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Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Remunerasi Dan Kepuasan kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variable Intervening Pada Rumah Sakit Ketergantungan Obat Jakarta”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji variabel intervening yaitu kepuasan kerja sebagai pemediasi hubungan antara remunerasi dan kepuasan kerja terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior di RSKO Jakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pendekatan kuantitatif dengan perolehan data menggunakan kuisioner dan teknis analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur. Data diperoleh dari pegawai RSKO Jakarta dengan kuisioner tertutup. Kuisioner terkumpul sebanyak 100 sampel penelitian tetapi yang digunakan hanya 89, karena sisanya tidak bisa digunakan yang disebabkan tidak lengkapnya pengisian kuesioner tersebut dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis jalur dengan software SPSS V 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1. Remunerasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 2. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 3 Remunerasi dan Kepuasan kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 4. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 5. Remunerasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja, 6. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, 7. Kepuasan kerja mampu memediasi secara positif dan signifikan pengaruh remunerasi terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior 8. Kepuasan kerja mampu memediasi secara positif dan signifikan pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior, 9. Kepuasan kerja mampu memediasi pengaruh Remunerasi dan Kepuasan kerja secara simultan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

Hewan, sebagaimana manusia adalah makhluk Allah yang di dalam Al-Qur’an menduduki posisinya masing-masing. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang membahas tentang penafsiran ilmi terkait hewan, khususnya hewan mamalia di dalam Al-Qur’an. Jenis penelitian yang dipilih dalam kajian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian kepustakaan yang dimaksud adalah meninjau literatur khususnya literatur kitab tafsir untuk menganalisa bagaimana hewan mamalia diketengahkan di dalam Al-Qur’an. Karena itu analisis isi (content analysis) dipilih sebagai analisis data untuk menghadirkan kesimpulan yang tepat. Hasilnya: 1) di dalam Al-Qur’an ketika disebutkan jenis hewan mamalia maka tidak hanya sekedar disebutkan tetapi kehadiran hewan juga sebagai ladang tafakur bagi manusia, 2) hewan mamalia yang disebutkan tidak selalu bermakna hakiki, tetapi juga bermakna majazi.

Introduction: The number of elderly diabetes patients is rising all over the world. Therefore, the quality of life of older people as well as the factors that influence it are aimed to be evaluated in this study. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 269 senior diabetes patients from government health clinic in Kuantan, Pahang. Their sociodemographic information was gathered, and the Diabetes Quality of Life Instrument (DQoL) was used to assess their quality of life. The connection between DQoL domains and covariates was determined by Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Linear regression analysis was used to find the predictors. Results: : The majority of patients in the B40 groups had at least a primary level of education (52.2%) and a source of income (97.3%).The majority of the clinics (61.3 %) were located in rural areas and did not have a family medicine specialist on staff (77.7 %). The majority of the patients had uncontrolled diabetes (71.7%), uncontrolled blood pressure (63.2%), uncontrolled cholesterol levels (74.0%), and abnormal abdominal circumferences (84.8%). Clinic location, diabetes control status, and old age were statistically significant in predicting the quality of life. Conclusion: Despite the perception of a significant risk of problems, this study found that decreasing the HbA1c goal further improved the quality of life of older patients. Those clinic headed by family medicine specialist gave the highest degree of patient quality of life. As a result, additional primary care physicians should be trained, as well as local treatment measures.

An outbreak of global pandemic influences adolescents’ emotional well-being and contributes to psychosocial conflict. Detecting adolescents’ emotion when they stay at home during Pandemic COVID-19 may be helpful to better understand their well-being. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore adolescents' emotional well-being in the midst of the outbreak. This study employs a qualitative method for participants’ interview (n=30) among adolescents from low -income households. This study was conducted for six weeks during the midst of the outbreak. The qualitative data were collected via online based on focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The results reveal that boredom, anxiety and hope were the main emotions faced by the adolescents’ in the midst of the outbreak. This finding explains that they were extremely bored repeating the same routines and not being able to interact with their friends physically. Alongside, they felt anxious about learning progress that may affect their academic performance, uncertain pandemic COVID-19 situation and family’s economic crisis. The adolescents also illustrated a green shoot of hope to return to school and that the number of pandemic cases will be rapidly reduced. Overall study emphasizes that emotions are important factors that can be addressed in order to prevent emotional fatigue and mental health problems that affect adolescents’ social well-being. This study hints at a novel research area for psychologists to develop emotional preparedness strategies for adolescents to help parents and teachers in order to improve emotional management skills at home. Future research should comprehensively measure the impact of emotion and its relation to behavioral problem during outbreaks.

Prediksi daya dukung tiang rencana dari beberapa metode statis dan dinamis sering ditemui tidak sesuai denga daya dukung aktual di lapangan. Daya dukung tiang rencana tersebut harus divalidasi terhadap daya dukung tiang aktual dimana respon daya dukung tiang sudah termobilisasi penuh. Dalam rangka memenuhi tujuan tersebut dilakukan pengambilan data NSPT dari bor dalam dan data kalendering dari pemancangan dinamis sebagai parameter perhitungan daya dukung tiang rencana. Daya dukung tiang rencana ini akan menjadi desain kebutuhan seluruh pemancangan tiang. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui rasio daya dukung tiang rencana metode statis dan dinamis terhadap daya dukung tiang aktual di lapangan dari uji Pile Dynamic Analysis (PDA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode statis rata-rata untuk tanah pasiran yang mendekati nilai daya dukung uji PDA adalah metode Luciano Decourt dengan Qu = 460,5 ton, Qp=170,1 ton dan Qs= 290,35 ton dengan rasio RQu=0,98; RQp=1,20; RQs=0,88. Sementara untuk daya dukung dinamis rata-rata dan rasio dari tiga metode Hilley, ENR dan WIKA untuk tanah pasiran yang mendekati nilai daya dukung uji PDA adalah daya dukung dari metode Hiley dengan Qu= 481,39 ton, Qp=172,82 ton, Qs= 313,79 ton dengan RQu =1,02; RQp =1,21 dan RQs = 0,96. Kata Kunci: Daya Dukung Tiang, PDA, Rasio, NSPT

This research aims to determine whether the development of discovery learning–based e-module using the professional PDF flip software integrated with the website can be an alternative in learning physics during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research is a preliminary study with qualitative descriptive research methods. The instrument used is a questionnaire with four categories, which is then distributed to teachers and students. The subjects in the study were physics teachers and students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu and SMA Karunadipa Palu. The data analysis used a qualitative description of the answer given by teachers and students. The results of preliminary studies show that: COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a look place online so that teachers needed teaching materials and practical media to be used without face-to-face learning. The research concludes that e-module development-based discovery learning using professional PDF flip software is integrated with the website as an alternative in learning physics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BackgroundLongitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions are challenging diagnostic entities as they are uncommon, but various etiologies can cause them.Case reportWe report a case of a 55-year-old man with a past medical history of hypertension. He is an ex-smoker. He presented with chest pain, followed by right lower limb weakness, preceded by 2 weeks of constipation and voiding dysfunction. The examination revealed right lower limb mild flaccid paresis, absent reflexes, reduced anal tone, and urinary retention. His symptoms deteriorated over 24 h, and he developed severe flaccid paraparesis with impaired pinprick sensation below the T4 level. MRI spine showed an abnormal, non-enhancing signal in the anterior aspect of the spinal cord extending from the T4 level to the conus without associated edema. He was commenced on intravenous steroids and had significant improvement after one dose. The imaging was felt to be consistent with spinal cord infarction, and aspirin was started. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed elevated protein (0.8 mg/ml). Investigations for stroke and autoimmune pathologies were negative. The Lyme immunoblot confirmed intrathecal production of IgG to Borrelia antigens. The patient was started on ceftriaxone. The paraneoplastic screen identified amphiphysin antibodies. CT-TAP and PET-CT did not identify occult malignancy. The patient had a significant improvement over 2 months, strength was almost fully recovered, and autonomic functions returned to normal.ConclusionWe describe an unusual steroid-responsive, longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion with radiological features of spinal cord infarct and a simultaneous finding of intrathecal Lyme antibodies and serum amphiphysin antibodies.

This study described the activities of teachers and pupils in Realistic Mathematics Based Learning based on Mandailing Culture (PMR-BBM) of North Sumatra. This type of research was a descriptive research. Subjects in this study were teachers who apply learning mathematics that apply PMR-BBM and Junior High School pupils of class VII-2 SMP Negeri 2 Kotanopan as 26 people. The object of this research was the activity in the learning activity. Data collection was done through observation of teachers and pupils activities. Data aanalysis of teachers and pupils’ activityies carried out in the 4 learning meetings; it found that teachers activity score was 4.41 where; it was a good category. The overall activity of pupils' activities in the 10 observed sessions reached the limits of tolerance. Thus the activities of teachers and pupils in realistic cultural-based mathematics learning were fall into the effective model.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pengembangan e-modul fisika berbasis discovery learning terintegrasi website menjadi kebutuhan dalam pembelajaran fisika yang disebabkan oleh pandemi covid 19. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif pendekatan deskriptif dan instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket (kuesioner). Subyek penelitian ini yaitu 28 guru SMA yang terdiri dari 28 Sekolah tersebar di dua provinsi Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Tengah. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dari jawababan yang diberikan oleh guru. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: akibat adanya pandemic covid 19 pembelajaran yang berlangsung menjadi online sehingga guru membutuhkan bahan ajar sekaligus media yaitu modul elekronik karena bersifat praktis yang dapat digunakan tanpa pembelajaran tatap muka. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu dibutuhkan pengembangan e-modul fisika berbasis discovery learning terintegrasi website sebagai alternatif pembelajaran di masa covid 19

This study aims to describe and analyze the students' argumentative skills in the subject of static fluid using the PBL model with the experimental method, after the lesson is given to students. This type of research is descriptive research.The subjects of this study are 34 students of XI MIPA 2 class of SMAN 1 Tanggul. The sampling technique used in this study was simple random sampling. The data was collected by using an essay question consisting of 8 questions which have been adjusted to the indicators of argumentation ability which include; argument evidence, counter argument evidence, refutation evidence, argument justification, counter argument justification, and rebuttal justification. The data analysis of this research used a descriptive approach by calculating the score. The results showed that the average argument evidence indicator is 1.5 with the high category, the counter argument evidence is 1.5 with the high category, the refutable evidence is 1,4 with the high category, the argument justification is 2.1 with the high category, the justification the counter argument is 2.1 with the high category, and the rebuttal justification is 2.1 with the high category. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the students' argumentative skills on each measured indicator are high

Family education is very important if the existing pattern of society is a pluralistic society like in Tengger. The purpose of this study are to: 1) Describe the understanding of Tengger ethnic parents about Islamic education and 2) Analyze the role of parents in instilling the values ​​of Islamic education toward childrens. The author chose a qualitative approach and data collection techniques are three techniques: interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study include: 1) Understanding of parents about the values ​​of Islamic education is classified by: a) Aqeedah in the form of belief where as Muslims have different beliefs that are different from friends of non-Muslim children , b) Shari'a in the form of commands and prohibitions as well as permissible in the law ranging from worship to mu'amalah and c) Morals that foster awareness to do good by preserving morals and doing it sincerely and 2) The role of parents in instilling Islamic educational values, namely acting as educators and protectors for their children. Then various ways or methods are: a) Modeling, b) the habit method, c) the method of advice and d) the method of supervision.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the Deans’ Council of Public Malaysian Medical Faculties to tackle the issue of examinations in the face of movement control orders (MCO). A task force decided that final professional examination is necessary and three recommendations have been proposed. Online examination is among the best option with strict adherence to the Malaysian Medical Council guidelines. The majority of the universities used a Moodle-based Learning Management System; the examination will therefore mainly cover cognitive outcomes focusing on final professional exit examinations. It felt that cheating, although a real issue, is manageable and came up with several recommendations for the implementation based on likely outcomes of the MCO.

Composite laminate design is an important procedure in defining the mechanical properties of laminated composite structure to be used in multi-directional service loading application. Composite technologies or manufacturers who is lack of knowledge regarding the importance of laminate design, tend to develop a composite structure that will collapse or fail below the service requirement. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fiber orientation on flexural properties of the designed glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminated composite. Six sets of laminates with different fiber orientation and sequence were simulated using CompositeStar© software to determine its flexural properties. Samples were fabricated to verify the simulated data and were tested in accordance to ASTM D2344. Moreover, crack pattern within the samples after the flexural test is studied. From the simulated results, it shows that laminates which have fiber in tri-direction and quasi-direction display a higher flexural modulus and strength compared to laminates with fiber in uni-directional and bi-directional. In addition, data from tested fabricated laminates samples displayed the same modulus patterns against the simulated data, with variants from 8% to 35%. Additionally, it is found that samples with fiber in ±45 direction shows a transverse and shear cracking which prolonged the cracking propagation before the samples show a complete failure.

This study aims to analyze the profile of students’ problem - solving skills based on multiple representation in senior high school. Problem - solving skills in solving multiple representation are very important in learning Physics. The subjects of this study were 101 students of class XII MAN 1 Ngawi. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive method. Indicators of the problem - solving abilities that were used included approaches, visuals, applications, and procedures. The types of representation in this research instrument were verbal, figures, graphic and mathematic. The results showed that the problem - solving skills related to the indicator of approach with the form of multiple representation questions got percentages of 36% (verbal), 42% (figural), 24% (graphical), and 43% (mathematical). The visual indicators showed the percentages of 44, 29, 38, and 0 for verbal, figural, graphical, and mathematical respectively. Then the indicators of procedures obtained 36% for the verbal, 30% for the figures, 35% for the graphics, and 0% for the mathematics. Thus, it can be concluded that problem - solving skills possessed by students are different in terms of the percentage each indicator got in the multiple representation test.

This research includes quantitative research conducted at PT American Standards Indonesia. This study aims to determine whether or not career development and leadership impact employee performance through work loyalty as an intervening variable. This study, 100 respondents were used as samples, calculated using the Slovin formula from 406 populations at a margin of error of 5%. It collected data using a Likert scale and an assessment using a Questionnaire. The data analysis method used by the researcher is a statistical test using SPSS version 23 using analytical techniques, a classical assumption test, a path test, a coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing. The study yielded seven main findings according to the proposed hypothesis; namely, the first path test in the study concluded that there was a significant impact between 1) career development on employee performance; 2) leadership on employee performance. The results of the second path test concluded that there was a significant impact between 3) loyalty to employee performance, 4) career development to work loyalty, 5) leadership to work loyalty, 6) career development through work loyalty as an intervening variable, and 7) leadership through work loyalty to employee performance. The results of this study suggest a number of steps that can be taken to improve performance in the context of providing promotions for employees who perform well, the role of leaders who can arouse the passion of employees and, obey and work loyally to improve employee performance.

Persediaan merupakan asetpenting dari optik, hampir 90% dari total keseluruhan nilai investasi. Manajemen persediaan dilakukan agar dapa tmeminimalkan biaya persediaan. Kapan waktu dan berapa jumlah pemesanan harus diketahui dengan pasti agar tidak terjadi kekurangan atau kelebihan barang. Optik Rolista Fida sebagai usaha dagang dan pelayanan, masih melakukan pemesanan berdasarkan perkiraan atau ramalan (forecast) tidak berdasarkan perhitungan pasti kebutuhan barang yang akan dijual. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat efesiensi pengadaan barang untuk persediaan, di Optik Rolista Fida Cirebon. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah study kasus dengan deskriptif kuantitatif, data yang terkumpul dari observasi dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Ekonomic Order Quantity (EOQ). Hasil penelitian didapatkan gambaran pengadaan barang untuk Persediaan lebih efesien dengan menggunakan metode EOQ, berdasarkan perhitungan metode EOQ, jumlah pemesanan Frame : 265, Lensa : 687 dan Kontak Lens : 239. Frekuensi pemesanan Frame : 16, Lensa :13 danKontak Lens : 6 kali. Daur pemesanan Frame : 24, Lensa : 13 dan Kontak Lens : 63 hari.

Everyone in the territory of the Indoneia state is entitled to a religious education to improve its religious education. Therefore, the Government set rules in the Government regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 55 year 2007 article 4 paragraph 2 of religious and religious education reads "Every student in the education unit in all lines, levels, and types of education Entitled to a religious education in accordance with the religion he and taught by a religious educator "explains the equality of rights in obtaining religious education at the basic, intermediate and so on. But the fact that the field says, the minority people like ethnic Chinese have difficulty in improving its religious education. The strategy of Cheng Ho Mosque in improving Chinese Muslim religious education

A challenge that usually occurred in the education system nowadays is to adapt to learning and facilitating(PdPc) for facing the upcoming industrial revolution 4.0. Industrial Revolution 4.0 give big impacts to teachers to develop a group of students that have high skills, critical thinking, and emotional wellbeing. Islamic education teachers need to take action based on industrial revolution 4.0, creative and innovative using any media and sources to produce interesting (PdPc).This writing for discussing PdPc of Islamic Education that relevant to the concept of industrial revolution 4.0 by adapting Learning Skills of 21st Century, authentic learning, soft skills, and Critical Thinking Skills(HOTS).It also discusses of challenge that teachers faced in running the Islamic Education learning towards industrial revolution 4.0.

Penelitian ini secara spesifik menginisiasi inovasi kurikulum berbasis budaya lokal di wilayah suku tengger, dengan cara memasukkan nilai-nilai budaya Karo pada kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) tingkat Sekolah Dasar (SD) kelas VI. Sebuah keniscayaan kurikulum memiliki relevansi dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kurikulum sekolah yang dapat menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat baik pada saat ini maupun yang akan datang. Kemampuan sekolah dalam mendesain kurikulum yang berorientasi kepada kebutuhan masyarakat itu harus mempertimbangkan peserta didik sebagai bagian dari anggota masyarakat, peserta didik harus dididik sesuai dengan keadaan masyarakat, karena dia akan kembali kepada masyarakat setelah mereka selesai menempuh studi mereka di sekolah. Jika ditemukan lulusan sekolah yang tidak dapat menjadi anggota masyarakat yang baik dan berguna, menjadi beban masyarakat, maka sudah tentu tujuan pendidikan itu gagal. Kurikulum PAI sebagai salah satu komponen pendidikan harus dirancang dengan sebaik-baiknya agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu berbagai inovasi kurikulum PAI diperlukan untuk menemukan sebuah bentuk atau model yang sesuai dengan masing-masing kondisi daerah atau negara tertentu. Model inovasi kurikulum PAI ini akan menentukan generasi atau masyarakat minoritas muslim di wilayah suku tengger dalam merespon pelbagai ragam budaya lokal. Pemahaman peserta didik pada materi pembelajaran PAI akan sangat menentukan eksistensi mereka di tengah-tengah masyarakat yang sangat kental dengan ritual adat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Ada empat bagian pada silabus, terutama pada materi pembelajaran dan kegiatan pembelajaran kelas VI pada pelajaran satu (Indahnya Saling Menghormati), pelajaran enam (Indahnya Saling Membantu), pelajaran delapan (senangnya berakhlak terpuji), dan pelajaran sembilan (Ayo berinfak dan bersedekah) yang akan dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini, sehimgga diharapkan pemahaman peserta didik lebih luas dan bijak dalam merespon fenomena yang terjadi di lingkungan sekitar. Abstract: This study specifically initiated local culture-based curriculum innovations in the Tengger tribal region, by incorporating karo cultural values ​​into the class VI Islamic Education curriculum. A curriculum inevitability has relevance to people's needs. Therefore a school curriculum is needed that can answer the needs of the community both now and in the future. The ability of schools to design curriculum that is oriented to the needs of the community must consider students as part of community members, students must be educated in accordance with the conditions of the community, because he will return to the community after they have finished their studies at school. If it is found that school graduates who cannot become good and useful members of society, become a burden on the community, then of course the educational goals fail. The Islamic Education curriculum as one component of education must be designed as well as possible to suit the needs of the community. Therefore various PAI curriculum innovations are needed to find a form or model that is appropriate to each condition of a particular region or country. This Islamic Education curriculum innovation model will determine the generation or minority Muslim community in the Tengger tribe region in response to various local cultures. Understanding of students in PAI learning material will greatly determine their existence in the midst of a community that is very thick with traditional rituals in daily life. There are four parts to the syllabus, especially in learning materials and learning activities of class VI in lesson one (Beautiful Respect for each other), lesson six (Beautiful Help each other), lesson eight (happy to be praiseworthy), and lesson nine (Come on and give charity) will be developed in this study, so that it is expected that the understanding of students is broader and wiser in responding to the phenomena that occur in the surrounding environment.

A quality study requires a neat and demanding methodology for a pilot study to be conducted first and a regular examination of the data before an actual study. This paper would like to look at the findings from the pilot study and the results of the data examination on the methodology used in quantitative methods. In this study, the researcher conducted two pilot studies on 63 teachers of Islamic Education (GPI) and then analyzed data examination using SPSS 20.0. A pilot study is an essential thing before doing an actual study. However, examining the data in the pilot study analysis is an equally important matter rarely presented in any of the study articles. Therefore, this paper would like to reveal a little about the examination of data after the pilot study was conducted. The results of this study showed that the mean of the questionnaire was at a high and moderate level. While the test against the examination of the data was at a high internal consistency of the construct, typically scattered, the variables were found to be positive. Thus, actual field research can be carried out optimally.

The current trend of technology advancement with digital devices such as smart phones, tablets, and laptops has shifted the way of societal life including teaching and learning. This initiative might also contribute to the typical approach of information and communication technology (ICT) to increasingly enhance the achievement through utilizing it in the education setting in the higher education context. Adopting social media in network data massively within the big data trends, the extraction of the particular means in providing structured data from enterprise resources data and sources of unstructured data from audio and video can begin with providing the value from information space such as message, conversation, transaction, and other sources. This chapter attempts to explore the design of adaptive learning technology in big data approach. Attempts to achieve particular advantage of big data with analytic process could provide the innovative environment of adaptive online technology to enhance pedagogy and technology skill to support the initiative way of teaching and learning process in the higher education (HE) context.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the socio-economic fabric of the society globally. Educational institutions, including medical schools are no exception. It has caused wide-spread disruption to teaching and learning (T&L) activities and may impact the future of medical education worldwide.

AbstractEstrogen (17β-estradiol or E2) is a crucial regulator of the synthesis and secretion of pituitary reproductive hormones luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. In this review, we summarize the role of estrogen receptors in nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-Pitnets), focusing on immunoexpression and gonadotroph cell proliferation and apoptosis. Gonadotroph tumors are the most common subtype of NF-Pitnets. Two major estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms expressed in the pituitary are estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Overall, estrogen actions are mostly exerted through the ERα isoform on the pituitary. The G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) located at the plasma membrane may contribute to nongenomic effects of estrogen. Nuclear immunoreactivity for ERα and ERβ was highest among gonadotroph and null cell tumors. Silent corticotroph tumors are the least immunoreactive for both receptors. A significantly elevated ERα expression was observed in macroadenomas compared with microadenomas. ERα and ERβ may act in opposite directions to regulate the Slug-E-cadherin pathway and to affect invasiveness of NF-Pitnets. In the cellular pathway, ERs regulate estrogen-induced proliferation and differentiation and impact several signaling pathways including the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway. Estrogen was the first-discovered inducer of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 that was abundantly expressed in NF-Pitnets. ERα can be a potential biomarker for predicting tumor size and invasiveness as well as therapeutic target for NF-Pitnets. Selective estrogen receptor modulators or antiestrogen may represent as an alternative choice for the treatment of NF-Pitnets.

Skills for living in the world are 21st century skills based on information, information, and communicate literacy. ICT literacy supports education successfully due to the fact that ICT literacy on education is lower than general ICT usage. E-learning engages ICT tools to increase transfer of knowledge, then e-learning usage is expected to improve ICT literacy especially on education. The purpose of this study is to determine ICT literacy through the assessment of school e-learning effectiveness. The questionnaire consisted of students' ICT literacy tests based on PISA (2012) and the assessment of e-learning effectiveness according to The European Association of Distance Teaching Universities. The results showed students' ICT literacy of high level school is 34.95%, middle level school is 34.95%, and lower level school is 34.95% while the assessment of school e-learning effectiveness is around 43.07%. We determined the impression of the students' ICT literacy with the assessment of school e-learning effectiveness. This study shows that there is an influence between ICT literacy of students towards the assessment of e-learning effectivity at school (sig

Studies on excised aldosterone-producing lesions have found somatic mutations in five genes (KCNJ5, CACNA1D, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, and CTNNB1) commonly causes the excess aldosterone production. Interestingly, Oriental cohorts had the highest frequency of KCNJ5 mutations whereas CACNA1D mutations were most common in Black African Caribbean patients, suggesting that genetic background affects the prevalence and distribution of aldosterone-driving somatic mutation. We therefore aimed to identify the common germline variants that associates with excess aldosterone production through performing a pilot genome wide association study (GWAS) on primary aldosteronism (PA) patients. GWAS was performed using the Human Infinium OmniExpressExome-8 v1.4 BeadChip containing 960,919 markers to compare gDNA of 154 PA patients with 78 healthy controls. Samples were checked for sex discordance, heterozygosity rate, missing rate and the degree of recent shared ancestry for each pair of individuals using the PLINK program and Genome Studio (Illumina). In total, 150 patients and 75 controls (112 males and 113 females) were included in the downstream analysis. 630,749 markers that passed quality control steps (missing call rate 1%) were used to perform association analysis using the Chi-square Test which was then subjected to multiple testing corrections (Bonferroni correction). As expected with a pilot sample size, no variants passed the suggestive significant threshold of Bonferroni corrected P-value < 5 x 10-6 (-log10 P = 5.3). However, 27 SNPs had the uncorrected P-value2, and differences of frequencies in cases compared to control >0.1 or References aChu et al., Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017;10(9):10009-10018. bTanaka et al., Hypertens Res 2019;42(2):165-173. cNogueira et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 302(2): 230–236. dGTEx Analysis Release V7 (dbGaP Accession phs000424.v7.p2) Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education Grant (FRGS/1/2015/SKK08/UKM/02/3), The National University of Malaysia (UKM) University Grant (GUP-2016-083), and The UKM Medical Center Fundamental Grant (FF-2016-302).

Wall Cracks in a slope area with high landslide risk is very common. Triggered by small horizontal land movement, relative movement of walls separated by the crack line to create wider crack can occur. In the present work, an early warning system for landslide utilizing such movement is presented. For this purpose, a bar is connected to the displacement sensor. Sensor is fixed to one side of wall at either before or after crack line. The bar from this sensor is fixed to the other side of the wall at the direction perpendicular to the crack. With this configuration, small movement of one part of wall (before or after crack line) activate the sensor. In this paper, two displacement sensors are used, i.e., displacement sensor based on slide resistor and fiber sensor. In the present work, warning is given in the form of sound characterized the increase of frequency as the width of crack increase.

New tellurite glasses with composition (in mol%): 60TeO2–(30-x)ZnO–5Bi2O3–5TiO2-xB2O3 (where x = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0) were fabricated using conventional melt quenching method. Compositional dependence of the glasses on their density, thermal, refractive index and optical properties were investigated. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was carried out to confirm the nature of the thus formed glasses. Density, refractive index, and absorption spectra were measured at room temperature from which other glass characteristics such as polaron radius, oxygen packing density, field strength, B3+ interatomic distance, band gap energy, and Urbach tail were determined. Thermal characterisation to determine the change in glass transition temperature, glass crystallisation, melting point, and glass stability was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. A discussion was made in order to understand the results in terms of the ratio of bridging oxygen to non-bridging oxygen ions (BO/NBO). It was found that the addition of B2O3 results in increasing oxygen packing density, glass transition temperature, BO/NBO ratio and band gap energy, while decreasing density, refractive index, field strength, glass stability and Urbach tail energy. With increasing B2O3 concentration density changed from 5.879 to 5.646 g cm−3, refractive index 1.875 to 1.741, working temperature range (ΔT = 66 °C) and phonon energy within the range of 736–740 cm−1.

Absorption spectra of different composition of tellurite glasses were analyzed in order to estimate their lasing properties. Composition of the investigated tellurite glasses are: 55TeO2-(43-x)ZnO-2Bi2O3-xEr2O3(x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mol%). Glasses absorption spectra and density were measured at room temperature using UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer and pycnometer, respectively; while their refractive index were measured by implying Brewster’s angle method. Lasing performance of glasses were then analyzed using Judd-Ofelt theory in order to obtain line strength (S), Judd-Ofelt parameters (Ωt, t = 1, 2, 3), and radiative life-times (τ). It is seen that incorporating Er3+ions of up to 2.5 mol% resulted in decreasing the radiative lifetime of electrons sitting at4I11/2. From Judd-Ofelt parameters analysis it can be concluded that these tellurite glasses tend to have the covalence nature of Er-O bond and thus represents the asymmetry around the Er3+ions site.

Culture has a very important function in the daily lives of Malaysians. In spite of its importance, less attention has been paid to identifying Malaysian ethnic values from their own perspective. Most of previous studies have focused on a universal approach to identify the values of Malaysians. By addressing the gap, this paper hopes to identify a more comprehensive list of values related to Malaysian communication characteristics in flood disaster management context. Over the past decade, flood has become Malaysia’s most common natural disaster. Sustainable flood mitigation and relief management is important as it reflects the ruling government for dealing with crisis. The psychological support on victims’ wellbeing, during and after the disaster is substantial from the humanitarian perspective. Hence, this paper discusses the communication practices from indigenous perspective to help reduce the psychological impact of flooding. This paper presents qualitative data, based on in-depth interviews with 13 flood victims. The findings indicate that local values are important characteristics of effective communication surplus to the aids that bound to reduce the psychological impact of a disaster. This research intends to contribute in terms of the identification of the local code of conduct in communication in an attempt to obtain insights about flood disaster management. Besides, the outcome of the study could help to develop policies for aid agencies, information resources and community organisations in relation to the competency in communication to advocate the betterment and well-being of flood disaster victims. Keywords: Communication, disaster management, well-being, local values, psychological impact .

The aim of this paper is to review the optical properties of tellurite glasses doped by erbium and describe their bibliometric study about it. The research documents on of optical properties of tellurite glasses doped by erbium in the Scopus database are 115, start from 1999 until now. The visualization of the research assisted by VOSviewer software. There are three clusters: (1) red cluster for the optical properties begin from the fabrication process until the characterization of glasses based on the geometrical optics phenomena, (2) green cluster for the emission spectra until the analysis using McCumbers Theory, and (3) erbium-doped tellurite glasses optical properties based on energy transfer and XRD analysis on the blue cluster. Based on the Scopus documents, not too many researchers are concerned with researching erbium-doped tellurite glasses, never more than 12 documents per year. However, the researchers are consistent to explore further exploring the characteristics of the optical properties of glass exposed to erbium ion for laser applications.The research funding shows that the tellurite glasses doped by erbium are being developed for laser applications.

Inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) are two important brain regions for the default mode network (DMN). IPL has been known to be involved in the control of attention and responding to given information while ITG is involved in the processing and perception awakened by visual stimuli. These two key DMN regions are highly interconnected as determined from white matter and fiber tracking studies. However, little is known about their nature of connectivity while the brain is at rest, whether it is linear, bilinear or nonlinear and whether it is of mono- or bi-direction. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data were obtained from 7 healthy male and female participants (average age = 20.7 ± 4.5 years) and were concatenated. Data were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM12). Endogenous brain signals were modelled by Fourier series at 0.01 – 0.08 Hz. IPL-ITG connected linear, bilinear and non-linear causal models in both hemispheres were constructed and estimated by means of stochastic dynamic causal modelling (sDCM) and were compared using Bayesian Model Selection (BMS) for group studies. Group fixed-effects results indicated that bilateral IPL and ITG exhibited high neural activity at a corrected significant level (p FWE 1000) which has the best balance between model accuracy and difficulty. The minimum free energy (F) = -4.41 ´ 10 4 and -4.09 ´ 10 4 for left and right hemisphere bilinear models respectively. From BMS and DCM results, it was found that IPL and ITG do have a dynamic collaboration between each other, a connectivity that belongs to a greater network when the brain is at rest. The intrinsic connections between them are negative in both directions i.e. IPL and ITG mutually inhibited each other. The effective connectivity was modulated by the endogenous fluctuation of the brain signal. DOI : http://dx.doi.org./10.17576/JSKM-2018-1602-13

This paper presents a comparison study of absorption spectra of borotellurite glasses with compostion: 20TeO2 – 15Bi2O3 – 3TiO2 – (4-x) Na2CO3 – 1Tm2O3 - xHo2O3 where x = 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 (mol%). All glasses are fabricated using melt quenching method. Absorption spectra were recorded at room temperature in the spectral range of 200 – 1100 nm. Within this range, glass with x = 0 mol % of Ho2O3 shows 2 absorption peaks which corresponds to electronics transition from 3H6 to state to 3F3 and 3H4. For x = 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 (mol%), nine absorption peaks corresponding to electronics transition from 3H6 to state to 5G5, 5G6, 1G4, 1G4, 5F3, 5F4, 5F5, 3F3, and 3H4 are shown. It is shown that absorption at 680 nm and 790 are insensitive to the addition of Ho2O3 in contrast to that at 580 nm and 650 nm.

Work commitment is a key for the best achievement in education based on organization’s impetus to form a competent and sustainable work. Basic shura framework is the foundation for work commitment enhancement and it ensures the existence of a mahabbah organisational relationship. An increase in work commitment is done through shura practice in the organization to create a progressive education. Therefore, this study aims to examine the increase of work commitment among teachers based on shura practice implemented by the headmasters. In addition, the study also aims to outline the work commitment constructs which consist of responsibility, cooperation, discipline, competence, and organisational relationship. This study will also analyze the significant relationship between the the basic shura frameworks practiced by the headmasters with the teachers' work commitment. This study is a quantitative research using questionnaire as the main source of data acquisition. A total of 200 teachers from 23 Grade A Islamic schools in Johor Bahru have become the respondents of this study. This study was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 22.0. This study showed that there was an increase in work commitment among teachers through shura practice applied by the headmasters with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.932. The results of this study showed that the teacher’s work commitment constructs such as responsibility, teamwork, discipline, competence, and organisational relationship become the benchmark of progressive educational achievement. The study also found a significant relationship between the basic shura frameworks with the teachers’ work commitment. This shows that the headmasters should implement the shura practice in their leadership to ensure the objectives of human capital education institutions are attained. The study concluded that the increase of work commitment should not be underestimated as it is related very closely with educational achievement at school. Abstrak Komitmen kerja menjadi natijah pencapaian terbaik dalam pendidikan berasaskan dorongan organisasi membentuk nilai kerja yang kompeten dan mapan. Kerangka asas syura sebagai asas peningkatan komitmen kerja selain memastikan wujudnya hubungan organisasi yang mahabbah. Peningkatan komitmen kerja dilestari melalui amalan syura dalam kalangan organisasi bagi mewujudkan pendidikan yang progresif. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peningkatan komitmen kerja dalam kalangan guru berdasarkan pelaksanaan amalan syura dalam kepimpinan guru besar. Selain itu, kajian juga bertujuan untuk menggariskan konstruk komitmen kerja yang terdiri daripada tanggungjawab, kerjasama, disiplin, kompetensi, dan hubungan organisasi. Seterusnya, kajian ini juga akan menganalisis hubungan yang signifikan antara elemen kerangka asas syura dalam kepimpinan guru besar dengan komitmen kerja guru. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kuantitatif dengan menjadikan soal selidik sebagai sumber utama pemerolehan data. Seramai 200 orang guru dari 23 buah sekolah agama bergred A di daerah Johor Bahru telah menjadi responden kajian. Analisis statistik kajian ini dianalisis mengunakan perisian Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPSS) 22.0. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya peningkatan komitmen kerja dalam kalangan guru dengan amalan syura yang dilaksanakan oleh kepimpinan guru besar dengan catatan nilai alpha cronbach 0.932. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa konstruk komitmen kerja guru tanggungjawab, kerjasama, disiplin, kompetensi, dan hubungan organisasi menjadi tanda aras utama pencapaian pendidikan yang progresif. Kajian juga mendapati terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kerangka asas syura dengan komitmen kerja guru. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kepimpinan guru besar sewajarnya mengaplikasikan amalan syura bagi memastikan matlamat institusi pendidikan modal insan tercapai.. Kajian merumuskan bahawa peningkatan komitmen kerja tidak seharusnya dipandang ringan kerana perkaitannya sangat rapat dengan pencapaian pendidikan di sekolah.

Trust in carrying out duties and responsibilities is important in shaping faith and establishing a Muslim identity. The educational leaders who are responsible in handling various official duties need to hold the trust as well as possible. The basic framework of Shura which has been created through this study can shape and become a guidance to enhance the potential of trust in educational leadership. In addition, the encouragement of the trust nature innates from high conviction that responsible as entrusted khalifah and values of piety based on comprehensiveness of Islam. Trust in educational leadership management is more meaningful through the presence of the shura practice in the organisations to ensure a progressive education. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential of trust in organisations based on the implementation of shura practice in leadership among headmasters. In addition, the study also aims to outline the constructs of trust based on the teachers’ daily practices. This study was a quantitative research where questionnaire was used as a primary source of data acquisition. A total of 200 teachers from 23 religious grade A religious schools in Johor Bahru have become respondents for obtaining quality data and have the credibility as suggested by Johor Bahru Islamic Research Officer. This research statistical analyses were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. The study shows that there is trust among teachers with the alpha Cronbach value of 0.869. Correlation analysis (r) and multiple regression test were used to analyze the significant (p) relationship value to the constructed unit trust. The findings also found that the construct of trust (follow-up, self-esteem, obedience, motivation, responsibility) dominated the shura-led educational leadership and had significant relationships. The study concludes that trust is the main principle in creating a perfect educational leadership and thus, improving the Shura practice in order to achieve a progressive education in school. Shura practice implemented among headmasters based on the basic framework of Shura through mutual trust ensures an outstanding performance in education similar to the success of the leadership of Prophet Muhammad SAW in many areas. Abstrak Amanah dalam tugas dan tanggungjawab menjadi natijah dalam membentuk keimanan dan meneguhkan jati diri seorang muslim. Selaku pemimpin Pendidikan yang dipertanggungjawab mengendalikan pelbagai tugas hakiki, sudah menjadi keutamaan memegang amanah sebaik-baiknya. Kerangka asas Syura yang dihasilkan dalam kajian ini mampu mencorak serta menjadi panduan meningkatkan potensi amanah dalam setiap kepimpinan pendidikan. Selain itu, dorongan sifat amanah lahir dari keyakinan yang tinggi bahawa tanggungjawab sebagai khalifah yang diamanahkan dan nilai takwa menurut kaca mata Islam yang syumul. Amanah dalam pengurusan kepimpinan pendidikan dilihat lebih memberi makna dengan wujudnya amalan syura dalam kalangan organisasi bagi memastikan pendidikan yang progresif. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi amanah dalam kalangan organisasi berdasarkan pelaksanaan amalan syura dalam kepimpinan guru besar. Selain itu, kajian juga bertujuan untuk menggariskan konstruk amanah berpandukan amalan seharian guru-guru. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kuantitatif dengan menjadikan soal selidik sebagai sumber utama pemerolehan data. Seramai 200 orang guru dari 23 buah sekolah agama bergred A di daerah Johor Bahru telah menjadi responden kajian bagi mendapatkan data berkualiti dan mempunyai krediabiliti sebagaimana cadangan Pegawai Pendididikan Islam Johor Bahru. Analisis statistik kajian ini dianalisis mengunakan perisian Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPSS) 22.0. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya sikap amanah dalam kalangan guru-guru sebagaimana catatan nilai alpha cronbach 0.869 pada skala tinggi. Analisis korelasi (r) dan ujian regresi berganda digunakan bagi menganalisis nilai hubungan yang signifikan (p) terhadap konstruk amanah yang digariskan. Hasil kajian juga mendapati bahawa konstruk amanah (ikutan, muhasabah diri, taat, motivasi, tanggungjawab) mendominasi kepimpinan pendidikan yang mengamalkan syura serta mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan. Kajian merumuskan bahawa sikap amanah menjadi inti pati utama mewujudkan kepimpinan pendidikan yang sempurna seterusnya meningkatkan amalan syura demi mencapai pendidikan yang progresif di sekolah. Amalan syura yang dilaksanakan dalam kalangan guru besar berdasarkan kerangka asas syura melalui sikap amanah berupaya memastikan prestasi cemerlang pendidikan sebagaimana kejayaan dan keunggulan kepimpinan baginda Rasulullah SAW dalam banyak bidang.

Objective - The study seeks to determine the relationship between psychosocial factors, namely social support, impression management and emotional factors (stress, anxiety and depression), with quality of life among flood victims. The Conservation of Resources Stress Approach Model and The Social Support Deterioration Model suggest that quality of life is dependent upon these psychosocial factors. Methodology/Technique - The cross-sectional study examined 1300 flood victims in flood prone areas in Malaysia. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, The Bolino and Turnley Impression Management Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaires were used to measure the psychosocial factors, while The WHO Quality of Life instrument was used to measure quality of life. The results were analysed using Pearson Correlations. Findings - The findings demonstrate that, in general, psychosocial factors are associated with quality of life. Social support dimensions and emotional factor dimensions were significantly correlated with quality of life. In addition, two dimensions of impression management were correlated with quality of life. The findings are consistent with the psychosocial theory that implies an overall relationship between the variables studied. Novelty – This study suggests that there is much to be done in terms of community flood education in Malaysia, as well as training for emergency aid providers to decrease the likelihood of negative effects of psychosocial factors on individuals' quality of life. A psychosocial support programme is recommended to enhance overall quality of life for flood victims. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Psychosocial; Social Support; Impression Management; Stress; Anxiety; Depression; Quality of Life. JEL Classification: I30, I31.

This study aims to identify the spiritual leadership of Islam among school principals in the State Religious Council Makassar. This study also identifies whether the elements of the school culture in the school environment. A total of 204 teachers from three madrassas Aliyah Negeri (MAN) in the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi Province was selected as the sample. The data in this study were analyzed using SPSS for frequency distribution and mean of each item for each characteristic practice of spiritual leadership in the school principals and school culture elements. From the analysis of the data showed that eight (8) characteristics of leadership practices spiritual has recorded the mean high, namely: (1) faith (trust) (2), piety (3) justice (4) Integrity (5) shura (6) discipline and strength moral (7) service (8) humility. All of the spiritual leadership of Islam recorded a high score of over 2,332. Madrasah cultural elements were found to occur in madrassas Council of State with a mean score of 3,96 until 4,34. Based on the findings, concluded that the practice of the spiritual leadership of Islam and Islamic culture has given great implications on the school principal’s leadership strategy to achieve success and excellence.

Objective : Patients beliefs determine their response to an illness and its management especially if it is chronic. Studies assessing patient’s knowledge of their epilepsy are scarce. We report the first objective study evaluating knowledge, attitude and practices of epilepsy patients referred to a tertiary care centre in East Coast of Malaysia. Materials and Methods : A cross sectional study using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire among consenting epilepsy patients. Results : The demographic details and responses to a questionnaire assessing their insight towards epilepsy were recorded. Among 132 respondents, 51.5% were male and 48.5 % were female. Their age ranged from 14 to 70 years (mean = 31.63 ± 13.41). Majority (53.8%) of them aged equal or less than 30 years. The median number of years they had epilepsy was 8.0 (4.0, 18.8) years and average duration of seizure prior to seeking medical attention was 1.0 (0.3, 4.5) years. The average number of years they were receiving treatment from a hospital was 5.50 ± 5.84. Most (90.9%) did not know the cause of epilepsy; however 93.9 % were aware that it can be treated with modern drugs. While only 22.7 % believed that faith healers can treat epilepsy, 74.2% had tried other forms of treatment. Negative attitude was reflected in the belief that epilepsy is due to supernatural powers (1.5%) and that epilepsy is contagious (17.4 %). Positive attitude included that PWE can take a job (66.7%), allowing a child with epilepsy to study (80%), not objecting children to play with a child with epilepsy (54.5%), marry (65.9%) and having children (58.3%). Conclusions : Patients with epilepsy are not knowledgeable about their disorder. This is true regardless of age, educational background, or number of years with epilepsy. The results suggest that there is a critical need to enhance epilepsy education and improve attitudes towards epilepsy beyond seizure control. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.545-553

Sustainability illustrates something with the tendency to maintain one's existing quality. To guarantee the sustainability of the world, nature, stays in a good condition, the attitude of the people of earth is very related. To achieve the sustainability of the earth and nation, positive and active engagement from the smallest community unit, which is family, is very important. Ideally, families are the first teachers for children. The family or parents are their role models. They give the greatest impact for the growth of personality, attitude, value, characteristic and skills for the young generation. The family unit are the main source in understanding and giving understandings one's meaning and philosophy. Then, this concept paper will highlight the concept of sustainability in general and the sustainability concept from the Islamic perspective as well as the relationship between the family unit behaviour in guaranteeing a life where a family with harmony and sustainability could give an impact to the universal well-being.

Humans and education are two important issues in planning the growth, development and advancement of a country. The basic education for an individual starts with the teaching at home, school and the environment. Children’s education is important in Islam. The importance of emphasising the development of children is a practice pioneered by Islamic scholars since ancient times based on the teaching of Islam that used Qur’an and Sunnah as their references. Parents today face with challenges in educating their children. They are required to ensure that their children are raised and given the education that covers the development of intellect, physical, spiritual, morals and social. Education can nurture the current and future generations to grow and be responsible to God, themselves, other people and the country. The aim of the present research was to examine about the effective approaches of children’s education in shaping a sustainable family according to Islamic references. The research method is based on reading of articles, journals, newspapers, books and others as primary data. The learning process involves mental, physical, emotional and social aspects. This article in general discusses about teaching in the aspects of education, which is classified into four types namely Formal Teaching, Informal Teaching, Non-Formal Teaching and Rasulullah pbuh Teaching Method. Generally, the aspects of children’s education are divided into aspects of faith, morals, physical, mental, spiritual social, emotional and sexology. Therefore, there are three main things that need to be emphasised in shaping children and their souls in forming a sustainable family which include strengthening of spiritual and worship activities, knowledge and noble values.