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RNA viruses have been the most destructive due to their transmissibility and lack of control measures. Developments of vaccines for RNA viruses are very tough or almost impossible as viruses are highly mutable. For the last few decades, most of the epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have wreaked huge devastation with innumerable fatalities. To combat this threat to mankind, plant-derived novel antiviral products may contribute as reliable alternatives. They are assumed to be nontoxic, less hazardous, and safe compounds that have been in uses in the beginning of human civilization. In this growing COVID-19 pandemic, the present review amalgamates and depicts the role of various plant products in curing viral diseases in humans.

The genetic reference population of recombinant inbred BXD mice has been derived from crosses between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains. The DBA/2J parent exhibits cardiomyopathy phenotypes, while C57BL/6J has normal heart. BXD mice are sequenced for studying genetic interactions in cardiomyopathies.The study aimed to assess cardiomyopathy traits in BXDs and investigate the quantitative genetic architecture of those traits.Echocardiography, blood pressure, and cardiomyocyte size parameters obtained from 44 strains of BXD family (N5/sex) at 4-5 months of age were associated with heart transcriptomes and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping was performed.More than 2-fold variance in ejection fraction (EF%), fractional shortening (FS%), left ventricular volumes (LVVol), internal dimensions (LVID), mass (LVM), and posterior wall (LVPW) thickness was found among BXDs. In male BXDs, eQTL mapping identified Ndrg4 on chromosome 8 QTL to be positively correlated with LVVol and LVID and negatively associated with cardiomyocyte diameter. In female BXDs, significant eQTLs were found on chromosomes 7 and 3 to be associated with LVPW and EF% and FS%, respectively, and Josd2, Dap3 and Tmp3 were predicted as strong candidate genes.Our study found variable cardiovascular traits among BXD strains and identified multiple associated QTLs, suggesting an influence of genetic background on expression of echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte diameter traits. Increased LVVol and reduced EF% and FS% represented dilated cardiomyopathy, whereas increased LV mass and wall thickness indicated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy traits. The BXD family is ideal for identifying candidate genes, causal and modifier, that influence cardiovascular phenotypes.

Introduction: Renal cortical thickness is an important parameter for many renal pathologies. Ultrasonography has been an efficient tool for the measurement of different renal parameters. The objective of this study was to determine the renal cortical thickness in healthy adults without any renal impairments and to correlate it with age, sex, height, weight, BMI and side of the body. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 healthy adults with normal renal function were included in this study. A detailed clinical history of all the patients were taken. Basic investigations, clinical and ultrasonography examination were performed. Informed written consent and ethical approval were taken. Results: The study included 150 participants (67 male & 83 female) with mean age of the participants 33.0±9.5 years. The mean renal cortical thickness was found to be 8.3±0.69mm. There was significant correlation between RCT and gender (p=0.013). However, no such correlation was observed between (renal cortical thickness) RCT and age, height, weight and BMI of the participants. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic measurement of renal cortical thickness plays a vital role in identification of many renal diseases. Thus, the result of this study can be used for evaluation of renal cortical thickness to determine abnormal renal conditions.

Nanomaterials with unique structures and exotic magnetic phenomena are always intriguing; however, the direct correlation of structural and magnetic ordering up to a few nanometers remains critical.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in developing countries like India. Initial management includes use of many anti- anginal drugs. If angina pectoris not managed adequately results in significant morbidity and mortality too due to the complications. Anti-anginal drugs are used for lifelong. Therefore, analysis of the price of different drugs used in ischemic heart disease will help to improve patient compliance. Objective: (1) To assess the cost variation of different drugs available as antianginal agents in India. (2) To assess the cost ratio and percentage price variation of different formulations. Method: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drugs given in Indian rupees (INR) was noted by using ‘Drug Today’ (Oct 2022 – Jan 2023, volume II). The cost range, cost ratio, and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands were calculated. The cost of tablets/capsule was calculated, and the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared. Results: After calculation of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each brand of anti-anginal drugs, tab Diltiazem (60 mg) had a maximum percentage cost variation of 459.76% and a cost ratio of 5.59 while tab GTN (6.4 mg) had a minimum percentage cost variation of 76.19% and cost ratio of 1.76. Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the price of different brands ofanti-anginal drugs available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugsshould be aware of these variations to reduce the financial burden of drugtherapy and improve compliance.

As we are moving toward an age of digital globalization and online shopping, there is an increasing need for an efficient and reliable system that can help the consumers and the visitors to find their suitable products. Currently, various websites display the searched product when a visitor comes to their website. What we need is a system, which can recommend the products which are like the searched products. This will help the consumer to find out another product in case the item is unavailable, or the searched product is not good enough, or when they would like to look through different similar products. A good recommendation system has been found out to be financially beneficial for the companies also. It is found out that consumer is 35% more likely to buy a product if the recommendation is good enough for consumers. This proposed approach to the problem of the product recommendation system is to make use of the Amazon Apparel database, which contains data of 180,000 apparels. We are going to use NLP technologies and CNN to help in predicting similar products. Title of the product is used as a major attribute during NLP analysis and recommendation. CNN used at last to create a feature vector from product images, and use this vector combined with all the other vectors, for prediction. We compare the distance between vectors of all products and recommend the products with least distance. VGG-16 architecture used to extract the features from the images.

A relatively recent idea in the Indian legal system is the virtual court. Mostly as a result of the difficulties brought on by the continuing epidemic, it gained attention. The Delhi High Court and the Supreme Court of India were the first to hold virtual hearings for cases in an effort to end the pandemic-related delays in the legal system. After the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Gripes, Law and Justice stated in its report dated September 11, 2020 that Virtual Courts should continue even after the pandemic is over, it raised many concerns in the minds of litigants as well as the general population of this nation. This essay examines the system of virtual courts that has recently been implemented as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. The author has specifically attempted to explain the recent changes made to the nation’s judicial system. The directions issued by the Supreme Court, as well as the adjustments and innovations adopted by individual courts in reaction to the epidemic, have all been studied by the author. It focuses on the difficulties that the courts are now experiencing as a result of the movement in work culture towards the virtual format. These difficulties include making the technology used in virtual courts accessible to the judges, litigants, interested parties, and other parties concerned. In order to assist us better comprehend the concerns highlighted, the document also makes reference to a few past Supreme Court rulings and precedents. Also, some information is provided on the current state of the virtual court system globally and the likelihood that it will remain in use in the future. The study concludes with a brief conclusion and a few suggestions that, if implemented, may strengthen and improve the system of virtual courts.

The Eu3+, Cr3+ co-doped LaVO4 phosphor gives red (614 nm) and NIR (700 nm) emissions due to Eu3+ and Cr3+ ions, respectively. The decrease in PL intensity of the Eu3+ doped LaVO4 phosphor is due to energy transfer from Eu3+ to Cr3+ ions.

Field experiments were carried out to Study the Integrated Nutrient Management to increase Productivity and Profitability in Dual Purpose Oat (Avena sativa L.) at Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh (UP), during Rabi season 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and nine treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: RDF (100 kg N : 40 kg P2O5 : 40 kg K2O ha-1), T3: 75 % RDN + Vermicompost @ 2t ha-1, T4: T3 + PSB (soil application @ 1.5 kg ha-1), T5: T4 + Azotobacter (seed treatment @10g kg-1 seed), T6: T5 + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 (soil application as basal ), T7: T5+ ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 (soil application as basal), T8: T6 + Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at just before flowering, T9: T7 + Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at just before flowering. Results revealed that higher yield attributes viz. panicle length (37.40cm), panicle weight (9.80g), number of grain panicle-1 (56.33), test weight (48.70g), green forage yield (90.60 q ha-1), dry matter yield (17.51 q ha-1), yield parameters viz. grain yield (16.51 q ha-1), straw yield (72.97 q ha-1) and profitability viz. gross income (INR 82069.5 ha-1), net income (INR 51605.5 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.69) of oat for T8: 75% RDN + Vermicompost @ 2t ha-1 + PSB (soil) @ 1.5 kg ha-1 + Azotobacter (seed treatment) @ 10 g kg-1 of seed + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 (basal) + foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at just before flowering of oat as compared to the control. Whereas, application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in combinations viz., Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Vermicompost, Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), Azotobacter and Zinc had a significant effect on total biomass production, yield attributes, yield and profitability of oat.

There has been extensive academic research on the optimisation of reverse logistics (RL) and closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network design. However, the existing literature is lacking in several features of practical relevance, and the simultaneous consideration of dynamic characteristics, including the multi-period setting, inventory factors, environmental footprints, and scalability of the application. This shortcoming is primarily due to the challenges associated with computation complexity, mathematical formulation, and the need for a faster solution method to solve such large-scale problems in real-time. In this research, we address these challenges and investigate the multi-facility green RL network design problem, integrating carbon footprint and vehicle selection, entailing allocation between the facilities in the multi-period setting to incorporate the dynamic characteristics. We formulate a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to minimise the total cost, comprising the carbon emission cost due to transport and production at the facilities. We also investigate the effects of carbon emissions and the choice of the vehicle fleet on the network's structure. The novelty of our research lies in the development and application of an exact solution method, namely “Improved Benders Decomposition (IBD)” with several algorithmic enhancements, including a strengthened master problem, valid inequalities, a heuristic, and a multi-stage strategy to accelerate the convergence of the Benders decomposition method. By combining these elements, the proposed IBD solves the MILP model, provides a faster solution methodology with improved convergence of the bounds, and addresses the inherent intractability of the existing problem. We apply our proposed heuristic on a set of 12 problem configurations under distinct scenarios. We show that the proposed IBD heuristic outperforms existing traditional methods in terms of solution quality, computational time, and robustness.

This article begins with an explanation of a frequency selective surface, also known as an FSS, which is used to increase gain across a wide frequency range. The proposed unit design is a modified combination of circular and square elements with two cross dipoles and a T-type structure at the inner side. In the second step of the process, a single wideband antenna that covers the same range as FSS is designed and then analyzed in terms of its gain and radiation patterns. After that, an antenna array was built using the same solo structure in order to take advantage of the benefits that come with using an array system. The array is made up of elements that are CPW fed. A ground-backed T-shaped power divider network with additional shorting pins is used to supply power to the entire array. In the fourth step, an array of the FSS unit cell has been positioned beneath the UWB solo antenna and its array in order to investigate the possibility of improved gain and radiation pattern. The FSS equivalent lumped circuit model is presented here for validation purposes. It has been determined that the results of the experiment and the simulation are consistent with one another. In contrast to the structures that have been reported in the past, the newly developed model possesses a greater bandwidth, a higher gain, and a lower profile.

This study is focused on the evaluation of the different statistical methods of landslide susceptibility analysis in the Himalaya. For the evaluation, Bagmati Rural Municipality is selected as a typical study site. Various statistical methods are used to determine the relationship between thirteen landslide causative factors (viz., slope, aspect, profile curvature, tangential curvature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, elevation, distance from fault, distance from river network, distance from road network, geology, land use pattern and soil type) and landslide occurrence. Furthermore, a landslide inventory map of 154 landslides was prepared and 70% landslides were randomly selected for generating a model and the remaining 30% were used for validation proposes. These factor maps and the inventory are analyzed in a geographic information system. The evaluation between the three statistical bivariate methods was performed using the success rate and prediction rate. The study revealed that all susceptibility analysis techniques performed well, with the Certainty Factor Method having the best success and prediction rates for the study area, at 90.53% and 92.07%, respectively.

This article describes studies on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrazole-containing β-amino carbonyl compounds (5a-5q) as DPP-4 inhibitors and anti-diabetic agents. In contrast, mannich reactions went smoothly with bismuth nitrate (Bi (NO

A study was conducted on plankton dynamics of Kanke reservoir in relation to selected physico chemicalparameters from 10 September 2020 to 10 July 2021. Total ten sampling stations were chosen based onwater characteristics. Overall water quality parameters (Temperature, DO, CO2, TH, TA, Nitrate, Phosphateand pH) were found in the limits suggested for aquaculture practices except few station like STN 1, 4, and5 shown poor water quality, this may be due to domestic sewage and organic matter load released fromlocal communities. In the present study, total 50 genera of phytoplankton were identified. Of which 24genera of Chlorophyceae, 12 genera of Bacillariophyceae, 11 genera of Cyanophyceae, 2 genera ofEuglenophyceae and 1 genera of Dinophyceae. The phytoplankton abundance shows sharp increase fromJanuary to April (pre-monsoon) with Chlorophyceae as the most dominant group and Euglenophyceae asthe least dominant. Similarly, total 13 genera of zooplankton were identified. It included 6 genera of Rotifers,4 genera of Cladocerans and 3 genera of Copepods. A positive correlation was noticed between temperatureand phytoplankton in the Kanke reservoir. All group of zooplankton showed very lowabundance duringmonsoon, however, there was an increase in abundance during pre-monsoon, and highestabundance value was recorded during post-monsoon months. Findings of the present study shows that the waterquality of Kanke reservoir is still safe for aquaculture practices except few stations. But the sign ofdeteriorating water quality is started to appear as algal scam/bloom formation. The findings of this studywill serve as a baseline data for further investigations, comparing the future changes in this reservoir andto conserve this ecosystem.

The present study was undertaken to estimate the general and specific combining ability in 10 x 10 diallel set of crosses (excluding reciprocals) in bitter gourd to get 45 hybrids using 10 parents (DVBTG-1, VRBT-94, VRBT-39, VRBT-41, VRBT-49, VRBT-50, VRBT-103, VRBT-63, VRBT-32 and VRBT-6). These 45 F1 along with 10 parents were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications considering 10 characters (days to first male flower anthesis, days to first female flower anthesis, days to first harvest, number of branches/plant, plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits/plant, fruit weight and fruit yield/plant) in bitter gourd. Analysis of variance due to treatment was highly significant for all the traits. The combining ability analysis revealed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the parameters studied. The variances due to sca were higher than the gca for all the characters indicating the predominance of non-additive gene effects. Out of 10 parents’ four parents DVBTG-1, VRBT-49, VRBT-103 and VRBT-32 exhibited significant and negative g.c.a effects for early female flowering and days to first harvest. Similarly, positive and significant g.c.a effects were shown by DVBTG-1, VRBT-50, VRBT-49, VRBT-103 and VRBT-6 for number of fruits/plant. DVBTG-1 and VRBT-49 showed negative gca effects for the characters except days to 1st harvesting. How VRBT-49 was identified as one of the best general combiners. The cross combinations VRBT-94 x VRBT-32, DVBTG-1 x VRBT-50, VRBT-49 x VRBT-103, VRBT-49 x VRBT-32, VRBT-94 x VRBT-32 and VRBT-41 x VRBT-103 exhibited positive and significant s.c.a effects for first female flower anthesis and days to first harvest. The finding of experiments confirmed the potentiality of DVBTG-1 x VRBT-6, VRBT-94 x VRBT-103, VRBT-41 x VRBT-6, VRBT-94 x VRBT-49, VRBT-39 x VRBT-49 and VRBT-94 x VRBT-39 combination based hybrids for yield/plant. The results of this study also suggest that for improvement of a desirable character, the selected parental line should be of high gca value and their F1s should express high specific combining ability. Significant estimates of additive component (d) along with significance of additive x additive (i) gene interaction-with positive sign pod yield per plant which indicated the presence of increase alleles and associated pair of genes.

Administration of ex vivo expanded somatic myeloid progenitors has been explored as a way to facilitate a more rapid myeloid recovery and improve overall survival after myeloablation. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies have created alternative platforms for supplying off-the-shelf immunologically compatible myeloid progenitors, including cellular products derived from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) homozygous superdonors, potentially increasing the availability of MHC-matching cells and maximizing the utility of stem cell banking. However, the teratogenic and tumorigenic potential of iPSC-derived progenitor cells and whether they will induce alloreactive antibodies upon transfer remain unclear. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of using CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitors derived from MHC homozygous iPSCs (iHPs) to treat cytopenia after myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation in a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) nonhuman primate (NHP) model. We demonstrated that infusion of iHPs was well tolerated and safe, observing no teratomas or tumors in the MCMs up to 1 year after HSC transplantation and iHP infusion. Importantly, the iHPs also did not induce significant levels of alloantibodies in MHC-matched or -mismatched immunocompetent MCMs, even after increasing MHC expression on iHPs with interferon-γ. These results support the feasibility of iHP use in the setting of myeloablation and suggest that iHP products pose a low risk of inducing alloreactive antibodies.

Supply chain management (SCM) applications are being developed using blockchain technologies (BCT). This work proposes a blockchain and IoT-based supply chain system (BITS) framework to help create permanent records using smart contracts that can be shared and acted across a product supply chain in the SCM in a decentralized fashion. BITS ensures improved trust, security, transparency, and traceability among the participants aided with BCT and IoT. A demonstration of the data flow and the conceptual illustration of BITS is presented. Algorithms for node authorization and verification based on threshold values are presented. The framework has been rigorously tested for performance considering increasing malicious nodes and over various performance evaluation determining factors (i.e., computational power, memory consumption, time delay, and stability analysis based on the block arrival rate). BITS was evaluated by comparing its performance with consensus algorithm peers (i.e., PoW, PoS, and DPoS). Simulation study reveals the efficient performance of BITS under various test conditions.

Goat is known as poor man’s animal. The fat globules are smaller in goat milk, which makes it easily digestible. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in goat milk fat, is mainly responsible for anticancerous behavior of goat milk. Although protein is somewhat low in goat milk than cow milk, the digestibility of goat milk protein is higher compared to cow milk protein. Taurine present in goat milk is reported to have inhibitory action on cardiovascular disease leads to synthesis of essential amino acids. Goat’s milk contains less lactose than cow’s milk, which is beneficial to lactose intolerance patients. Higher selenium concentration in goat milk, results in platelet regeneration when suffering from dengue fever. Bioactive peptides released during fermentation and invitro digestion are reported to produce antioxidant and antimicrobial peptides. Sialic acid present in caprine milk is also reported to help fast brain development. As compared to milk of other milch animals, goat’s milk has great potential to prevent various diseases. Beside nutritional properties, goat milk possesses potent nutraceutical and Therapeutic properties making it most suitable for infants, older and convalescent people. In this review, strong nutraceutical power of caprine milk is briefly explored.