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In this study, a novel converter which integrates three capacitor clamped circuits and coupled inductor is proposed for high voltage gain. Compared with classical clamped circuit, these clamped circuits which are composed of one diode and three capacitors are used to improve voltage gain and achieve a continuous input current in this proposed converter. The proposed converter has four different clamped circuits, which can be divided into two types, including horizontal clamped and vertical ways. Moreover, each type of new clamped circuit corresponds to two different clamped circuits. This makes the designer have more selections to recycle the energy stored in leakage inductor. Besides, one of the three capacitors is connected in series with the output capacitor to efficiently reduce the voltage stress across the output capacitor, and voltages of both of them are less than half output voltage. Finally, in these converters, a converter based on three capacitor clamped circuit as a representative is analysed in detail. A prototype circuit is established in the laboratory to demonstrate the performances of this converter.

A Ni(II) complex, [Ni(pydca)(bim)3] (pydca = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate, bim = benzimidazole) has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. It is characterized by elemental analysis, IR and thermal analysis. The crystal structure is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The mononuclear complexes are linked by N–H···O hydrogen bonds. The title complex has good thermal stability and exhibits good fluorescence properties in ethanol solution at room temperature.

The synthesis, characterization and structure of a 1D coordination polymer {[CuBr(3-abpt)] ⋅2DMSO} n (1) (3-abpt = 4-amino-3,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole) is described. X-ray structural analyses reveal that 1 exhibits a 1D ladder-like chain structure and each copper(I) center in 1 displays a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry {CuN 3Br}. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/LanL2DZf + 6-31G* level were performed on complex 1 to rationalize its experimental absorption spectra. The luminescent property and thermal behavior of the complex were also investigated.

Background Periarthritis of shoulder (PAS) symptom is one of the leading causes prompting many patients to seek treatment. Tuina is a common treatment for PAS in China. But at present, there is no systematic evaluation report on its therapeutic effectiveness and safety. This protocol aims to reveal the efficacy and safety of Tuina for treating PAS. Methods The following databases will be searched by electronic methods: PubMed, EBASE, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Embase, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wan-fang Data (WANFANG), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other sources from inception to December 2019. Bias risk, subgroup analysis, data synthesis, and meta-analyses will be assessed with RevMan V.5.3 software if the data is met inclusion conditions. Results This study will present a quality evidence of Tuina for the treatment of PAS patients. Conclusion The systematic review will present reliable evidence to judge whether or not Tuina is a safe and effective intervention for PAS patients. Prospero registration number CRD42019147445.

Previous clinical trials have suggested that the Chinese Tuina massage may exert transient analgesic effects. However, further investigation regarding the underlying mechanism has been hindered by the lack of a suitable animal model of pain. The present study established a rat model of hind leg pain by injecting 5.8% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) into the left gastrocnemius muscle. The effects of various Tuina massages on the pain thresholds of the rats were then measured. In addition, the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral Tuina massages on C-fiber-evoked field potentials following electrical stimulation of the left sciatic nerve were determined. Alterations in the gastrocnemius muscle tissues following various Tuina applications were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin, and desmin staining, as well as malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase assays. Heavy hand pressure transiently reduced the pain sensitivity of both posterior limbs, despite HSS only being injected into the left hind leg. Tuina massage treatments that lasted for 15 min were associated with the best results and an absence of local tissue changes. The results of electrical sciatic nerve stimulation demonstrated that ipsilateral and contralateral Tuina massage may decrease the level of peripheral nociceptive C-fiber activity. In the present study, the Chinese Tuina massage exerted analgesic effects in a rat model of pain, which did not involve tissue damage, following a 15 min massage. Therefore, the rat model of pain used in the present study may provide a novel approach for investigating the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Tuina massage.

This paper presents two nose cones models and their numerical calculation of aerodynamic noise in high speed airflow field combining the analysis theory of fluid dynamics with the acoustic boundary element analysis method. The noise sound pressure levels (SPL) of these two models are calculated under the different speed airflow. And we compare the SPL of the better model with that of commercial nose cone models. These simulated results show that the aerodynamic noise of the nose cone with a ellipsoid head has lower flow-induced noise than that of commercial nose cone models at relative high air flow velocities at most frequencies.

In this paper, we proposed a novel communica-tion solution for ship handling simulators by using both multiaddress broadcast and connection oriented socket, which has advantages such as few data flow, less of data blocking, easy to extent and deploy, access an exercise at runtime, etc.

We performed a molecular epidemiology study of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from six provinces in southern China by analyzing IBDVs isolated during the years 2000-2010. Sequence analysis of hypervariable regions of the VP2 gene (vVP2) in the genome of these isolates revealed that the majority of these viruses (45/59) were characterized as vv (very virulent) IBDV genotype, 12 out of 59 isolates were avirulent IBDV genotype and two from Guangxi were intermediate IBDV genotype. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 45 vvIBDV genotype isolates have divided into five groups, all displaying strong divergence from the currently used vaccine strains. In all isolates, 14 non-critical amino acid substitutions were found in vVP2. The isolates from 2006 to 2010 had more substitutions (11 sites) than the isolates from 2000 to 2005 (7 sites). This study demonstrates that there were different genotypes of IBDV prevailing in six provinces of southern China. The mutations in vVP2 were common, which might be one of the reasons for the evolution of the IBDVs. Therefore, in regards to IBDV prevention, it is vital to have continuous monitoring of the genetic variability (long-term tracking of viral evolution) to provide optimal protection against IBDV.

Four novel copper(II) complexes have been synthesized, namely Cu(hfac)2NITPhNO2 (1), Cu(hfac)2NITPhCH3 (2), Cu(pfpr)2NITPhNO2, (3) and Cu(pfpr)2NITPhCH3 (4), where hfac=hexafluoro-acetylacetonate, pfpr=pentafluoropropionate, NITR=2-R-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxyl-3-oxide. (R=4-nitrophenyl, 4-methylphenyl). These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, electronic spectra and molar conductance. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility of complexes 1 and 3 have been studied in the 4–300 K range, giving the exchange integral J=10.56 cm−l for complex 1 and J=−30.9 cm−l for complex 3.

Ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIM]Br) and N-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([HMIM]BF4) have been used as solvent and electrolyte for the electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine at glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry. It was found that monomer was more easily oxidized in ionic liquid than acidic aqueous solution, and oxidative potential was reduced by 0.725 and 0.455 V, respectively. Electrode modified with poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PPD) has obvious electrochemical activity in acid solution (pH 1–4). The apparent diffusion coefficient (D app) of PPD film is measured by chronocoulometry and chronoamperometry. The polymer structure is measured by UV and IR. IR spectrometry reveals that poly(o-phenylenediamine) has phenazine ring structure. The heat stability of polymer is observed from thermogravimetry.

Room-temperature refractive indices dispersion and anisotropy were measured in single Ca0.28Ba0.72Nb2O6 (CBN-28) crystal between 380 and 700 nm. The refractive index of Ca0.28Ba0.72Nb2O6 are measured by the spectroscopic ellipsometry. The dispersion curves were fitted to different Sellemeier functions. The normal dispersions were observed. Using the interference of polarized light, the birefringence in the long wavelength region is obtained. The results are in good agreement with the reference. A new technique was used to analysis the experiment data and this technique is proved to be more simple and efficient. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Poly-3-methylthiophene (P3MT) was synthesized in the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimi-dazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) by constant potential and constant current respectively. The structure and morphology of P3MT films were characterized by FTIR spectrum and SEM. The undoped (reduction) and doped (oxidation) forms of P3MT film prepared in ionic liquid were reversible and stable. The P3MT film has strong characteristics of electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid and can separate the oxidation peaks of ascorbic acid and dopamine. Two methods of potential steps were used to observe the response time of the film and the film was found to have perfect electrochromic response.

To study the effect of sodium cantharidinate on the angiogenesis of nude mice with human gastric cancer.Nude mice xenograft models of human gastric cancer were established by injecting gastric carcinoma cell BGC823 into peritoneal. Expression of VEGF and MVD labeling by CD34 in human gastric cancer cells were measured by immunohistochemistry.Expression scores of VEGF in medium dose and high dose group with sodium cantharidinate treatment were lower than those in low dose and control group (P0.01). There was no significant difference between medium dose and high dose group or low dose and control group (P0.05). MVD values in medium and high dose group with sodium cantharidinate treatment were lower than those in low dose and control group (P0.01), but there was no significant difference between medium dose and high dose group (P0.05).sodium cantharidinate can inhibit the growth of the tumor by down-regulating VEGF expression of the tumour cell and the angiogenesis of the tumour.

The current study was aimed to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for Fc receptor common γ chain (FcRγ), which serves a critical signaling molecule for numerous human immune receptors that play essential roles in human immune responses.Two BALB/c mice were immunized with the synthesized polypeptides containing 19 residues at the carboxyl terminus of human FcR γ chain. The spleen cells from the immunized mice were fused with myeloma Sp2/0 cells. ELISA was used to screen mAbs and the positive clones were selected for further characterization with Western blot and flow cytometry assays.After screen, there hybridoma cell lines which secreted mAbs specifically recognized the FcR γ chain were obtained and named as 5B6, 7D3 and 8D4. The 7D3 mAb had the best quality and it could recognize the FcR γ chain in vivo and in vitro with 2.5 μg/mL.We have generated the FcRγ-specific mAbs, which may serve as a valuable tool in the functional studies of FcRγ associated immune receptors.

The analysis of exchange rate decision and its dynamic adjustment are the core of exchange rate theory. In this paper, based on the exchange rate overshooting model, we highlight the mechanism of financial economy and real economy and their two-wheeled driven manner operation, which is associated with the aggregate supply and aggregate demand of macroeconomic. With the help of nonlinear macro-finance theory, we introduce tradable financial assets into the money supply and demand analysis, and try to make a new analytical framework. From the angle of financial economy and real economy, we analyze the dynamic changes in the nominal exchange rate U.S. dollar, and use it as a basis for empirical research, examining the U.S. dollar exchange rate and economic misalignment.

To explore the role of IL-21 in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) and its influence on the the class switch of anti-AChR antibodies.Blood was taken from 26 patients and 18 healthy controls, and the expression of IL-21R mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of IL-21R on B lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry, while the concentrations of serum IL-21 and the levels of anti-AChR-IgG and its isotype IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgG(3) were tested by ELISA.The serum concentration of IL-21 in the MG group was higher than that in the control group (31.686±8.499 pg/mL, 15.147±6.366 pg/mL) and the difference was significant (P0.01). IL-21R mRNA expressed on PBMCs in the MG group was higher than that in the control group (0.139±0.052, 0.101±0.022), and the difference was significant (P0.05). There was no difference between ocular MG and generalized MG subgroup (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of IL-21R on B lymphocytes also increased in the MG group (P0.05). In the anti-AChR-Ab positive MG group, the serum concentration of IL-21 showed positive correlation with anti-AChR-IgG(P0.05),but no correlation with its isotype IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgG(3), respectively(P0.05). Expression of IL-21R mRNA in the PBMCs showed no correlation with the level of serum anti-AChR-IgG and its isotype IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgG(3), respectively(P0.05); however the expression of IL-21R in B lymphocytes showed positive correlation with anti-AChR-IgG and it's isotype IgG(1) and IgG(3) (P0.05,P0.01,P0.05), but no correlation with IgG(2) (P0.05).IL-21 might induce the class switch of anti-AChR antibodies to IgG(1) and IgG(3) isotype through IL-21R on B lymphocytes which promotes the pathogenesis of the MG.

To explore the relationship between Shen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) and the insert/deficit (I/D) polymorphism types (PMTs) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in longevous elders in Bama area of Guangxi municipality.The investigation on 27 centenarians (Group A), 56 elders of 90-99 years old (Group B) and 114 of 60-89 years old (Group C) was carried out by questionnaire, and the polymorphism was detected using polymerize chain reaction detection, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, and direct sequencing technique. And the study was controlled by 79 naturally died elders within 60-70 years old.The presenting frequencies of SDS in various PMT were D/D, I/D and I/I in rising order. The frequencies of PMT, I/I, I/D and D/D, were 37.04% (10/27), 33.33% (9/27), and 29.63% (8/27) respectively; the frequency rates of I and D alleles were 53.70% (29/54) and 46.30% (25/54) in Group A. Comparison of frequency of D/D and D allele between groups showed that Group A was significantly different to Group C (P0.05) and also to the control (P0.01), while all the frequencies in Group A and B were rather identical, showing insignificant difference (P0.05). SSCP analysis showed no significant difference in D/D among groups. Outcomes of direct sequencing test further proved the correctness of I/D ACE polymorphism detection.SDS is closely correlated with ACE gene polymorphism and life span. Whereas, other multiple factors that influence longevity should also be taken into consideration.

Tissue samples of Fabricius' bursa collected from Nanning, Yulin, Beihai and Wuzhou in the provinces of Guangxi in China during the years of 2000-2007, were detected by a established reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for IBDV. Viral isolation was performed on the positive samples by chicken embryo inoculation via chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). Results showed that 27 isolates of IBDV were obtained. A set of primers were designed to amplify the vVP2 of 27 isolates by RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced. The sequences of all the isolates and reference viruses were analyzed and compared, and their phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the nucleotide sequences. The results indicated that isolate BH11, TZ(3), 050222, YL051, NN0603, NN0611and QX0602 etc, altogether 17 isolates, which accounted for 62.96 percent of total isolates, were identified to be very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) and have the highest homology to vvIBDV reference strains. In the phylogenetic analysis, they are divided into 3 groups and have a long distance to commonly used vaccine stains. Isolate NN040124 and YL052 were identified as intermediate-plus virulent strains and showed a highest homology to classical strains of 52-70 and STC. 8 isolates of YLZF2, 040131 etc were identified as attenuated vaccine strains and showed a highest homology to classical strain of CU1. The results from the study demonstrated that the viruses prevailing in chickens in these 4 regions in Guangxi province in the recently 7 years were vvIBDV and their origins were complex. The antigenicity of some isolates may have been drifted.

To study the transduction and localization mechanism of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1) CVI988 VP22 in different cells.VP22 was expressed with recombinant adenovirus and identified by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot. Lysates of recombinant virus infected 293 cells were added to normal MDBK cells to identify the transduction property of VP22. AD-293 cells infected with recombinant virus were fixed to investigate localization of VP22 at different time post infection. Transient expression of VP22 in AD-293 cells was carried out for control.The results showed that the VP22 expressed by recombinant adenovirus entered almost all the monolayer cells, which indicate the VP22 remains its transduction property. The VP22 first gather round the nucleus membrane, and then concentrated in particles in cytoplasm of 293 cells infected with recombinant adenovirus, compared with the nuclei localization pattern of VP22 in MDV infected CEF and transient expressed VP22 in 293 cells.The VP22 presented a different localization pattern in cells infected with different recombinant virus.

Based on our established infectious clone of PRRSV, designated as pCBC2, a series of mutagenesis of 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) at primary structure and secondary structure level were constructed. Then the full length mutant clones were transfected into MARC-145 cells, from which the influences of the discrete 3'-UTR mutation on PRRSV replication and transcription were analyzed. The properties of the rescued mutant viruses were then further characterized by Northern Blot and plaque morphology analysis. Our results demonstrated that PRRSV could tolerate more than 41 nucleotides deletion and 23nt insertion in the 3'-UTR, however, minor changes in the conserved stem loop region destroyed virus infectivity. To sum up, the stem-loop structure was essential for virus viability, but 5' end of the 3'-UTR tolerates certain level of nucleotide deletion or insertion. This is the first report to define the essential sequence and secondary structure for PRRSV genome replication and it is useful for future research about the regulation element.

The recombinant transfer vector pFastBacl-ChIFN-y was constructed by plasmid pcDNA-ChIFN-gamma digested with EcoR I and Not I enzymes and cloned into pFastbacl. Then the transfer vector was transformed into E. coli competent cells DH10Bac which contained the bacmid with amini-attTn7 target site and the helper plasmid. The recombinant bacmid-ChIFN-gamma was generated by transposing themini-Tn7 element located in pFastBacl-ChIFN-gamma to themini-attTn7 attachment site on the Bacmid. Subsequently the recombinant Bacmid-ChIFN-gamma was transfected into the Sf9 insect cells mediated by lipofectin to produce recombinant baculovirus and express recombinant ChIFN-gamma (rChIFN-gamma) products. The result showed that the rChIFN-gamma was successfully expressed in Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant virus by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) at 5 days post-transfection. The biological activity of rChIFN-gamma was identified by its inhibition to Vesicular stomatitis virus-induced cytotoxicity of chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) in vitro. The results showed that the most efficient expression of rChIFN-gamma could be obtained at 96h post-infection with multiplicity of infection (MOI) equal to 1. It is interesting that the viruses such as Avian influenza virus H5N1 or Marek's disease virus (GA strain) could not grow in CEF pre-treated with rChIFN-gamma. Cell pathogenic efficient (CPE) in the CEF infected with H5N1 and GA strain is apparently inhibited by the rChIFN-gamma. However only difference between the HA titres of the supernatant of the pre-treated cells is observed without any obvious inhibition effect in CEF infected with Newcastle disease virus (F48E8 strain).

This paper discusses the principle of using holographic phase-contrast microphotography in crystal growth research and the conditions for improving the resolution and the quality of the reconstructed image. The regularities in variation of the crystal surface morphology and the concentration fields in different states for the crystals growing from aqueous solutions are observed. The saturation and supersaturation of the solutions are also presented.

Ellipsometry combined with Ar + ion sputtering layer-removal and channeling was used to study the radiation damage profiles created by 40 Ar + and 11 B + ion implantation in silicon substrates. For the substrates implanted with 200 keV 40 Ar + ions at the fluence of 10 16 ions cm −2 the ellipsometruc method measured oscillatory apparent extinction coefficients, k, vs depth x , characteristic of amorphous layers. This result agrees with the channeling measurements very well. For the substrates implanted with 100 keV 11 B + ions at the dose of 5 x 10 14 ions cm −2 , both the ellipsometric and channeling measurements give the peaked damage profiles. Ellipsometric measurements combined with Ar + sputtering gives a useful method for characterizing the damage profiles both in damaged crystalline layers by lower dose ion implantation and in amorphous layers made by high dose ion implantation.