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Despite soil having an abundance of iron (Fe), it is unavailable for proper plant growth and development. One of the mechanisms plants use to deal with iron deficiency is the uptake of iron by chelating phytosiderophores. Pseudomonas fluorescence can produce pyoverdine-type siderophore and has potential application in agriculture as an iron chelator. Therefore, bacterial isolates collected from different areas of district Faisalabad were screened for their fluorescent, siderophore production and indole acetic acid equivalents. After selecting efficient strains from a screening test, they were evaluated for improving wheat and maize production under field conditions. The results showed that out of 15 isolates, 7 were found to have significant plant-beneficial microbial traits. Efficient strains promoted grain yield by 24.2% and 20.2%, plant height by 30.9% and 23.7%, total grain weight by 25.3% and 13.4% over control in wheat and maize, respectively. Similarly, significant improvements in the number of grains per cob/spike were also observed. Analyses of grain iron contents depicted 67% increase as compared to control in for maize. Therefore, based on the results, it is concluded that bio-fortification of cereal crops through fluorescent producing siderophoric microbes is an effective strategy favorable for plant growth and development through nutrient solubilization/mobilization.

Friction stir welding is used to evaluate the metallurgical and material characteristics of AA2198-T8 and AA2024-T3 welds. One of the most often utilised high-strength aluminium alloys in the aerospace industry is AA2024-Tx. The latest generation of aluminium lithium alloys, AA2198-T8, just replaced AA2024-T3. Yet, sound weld methods with the highest mechanical qualities have yet to be adequately characterised. These two materials were selected and joined through two techniques. The first is a single side friction stir weld, while the second is a double side friction stir weld. This technique was used to create specimens by holding them side by side. After the stirring, the hybrid joint was created by taking spindle speeds of 580 RPM and travel speeds of 36, 76, 102, 146, and 216 mm/min into account. The tool angle and dwell duration evaluated in this study were 2o and 20 seconds, respectively. Fabricated samples were then sectioned in accordance with industry standards. Tests to determine factors like as tensile strength, impact load, and microstructures at various temperature zones. The results show that the maximum joint efficiency for a double-side friction stir welded connection at 102 mm/min was 96%.

This paper argues that attention to affect/emotion be given greater prominence in applied linguistics following a theoretical and pedagogical framework delineated as critical affective literacy (CAL) by Anwaruddin (2016). Following a brief description of key CAL principles, the authors explore the potency of affect and emotionality of texts by way of duo/trioethnography (Norris & Sawyer, 2012, 2017), a research methodology particularly relevant for exploring affective/emotional dimensions of language in educational domains (e.g., English for Academic Purposes, Language Teacher Education, English for Medical Purposes) and as part of broader socio-political deliberation. The authors detail specific features of duoethnographic research methodology (e.g., participant transparency and juxtaposition, epistemological and ideological risk-taking) that contribute to CAL principles and aspirations. In the final sections of the paper, the authors identify several implications of their trioethnography for the development of CAL in applied linguistics followed by brief descriptions of curricular and pedagogical innovation where affect/emotion has been integral to the pedagogical and literacy strategies described. Key Words: affect; emotion; critical affective literacy; duoethnography; democratic pedagogies. This paper argues that attention to affect/emotion be given greater prominence in applied linguistics following a theoretical and pedagogical framework delineated as critical affective literacy (CAL) by Anwaruddin (2016). Following a brief description of key CAL principles, the authors explore the potency of affect and emotionality of texts by way of duo/trioethnography (Norris & Sawyer, 2012, 2017), a research methodology particularly relevant for exploring affective/emotional dimensions of language in educational domains (e.g., English for Academic Purposes, Language Teacher Education, English for Medical Purposes) and as part of broader socio-political deliberation. The authors detail specific features of duoethnographic research methodology (e.g., participant transparency and juxtaposition, epistemological and ideological risk-taking) that contribute to CAL principles and aspirations. In the final sections of the paper, the authors identify several implications of their trioethnography for the development of CAL in applied linguistics followed by brief descriptions of curricular and pedagogical innovation where affect/emotion has been integral to the pedagogical and literacy strategies described. Key Words: affect; emotion; critical affective literacy; duoethnography; democratic pedagogies.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of Hepatitis E infections across the world. Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) or Intrinsically Disordered Protein (IDPs) are regions or proteins that are characterized by a lack of definite structure. These regions or proteins play significant roles in a wide range of biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, control of signaling pathways, etc. IDPRs or IDPs in proteins are associated with the virus’s pathogenicity and infectivity. The occurrence of intrinsic disorder in the proteome of rat HEV remains to be elucidated, which prompted us to explore its dark proteome. In this study, the unstructured/disordered regions of ORF proteins of rat HEV have been examined. We have analyzed the prevalence of intrinsic disorder by using a set of computational predictors. The intrinsic disorder propensity analysis showed that the ORF proteins consisted of a varying fraction of intrinsic disorder. The ORF3 protein was identified with a maximum propensity for intrinsic disorder while the protein ORF6 showed the least propensity for the intrinsic disorder. Further, the analysis revealed ORF6 as highly structured protein (ORDP); ORF1 and ORF4 as moderately disordered proteins (IDPRs); and ORF3 and ORF5 as highly disordered proteins, categorizing them as ordered protein (ORDP), a protein having Intrinsically Disordered Region (IDPR) and Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDP) respectively. Such disordered regions may play several important roles in the pathogenesis and replication of viruses. Collectively, this comprehensive study data from our investigation suggested ORF protein’s role in the regulation and pathogenesis of rat herpesvirus.

The presence of inflammation is one of the key factors in the onset and progression of various medical disorders and diseases, making it a crucial challenge for treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Vinpocetine, using acute models of inflammation; Xylene-, Carrageenan (CGN)-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced vascular- permeability in mice were used. We also employed molecular docking approach to verify the underlying mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Vinpocetine. In a current investigation, Vinpocetine showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on Xylene- and CGN-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Vinpocetine reduced inflammatory edema and restored antioxidant tissue balance, probably via suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and MPO activity, and also through increased non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH) levels in paw tissue. Histopathological examination showed that Vinpocetine restored normal skin architecture with significant inhibition of tissue edema, congestion, and cellular infiltration in CGN-challenged paw. Mechanistically, Vinpocetine showed downregulation the expression of COX-2 protein, in western blot assessment, that was associated with significant decrease in the level of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) levels; a major metabolic product of COX-2 enzyme. Interestingly, Silico study showed that Vinpocetine has strong affinity to COX-2, similar to diclofenac, suggested possible mechanism of downregulation of COX-2 expression. Therefore, Vinpocetine showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses might, in part, due to inhibition of COX-2/PGE 2 pathway.

Background: Pleural drainage via intercostal tube is widely used in every trauma center, oncology center and tertiary health care providing centers all over the world, hence there are great efforts directed to find out the best way to manage the intercostal tube during and after its insertion. In this study we try to find out the best respiratory phase, If there is any, to remove the intercostal tube.Aim of the Work: To find out the ideal respiratory phase during which tube thoracostomy can be safely removed.Patients and Methods: (291) patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery have been randomized into four groups according to the phase of respiration they were asked to adapt during pleural drain removal. Intervention: patients were asked to adapt one of the following respiratory phases during the removal process; group end-inspiratory, group (P) end-expiratory, Valsalva maneuver after full inspiration (Q) or Valsalva maneuver after full expiration (R) group. Pre-removal chest X-ray and post removal chest X-rays were obtained and compared. This study was conducted between December 2019 and November 2020 in cardiac surgery post-operative intensive care unit at Nasser Institute Hospital.Results: By comparing pre and post removal chest X-ray films to detect small insignificant recurrent pneumothorax, which is newly developed pneumothorax or increased existing small pneumothorax, in 6 patients in group (P), 8 patients in group (Q) ,7 patients in group (R) and 5 patients in group (S) . Significant pneumothorax occurred in additional 2 cases in group (R) which required re-insertion of intercostal tube.Conclusion: It is safe to remove chest tube in any phase of respiration if performed by a well-trained physician.

This research aims to compare between Soft and Ultra All-Inclusive accommodation systems and analyze their impact on hotels’ Costs and profitability in Hurghada city. For achieving the research aim, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample of managers in the investigated hotels, of which 200 responses were valid to analyze by SPSS V.25. Results indicated that the All-Inclusive system has an impact on the hotels' costs and profitability, and there are differences among the sample responses of the study toward reasons of implementation, and the impact of the hotels' costs and profitability according to the type of All-Inclusive system (AIS) applied. Based on the results, some recommendations have been proposed to minimize the negative effect of AIS on hotels’ costs. One of the most important recommendations is creating non-costly facilities by adopting a recreational inclusive system that includes adding some tours to ultra AIS package that enhance guests' preoccupation and maximize hotel's profitability.

Background The current study was designed to investigate the in vitro effect of commercially available fasciolicides; albendazole (40 and 400 µg/ml), triclabendazole, rafoxanide and nitroxynil (50 and 100 µg/ml, each) against Fasciola gigantica adult worms. For all, worms were incubated for 3 h. Worm's motility was macroscopically and microscopically detected. Reduction of egg deposition was estimated. Alterations of worm's cuticle post-treatments were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Nitroxynil had the most flukicidal effect with mild movement quickly disappeared within 15 min post-treatment. It showed the highest egg reduction (88.3% and 95% at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/ml, respectively). Findings of SEM showed severe furrowing and destruction of spines. In rafoxanide-treated group, the motility disappeared 75 min post-treatment, and the egg deposition was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 70% and 85% at the same concentrations. Teguments showed thickening, moderate furrowing and destruction of the spines. Albendazole showed the lowest effect: the motility of the worms was observed till 160 min post-treatment and the egg reduction was 43% and 75% at the same concentrations. Interestingly, in albendazole-treated flukes, the tegument had severe furrowing and spines were completely sloughed. Similarly, in triclabendazole-treated flukes, worms motility was observed till 160 min post-treatment and the egg reduction was 76.6% and 88.3%. The tegument showed swelling and mild furrowing with moderately damaged spines. Conclusions Nitroxynil was the most potent flukicide inducing evidential cuticular changes. Although albendazole induced the most potent cuticular damage, it showed the lowest flukicidal effect. Further in vivo study to investigate resistance/susceptibility of Fasciola species in cattle and buffaloes will be carried out.

Purpose This paper aims to understand, examine and interpret the main concerns and emotions of the people regarding COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, the USA and India using Data Science measures. Design/methodology/approach This study implements unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods, i.e. topic modeling and sentiment analysis on Twitter data for extracting the topics of discussion and calculating public sentiment. Findings Governments and policymakers remained the focus of public discussion on Twitter during the first three months of the pandemic. Overall, public sentiment toward the pandemic remained neutral except for the USA. Originality/value This paper proposes a Data Science-based approach to better understand the public topics of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In current research, hierarchical flower-like Ag/Fe3O4/graphene ternary nanocomposites were prepared successfully by a refluxing co-precipitation method. In the synthesis process of the samples, the various reaction conditions such as reflux time and temperature, type of capping agent and reducing agent were investigated. After characterization of the products by XRD, EDS, VSM, FESEM, HRTEM and UV–Vis DRS analysis, the nanocomposites were applied as novel nanophotocatalysts for desulfurization of thiophene under visible light illumination. Results indicate that the porous flower-like Ag/Fe3O4/graphene photocatalyst with appropriate band gap energy (2.73 eV), has excellent photocatalytic desulfurization activity (~95%) after 2 h of visible light irradiation, even after 10 cycles. Furthermore, the reliable photo-oxidation mechanism was explained based on the active species trapping experiments, which exhibited that the oxidative h+ and •O2− species were the dominant active species in the photodesulfurization process. Also, the photocatalyst particles can efficiently separate from the solution by applying a magnetic field.

A retrospective study to estimate economic losses caused by livers condemnation, due to fascioliasis, of slaughtered cattle and buffaloes in Egypt during the period of 2016-2020, was done. Moreover, a morpho-molecular identification of collected liver flukes from slaughtered animals in municipal abattoirs was conducted. Livers of naturally infected carcasses were obtained from slaughtered animals in Beni-Suef, Cairo and Tanta provinces, Egypt during 2019-2020 for phenotypic characterization of recovered

Here, we report the preparation of hierarchical flower-like (Bi(Bi2S3)9I3)2/3 nanostructures that acts as a strong photocatalyst in the desulfurization of benzothiophene. We optimized the reaction time, type of capping agent and reflux temperature to tune the shape of porous flower-like (Bi(Bi2S3)9I3)2/3 nanostructures to achieve the highest desulfurization performance. We investigated the characteristic shape, size, purity, and optical response of the flower-shape nanostructures using XRD, EDS, FESEM, UV–Vis-DRS analysis. The flower-like (Bi(Bi2S3)9I3)2/3 nanostructures showed a significant photocatalytic property in desulfurization of benzothiophene as a model fuel. The hierarchical flower-like (Bi(Bi2S3)9I3)2/3 photocatalyst with an energy gap of 1.15 eV, exhibits a 92% photocatalytic desulfurization performance after 2 h of visible light irradiation. The (Bi(Bi2S3)9I3)2/3 nanostructures show a high photocatalytic reproducibility after 4 rounds of exposure. We proposed a photo-oxidation mechanism based on the active species scavenging, which revealed the role of photo-produced h+ and O2− species as essential in the photocatalytic desulfurization process. These findings provide a new prospect and design strategy for the development of efficient photocatalysts in desulfurization process.

استهدف البحث التعرف على آليات برنامج الأمان الإجتماعى بالمجتمعات الصحراوية و درجة أستفادة المبحوثين منه و المعوقات التى تواجه المبحوثين للأستفاده من البرنامج و مقترحات التغلب عليها ، و أستخدم الإستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية لجمع البيانات من عينة عمدية بلغ قوامها 300 مبحوث من المستفيدين من برنامج الأمان الإجتماعى مقسمة 150 مفردة من المستفدين من برامج و أنشطة الضمان الإجتماعى و 150 مفردة من المستخدمين من الصندوق الإجتماعى للتنمية ببعض قرى مرکز الحمام بمحافظة مطروح، و أستخدم لتحليل البيانات الإحصاء الوصفى من خلال برنامج SPSS للتحليل الإحصائى. و قد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها : 1- أوضحت النتائج أن أهم آليات برنامج الأمان الإجتماعى فى المجتمع البدوى تمثلت فى المساعدات الاجتماعية کاحد وسائل الضمان الاجتماعى ، والتأمينات الاجتماعية من خلال أشترکات يدفعها العمال وأصحاب العمل بنسب مئوية بلغت نحو 98.0 % ، 83.6 % على الترتيب 2- أظهرت النتائج أن 24.7% من المبحوثين يقعوا في فئة الإستفادة المنخفضة من برنامج الأمان الإجتماعى فى حين أن 66% منهم يقعوا فى فئة الأستفادة المتوسطة بينما 9.3% من المبحوثين يقعوا فى فئة الإستفادة المرتفعة . 3- بينت النتائج أن درجة الإستفادة من برنامج الأمان الإجتماعى لدى المبحوثين بلغت نحو 63% من إجمالى عينة الدراسة. 4- أشارت النتائج أن أهم المعوقات التى تواجه المبحوثين من الأستفادة من برامج الأمان الإجتماعى تمثلت فيما يلى: أن زيادة عدد الإبناء و أرتفاع مسئولياتهم دائما تحول دون الأستفادة من البرنامج ، و صعوبة أستخراج الأوراق المطلوبة و زيادة تکلفتها المادية بنسب مئوية بلغت نحو 66% ، 63% على الترتيب . 5- أوضحت النتائج أن أهم مقترحات المبحوثين تمثلت فى ضرورة أرتفاع قيمة المعاش حتى يضمن کرامة الإنسان، والمطالبة بقروض طويلة الأجل ليس عليها فوائد بنسب مئوية بلغت نحو 81% ، 77% على الترتيب. الکلمات الاسترشادية : الأمان الاجتماعى - مفهوم الفقر - مفهوم الاستفادة

Here, we report the fabrication of hierarchical BiOI/BiPO4 nano/microspheres by co-precipitation-refluxing method. The reaction time, reflux temperature and amino acid kind were optimized to form hierarchical microspheres. The BiOI/BiPO4 microspheres were used as novel and strong photocatalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of thiophene under simulated solar light. The photodesulfurization results demonstrated that the p-n heterojunction BiOI/BiPO4 nanocomposites have better photocatalytic desulfurization performance (~95%) than single BiOI or BiPO4 structures. The superior photocatalytic activity of BiOI/BiPO4 heterostructure can be attributed to the powerful visible-light absorption, unique hierarchical structures, high specific surface area, low recombination and high separation rates of electron–hole pairs due to the as-formed p-n heterojunctions. Moreover, we proposed a photocatalytic oxidation mechanism based on the active species scavenging, which revealed that the generation of •O2− and h+ species are absolutely essential for the photocatalytic desulfurization process.

This research aims to measure the awareness of chefs towards the hierarchy of food storage and analyze the differences between their awareness based on their demographic data. Literature review includes some topics about food storage in the restaurant such as dry storage, chemical storage, refrigerator storage, and freezer storage, food contamination during food storage, preventing cross-contamination during storage, food contaminations and their impact on health, food hierarchy chart in a restaurant, and chefs’ awareness towards food hierarchy. For achieving the research aim, an electronic questionnaire (as a test) was designed and distributed to a random sample of chefs in Egyptian restaurants, which 447 responses were received and valid to analyze by SPSS V.25. Results indicated that investigated chefs haven’t enough awareness of food hierarchy storage. Some chefs store food in the wrong arrangement that leads to rapid spoilage or cross-contamination. Based on the results, some recommendations have been proposed to increase the awareness of chefs towards food hierarchy storage. One of the most important recommendations was putting guidelines and instructions in clear places within each store that directs chefs on how to arrange food properly.

Deciphering the biological resources across the Saudi niches is highly recommended for the prosperity. To this end, the aim of the current work was to isolate thermophilic bacteria from unexplored areas of Al-Ahsa region, and investigate their phenotypic characteristics. Three soil samples were collected from different desert sites of Al-Ahsa region. Thermophilic bacteria were isolated directly for soil samples into Thermus medium broth as a standard method. Single colonies of the actively growing bacterial isolates were preserved in 20% glycerol then kept at -80°C. The isolates were screened for production of thermostable enzymes using the commercially available kit API20E strip (bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France). Incubation were carried out at 50°C. It can be concluded that thermophilic bacteria in Al-Ahsa region harbor novel thermostable enzymes that might have biotechnological applications, in future.

Background: Prethymectomy plasma exchange may improve the outcome of surgery; however, the technique is associated with an increased risk of complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare selective versus routine plasma exchange before thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Method: We conducted a prospective multi-center cohort study to compare two protocols for plasma exchange before thymectomy. We compared the routine plasma exchange in all patients undergoing thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (group I; n= 30) versus selective exchange (Group II; n= 30). Endpoints were the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, plasma exchange, and operative complications. Results: There was no difference in age between both groups (30± 10.1 vs. 29± 9.2 years in Group I and II, respectively; p= 0.69). There were 17 females in Group I (56.67%) vs. 16 in group II (53.33%) (p= 0.8). Comorbidities are comparable between groups. All patients preoperative pyridostigmine, and 27 patients (90%) in Group I and 26 patients (87%) in Group II received glucocorticoids. There was no difference in pulmonary function tests between groups. Plasma exchange related complications were not different between groups. Immediate extubation was achieved in 29 patients (97%) in Group II, and after 6 hours in one patient (3.33%). In Group I, 28 patients (93%) extubated immediately, and two patients were ventilated for 7-12 hours. The mean ICU stay was 1.5 days in Group I and 1.4 days in group II (p= 0.615). The mean hospital stay was 8.5 days in Group I and 9.2 days in group II (p= 0.118). There was no significant difference in pathology between groups (p= 0.137). Conclusion: Selective plasma exchange is feasible before thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Selective plasma exchange may decrease exchange related complications without affecting the operative outcomes.

There are many factors that affect guests' complaining behaviors as follows: guests' lack of knowledge about the accessibility of making complaints, perceived justice, and expected costs and efforts of complaining. This study aims to determine the effect of guests' awareness towards these factors on their complaint’s behaviors. The study also aims to determine if there is a difference in guests' awareness towards the research variables backs to their demographic characteristics. In order to achieve these objectives, a questionnaire form was developed and directed to a random sample of guests in a five star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among them; only 377 forms (94.25%) were valid. The results indicated that guests have not knowledge enough about the entity they should go when they face a problem or bad service, and they didn’t realize that there is justice in hotels towards complaints handling. The respondents usually take a great negative action through speaking to friends and relatives about their bad experience Based upon the findings, some recommendations were suggested and directed to hotel managements. One of the main recommendations was putting guidelines and instructions in clear places inside the hotel which direct guests to how delivering their complaints.

Mancozeb manganese ethylenebis dithiocarbamate polymeric complex – with zinc salts is a very important protective non-systemicfungicide, classified as an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicide. It is used to control fungal diseases for a wide variety of crops because its broad-spectrum fungicidal effects and high compatibility with agrochemicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the fungicide mancozeb at different doses on some biochemical parameters, reproductive performance and histological changes in testes and thyroid gland. The low dose equal 1/7 of LD50 manc-d1 and high dose equal 1/3.5 of LD50 manc-d1. Doses of mancozeb (manc-d1 and manc-d2) adjusted according to rat's body weights. The results showed that mancozeb significantly (P

Cognitive overload in complex multi-dimensional data visualization can cause challenges for users to comprehend, navigate, and determine statistical measures. To address this problem, we tested the feasibility of integrating vibrotactile and force-feedback haptics with bubble charts to test several haptic rendering techniques for visualizing data. The preliminary results suggest that force-feedback was effective in quickly navigating to points of interest in the data, and vibrotactile feedback was effective in representing higher dimensions and locating statistical measures of data.

In this paper we analyze Twitter users and their tweets mentioning “QAnon” in context of US Presidential Elections of 2020. We collect over 12 million tweets for 46 consecutive days starting from August 1st - September 15th 2020 containing the keywords “Trump”, “Biden” or “Election2020”. We identify users mentioning “QAnon” in their messages and perform sentiment analysis using VADER to evaluate their position towards Trump and Biden. Along with this we create word cloud and perform topic modeling using BERT on user profile descriptions. Some of our key findings contradict the popular notion that people discussing QAnon on social media are mostly located in Republican dominated states of the US. We also discover that an over whelming majority of QAnon tweeters are Donald Trump supporters, are conservative and nationalist having terms like “MAGA”, “God”, “Patriot” and “WWG1WGA” in their Twitter profile descriptions.

The aim of this review is to provide an overview concerning the effect of one type of ionization radiation (e.g. gamma ray) on DNA considering three axes.

An easy approach to N-hydroxy-N-cycloalkenylamides, ene adducts of cyclic alkenes of different sizes, is presented. The products can be obtained both through the thermal generation of the nitrosocarbonyl intermediates and via the photochemical fragmentation of the Wieland heterocycle, this being the mildest way to generate these fleeting species, also affording the best results so far in terms of chemical yields. The use of the ene reaction for the synthesis of biologically active molecules represents an interesting and valuable aspect of modern organic synthesis, and this is the strategy proposed as a remarkable alternative to current methods.

Background hypoalbuminemia is a common finding in critically ill patients associated with a high risk of mortality, but there is lack of data on its role in pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low albumin levels in pediatric patients on poor prognosis and high risk of mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted at the PICU at El-Bagour hospital from November 2018 to November 2020. The aim was to evaluate low albumin level as a predictor of poor prognosis and clinical outcome in 150 critically ill children aged one month up to 18 years. ROC curve was used to assess the discriminatory ability of scoring systems for patients’ mortality. Results 148 patients were included in the final analysis where the incidence of hypoalbuminemia in the 1st 48-h postadmission was 44.6% with an overall mean serum albumin level of 3.34 ± 0.78. Hypoalbuminemia was an independent factor of mortality prediction. Moreover, we found children with hypoalbuminemia had higher mortality rate (p-value

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ejo-10.1177_11206721211044634 for Ophthalmologists perceived usefulness of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) for evaluating the mental health of patients with chronic eye diseases by Samar Swaillam, Stefania Fortini, Anwar Ahmed, Silvio P Mariotti, Sami Shahwan and Rajiv Khandekar in European Journal of Ophthalmology

Breast cancer constitutes a significant threat to women’s health and is considered the second leading cause of their death. Breast cancer is a result of abnormal behavior in the functionality of the normal breast cells. Therefore, breast cells tend to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor that can be felt like a breast lump. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is proved to reduce the risks of death by providing a better chance of identifying a suitable treatment. Machine learning and artificial intelligence play a key role in healthcare systems by assisting physicians in diagnosing early, better, and treating various diseases. For achieving the early detection of breast cancer, this paper proposes a Machine Learning-based two-level top-down hierarchical approach for breast cancer detection and classification into three classes: normal, benign, and malignant, using the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) mammography dataset. Different data preprocessing techniques are applied before using feature extraction techniques and machine learning algorithms for classification. The first classification stage which distinguishes between normal and abnormal cases is comprised of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) as a feature extraction technique and random forest as a classifier, followed by the second classification stage which classifies the abnormal cases into benign or malignant cases and is comprised of Local Binary Patterns (LBP) as a feature extraction technique and random forest as a classifier. The classification accuracy for the first stage is 97% and an F1-score of 0.98 and 0.97 for normal and abnormal classes. While for the second stage, the classification accuracy is 75% and an F1-score of 0.76 and 0.74 for benign and malignant classes. The overall hierarchical classification system achieves a classification accuracy of 85%, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.76, and F1-score of 0.98, 0.7, and 0.74 for normal, benign, and malignant test cases.

Additional file 3 : S1 Table. List of HEV YDR sequences analyzed in the present study

Additional file 1 : S1 Figure (A). Generated 3D models of the HEV YDR. (A) JF443720 (GT 1); (B) M74506 (GT 2); (C) AB222182 (GT 3); (D) GU119961 (GT 4); (E) AB573435 (GT 5); (F) AB602441 (GT 6); KJ496143 (GT 7); and (H) KX387865 (GT 8). The prediction was carried out using Phyre2.

The present study was conducted using 24 normal male of Swiss white mice weighing (36-40 gm), 70 days old .The mice were divided into four groups of six mice each. The mice of control group were fed pellet and given tap water during the entire period of the experiment (30 days).The other three groups of mice were given cadmium oxide orally at doses of (7.0 mg / kg body wt., 14.1 mg / kg body wt., and 22.3 mg / kg body wt.) consecutively every day for 30 days and weight in gm was taken once a week. With standard histological techniques, samples were obtained from kidney of the mice. The body weights along with kidney weights were decreased with increase of doses. Also it has been concluded that cadmium oxide caused damages in renal corpuscle (Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus) and renal cortical tubules as well as decrease in body weight and kidney weight (wt.).

The aim of this paper is to identify and understand bot activity in twitter discussion. The prevalence of Twitter bots have gained significant limelight recently due to their misuse in influencing public sentiment for political gains. For our analysis, we use Twitter data of 2019 Canadian Elections. We perform principal component analysis and K-means clustering on the data set. Using the results we isolate bots from human accounts.

In this paper we evaluate public sentiment and opinion on Brexit during September and October 2019 by collecting over 16 million user messages from Twitter - world’s largest online micro-blogging service. We perform sentiment analysis using the Python VADER library, and topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation function of the gensim library. Through sentiment analysis, we quantify daily public sentiment towards Brexit and use it to evaluate Brexit’s impact on the British currency exchange rate and stock markets in Britain. With the aid of topic modeling, we discover the most popular daily topics of discussion on Twitter using the keyword ”Brexit”. Some of our findings include the discovery of positive correlation between Twitter sentiment towards Brexit and British pound sterling exchange rate. We also found daily discussion topics on Twitter, identified through unsupervised machine learning to be a good proxy of important current events related with Brexit.

Pediatric sepsis is altered organ function in critically ill children and a main etiology of mortality for children. Therefore, the authors aimed to assess the role of serum thrombomodulin as valuable biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis in acutely ill pediatrics in the intensive unit.This prospective clinical study conducted on 140 acutely ill patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Menoufia University Hospital and 50 apparently healthy controls from October 2018 through September 2019. All included children were subjected to clinical examination and the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Index of Mortality II (PIM II) scores were calculated. Serum thrombomodulin was measured for both patients and the control group upon admission. The children were followed for a period of 30 d.Serum thrombomodulin level was increased among all the patients and those with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis and severe sepsis compared with controls (p 0.001). Furthermore, serum thrombomodulin was higher in patients who died than who survived (p = 0.005). Thrombomodulin had area under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) =0.915 for predicting sepsis, whereas C-reactive protein had AUC = 0.789. According to the prognosis, thrombomodulin had AUC = 0.711 for predicting mortality whereas PRISM and PIM scores had AUC = (0.918, 0.960) respectively.Serum thrombomodulin is a promising marker for pediatric sepsis. The data showed that serum thrombomodulin had a valuable role in diagnosis of sepsis early in critically ill pediatrics.

Under the poor hygienic conditions, tick-borne pathogens cause severe economic losses to the cattle industry. The current study investigated the presence of Theileria annulata, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale, the most relevant tick-borne pathogens in cattle, in 3 provinces of Egypt utilizing species-specific PCR assays. PCR was conducted, on bovine blood specimens, using primers targeting the T. annulata merozoite–piroplasm surface antigen (Tams1, 768 bp), A. marginale major surface protein-1b gene (msp1b, 265 bp), and B. bigemina small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSrRNA, 543 bp). PCR findings revealed overall prevalences of T. annulata, B. bigemina, and A. marginale as 22.0% (33/150), 19.33% (29/150), and 10.6% (16/150), respectively. The co-infection with two or three pathogens was detected in 20.0% (30/150) of examined specimens. Sequence analyses indicated that T. annulata and A. marginale varied from those of corresponding GenBank sequences revealing percent identities ranging from 90.68 to 97.75% and from 94.98 to 98.63%, respectively. On the other hand, the obtained B. bigemina sequences showed a high similarity with those previously reported in GenBank with a percent identity ranging from 98.85 to 100%. T. annulata was the most prevalent tick-borne pathogen in examined bovine specimens. The genetic diversity of markers used for identification of T. annulata and A. marginale should be highly considered.

A practical methodology for the synthesis of key intermediates for isoprostane, neuroprostane and dihomo-isoprostane preparation has been described. The key strategy involved a three stage C-12 stereocenter inversion of the configuration of a Corey lactone, commercially available in an enantiopure form. The key intermediate was then used to prepare 17-E2c-dihomo-isoprostane and 17-F2c-dihomo-isoprostane.

Although Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has a recorded 5 years of circulation in 27 countries worldwide, there is no international study to assess whether there is variation in mortality by region. Neither has there been a comprehensive study detailing how the disease characteristics of MERS-CoV influence mortality in patients presenting symptoms. This study aimed to assess how region, patient and disease characteristics influence 14- and 45-day mortality in MERS patients. The author utilised publically available data on MERS-CoV. The study included 883 MERS patients reported between 5 January 2015 and 10 March 2017. Data on patient and disease characteristics were collected. The mean age at MERS-CoV diagnosis was 54.3 years: 69.1% were male, and 86.7% of the cases were reported from Saudi Arabia. About 40% of MERS patients studied were over the age of 60. The study estimated 14- and 45-day survival rates after initial onset of symptoms: 83.67% and 65.9%, respectively. Saudi Arabian MERS patients exhibited 4.1 and 5.0 times higher 14-day (adjusted hazard risk (aHR) = 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.012–16.921) and 45-day (aHR = 5.0; 95% CI 1.856–13.581) mortality risk compared with MERS patients in the Republic of Korea or other countries. Similarly, Middle Eastern MERS patients showed 5.3 and 4.1 times higher 14-day (aHR = 5.3; 95% CI 1.070–25.902) and 45-day (aHR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.288–113.076) mortality risk compared with MERS patients in the Republic of Korea or other countries. The results demonstrated a link between mortality and geography, disease and patient factors such as regions, symptoms, source of infections, underlying medical conditions, modes of transmission, non-healthcare workers and those of older age. Educational programmes, access to healthcare and early diagnosis could be implemented as modifiable factors to reduce the higher mortality rates in MERS patients.

This study investigates the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants in Ismailia, Port-said and Damietta cities, during a period from October 2016 to September 2017. A total of 130 fecal samples were collected from sporadic cases and 60 abomasal samples and 36 small intestinal samples were collected from slaughtered animals in abattoirs to detect the adult nematode parasites. The results indicated that sheep was infected with 5 species of nematodes 3 in abomasum and 2 types in small intestine. The prevalence of the infection were 26.15%, 30% and 11.11% in faecal , abomasal. and small intestine samples respectively. The highest prevalence of the nematodes was in young animals (71.42% in ovine sp., 14.28% in bovine sp. and 0.0% in caprine sp). Higher prevalence was in male sheep 60% than ewe 30%. Damietta was the highest in prevalence (47.6%) then in Ismailia (29.16%) and 0.0% in Port-said. The most prevalent species of nematodes in abomasum was Haemonchus contortus (26.67%), Ostertagia sp. (10%) and Trichostrongylus axei (3.33%). In small intestine, were Cooperia sp. (11.11%) and Nematodirus sp.(5.56%). Faecal egg count reduction test was carried out on Ivomec super & Albendazole to demonstrate the efficacy of anthelmintics, and proved the Ivomec was more potent than Albendazole in treatment of GINs.

Despite the harshness of the space radiation on satellite electronic components, some Commercial Of The Shelf (COTS) can sustain such harsh environment. Thus, the low-cost advantage of the COTS can be utilized given that these electronic components meet the technical design requirements of the targeted satellite subsystem. Because of the complexity of microcontrollers and their various integrated functionality, they present a hardness assurance challenge. A careful technique was followed in analyzing the space radiation effects. Then rigorous tests should be conducted to test the performance of the candidate microcontrollers under these effects. This paper presents the predicted dose depth curve and the total ionizing does test results for a commercial ARM microcontroller for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Such test results help estimate the effect of space environment on the microcontroller and decide if such microcontroller is an accepted candidate for LEO missions or not.

Nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance are serious and growing phenomenon in contemporary medicine and has emerged as one of the public health concerns. A total of seventy isolates of bacteria were collected from patients. The selected isolates include 33 (56.9%) from males and 25 (43.1%) from females. All bacteria were susceptible to imipenem followed by amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, respectively. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates (33 isolates) divided into four groups named Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus were selected to be identified according to the keys of different identification protocols. Escherichia coli found to be the most frequent pathogen within MDR isolates followed b y Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia , respectively. The MICs and MBCs of (Imipenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin) against the most resistant isolates were determined. Generally, P. aeruginosa (Strain No. 55) was found to be the highest resistant bacteria. Plasmid profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out, after incubation at 37oc for 24hr recorded no changes in plasmid and compared with incubation at 43oc (plasmid curing) which showed complete removal of plasmid bands and the tested bacteria became more sensitive to antibiotics. This study therefore determined the prevalence, anti-biotic susceptibility and plasmid patterns of P. aeruginosa strains from clinical specimens obtained from the intensive care units of Zagazig University Hospital in Egypt. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 703-711