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Purpose This brief report demonstrates how collaborative podcast series project to teach cultural content in English language classroom is design and implemented. This paper aims not only to facilitate speaking practice but also to build students’ cultural awareness, exercise creativity, promote critical thinking and foster learning collaboration. Design/methodology/approach This classroom observation study involved 78 students majoring English education department in a state Islamic university in East Java, Indonesia. The pedagogical intervention which facilitates this project includes extensive reading and viewing of local culture materials, interview practice project and collective reflections. After completing the project, students wrote collective reflective accounts, submitted their podcast links and followed focus group interview. Findings From the data analysis, it can be seen that incorporating local culture into English language learning can enhance student learning engagement, cultural awareness and tolerance, and collective reflective practice. Originality/value The finding of the study contributes to practical implications addressed to teachers and teacher educators in designing and implementing technology mediated cultural learning.

Optimal production of ammonia (NH3) using natural gas is necessary in order to make it available for wide range of applications including the manufacture of fertilizers, fuel for transportation and during synthesis of some chemicals. Achieving this would require strategic implementation of a control scheme to simulated ammonia production, capable of ensuring adequate realization of production targets. The work involves ASPEN Plus modeling, simulation, sensitivity analysis and control of NH3 production process. Steam/carbon ratio, conversion of CH4, removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen/nitrogen ratio and heat exchanger and separator temperatures were identified as requiring control in units any of these specifically impacts. As a result, approximately 176 tons of NH3 was realized daily based on the simulation results and can be scaled-up using a calculated factor equivalent to 1.1375 to 200 tons/day capacity, in this design. Sensitivity analysis resulting in control of certain unit parameters is effective in ensuring process safety, maximum yield of important end-products and reduction in the cost of operation

The fast change requires the ability of Islamic boarding school to respond fast, rightly and adaptively. Using qualitative phenomenology, this study tries to see the phenomenon of changes faced by Islamic Boarding School of Nurul Islam Jember. The result of this study is that the adaptation of changes is done by the model of safeguarding and conserving the positive local values (localities) and useful for the Islamic boarding school. As agent of change, the Islamic boarding school of Nurul Islam participates in the societies’ change actively. Besides that, the cancelling of personality is to prepare santri to have the religion and non-religion knowledge to be Islamic human who can apply their knowledge. The personality built by Islamic boarding school of Nurul Islam is able to face and respond the changes without ignoring the morals (Akhlaq). In fact, the Islamic boarding school of Nurul Islam tries to integrate the formal school system and Islamic boarding school system to build the capable generations. The Islamic boarding school with soft skill and the formal school with life skill will be the solution of adaptive education in the era of changes.

In the golden era of Islam, poetry as a part of Arabic literature continued to develop and still exists today. Arabic poetry is widely used by nuhats as a source of taking nahwu rules. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of poetry in taking the nahwu rules that are currently developing. This research employs descriptive qualitative research method. This research is a literature study related to the role of poetry in taking nahwu rules. The research data were analyzed by content analysis method with the aim of describing the content in detail. The results of the study show that sama’ has been one of the arguments/sources in creating rules in nahwu science. Sama’ is divided into three, they are the Qur'an, hadith and the sayings of Arabs in the poetry and prose. The poetry is widely used as hujjah or argument in nahwu rules by the nahwu scholars of various madzhabs, whether used as main arguments or supporting arguments, for which the main arguments are from the Qur'an and Hadith. Meanwhile, according to Arab scholars, literature occupies the third position as the most fluent Arabic language after the language of the Qur'an and Hadith. In addition to adding treasures in the study of Arabic literature, this research is expected to open more attention of Arab scholars to Arabic literary works such as poetry in developing easy nahwu rules. In addition, to add treasures to the study of Arabic literature, this research is expected to open more attention of Arab scholars to Arabic literary works such as poetry in developing easy nahwu rules.

The focus of this Research aims to obtain a picture of learning outcomes at the S1 level, especially in the faculty of education in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Learning outcomes are designed to face the era of the global market (MEA). Learning outcomes are a set of learning outcomes aimed at improving the quality of education in Indonesia. Learning Outcomes consists of education and training. The sub focus of this research is to find out whether learning outcomes are applied according to market needs, or there are still learning outcomes that need to be recommended for the IQF curriculum in Indonesia. This research method is qualitative and quantitative. Data obtained from curriculum documents and laws in force in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Data collection techniques by observation, interview and documentation. The results of the study showed that there were similarities in learning outcomes in the aspects of curriculum objectives, namely to equip students with life skills. The difference is in terms of character building and independence and responsibility.

Humans are social beings who must interact to fulfill the needs of their personal lives and reach their goals. What we are discussing is about the relation between family or parents and school during the pandemic to achieve educational goals both nationally and institutionally. This is so crucial issue. We know both family social institutions and educational institutions have an important role in building and shaping the personality of each child. The purpose of this study is to explore how the collaboration carried out by schools and families or parents in accompanying and guding their children during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used was a qualitative approach, where to see the phenomena occured in the online learning process and how the collaboration carried out by the teachers and parents made some effects. By taking a sample of one family, the datas collecting was carried out through observating, interviewing and documentating. The results of this study explainde that the collaboration between families and early childhood school during the pandemic can provide a better quality learning for students. The school provided the transforms of knowledge and noble values ??and also the development of children’s potentions. But the process of character building that is built by the school, of course, needed an active collaboration with others, especially the family. Early childhood school and family have the same strong responsibility to make sure that the learning objectives could be achieved together during the long distance learning in the pandemic period. Abstrak Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang membutuhkan interaksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam kehidupannya serta meraih tujuan yang diinginkan bersama. Demikian halnya dalam konteks mewujudkan kualitas pendidikan dibutuhkan hubungan baik interaksi yang dijalin dengan baik pula antara sekolah dengan pihak-pihak yang terkait, termasuk di dalamnya keluarga. Terlebih di masa pendemi, di mana proses belajar anak lebih banyak dilakukan dari rumah dan keluarga dituntut untuk lebih berperan aktif mendampingi anak dalam belajar. Kedua pihak, baik keluarga maupun sekolah mempunyai peran yang sama penting dalam membangun serta membentuk kepribadian seorang anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendalami bagaimana pola kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh sekolah dan orang tua dalam mendidik anak di masa pandemi Covid-19. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, yang bertujuan melihat fenomena yang terjadi pada proses pembelajaran daring khususnya pada pola kerja sama yang dibangun antara sekolah dan orang tua, dengan mengambil sampel sebuah keluarga yanag putra-putrinya menempuh jenjang pendidikan anak usia dini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kerja sama antara keluarga dan lembaga pendidikan pada masa pandemi sangat mendukung dalam menunjang kualitas belajar anak di rumah. Sekolah memiliki tanggung jawab dala transformasi pengetahun dan nilai-nilai akhlak mulia sekaligus mengembangkan potensi anak usia dini. Namun proses pembentukan kepribadian dan karakter yang diupayakan oleh sekolah tentu sangat membutuhkan dukungan dan kerja sama yang baik dengan pihak-pihak yang lain, terutama keluarga. Oleh karenanya lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini dan keluarga memiliki peran yang sama kuatnya untuk memastikan bahwa tujuan pembelajaran anak usia dini dapat dicapai bersama selama pembelajaran jarak jauh pada masa pandemi.

The research aims to study the effect of flow rate and temperature on corrosion rate of carbon steel pipe in condensate solution from geothermal power plant. The corrosion rate in this study highlighted by electrochemical measurement. Electrochemical measurement performed in two conditions i.e stagnant and dynamic conditions. There are three kinds of temperature used in this research : 30oC, 40oC, and 50oC. Modification of corrosion cell installed for dynamic condition with flow rate variations : 0.27 m/s; 0.6 m/s; 1 m/s; 1.5 m/s; and 1.9 m/s. It was found that corrosion rate boosts with temperature and fluid flow rate in condensate solution of geothermal power plant. The highest corrosion rate (38 mpy) obtained at 50oC and 1.9 m/s of flow rate.

Pesantren is an ideal partner for the government to jointly improve the quality of education as a basis for implementing social transformation. It provides qualified human resources with good morals emphasizing moderate religious values that reflect within the Islamic value of rahmatan lilalamin. This paper wants to see pesantren-based universities in giving birth to moderate religious academics. By taking the object of study Nurul Jadid university, which is a high miscarriage based pesantren. This research applied a descriptive study by using a qualitative approach. The research participants were Islamic scholars (kyai), lecturers, and students at the University of Nurul Jadid. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. This study showed that establishing the Islamic boarding school culture produced moderate religious academics at Nurul Jadid University. It was by implementing the supremacy of kyai’s preaching and teaching (dawuh kyai). It was constructed through artifacts, values, and assumptions emphasizing moderate religious aspects. Abstrak: Pesantren menjadi partner yang ideal bagi pemerintah untuk bersama-sama meningkatkan mutu pendidikan sebagai basis bagi pelaksanaan transformasi sosial melalui penyediaan sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni dan berakhlakul karimah yang menekankan nilai-nilai religius moderat yang mencerminkan nilai Islam rahmatan lilalamin. Tulisan ini ingin melihat perguruan tinggi berbasis pesantren dalam melahirkan akademisi religius moderat. Dengan mengambil objek kajian Universitas Nurul Jadid yang merupakan perguran tinggi berbasis pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam,observasi partisipatif dan studi dokumen. Data-data yang yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis secara simultan, dengan teknik: pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan konstruksi budaya pesantren dalam melahirkan akademisi religius moderat di Univesitas Nurul Jadid dilakukan dengan kekuatan dawuh kyai yang di konstruksi melalui artifak, nilai, dan asumsi yang mengedepankan aspek religius moderat

Kajian dalam tulisan ini tentang konsep Al-Qur`an tentang Nilai-Nilai Kejujuran Dalam Pendidikan (Tela`ah Kitab Safwah Al-Tafasir, karya Syekh Muhammad Ali As-Sabuni) bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep dan nilai kejujuran yang terkandung dalam Al-Qur`an yang ditinjau dari ranah pendidikan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian tematik yang bertujuan untuk menemukan sebuah konsep dan nilai kejujuran dalam Al-Qur`an. Bebarapa konsep yang tercantum dalam Al-Qur`an tentang kejujuran, yang di antaranya adalah: 1) صدق yang bermakna jujur dan benar. 2) صدق yang berarti membenrkan. 3) صدق yng mempunyai arti maskawin. 4) صدق bermakna memberikan sedekah. 5) تصدق yang berarti memberikan sedekah pula. Nilai-nilai kejujuran yang ada di dalam Al-Qur`an adalah kejujuran dalam bersikap, yang di antaranya: 1) Jujur dalam berkata. 2) Jujur dalam hati. 3) Tidak berkhianat. Lawan sifat jujur adalah: 1) Berkata dusta. 2) Menghianati janji. 3) Lalai dalam menjalankan amanah. Syekh Muhammad Ali As-Sabuni memberikan gambaran dari orang yang jujur. Bahwa orang yang jujur adalah kepercayaan yang utuh kepada Allah SWT dan kepada para utusan utusannya, tidak memiliki keraguan dalam beriman kepada Allah SWT serta mengorbankan segala harta benda yang dimilikinya semata mata hanyalah karena Allah SWT. Jujur memiliki banyak pengaruh diantaranya adalah: 1) Memilik watak yang baik. 2) Mengikat silaturrahim yang baik. 3) Tertanamnya kepercayaan dari semua orang.

Zakat fitrah is a zakat that must be issued by every individual who is Muslim whose time is related to the holy month of Ramadan. The purpose of zakat fitrah is to purify the soul and fulfill the needs of the needy and poor people on Eid al-Fitr. For the determination of mustahiq must be exactly as specified in Islamic law so that the purpose of zakat fitrah implemented.The practice of managing zakat fitrah in Ngadirojo Village, Sooko District, Ponorogo Regency is left to each mosque in the village. The distribution is carried out by distributing zakat fitrah to people in need and orphanages. But there are still mosques where the distribution of zakat fitrah is distributed evenly by the zakat committee to local residents without looking and considering the economic situation as a mustahiq. In the village there is also one mosque that utilizes zakat fitrah for khataman activities at the end of Ramadan. Why is zakat fitrah in one mosque in Ngadirojo village distributed evenly to local residents without looking at the poor or rich and why does zakat fitrah be used for religious activities? then how about a review of Islamic Law on these practices? This type of research conducted in this study is field research, namely data obtained from direct searches regarding the management of zakat fitrah in Ngadirojo Village, Sooko District, Ponororgo Regency. In getting the data, the compiler made observations and interviews directly to Mudin (zakat fitrah manager in Ngadirojo Village), zakat fitrah committee, and local residents. While the approach that the authors did in this study uses a normative approach, which is to solve the problem using the Qur'an, the hadith, and opinions of the scholars. In analyzing the constituent data using qualitative analysis by analyzing all data collected then described by the inductive method.The practice of the distribution of zakat fitrah in some mosques in Ngadirojo Village distributed to people in need and orphanages is in accordance with Islamic Law. But the distribution of zakat fitrah which is distributed evenly and the use of zakat fitrah for khataman events at the Ar-Rohmah Mosque, Hamlet Wates, Ngadirojo Village cannot be justified in Islamic Law because it does not match what is stated in the Koran at-Taubah verse 60 and not in accordance with the Prophet's hadith.

Mitigation and control of bacterial corrosion must have been prioritized for failure anticipation by corrosion associated with microorganisms. Using synthetic inhibitor for material protection from corrosion have problems because it is not eco-friendly. This work conducted preliminary studies on T. cordifolia stem extracts at various methanol ratios against P. aeruginosa biofilm as a new eco-friendly inhibitor. The T. cordifolia stem was extracted by the maceration method with a different ratio of methanol solvent (100, 75 and 50 %). The bacterial activity was assessed using the dilution method (MTT assay) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Follin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric, respectively. Meanwhile, the structure of the active compounds in the extract was identified by using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The yields of T. cordifolia extracts are 9.45, 7.56 and 8.40 % at 100, 75 and 50 % of methanol ratios, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) in crude methanol extract of T. cordifolia is 11.20, 9.46 and 6.56 % for 100, 75 and 50 % of methanol ratios. Meanwhile, the flavonoid content (TFC) was obtained is about 5.25, 0.64 and 0.33 % for 100, 75 and 50 % of methanol concentrations, respectively. The T. cordifolia extract has antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa in all ratios of methanol concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of T. cordifolia methanol extract was found at 4096 µg/mL. Methanol solvent concentration with the most active antibacterial activity of the extract was 50 %, followed by 75 and 100 %. The structures of the active compound in the methanolic extract of T. cordifolia are a phenolic group, and it is in the alkaloid derivatives (Calopiptin, d-Lirioferine (Lirioferine), Moupinamide, Piperanine, and Yuanhunine). HIGHLIGHTS The crude methanol extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem has potential against aeruginosa in the marine environment The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found at 4096 µg/mL of extract in a ratio of 50:50 (v/v) of methanol to water The compound structures in cordifolia methanol extracts are Calopiptin, d-Lirioferine (Lirioferine), Moupinamide, Piperanine, and Yuanhunine GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The investigation of atmospheric corrosion of mild carbon steel as representative of offshore infrastructure has been carried out in the marine tropical of Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java, Indonesia. They are exposed up to 76 days of periods, and their corrosion rates are determined according to ASTM G1-03. The surface morphology, the elemental compositions and compounds were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The environmental parameters of the test site are monitored during exposure, such as air temperature, relative humidity (RH), airborne salinity and dew temperature. Based on the results, the corrosion rates of steels were 2.79 and 2.8 mpy within the 27 and 76 days exposures, respectively. The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion. Moreover, the detrimental effect of chloride was observed in rust product, which was covered by an oxygen element. The main phases of rust products present were magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O). Several cracks were observed in the rust layer, which tended to exfoliate and lose adherence and protectiveness from further corrosion attack. HIGHLIGHTS The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion. The severity of corrosion attack mainly depends on the exposure time and some climatic parameters, such as relative humidity (RH), air temperature and chloride airborne. The uniform distribution of the chloride tends to increase the production of ferrous chloride in high RH condition and the aqueous layer deposited on carbon steel. There are two phases on corroded carbon steel such as hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) after exposure GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

In this study, we presented observations and analyze related to internal corrosion in condensate pipes in geothermal power plants. A damaged pipe of condensate pipeline taken from a power plant was investigated to determine the root cause of failure. The observation and failure analysis was carried out by visual and dimensional examination, chemical composition testing, macroscopic, and microscopic examination, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examination with Energy Dispersed Spectrometer (EDS). The deposit in the pipe was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The quality of the condensate fluid and their tendencies were determined by Langelier Saturation Index (LSI). Also, the corrosion rate of the pipe was simulated by condensate fluid by using a corrosion measurement system (Tafel polarization). The internal corrosion was found in the condensate line is strongly suspected to occur due to erosion-corrosion. Erosion corrosion is caused by insoluble and hard particles in the condensate fluid. The results of XRD found the presence of calcium-silicate compounds in the sediment that is suspected to be the cause of erosion particles. The reduction of the thickness of the bottom pipe wall and occurs in longitudinal directions the alleged damage to the pipe due to sediment corrosion. The presence of hard compounds and differential oxygen can accelerate the process of corrosion so that the corrosion rate in condensate pipelines was a category in the severe category based on NACE SP0775 standards.

Pendidikan Islam, sebelumnya hanya dipersepsi sebagai materi ajar, sekarang telah dipersepsi sebagai materi,sebagai institusi, sebagai kultur, dan sebagai system. Inilah yang sekarang tercermin dalam undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional dan peraturan pemerintah secara operasional mengatur pelaksanaan undang-undang tersebut. Dengan demikian, maka peneyebutan istilah “pendidikan islam” bisa mencakup empat persepsi: pertama, pendidikan islam dalam pengertian materi; kedua, pendidikan islam dalam pengertian institusi; ketiga, pendidikan islam dalam pengertian budaya dan nilai-nilai, dan keempat, pendidikan islam dalam pengertian pendidikan yang islami. Oleh karenanya dalam konteks perubahan zaman, perkembangan institusi pendidikan islam tidak sepenuhnya bisa menghindar dari perubahan, sebagiman pondok pesntren, lembaga-lembaga islam juga mneganut prinsip “continuity and change” atau dalam bahasa pesantrennya disebut“ al-muhaadhah alal qadim ash-shalih wal akhdzu bil jaded al-ashlah”, intitusi pendidikan islam akan terus melakukan perubahan dan adopsi inovasi tetapi tetap mmepertahankan tradisi yang baik dan bermanfaat.

Moral decadence phenomenon among teenagers includes college student. Lately, it has disturbed many parties. The phenomenon could seen from juvenile deliquency, drug, and free relationship. Higher educational institution that shoud be moral development center and students moral, even in some cases being a moral decadence transit. Therefore, educational institution is not only expected as a place to get knowledge, but also could give enough stock in educating strong student morals to face globalization era. The development of religious culture in MI Al-Barokah An-Nur Ajung Jember is carried out by instilling systematic behavior or manners in practicing their religions, so that they have good personality, character, noble morality, and responsibility, both their relationship with Allah, with human beings and with the environment. therefore, the values developed at MI Al-Barokah An-Nur were emphasizing morality, achievement, discipline and environmental culture. Fenomena dekadensi moral di kalangan remaja termasuk mahasiswa. Belakangan ini hal itu meresahkan banyak pihak. Fenomena tersebut terlihat dari kenakalan remaja, narkoba, dan hubungan bebas. Perguruan tinggi yang seharusnya menjadi pusat pengembangan moral dan moral siswa, bahkan dalam beberapa kasus menjadi transit dekadensi moral. Oleh karena itu, lembaga pendidikan tidak hanya diharapkan sebagai tempat menimba ilmu, tetapi juga dapat memberikan bekal yang cukup dalam mendidik akhlak siswa yang kuat untuk menghadapi era globalisasi. Pengembangan budaya keagamaan di MI Al-Barokah An-Nur Ajung Jember dilakukan dengan menanamkan perilaku atau tata krama yang sistematis dalam mengamalkan agamanya, sehingga memiliki kepribadian, akhlak, akhlak yang mulia, dan tanggung jawab yang baik, baik hubungannya dengan Allah, maupun hubungan mereka dengan Allah. dengan manusia dan dengan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu nilai-nilai yang dikembangkan di MI Al-Barokah An-Nur adalah mengutamakan moralitas, prestasi, disiplin dan budaya lingkungan.

Penggunaan kalsium sangat luas dalam berbagai aplikasi sektor industri. Dolomit merupakan salah satu sumber penghasil kalsium selain batu kapur dan air laut. Ekstraksi kalsium dari mineral dolomit dapat dilakukan melalui proses pelarutan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan proses pelarutan dolomit menggunakan larutan asam klorida untuk mengekstrak kalsium. Pelarutan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan kecepatan pengadukan, konsentrasi asam, suhu proses dan rasio padatan terhadap larutan untuk setiap waktu proses 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 4 dan 5 jam. Setelah proses pelarutan pada waktu tertentu sejumlah larutan diambil dengan menggunakan pipet sebanyak 5 mL kemudian disaring dan dianalisis menggunakan ICP-OES. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi kalsium (CaCl2) terekstrak meningkat dengan penambahan konsentrasi asam, rasio cairan/padatan dan peningkatan suhu. Hasil optimum dicapai pada suhu 75 °C, konsentrasi larutan 2 M HCl dan kecepatan pengadukan 400 rpm dengan efisiensi kalsium terekstrak sebesar 97,57 %.

The problem of corrosion in water cooling systems often caused by water quality. The immersion test was carried out to find out the performance of low carbon steel in the feedwater. The method for the immersion test is the planned-interval test. The corrosion rate of the steel was determined by weight loss, whereas the liquid corrosiveness of the solution was measured by multimeter Hach HQ40d. The morphology of corrosion products characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of immersion of low carbon steel in the feedwater shows that the liquid corrosivity tends to be constant during the exposure time with similar water quality parameters. The corrodibility of low carbon steel decreases with the length of exposure time. The decrease of metal corrodibility identical to the lower corrosion rate at a longer exposure time due to the layer a corrosion product formed. The corrosion products are uniform with iron oxide in the FeO(OH) and Fe2O3.H2O during immersion tests.

The heat exchanger is vital equipment for production in Kujang ammonia plant. Therefore, heat exchanger material must be resistant to corrosion. The corrosion rate of various carbon steels equal to existing material used in Kujang ammonia plant was investigated to evaluate the corrosion resistance of heat exchanger material. There were four types of carbon steels used in this experiment, i.e., A192, A515-70, C1015, and C1045. The corrosion rate of all samples obtained by weight loss and polarization methods. Weight loss methods measure the corrosion rate after 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 days of exposure time. Polarization methods measure the corrosion rate in inlet water of Kujang ammonia plant at 32, 37, and 50°C. The measurement reveals that carbon steel C1045 is the most resistant to corrosion at each temperature.

ionRestorative Justice accommodates the interests of the parties, including the victim, because the victim in this case is involved in determining the sanctions for the perpetrator. Restorative Justice returns conflict to the most affected parties (victims, perpetrators and “their community”) and gives priority to their interests. Restorative justice seeks to restore the victim's safety, personal respect, dignity, and more importantly a sense of control. By adhering to the paradigm of restorative justice, it is hoped that the loss and suffering suffered by the victim and his family can be recovered and the guilt burden of the perpetrator of the crime can be reduced because he has received forgiveness from the victim or his family.

Biokorosi atau Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) adalah salah satu bentuk korosi lokal yang dihasilkan dari mikroorganisme dan aktivitasnya yang mempunyai dampak negatif pada fasilitas di industri minyak dan gas. Keberadaan mikroorganisme dan aktivitasnya yang kompleks memainkan peranan penting dalam pembentukan biofilm dan produk korosi yang menyebabkan kerusakan peralatan. Meskipun beberapa teknik mitigasi dan pencegahan dalam usaha pengendalian mikroorganisme telah dilakukan, tinjauan tentang mitigasi korosi yang dipengaruhi mikroorganisme masih terbatas. Dalam tinjauan ini, dibahas jenis mikroorganisme terkait biokorosi, pembentukan biofilm, teknik deteksi dan evaluasi mikroorganisme, teknologi pencegahan dan pengendalian mikroorganisme di industri minyak dan gas. Perkembangan teknologi terkini pengendalian mikroorganisme di industri lainnya juga turut dibahas.

Proses pemotongan kerupuk pada saat ini umumnya masih dilakukan secara manual yang hasilnya sedikit dan biayanya tinggi.selain secara manual pemotongan dengan menggunakan mesin mulai dikembangkan untuk mencapai hasil yang baik dan biaya produksi yang rendah. Masalah yang ingin di ketahui dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana merencanakan, melakukan pengujian dan pembandingan antara mesin potong dengan pemotongan secara manual.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Daya yang diperlukan motor untuk menggerakkan mesin adalah 0,25 hp, Sistem transmisi yang digunakan adalah menggunakan v-belt dengan panjang 1119 ,32 mm dari motor listrik ke Gearbox ukuran perbandingan 30:1 dengan jarak sumbu poros sebesar 200,5 mm dari Gearbox ke poros pisau pemotong, Perbandingan hasil potong mesin pemotong lontongan kerupuk ikan haruan dengan menggunakan tenaga manusia diperlukan biaya upah sebanyak Rp.5.000/jam dengan hasil pemotongan sebanyak 2 kg/jam dan dengan menggunakan mesin pemotong lontongan ikan haruan dengan menggunakan 1 pisau adalah 15 kg/jam.

The problem of corrosion were common phenomena in heat exchanger. The quality of feed water and material was one of the causes of corrosion. Carbon steel was commonly used as tube heat exchanger in ammonia plant. Low carbon steel was immersed in simulated feed water to determine the corrosion rate. Water quality parameter such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), conductivity, salinity, and pH were measured. It is found that the corrosion rate was increase for the first week and increase in 3 weeks, then decrease for the next week. Corrosion resistance of low carbon steel was influenced by DO, TDS, and conductivity. And the morphology of the corroded low carbon steel tended to be uniform after exposure in simulated feed water.

SIPerlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja merupakan pemenuhan hak dasar yangmelekat dan dilindungi oleh konstitusi sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 27 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun1945 yang berbunyi : “ Tiap-tiap warga negara berhak atas pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak bagi kemanusiaan” Pasal 33 ayat (1) yang menyatakan bahwa:” Perekonomian disusun sebagai usaha bersama atas kekeluargaan”. Perlindungan terhadap pekerja dimaksudkan untuk menjamin hak-hak pekerja dan menjamin kesamaan kesempatan serta perlakuan tanpa adanya diskriminasi atas apapun untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan pekerja dan keluarganya dengan tetap memperhatikan perkembangan kemajuan dunia usaha dan kepentingan pengusaha.Peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan perlindungan bagi pekerja yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan peraturan pelaksana dari perundang-undangan dibidang ketenagakerjaan.Perlindungan hukum mempunyai makna sebagai perlindungan dengan menggunakan sarana hukumatau perlindungan yang diberikan oleh hukum, ditunjukan terhadap kepentingan-kepentingan tertentu, yaitu dengan cara menjadikan kepentingan yang perlu dilindungi tersebut ke dalam sebuah hak hukum. Dalam hukum “hak” disebut juga hukum subyektif. Hukum subyektif merupakan segi aktif dari pada hubungan hukum yang diberikan oleh hukum obyektif, dalam hal hukum subyektif adalah norma-norma, kaidah. Perlindungan hukum selalu terkait dengan Peran dan fungsi hukum sebagai pengatur dan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan masyarakat. Bronislaw Malinowski dalam bukunya “Crime and Costum In Savege”, mengatakan bahwa hukum tidak hanya beperan di dalam keadaan-keadaan yang penuh kekerasan dan pertentangan, akan tetapi bahwa hukum juga berperan pada aktivitas sehari-hari.Kata Kunci : Perlindungan hukum , hak - hak pekerja, perjanjian kerja

This article discusses the Arabic codification process, the systematic compilation of Arabic dictionaries and the stories of Arabic lexicologists and their works from time to time. This study uses a library approach, with data collection techniques through reviewing and searching for library materials from books, journals and other relevant sources. The data collected were analyzed by the text study method with the aim of describing the content in detail and aiming to find out the contribution of dictionaries to the development of lexicology, how the process of compiling dictionaries was carried out by lexicologists, and the characteristics of dictionaries from time to time with their advantages and disadvantages. The results are: 1) The dictionary as a reference book in finding the meaning of words is certainly very helpful in the development of lexicology. 2) Lexicologists in producing dictionaries have struggled so hard, tirelessly, traveling from one corner of the village to another to get and understand the meaning of a word. 3) The works of lexicologists with various systematics of compiling dictionaries have characteristics with their respective advantages and disadvantages which are a major contribution to the development of lexicology as part of linguistics, especially Arabic linguistics and literature.يناقش هذا المقال عملية تدوين اللغة العربية والتجميع المنهجي للقواميس العربية وقصص علماء المعاجم العربية وأعمالهم من وقت لآخر. تستخدم هذه الدراسة نهج المكتبة ، مع تقنيات جمع البيانات من خلال المراجعة والبحث عن مواد المكتبة من الكتب والمجلات والمصادر الأخرى ذات الصلة. تم تحليل البيانات التي تم جمعها باستخدام طريقة الدراسة النصية بهدف وصف المحتوى بالتفصيل بهدف معرفة مساهمة القواميس في تطوير المعجم ، وكيف تم تنفيذ عملية تجميع القواميس من قبل علماء المعاجم ، وخصائص المعجم. قواميس من وقت لآخر مع مزاياها وعيوبها. النتائج هي: 1) القاموس ككتاب مرجعي في العثور على معنى الكلمات بالتأكيد مفيد جدا في تطوير علم المعاجم. 2) لقد ناضل علماء المعجم في إنتاج القواميس بشدة ، بلا كلل ، وهم يسافرون من زاوية في القرية إلى أخرى للحصول على معنى الكلمة وفهمها. 3) إن أعمال علماء المعاجم مع مختلف نظم تجميع القواميس لها خصائص مع مزايا وعيوب كل منها والتي تعد مساهمة كبيرة في تطوير علم المعاجم كجزء من علم اللغة ، وخاصة اللسانيات والأدب العربي.

Penggunaan baja karbon dalam pembangunan infrastruktur kawasan maritim dan lepas pantai sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan akibat korosi. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu terhadap laju korosi dari baja karbon tersebut, maka dilakukan pengkajian korosi dengan metode Tafel polarisasi linear secara elektrokimia pada media air laut. Ekstraspolasi Tafel dilakukan pada berbagai suhu dengan mengubah potensial elektroda secara otomatis. Hasil laju korsi baja karbon rendah pada media air laut pada suhu ruang, 37 o C dan 50 o C masing-masing sebesar 5,54 mpy; 11,91mpy dan 14,53 mpy. Kenaikan suhu akan menyebabkan bertambahnya kecepatan reaksi dan mengakibatkan laju korosi menjadi meningkat. Selain faktor suhu larutan, korosi di media air laut juga dipengaruhi oleh kandungan oksigen terlarut, salinitas, pH dan total padatan terlarut.

The investigation of corrosion for carbon steel and galvanized steel has been conducted in the marine atmosphere of Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts, West Java Province. The exposure time of the field test was up to 200 days, and their corrosion rates are determined according to weight loss method. The objective of the work is to elucidate the corrosion behavior of those alloys which is affected by distances from coastline and environmental condition. The magnitude of corrosion rate for carbon steel was 20 times as high as that for galvanized steel in both districts The distance from coastline has significantly affected for the magnitude of corrosion rate, where that both alloys in Ciwaringin is lower than that in Eretan. The deposition of chloride ion in Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts were 4.305 mg/m2 day and 1.863 mg/m2 day, respectively, where the higher chloride ion can tend to increase the corrosion rates. Relative humidity (RH) which is over 60% has essential role for corrosion process as well as rainfall. The uniform corrosion attack was observed both alloys after exposure. The corrosion product phases of galvanized steel exhibits as zincite, hydrozincite and simonkolleite in Eretan as the typical coastline atmosphere phases but not in Ciwaringin. The formation of rust product for both metals lead the decrease of further corrosion attack due to the barrier between metal and environment. The usage of galvanized steel is remarkable to minimize corrosion attack compared to that of carbon steel in tropical coastline.

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the level of compatibility of Arabic language textbooks at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta with the general purpose of learning Arabic. This research is a descriptive and non-interactive study. The research method used is the content analysis, because in this study the contents of the textbooks in Arabic was analyzed The results of the study show that in general the books evaluated have been good and decent enough to be used as book dars, except that there needs to be an adjustment in terms of material content. In terms of the completeness, breadth and depth of the material, it appears that the book al-arabiyyah bi annamadziz, al-arabiyyah li tullabil jamiah, and the Arabic language of the Quran, make Arabic material complete, detailed, and profound which is gradually adjusted to the level of marhalah. In terms of material accuracy, these books contain grammatical and accurate terms In terms of the latest material, the book a al-arabiyyah bi annamadziz is considered not up-to-date.

Studi korosi atmosfer baja galvanis dilakukan di daerah pantai Pelabuhan Ratu, Jawa Barat, dimana diatur waktu ekspos hingga 76 hari. Perfoma ketahanan korosinya ditentukan dengan metode kehilangan berat. Morfologi permukaan, komposisi unsur dan senyawa produk korosi baja galvanis diamati dengan menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Faktor lingkungan udara yang mempengaruhi proses korosi dimonitoring selama ekspos antara lain kelembaban relatif, suhu udara, suhu embun dan salinitas udara. Berdasarkan hasil, nilai laju korosi material adalah 0,64 mpy di waktu ekspos 27 hari dan 0,12 mpy di 76 hari. Prediksi umur pakai lapisan seng baja galvanis adalah 18 tahun. Kombinasi waktu basah dan kering bergantian ditandai dengan fluktuasi kelembaban udara dan suhu menciptakan lapisan protektif kusam dan kelabu seiring peningkatan waktu ekspos. Keberadaan klorida sebagai pemercepat reaksi korosi kurang berperan, dikarenakan kadar salinitas yang kecil. Fasa produk lapisan seng adalah zincite (ZnO) dan hydrozincite (Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 .(OH) 6 ) dimana lapisan tersebut sangat protektif untuk serangan korosi berlanjut.

Corrosion is one of the most common problems in water distribution systems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the corrosion rate of carbon steel in synthetic freshwater. The influence of a variety of time exposure that represents the actual conditions in practice was performed. Research conducted by weight loss methods using immersion test. The parameters of water quality were measured by using a multimeter portable (Hach HQ40d). From the experiments obtained that the corrosion rate of carbon steel in freshwater ranged between 0.41 - 0.76 mpy. The results of this study are expected as a first step, as input for prevention, to prevent leakage flow and pipe due to corrosion by the life that has been designed.

The main problem in cooling water systems in geothermal power plant units is supported by corrosion, deposits, and slime. Corrosion can shorten the life of cooling water system equipment due to a decrease in operating efficiency, leakage, and pollution. These problems, occur very complex and many causes. On the other hand, most cooling water systems in the industry contain carbon steel components that are easily corroded. To determine the value of the corrosion rate of carbon steel in a geothermal power plant, a simulation test using an open recirculating system was carried out. The simulation process is done by an interval test method and based on NACE RP0775 standard. The corrosion rate of those steel was determined by weight loss method. The Morphology of surface and composition of corrosion products are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion rate values of carbon steel from the simulation results for 1, 3 and 4 weeks were 2.29 mmpy; 1.23 mmpy; and 0.93 mmpy, respectively. There is a decrease in the corrosion rate of the simulation time is extended, because of passive film layers on the steel surface. Meanwhile, the most dominant water parameters in this simulation are dissolved oxygen (DO). The change of DO greatly affect the corrosion rate of carbon steel. Based on the product morphology of corrosion, corrosion attacks occur locally. Corrosion products form oxide compounds in the form of Fe 3 O 4 , FeOOH, and Fe 2 O 3 . Abstrak Masalah utama dalam sistem pendingin air dalam unit pembangkit listrik panas bumi meliputi korosi, deposit dan slime (lendir). Korosi dapat memperpendek umur pakai peralatan sistem pendingin air karena mengakibatkan penurunan efisiensi operasi, kebocoran dan polusi. Masalah-masalah tersebut sangat komplek dan banyak faktor penyebabnya. Di sisi lain, sebagian besar sistem air pendingin di industri mengandung komponen baja karbon yang mudah terkorosi. Untuk mengetahui nilai laju korosi baja karbon pada unit pembangkit listrik panas bumi, maka dilakukan uji simulasi menggunakan sistem resirkulasi air terbuka pada temperatur 37 °C. Proses simulasi dilakukan dengan metode interval test dan berdasarkan standar NACE RP0775. Laju korosi baja tersebut diukur dengan metode pengurangan berat. Morfologi permukaan dan komposisi produk korosi dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM ( scanning electron microscopy ), XRD ( x-ray diffract ion ) dan EDS ( energy dispersive spectroscopy ). Nilai laju korosi baja karbon hasil uji simulasi selama 1, 3 dan 4 minggu masing-masing sebesar 2,29 mmpy; 1,23 mmpy; dan 0,93 mmpy. Terjadi penurunan laju korosi jika waktu simulasi diperpanjang akibat terbentuknya lapisan produk korosi pada permukaan baja. Sementara itu, parameter air yang paling menentukan laju korosi adalah DO (dissolved oxygen). Perubahan DO sangat mempengaruhi kecepatan laju korosi. Berdasarkan morfologi produk korosi, serangan korosi terjadi secara lokal yang sebarannya merata. Produk korosi berupa senyawa oksida dalam bentuk Fe3O4, FeOOH dan Fe2O3.

Magnesium is widely used in varieties industrial sector. Dolomite is one source of magnesium besides seawater. The extraction of magnesium from dolomite ores can be done by leaching process. In this work, the dolomite leaching to extract magnesium by hydrochloric acid was investigated. The leaching experiments were performed in a spherical glass batch reactor having a capacity of 1000 ml. The effects of the stirring speed, acid concentration, reaction temperature and liquid-solid ratio for each reaction time of 1; 2; and 3 h on the Mg leaching have been evaluated. 5 ml of solution sample were collected from the leached solutions, then it was filtered prior to analysis by ICP OES. The experimental results show that the magnesium extraction increases along with the increase of acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio and temperature. The optimum conditions for magnesium extraction were achieved at temperature 75 °C, extraction time 3 h, the HCl concentration of 2 M, the liquid-solid ratio 20 ml/g and stirring speed of 400 rpm. At this condition 98, 82 % of magnesium were extracted from dolomite. The conclusion obtained from this leaching process is that the magnesium can be extracted from dolomite by using hydrochloric acid solutions.

In this study, the corrosion behavior of carbon steel had been investigated in the river of Sukabumi Region, West Java. The corrosion rates of those steels were measured by weight-loss method after exposure for certain periods of time in various depth of water (0 meters and 1 meter). The surface morphology and the composition of their corrosion product were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD (X-ray diffractometer) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). After exposure, the entire surface of carbon steel was covered by corrosion product in all depth of water. On the basis of results, the corrosion rate of those steels was 19.86 mpy for 0 meters of depth and 7.01 mpy for 1 meter of depth after exposure for 76 days, respectively, which means the no protective oxides on the surface of carbon steel at 0 meters.

At present work, the experiment to dissolve titanium from the Indonesian Ilmenite into the aqueous sulphuric acid solutions has been done through the following process: Ilmenite decomposition using NaOH at temperature 800°C for 5 hours to produced decomposed Ilmenite, followed with titanium dissolution from the decomposed Ilmenite into the aqueous sulphuric acid solutions in the glass reactor. The variables used for dissolution process were covering: dissolution temperature from 30°C to 70°C, sulphuric acid concentrations from 5% to 15%, and dissolution time from 30 minutes up to 180 minutes. The influence of those all variables were observed on the titanium dissolution from the decomposed Ilmenite. Result of the dissolution experiment show that the dissolved titanium in the aqueous sulphuric acid solutions increased when the dissolution temperature was increased from 30°C to 60°C, sulphuric acid concentration were increased from 5% to 15% and dissolution time were extended from 30 minutes to 180 minutes.

Mangan Sulfat adalah bahan baku penting dalam produksi beberapa senyawa mangan di berbagai industri. Oleh karena itu, pembuatan Mangan Sulfat dari bijih mangan kadar rendah untuk produksi senyawa dengan kemurnian yang tinggi menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Untuk membuat serbuk MnSO 4 .H 2 O dengan kemurnian tinggi dari larutan hasil pelindian bijih mangan, maka perlu dilakukan proses kristalisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat serbuk Mangan Sulfat dari pelindian bijih mangan kadar rendah dengan metode kristalisasi. Kristalisasi dilakukan pada setiap sampel sebanyak 500 mL larutan Mangan Sulfat pada suhu ± 98 o C dalam berbagai waktu. Kemudian didinginkan pada temperatur kamar ± 30 o C dan pada media air es ± 3 o C. Analisis kadar mangan sebelum dan sesudah proses kristalisasi dilakukan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometer . Morfologi serbuk produk mangan dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope yang dilengkapi dengan E nergy D ispersive S pectromete r . Hasil kristalisasi sangat efektif untuk menghilangkan unsur pengotor dalam serbuk MnSO 4 .H 2 O. Unsur pengotor mengalami penurunan sebesar 99,15% dan 98,96% dalam proses kristalisasi dengan pendinginan di udara dan pendinginan menggunakan air es. Sementara itu, serbuk kristal yang dihasilkan mengandung lebih dari 98% MnSO 4 .H 2 O dengan unsur pengotor dibawah 2%. Serbuk kristal pada pendinginan udara cenderung memiliki struktur yang lebih teratur dan berukuran relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan struktur dan ukuran kristal pada pendinginan air es.

B ahwa untuk melaksanakan ketentuan Pasal 42 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 54 Tahun 2007 tentang Pelaksanaan Pengangkatan Anak, perlu menetapkan Peraturan Menteri Sosial tentang Bimbingan, Pengawasan, dan Pelaporan Pelaksanaan Pengangkatan Anak . Pengangkatan anak harus dilakukan berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku, proses pengangkatan anak harus melalui penetapan Pengadilan hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 54 tahun 2007. Pengangkatan anak yang dilakukan tanpa penetapan pengadilan dapat menimbulkan akibat hukum yang merugikan baik bagi anak angkat maupun orangtua angkatnya. Akibat-akibat hukum yang dapat timbul seperti misalnya, terganggunya hubungan anak angkat dengan anggota keluarga lain dalam hal pewarisan ataupun hak-hak dan kewajiban masing - masing seperti yang telah diatur didalam perundang-undangan. Dengan adanya penetapan pengadilan atas pengangkatan anak ini menjadikan anak angkat mendapat kepastian hukum yang sangat penting didalam statusnya sebagai anggota keluarga baru dalam lingkungan keluarga orangtua angkatnya .

Munculnya counter productive dalam dunia pendidikan telah menyebabkan munculnya gejala-gejala di kalangan anak muda, bahkan orang tua, yang menunjukkan bahwa mereka mengabaikan nilai dan moral dalam tata krama pergaulan yang sangat diperlukan dalam suatu masyarakat yang beradab. Keprihatinan terhadap dekadensi moral ibarat sebilah pisau bermata dua. Jika mencari akar masalah pada orang lain pada hakikatnya akar masalah itu juga bermula dari diri sendiri sehingga menyalahkan orang lain berarti pula menyalahkan diri sendiri. Untuk itu perlu dicarikan solusi dan aksi pendidikan akhlak yang tepat. Penelitian mengenai “Model Pendidikan Akhlak Aplikatif-Integratif di SMPN 2 Jember” dilakukan berpijak dari keprihatinan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa desain pendidikan akhlak aplikatif integratif di SMP Negeri 2 Jember dengan menerapkan empat model, pertama terintegrasi dengan kegiatan belajar mengajar (KBM). Kedua buadaya sekolah yang meliputi kegiatan rutin yang merupakan kegiatan sudah terprogam, kegiatan spontan, keteladanan dari tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, pengkondisian fisik maupun non-fisik. Ketiga kegiatan ekstra kurikuler yang merupakan kegiatan tambahan di SMPN 2 Jember. Keempat Kegiatan berbasis komonitas yang melibatkan orang tua dan masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan akhlak aplikatif integratif. Kata Kuci; Pendidikan, Akhlak, Sekolah

Rapid change, demanding the ability of pesantren to respond quickly, precisely, and adaptively.In this paper talks about the existence of pesantren education in the face of the flow of change. This research is focused on the existence conducted by As-Shafi'i boarding school (pesantren) in the flow of change. The approach used in this study is a case study experienced by remote educational institutions that boarding boarding schools As-syafi'I in existence maintain the institution of boarding school. The theory used in this study uses Talcott have four things called AGIL: Adaptation Goal attainment, Integration, Latency. Concluded that the existence of pesantren education in the flow of change as follows; The first adaptation conducted by the boarding school As-Syafi'I is to know in detail the existing needs in the community. Second , the development of personality aims to prepare the students and the public to have the knowledge of religion and general science in order to become human beings who are able to practice their knowledge. Third , integrating and integrating school and pesantren systems The four patterns of As-Syafi'I boarding school institutions are building networking with all components of society, santri guardian, government in building pesantren. قد طلب التغير السريع بقدرة المدرسةالداخلية على الاستجابة بسرعة ودقة وتكيف. تتحدث هذه الكتابةعن وجود تعليم المدرسةالداخليةفي مواجهة تدفق التغيير. و يركز هذا البحث على وجود مدرسة الشافعي الداخلية في تدفق التغيير. وأما المنهج المستخدم في هذه الدراسة هو دراسة حالة في مؤسسة التعليمية النائية ، وهي مدرسة الشافعي الداخلية في احتفاظ وجودهاكالمؤسسة التربوية الإسلامية الداخلية. و تستخدم هذه الدراسةالنظرية التي تقدمت بها تلكوت فيرسونو قيل لكييستطيع نظام التنظيم الاجتماعي أنيحتفظ وجودهفيجب أن يكون النظام له أربعة أشياء تسمى(AGIL) و هيالتكيف ( adaptation ) و تحقيق الأهداف ( goalattainment )و التكامل ( integration ) و التأخر ( latency ).و من نتائج الدراسة يستطيع الباحث أن يستنتجبأن وجود التربيةفيالمدرسةالداخليةفي تدفق التغيير هو على النحو التالي : أولا، التكييف الذي أجرته المدرسة الشافعي الداخلية هو معرفة احتياجات المجتمع الحالية بالطريقة المباشرة. و ثانيا، يهدف تدريب الشخصية إلى إعداد الطلاب والمجتمعلأن يتقنو المعرفة الدينية والمعرفة العامة لكي يصبحو الناس الذينلهمقدرة على ممارسة معرفته. و ثالثا، وإدماج العامة ونظامالمدرسةالداخلية لإنتاج أجيال موثوقةفي حقولهم. و رابعا، الأنماط التي تنفذها المدرسة الشافعي الداخلية هي بناء التواصل مع جميع المكونات و هم المجتمع وأولياء الطلاب والحكومة لبناء المدارس و تقدمه. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن الاستثمار الاجتماعي للبرنامج الداخلي هو من نشاطالمدرسة الشافعي الداخلية الذي يهدف إلى خلق الجيل المستقل المفيد في الحياة المجتمعية في وقت مستقبل.

Repeated reading method is a technique used to improve students 'reading fluency at a beginning level popularized by Samuel in 1979. This study aimed to determine the student's ability to write dictation', and to know the use of repeated reading technique in aloud reading technique, as well as to reveal the effect of the use of repeated reading method on students' skills in writing dictation. The method of this study is an experimental method with the research design of pre-test post-test control group design. The sample of the research was 44 students, comprising 22 students for each the experimental and control classes. The data analysis of two groups used t-test. The results showed that there is an influence of the use of repeated reading method on students' skills in writing dictation. This is based on the result of ttest (2.64) and the result of ttable (2.02) at the 5% significance level. Thus, we concluded that the result of ttest is > ttabel.DOI : 10.15408/a.v3i1.2908

Pesantren in the era of the struggle for independence not only serves as a scientific institution in the field of religion, but also serves as an institution to foster awareness and love of the homeland, awareness of nation and state. The issuance of Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia as 22 Year 2015 on National Sanctuary, has confirmed and devoted the physical struggle of kyai and santri in defending, fighting and defending the Republic of Indonesia from invaders. This paper wants to know the history of the struggle of the pesantren when dealing with the invaders. Islamic figures with jihad to defend and defend Islam as has been done by kyai and pesantren

PENGARUH SUHU KALSINASI PADA PROSES DEKOMPOSISI DOLOMIT . Proses dekomposisi dolomit menjadi MgO dan CaO merupakan proses penting mengingat kedua oksida tersebut banyak digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi. Untuk melihat pengaruh suhu proses kalsinasi terhadap dekomposisi dolomit menjadi MgO dan CaO, maka dilakukan kalsinasi. Proses kalsinasi menggunakan tungku Muffle furnace dengan suhu sebesar 500 o C, 600 o C, 700 o C, 800 dan 900 o C. Sebanyak kurang lebih 100 gram/sampel dolomit dimasukkan dalam tungku dan dipanaskan dengan laju pemanasan 10 oC/menit pada berbagai suhu yang kemudian ditahan masing-masing selama 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 dan 5 jam. Produk kalsinasi kemudian ditimbang dan dikarakterisasi dengan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan kalsinasi dolomit semakin meningkat seiring dengan kenaikkan suhu kalsinasi. Proses kalsinasi dolomit optimum tercapai pada suhu 900 o C selama 4 jam dengan pengurang berat mencapai 46,74 %. Berdasarkan perhitungan stoikiometri pengurangan berat 46,74 % menunjukkan bahwa 97,78 % dolomit terdekomposisi menjadi MgO dan CaO. Pembentukan fasa MgO dan CaO dari dolomit melalui dua tahapan yaitu tahapan pembentukan fasa MgO-CaCO 3 pada suhu 700 o C dan tahapan pembentukan CaO pada suhu 800 o C - 900 o C. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari proses kalsinasi dolomit ini adalah peningkatan suhu kalsinasi dapat meningkatkan proses dekomposisi dolomit menjadi fasa MgO dan CaO.