriculture Research of South-East Region”. The variety was selected by the method of intervarietal hybridization within the genus Triticale, followed by a single individual selection from hybrid population F7 Strelez /Student. The characteristics of the variety according to the most important economically valuable traits are given in comparison with the varieties Student and Valentin 90, approved for the use in the 8th region of the Russian Federation of the state register of breeding achievements. Grain can be used for animal feed in the form of fodder. The increase in grain yield to the standard variety Student on average over the years of study was 9.6 c/ha and to the Valentin 90 – 2.0 c/ha. The high yield of the variety is formed due to the high mass of 1000 grains, the number and weight of grain per spike as main characteristics in the breeding for drought resistance. The laboratory study also confirmed the high drought resistance of the Zubr variety. Cell membrane permeability, as an indirect indicator of drought resistance, had the lowest value in the new cultivar among 70 samples of the world collection. The new variety forms the completed grain (actual weight is 722g/l). The new cultivar and standards did not differ in the crude protein content in the grain (13.3-13.4%). In terms of the fall number, as an indirect indicator of resistance to pre-harvest grain germination, the new variety is inferior to standard varieties.

Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) is a hybridized grain crop developed from wheat and rye crossings. Today, triticale is a multipurpose commercial grain crop with great potential as a human food and animal feed. The sown area of the new grain crop in the world reached 4 million hectares in 2018, grain production was about 14 million tons. The current climate change, the rapid evolution of pathogens, as well as the requirements of the modern market dictate the necessity for accelerated development of varieties while reducing the cost of their development. The production of double haploids makes it possible to reduce the time required for the development of homozygous lines by an average of 5–7 years. For the mass production of haploid triticale plants in vitro, there are used two methods, namely anther/microspore culture and distant hybridization followed by selective chromosome elimination of the pollinator. The most critical factors for the success of developing haploids in anther culture are a genotype, growing conditions of donor plants, a microspore development stage, stress effects on heads or anthers, and a nutrient media. Among the unresolved problems of the method are a genotypic dependence, a high incidence of albinism and a presence of aneuploids in the androgenic plant progeny. The rye genome is more often involved in chromosomal transformations than the wheat genome. Most aneuploids are nullisomics, most often on the 2R and 5R chromosomes. Nullisomic plants for 2R and 5R chromosomes have fewer number of spikelets per head and fewer number of kernels per head. In order to develop haploids by the method of selective chromosome elimination during distant hybridization, there have been successfully used such grain crops whose pollen is insensitive to Kr-genes, as maize (Zea mays L.) and wild cereal grass ‘Imperata Cylindrical’ (Imperata cylindrical L.). The advantages of the method are less genotypic dependence, absence of albino plants, genetic stability of regenerants, and reduced costs for developing haploid plants. The length of flowering period of ‘Imperata Cylindrical’ and the absence of the need to combine the timing of flowering period of the parents ensure the economy and efficiency of using this species when developing haploid triticale plants. The purpose of the current review was to characterize the methods of mass development of haploid triticale plants, to describe their advantages and disadvantages when being used in the breeding process.

The article considers the problems related to the need to use unmanned submarines for the needs of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the possibility of using the latest information technologies, namely,  study of acoustic means of monitoring physical processes in the marine environment, which are the most effective technologies , which significantly supplement and expand the possibilities of contact methods for measuring environmental indicators in technical solutions for underwater monitoring. Methods of solving the tasks on the basis of optimal use of sonar underwater monitoring are proposed in order to increase the overall sensitivity of the sonar system to the useful signal and reduce the sensitivity to "natural" background or intentional interference by using small multi-beam sonar MEMS technology using. Modular design of underwater robotic vehicles, which are one of the promising areas of development of naval equipment, based on the principle of open architecture involves the construction of their components as integral functional elements of the modular type. Therefore, there is a need to create cheap, easy to manufacture and install small hydroacoustic blocks-modules based on the use of MEMS technology, which reduces the overall cost and increases the survivability of the BPA as a whole. It should be noted that the modular design of underwater robotic vehicles, which are one of the promising areas of development of naval equipment, based on the principle of open architecture involves the construction of their components (basic elements) as integral functional elements of the modular type. It is proposed to use the obtained results in the course of further research within the framework of research and development on the creation of promising mobile unmanned aerial vehicles for underwater monitoring and surveillance. Keywords: unmanned underwater vehicle, robotic search and observation technologies, marine situation, underwater situation, microelectromechanical systems.

The subject of the study is the problems of application of the norms of criminal law stipulating responsibility for environmental crimes against representatives of persons of small indigenous minorities of the North, the essence of which is the conflict between the positive law and the customary law of these peoples. The purpose of the study is to analyze the causes of this conflict, as well as to substantiate the necessity of applying the norms of customary law of indigenous peoples of the North in their criminal prosecution for environmental crimes. As a result of the study, the assumption is made that knowledge of the norms of customary law by law enforcement officials will allow to relieve social tension between the indigenous peoples of the North and the law enforcement agencies. That is why it is necessary to begin work on the formation of a code of customary law, as well as recommendations for its application, which could become a document to be used as a recommendation for law enforcement bodies in their decision-making.

A comprehensive study of the functioning of antioxidant system in rats with rotenone-induced parkinsonism was conducted. The development of pathology led to inhibition of the majority of the studied antioxidant enzymes in the brain and blood serum of animals, which can be associated with decompensation of oxidative stress under conditions of prolonged mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes apparently make an important contribution into neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex and striatum and motor disorders in experimental animals.

The article presents a variant of the procedure for assessing the compliance of the mathematical model of the reliability of anti-aircraft missile warfare equipment with the requirements for mathematical models using the example of the Buk self-propelled fire launcher. Parameters affecting change of serviceability of self-propelled fire plant operation in conditions of combat situation are determined. The use of the Weibull distribution allows, by varying the parameter values, to increase the guarantee of the implemented self-propelled fire plant reliability indicators, stated in technical conditions, during its operation in the troops. If necessary, this model can also take into account factors that arise suddenly, for example, taking into account the staffing of the self-propelled fire plant of the anti-aircraft missile regiment to assess the possible (predicted) value of average daily losses, taking into account various measures to reduce the values of the predicted average daily losses. Values calculated using this model react markedly to changes in model parameters, are set within the specified restrictions. In addition, it is possible to determine the time between failures. The accuracy of the results of calculating certain quantities using the mathematical model was estimated by absolute and relative errors. The calculations indicate the relative simplicity of the mathematical model, because it uses simple mathematical methods. The ability to vary the parameters of scale and shape parameters (taking into account aging), the mathematical model of IED failure makes it possible to obtain individual (partial) results obtained using previously used similar models, which emphasizes the evolution of this model. The improved method of mathematical modeling quite adequately reflects the trouble-free operation of the anti-aircraft missile system "Buk" taking into account the conditions of hostilities and meets the requirements for mathematical models. Keywords: probability of failure-free operation, parameters of mathematical model, combat situation, absolute error, time between failures, average daily combat losses.

Narrative discourse is investigated in clinical and healthy populations. This study explored the discourse strategies used to tell stories, comparing the patterns of people with left- and right-hemisphere brain damage, as well as healthy speakers. We analyzed picture-elicited discourses by four people with aphasia, two people with right hemisphere damage, and four healthy speakers. We examined their microlinguistic properties, as well as macrolinguistic features, such as the discourse production type of utterances and patterns of story component usage. We identified two storytelling strategies used by the speakers: a narrative strategy marked by a prevalence of narrative discourse production type utterances and scarce use of evaluation clauses, and a quasi-narrative strategy with the opposite pattern. These strategies were used by both healthy speakers and participants with brain damage.

An experimental and theoretical study of electrical conductive properties of the vestibular labyrinth tissues is carried out. Using the theory of dynamic systems and experimental data on the measurements of amplitudes of electrical signal at the end of the vestibular nerve, the transfer function of the vestibular labyrinth is calculated and its frequency dependence is investigated. It is shown that the transfer function tends to its asymptotic value with increasing frequency. It is found that the transfer function of the vestibular labyrinth for stimulating impulses emanating from the electrode located in the posterior semicircular canal is significantly less than that for stimulating impulses from electrodes located in the superior and horizontal semicircular canals.

The development of the surface reflection system, based on the principles and standards adopted in NATO member states, envisages modernization of existing and creation of new RTPs of the Ukrainian Navy, equipped with modern weapons and equipment and able to adequately and flexibly respond to threats to the state from the sea. In the structure of maritime information networks, modern shore and ship radars (RADAR / ARPA) provide a significant part of the information content of the relevant databases. For example, the domestic mobile radar station SR-210 («Delta-M»), designed for: observation of the ground, surface and air situation in the area of protection of protected objects; control of ground, surface and airspace in the area of tactical units and control of border, customs and economic zones. The design of the radar provides the possibility of its placement on all classes of mobile and stationary media (including small - off-road cars, armored vehicles, etc.). In the course of research, in order to study the organization of information exchange during the construction of technical subsystems of a promising system for displaying the surface situation, a test software package for obtaining and using navigation («target») data was created. The software package is responsible for displaying and entering information about the positions of ships (own ship, etc.) and available targets on electronic maps. During the research, the OpenCPN software application was chosen as a marine navigation software. It can be used to obtain information about «objects of observation», the location, speed and course of the vessel (ship). Information obtained by radar on the position of ships and their courses can be displayed on an electronic map. In addition, the possibilities of connecting additional equipment to the SR-210 radar and ways to receive ARPA-messages in the NMEA-0183 format from external interfaces were considered, but in the course of research, unfortunately, there was no possibility of practical development of theoretical developments directly on the SR-210 radar. Therefore, a similar radar (RADAR / ARPA) manufactured by FURUNO was used to test certain modes of operation of modern radar facilities for receiving ARPA messages. It should be noted that the radar on the RTP is designed primarily to solve problems of monitoring the surface situation, first of all, to identify and identify targets, determine the parameters of the selected radar targets and their support, as well as provide the necessary data on observed targets to external consumers. Thus, as a result of the analysis and evaluation of the hardware capabilities of modern radars (RADAR/ARPA) and the processes of obtaining relevant ARPA-messages in NMEA-format, it is possible to conclude that they have all the necessary dynamic parameters of the monitored targets. The use of radar as part of the RTP and the creation of an effective system for reflecting the surface situation for the needs of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Keywords: radar means, radio engineering fast, display system, surface situation.

The article presents a method for determining and substantiating the options of the initial data system for assessing the effectiveness against the ship’s defense of the sea coast, taking into account the differences of opinion of experts. Keywords: anti-ship defense, grouping of ships, naval forces.

The main factors determining the threats to Ukraine’s national security from the maritime direction in the part concerning the underwater space within the territorial sea of Ukraine are: increase of naval forces and their armament by other countries of the Black Sea region; presence of territorial claims; unresolved issues regarding the borders of economic maritime zones and the distribution of the continental shelf; economic interests of Ukraine and encroachment on its natural resources; conducting intelligence activities in national waters; terrorism at sea. Comprehensive consideration of threats to the national security of Ukraine provides for the definition of each threat as large as possible its characteristics, which are subject to assessment (measurement) in quantitative or qualitative form. The threat description obtained in this way will be the so-called «Threat Passport». The threat passport is a document in which various data are entered, which comprehensively characterize this or that threat to national security in order to achieve the most complete picture of it. The description of threats to Ukraine’s national security from the maritime direction is proposed to be carried out according to the following characteristics: the formation of the threat (real, potential). Potential threats are understood as such threats, the probability of their practical realization of which is low in the medium term, and real threats are those that already have examples of manifestation, and the probability of their actions is quite high in real time; the nature of the consequences (threat to the vital interests of the state, threat to the important interests of the state, threat to the peripheral interests of the state); scale of consequences (significant, moderate, insignificant, small); sources of origin (international relations, environmental problems, man-made problems); threat orientation (political sphere, military security, state border security, economic sphere, ecological sphere, information sphere); location (external, internal); form of manifestation (overt, covert); types of possible measures to counter the threat (political, diplomatic, economic, legal, military, information and psychological); required types of resources to counter (internal, external). The main tool for comprehensive consideration of threats to Ukraine’s national security from the maritime direction in peacetime in the part concerning the underwater space within the territorial sea of Ukraine is the monitoring of the underwater situation. Keywords: anti-ship defense, grouping of ships, naval forces.

A technology for the manufacture and production of reference material (CRM) of the composition of magnesium alloys of the VML20 and VMD16 grades has been developed. In FSUE «VNIIOFI» tests of CRM material were carried out in order to approve their type, as well as metrological examination. Conclusions were drawn up on checking the results of CRM testing for the composition of the indicated alloys and certificates of type approval of reference materials were issued. CRM sets of the approved type of state standard samples of high-strength magnesium alloys of VML20 and VMD16 grades have a relative error of the certified values of the mass fraction of elements in the range from 0.5 to 5% (by weight) no more than 5% rel.

—The effect of zirconium of the formation of the structure, phase composition, and properties of MA20 and MA22 wrought Mg–Zn–Zr–REM alloys is studied. Zirconium is confirmed to be not only an efficient modifier of the structure of magnesium alloys but also an active phase-forming alloying element. It participates in the formation of nanodispersive intermetallic phases, such as zinc zirconides and zirconium hydrides, which favor an increase in the main mechanical characteristics of magnesium alloys when favorable morphology of phase particles is formed.

Background: Verb and sentence processing impairments are frequently observed in people with aphasia (PWA). However, patterns of impairment (i.e. combinations of deficits that are revealed by arrays of tasks) are usually investigated at the group level, by selecting groups of patients with specific aphasia types (e.g., non-fluent variants with signs of agrammatism), or in case-series with relatively small samples. Aims: We aimed to explore patterns of impairment in verb and sentence processing in a large (N = 54) group of PWA with various aphasia types, using methods that do not require a priori aphasia-type information. Methods & Procedures: To assess verb and sentence processing impairments in production and comprehension, we used the Verb and Sentence Test (VAST) adapted to Russian (VAST-Ru). As our main method, we used k-means cluster analysis to group individuals based on their scores on different tasks of the VAST-Ru. We then compared cluster allocations to aphasia types (according to Alexander Luria’s classification) established by a standard clinical evaluation procedure. As a follow up, we investigated performance of each person with aphasia on each task by comparing their individual scores to the control group. Outcomes & Results: The k-means analysis grouped the PWA into two clusters. The main difference between the clusters was the severity of impairment across most of the tasks, both at the single verb and at the sentence level, both in production and in comprehension. All participants with efferent motor aphasia (roughly corresponding to Broca’s aphasia) and most of the participants with acoustic-mnestic aphasia (roughly corresponding to anomic aphasia) were in the less-impaired cluster. Complex aphasia types (complex motor and complex temporal aphasia) pertained to the more-impaired cluster, while other aphasia types (dynamic aphasia, corresponding to transcortical motor, and sensory, corresponding to Wernicke’s aphasia) were more or less evenly distributed over two clusters. Individual-level analysis revealed heterogeneous patterns of impairment in both clusters and across different aphasia types. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that verb and sentence impairments are prevalent in aphasia, irrespective of the aphasia type. They also indicate that aphasia severity mediates verb and sentence impairment in aphasia. We could not find a clear correspondence between individual patterns of impairment and aphasia type at this stage. The clinical implications are discussed.

The microstructure, the phase composition, and the mechanical properties of a commercial cast high-temperature ML19 magnesium alloy are studied and compared in the as-cast state and after the recommended heat treatment. In addition to the well-known phases, long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases are found to form in the alloy; these phases are characteristic of both the as-cast and heat-treated states of the alloy.

A theoretical and experimental study was performed of a frequency dependence of the amplitude-phase characteristics of the vestibular nerve stimulation signal and its changes during passage from the stimulating electrodes to the end of the vestibular nerve. To assess the influence of leakage currents on the change in the stimulating current pulse, a physico-mathematical model of the vestibular organ and electrical processes occurring in its tissues was developed on the basis of experimental data on electrophysical and anatomical characteristics of the vestibular labyrinth tissues by the example of a guinea pig. The calculations and measurements of the frequency dependence of the amplitude-phase characteristics of the stimulating signal at a recording electrode located in the Scarp’s ganglion are performed. It is established that the influence of leakage currents on the signal amplitude at the recording electrode is significant in the entire frequency range considered. Compensation of the influence of leakage currents will improve the stimulating signal quality and increase the transfer function of the vestibular implant.

Of the goal of this study is to Educate the abstract concept as : Post-truth and Post modernism. Post-truth as a social phenomenon has put scientific discourse into polemic discussions in connection with an acute public request for the restoration of the Truth. Postmodernism, the previous era that gave rise to the problems of moral devaluation, is regarded as a cynical environment that produced these problems. Postmodernism has softened up the ground for radical openness of the public to the requests for the Truth, which can no longer be ignored in the last decade. The research considers modern sources of the formation of socio-ethical phenomena, which are the main life criteria in developed countries. Politics, media and culture are the core of any state and the entire global space. It is in the time of globalization, interstate interdependence, information wars and global warming that these aspects have attracted increased public interest. We provide a comparative argumentation of postmodernism and post-truth proving that the request for the Truth has become a new reality factor due to the mass public demand. The morality and ethics of the Truth have regained their classical forms and escaped from mass manipulation. Consequently, the issues of morality and values have become relevant. Ideologically, the world community demonstrates a genuine desire to restore the socio-ethical mission of the Truth. This statement is proved in our research.

The effect of small lanthanum additions on the structure and the phase composition of a commercial magnesium cast ML5pch alloy (Mg–Al–Zn–Mn system) in the as-cast and heat-treated states is studied. The addition of lanthanum is found to result in the formation of a new intermetallic Mg17(La,Al)2 phase, to improve the structure of the ML5pch alloy, and to increase its relative elongation and yield strength in the heat-treated state.

Four-electrode electrochemical cells are widely used for signal conversion in molecular-electronic transfer (MET) motion sensors. The most used ACCA (anode–cathode–cathode–anode) configuration has proven its performance and usefulness for obtaining a superior conversion factor and a wider frequency range over standard geophones at room temperature. However, the MET sensor conversion factor decreases a thousand-fold or more when the temperature drops from room temperature to 233 K. In the design suggested is this paper, a pair of additional gate (G) electrodes has been added outside the standard ACCA cell. An experimental study of the temperature behavior of the resulting G-ACCA-G six-electrode configuration showed that the effects of temperature changes on the cell conversion factor are 5.2 times weaker compared with the standard ACCA configuration.

The subject of the research is the reasons for the commission of unlawful acts provided for by Art. 110.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation committed on the Internet in relation to minors, as well as the existing system for the prevention of these illegal acts. The aim of the study is to develop proposals for improving the specified mechanism for preventing illegal acts. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the prevention of unlawful acts under Art. 110.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation committed on the Internet in relation to minors, should include the following components: detection and suppression of suicidal content; identifying individuals who are members of social network groups and taking part in games, and carefully withdrawing them from such communities; prevention of suicidal behavior with individuals who have committed suicide attempts and with their immediate surroundings. In addition, early prevention of minors and their parents of dangerous behavior on the Internet is of great importance.

The article describes the results of an empirical study of the functional states of drivers depending on the length of their professional activities. The data received during the study can be used in the practical activities of drivers to improve efficiency of activity, reduce fatigue and to prevent the occurrence of adverse functional conditions.

The high requirements for training a military specialist include improving the quality of language education for students of military universities, which can be accomplished by reforming ineffective teaching methods in a foreign language. Moreover, when updating and improving existing methods and developing technologies of teaching foreign languages, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the educational institution, the closeness and isolation of the military organization. Given these features, modern methods of teaching foreign languages in military universities should be aimed at the formation of professional competence, and the development of a versatile personality, able to express their opinions competently. Formation of foreign language discursive competence in military specialists will not only effectively and profoundly acquire practical knowledge, but will also help to develop professional motivation for learning a foreign language. In order to study the ways of formation of discursive competence in students of higher military educational institutions it is advisable to: identify the essence of discursive competence, giving it the most capacious definition; determine the structure of the phenomenon under study and identify its main components; to determine the specifics of discursive competence in higher military education. Based on most definitions, foreign-language discursive competence should be developed as a pragmatic ability, selecting as a basis the skills and competencies that will be most relevant within a particular military specialty. Modern training technologies and developments, based on the basic principles of teaching a foreign language for professional purposes, can significantly improve the efficiency of the process of learning a foreign language

In the article, based on the analysis of the requirements for the readiness of weapons and military equipment during combat use and the reliability of their operation in the course of combat operations, it was discovered that one of the reasons that causes a discrepancy between the declared failures and real ones may be the incorrect choice and justification of the time distribution function up to the refusal of military means. As a rule, during the development of these tools, the function of distribution of time to failure is chosen by analogy with similar patterns of weapons and military equipment. In the theory of reliability, special attention is given to choosing the function of time-breaking non-response (failures or failures). Therefore, the article deals with the questions of evaluating the effectiveness of functioning of complex systems and methods of modeling the processes of their functioning, taking into account the laws of the distribution of random variables. The discrepancy between the declared irregularity of the military apparatus and the fact that is actually observed in the troops can be explained by the incorrectly accepted hypothesis about the distribution of time to failure. Therefore, the article analyzes the order of the justification of such a function without taking into account the enemy's fire impact and the proposed variant of determining the function of distribution of the time of work until the refusal of the model of military equipment. The article also cites the reasons for the discrepancy between the claimed missile defense equipment and what is actually observed in the troops. The proposed mathematical model of faultlessness, which at stages of designing and design will allow to set requirements to the model of technology with the help of analytical description. The sequence of calculations of non-failure indexes based on the use of Weibull distribution is substantiated.

The discovery of a new type of cracks, complementing Griffith-Irwin cracks, put forward the problem of a more detailed study of the state of products, namely bearings, which have the risk of acquiring crack type defects. Since this process can occur at the stage of operation of the product, the question arises of its resource before achieveing the conditions for its safe replacement. In the paper by means of an example of conventional models of bearings, the properties of a bearing with a defective coating are studied. The model is a deformable material of the bearing race in the form of a layer, having a coating with a crack, which has a thin lubricating layer of liquid on top. The fluid layer is exposed to the effect of vertical pressure from above from the bearing itself. The properties of contact stresses in the zone of the defect are investigated with allowance for external influences.

Activities, including organizational ones, within monitoring and control and surveillance activities aimed at ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of guests and games participants on the territory of the host city, sports facilities, accommodation places and catering conducted by Rospotrebnadzor office in the Rostov region during the preparation and hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup Games in Rostov- on-Don are presented.

The lack of standardized language assessment tools in Russian impedes clinical work, evidence-based practice, and research in Russian-speaking clinical populations. To address this gap in assessment of neurogenic language disorders, we developed and standardized a new comprehensive assessment instrument – the Russian Aphasia Test (RAT). The principal novelty of the RAT is that each subtest corresponds to a specific level of linguistic processing (phonological, lexical-semantic, syntactic, and discourse) in different domains: auditory comprehension, repetition, and oral production. In designing the test, we took into consideration various (psycho)linguistic factors known to influence language performance, as well as specific properties of Russian. The current paper describes the development of the RAT and reports its psychometric properties. A tablet-based version of the RAT was administered to 85 patients with different types and severity of aphasia and to 106 age-matched neurologically healthy controls. We established cutoff values for each subtest indicating deficit in a given task and cutoff values for aphasia based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis of the composite score. The RAT showed very high sensitivity (> .93) and specificity (> .96) substantiating its validity for determining presence of aphasia. The test’s high construct validity was evidenced by strong correlations between subtests measuring similar linguistic processes. The concurrent validity of the test was also strong as demonstrated by a high correlation with an existing aphasia battery. Overall high inter-rater and test-retest reliability were obtained. The RAT is the first comprehensive aphasia language battery in Russian with properly established psychometric properties. It is sensitive to a wide range of language deficits in aphasia and can reliably characterize individual profiles of language impairments. Notably, the RAT is the first comprehensive aphasia test in any language to be fully automatized for administration on a tablet, maximizing further standardization of presentation and scoring procedures.

A comprehensive study of the functioning of antioxidant system in rats with rotenone-induced parkinsonism was conducted. The development of pathology led to inhibition of the majority of the studied antioxidant enzymes in the brain and blood serum of animals, which can be associated with decompensation of oxidative stress under conditions of prolonged mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes apparently make an important contribution into neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex and striatum and motor disorders in experimental animals.

Durum wheat and rye hybrids were obtained using in vitro germ culture. The influence of the durum wheat genotype (♀) on the hybridization performance was revealed, which is due to the presence of genes that inhibit crossbreeding.