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1. CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AMONG UNDER FIVE IN PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA: THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

Author

Azli Baharudin, Cheong Siew Man, Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin, Megat Rusydi Megat Radzi, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz, Lalitha Palaniveloo, Ruhaya Salleh, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, and Noor Ani Ahmad

Abstract

Being overweight and obese during childhood increases the potential of becoming obese adults later in life. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors associated with overweight (including obesity) among children under five years of age in Putrajaya, Malaysia. A total of 211 children with overweight cases were successfully recruited in this case-control study. The same number for control group which was normal children also being recruited by matching according to sex and age group with the case group. Data collection was performed by four approaches such as face-to-face interview, anthropometric measurements, finger prick for haemoglobin level and self-administered 3-day food diary. WHO Anthro software was used to determine the nutritional status of children. Descriptive statistic and logistic regression were performed to determine risk factors that contributed to overweight. Multiple logistic regressions showed overweight or obese father was 1.88 times more likely to have overweight children compared to normal BMI father. Mothers who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were 2.93 times more likely to have overweight children compared to those with no complication during pregnancy. Pregnant women who attended antenatal visits for less than 9 times were 3.33 times more likely to have overweight children compared to pregnant women who attended 9 to 14 times of antenatal visits. Children with fewer siblings were 2.10 times more likely to be overweight compared to children with four or more siblings. These findings indicated related risks factors contributing to childhood overweight from the early stages including maternal and paternal factors. Early life intervention especially during pregnancy stages which include antenatal care and antenatal intervention on dietary and physical activity during peri-conception period is seen to be important to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes and further improve maternal and child’s health. Hence it would be more effective to prevent childhood overweight or obesity in later age and its long-term consequences.

Published
2021
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2. Assessing of HIV Knowledge among Young Adolescents in Malaysia: Findings of National Health Morbidity Survey in 2020

Author

Mohd Hazrin Hasim, Shaiful Azlan, Fazila Haryati Ahmad, Norhafizah Sahril, Chan Ying Ying, Chan Yee Mang, Nur Liana Majid, Syamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Mohd Ruhaizie Riyadzi, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak, and Anita Suleiman

Abstract

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that targets the CD4+ of human T-lymphocyte cells of the immune system. The weakening immune system causes susceptibility to multiple infective diseases and cancers. This study is aimed to determinant the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and to identify the associated factors of the HIV/AIDS knowledge among the urban and rural Malaysian young people. Methods: Data was collected using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) method. HIV knowledge was assessed using the UNGASS indicators, which contain five questions on HIV prevention and transmission. There were two questions regarding the association between HIV transmission with sexual practice and behaviour. The remainder was one question, each related to insect bite, meal sharing, and knowledge about the physical appearance of someone with HIV infection. Respondents who correctly answer all five questions were considered to have adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Results: The result from a questionnaire revealed the prevalence of the young people HIV/AIDS knowledge in urban area was 14.7% (95% CI: 9.96, 21.28) whereas in rural area was 10.9% (95% CI: 6.83, 16.89) in 2020. The results revealed significant difference of misconceptions on healthy-looking person have HIV where urban was 71.7% (95% CI: 66.46, 76.37) and rural was 59.8% (95% CI: 56.05, 63.41). Furthermore, there are significant difference of misconceptions on person get HIV by sharing food with someone who is infected where as urban was 64.8% (95% CI: 60.48, 68.98) while rural was 52.6% (95% CI: 48.67, 56.50). Conclusion: The findings from this survey have important implications for the development of primary HIV/AIDS prevention programs and HIV educational campaigns to increase knowledge and dispel misconceptions about HIV.

Published
2022
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3. Nutritional and Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Status Association with Fall among Older Persons in Malaysia: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) Malaysia 2018

Author

Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Lalita Palineveloo, Mohamad Fuad Mohamad Anuar, Azli Baharudin, Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin, Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin, Cheong Siew Man, Munawara Pardi, Jayvikramjit Vikram Singh, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Sector for Biostatistics, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, and Nur Shahida Abd Aziz

Subjects
Response rate (survey), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), Odds ratio, Non-communicable disease, medicine.disease, Logistic regression, Obesity, Malnutrition, Environmental health, medicine, business
Abstract

ntroduction Fall is a health problem for older persons. This study investigates the potential factors of concern: the nutritional status of the elderly and non-communicable disease association with incidents of falls. Methods and Materials This study used data from NHMS 2018, a cross-sectional design, applied two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Descriptive statistics such as the percentage of each variable were done. Factors associated with falls were determined at both univariate and multivariable levels using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. The data were presented as standard values for each analysis and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI with p values (

Published
2021
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4. Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associated Factors Among Malaysian Adults: Finding From the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019

Author

Chean Tat Chong, Wai Kent Lai, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Munawara Pardi, Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin, and Shubash Shander Ganapathy

Subjects
Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Prevalence, Malaysia, Humans, Female, Obesity, Morbidity, Health Surveys
Abstract

In 2016, World Health Organization (WHO) estimated more than 650 million obese adults, resulting in a country’s health burden. This study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among Malaysian adults. A total of 5820 respondents, aged 18 to 59 years, from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, were included for the data analysis. The prevalence of obesity was described and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with obesity. The prevalence of obesity among Malaysian adults was 20.1%, based on the findings from this study. Multivariate analyses showed that women, being Malays, Indians, and other Bumiputeras, were significantly associated with a higher risk of obesity. Besides, those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and hypertension were also significantly associated with greater risk of obesity. This information is crucial for policy makers in formulating effective strategies or targeted programs in preventing obesity among Malaysian adults.

Published
2022

5. Analysis of Available Nutrition Recommendations to Combat COVID-19: A Scoping Review

Author

Munawara Pardi, Ruhaya Salleh, Jayvikramjit Singh Manjit Singh, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, and Ahmad Ali Zainuddin

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, pandemic, nutrition recommendation, nutrition prevention, Pseudoscience, COVID-19, Healthy eating, Review Article, General Medicine, Disease, nutrition intervention, Family medicine, Pandemic, medicine, Fake news, business, Inclusion (education)
Abstract

The current COVID-19 pandemic remains severe. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting every aspect of our lives. Currently, the spread of inaccurate information or fake news on the internet to the public is causing the community to panic. Thus, this study aims to obtain available information on food and nutrition related to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from various sources. A scoping review framework was used to chart the evidence on nutritional recommendations to prevent COVID-19 based on the preferred method in reporting systematic review and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The articles were categorised into three main groups: i) general dietary recommendations; ii) supplementation with specific micronutrients and iii) their mixtures and supplementation with traditional herbs and miscellaneous foods. A total of 60 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used in the review. This scoping review demonstrates that there is no miracle cure, food or supplement that can cure or prevent COVID-19. Currently, there is no confirmed treatment or vaccine for the disease. Practicing healthy eating habits is the best nutritional recommendation during the pandemic. Hence, this review hopefully will provide evidence-based nutrition recommendations that are available for current COVID-19 treatment. We hope that the authorities can inform the public and media to stop the spread of nutrition pseudoscience in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2021
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6. Factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverages consumption among Malaysian adolescents: findings from the Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017

Author

Siew Man Cheong, Lalitha Palaniveloo, Azli Baharudin, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Safiah Md. Yusof, Mohamad Hasnan Admad, Ruhaya Salleh, and Nur Shahida Abd Aziz

Subjects
Consumption (economics), stomatognathic diseases, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Environmental health, Medicine, Nutrition survey, business, Sugar, Food Science
Abstract

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a public health problem in Malaysia. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with obesity in children. There is a lack of studies on factors associated with SSB consumption in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with SSB consumption among Malaysian adolescents. Methods: Data of 2,021 students, aged 10-17 years on sociodemographic, SSB intake and anthropometrics were drawn from the school-based Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017. A multistage stratified cluster sampling was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of primary and secondary school students. Body mass index (BMI)-for-age status was determined based on calculated z-score using the World Health Organization 2007 reference. SSB consumption was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adolescents were 16.6% and 14.7%, respectively. Malaysian adolescents consumed 1.4 cups of SSB per day. Rural children had a significantly higher SSB intake (1.5 cups) than urban (1.3 cups) children, while males (1.5 cups) had a significantly higher intake than females (1.3 cups). There were no significant differences in SSB consumption between thin, normal, overweight and obese adolescents. Conclusion: Almost all Malaysian adolescents consumed SSB during one month prior to the survey and the average amount consumed was 1.4 cups per day. Rural locality and male were associated with higher SSB consumption. There were differences in SSB consumption between Chinese and Malays, between Chinese and Indians, and between Chinese and Bumiputra Sarawak. There were no differences in consumption between the different BMI-for-age categories.

Published
2021
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7. Factors contributing to food insecurity among older persons in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey ( <scp>NHMS</scp> ) 2018

Author

Ruhaya Salleh, Cheong Siew Man, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Lalitha Palaniveloo, Norlida Zulkafly, Siti Adibah Ab.Halim, Azli Baharudin@Shaharuddin, Norhasmah Sulaiman, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz, Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin, Munawara Pardi, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Suzana Shahar, Rusidah Selamat, and Norazizah Ibrahim Wong

Subjects
Male, Nutritional Status, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, Social support, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030502 gerontology, Environmental health, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Poverty, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, National health, business.industry, Malnutrition, Malaysia, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Stratified sampling, Food insecurity, Voucher, Food Insecurity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Income, Female, Morbidity, Rural area, 0305 other medical science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Aim Older persons are vulnerable to food insecurity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and associated factors among older persons in Malaysia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with two-stage stratified random sampling. In total, 3977 older persons participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a mobile device to obtain information about socio-demographic background, food insecurity, non-communicable diseases, social support and living arrangements. Descriptive and multiple complex sample logistic regression analyses were performed for data analysis. Results The overall prevalence of food insecurity among older persons was 10.4%. Older persons from rural areas with no or only primary and secondary education, income less than RM 2000 (USD 477.57), at risk of malnutrition and not receiving very high social support were more likely to be food-insecure. Conclusion Approximately, one-tenth of Malaysian older adults were classified as food-insecure; particularly those living in rural areas from lower socio-economic status, not receiving very high social support and malnourished were more likely to be at risk. A specific nutrition program, such as meals on wheels and food vouchers, should be targeted toward older persons who are at risk to improve their malnutrition status. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 73-78.

Published
2020
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8. FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION IN MALAYSIA: FINDINGS FROM MALAYSIAN ADULT NUTRITION SURVEY (MANS) 2014

Author

Tahir Aris, Rusidah Selamat, Muhamad Hasnan Ahmad, Nur Liyana Abdul Majid, Wan Azdie Mohd Abu Bakar, Ruhaya Salleh, and Ahmad Ali Zainuddin

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Meal, Government, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Food security, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, Logistic regression, Food insecurity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Nutrition survey, Household income, 030212 general & internal medicine, Business
Abstract

Food insecurity affects food intake, and it could prevent an individual from consuming enough nutritious food to support and maintain health. The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence and factors influencing food insecurity among Malaysian households. In 2014, the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) was carried out, and one of the components measured was food insecurity. Six out of sixteen questions from the food security core-module questionnaire were adopted and answered by 2962 adults. The results showed that about 25.0% adult experienced food quantity insufficiency, 25.5% had food variety insufficiency, 21.9% practised reduced size of the meal, and 15.2% skipped main meal due to lack of money to spend on. For the parents, 23.7% only rely on cheap food to feed children, and 20.8% could not afford to purchase various foods to feed their children. Location, strata, race, level of education, working status and household income shows significant difference while none of the nutritional status components found to be difference in all six parameters of food insecurity measured. Logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios discovered race, education level and household income were related to risk to all six parameters of food insecurity. In conclusion, food insecurity can be a serious problem in Malaysia. An effective and comprehensive effort by the government in terms of policy solution is required to increase education level and ensure an adequate income for every household. Therefore, future research should focus on some of those promising policy solutions and at the same time, study the other possible underlying factors that may lead to food insecurity.

Published
2020
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9. Factors Influencing the Levels of Awareness on Malaysian Healthy Plate Concept among Rural Adults in Malaysia

Author

Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Cheong Siew Man, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Shubash Shander Ganapathy, and Noor Ani Ahmad

Subjects
Adult, Male, Rural Population, Adolescent, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Health Status, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Malaysia, level of awareness, Malaysian Healthy Plate, rural, adult, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Female
Abstract

Malaysian Healthy Plate was launched in 2017 as a vital component of the Malaysian Ministry of Health’s “Quarter-Quarter-Half” program. It is predicted that this concept will bring positive change to the citizen’s dietary habits; however, the residents in rural areas may experience less exposure to this campaign, or lack of understanding to the concept of Malaysian Healthy Plate. Hence, this study aims to assess factors affecting the campaign’s awareness among the rural population in Malaysia. The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 focused on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Data collection was carried out from July to September 2019. Questionnaires that pertained to awareness, knowledge, and practice were included in this nationwide survey. Data collected from adults in rural areas aged 18 years old and above were used as respondents for the statistical analysis. Complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between the independent variables and awareness of the Malaysian Healthy Plate concept. About four fifths (83.2%) of rural adults in Malaysia were unaware of the Malaysian Healthy Plate concept after three years of implementation. The unawareness was significantly higher in males (91.3%), adults aged above 60 years old (91.8%), adults of others ethnicity (88.5%), those without formal education (95.2%), widows/widowers/divorcees (88.1%), retirees/adults who were not working (88.4%), and household income at the bottom 40% (B40) (85.0%). Unawareness of this concept was significantly associated with male gender (aOR = 4.12; 95% CI: 3.06–5.56); age, 40–59 years (aOR = 1.46; 95% CI:1.08–1.97); without formal education (aOR = 3.47; 95% CI:1.34–9.01); working in private sector (aOR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.59–4.77); self-employed (aOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.58–4.87); retirees (aOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.23–4.36); and unpaid workers (aOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.51–4.51). Awareness of the Malaysian Healthy Plate concept is associated with rural adults being males, with older age, with lower socio-economic status, without partner, and without job. This study suggests that a more effective strategy is needed to increase the awareness of the Malaysian Healthy Plate concept among rural adults.

Published
2022

11. Under-reporting of energy and nutrient intake is a persistent issue in the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Surveys

Author

Safiah Md. Yusof, Tahir Aris, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Leng Huat Foo, Norazmir Md Nor, and Adriana Irawati Nur Ibrahim

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Primary schooling, Energy (esotericism), Population, Nutrient intake, Micronutrient, Under-reporting, Medicine, Energy intakes, education, business, Body mass index, Food Science, Demography
Abstract

Introduction: Under-reporting of energy intake is a common cause of bias in nutritional studies. This study was aimed at examining the extent of underreporting of energy intake and its related characteristics among respondents in the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2003 and MANS 2014. Methods: The present study analysed energy intakes of 9,624 adults aged 18-59 years from the MANS in year 2014 (2,890 respondents) and 2003 (6,734 respondents) using a single 24-hour diet recall. Basal metabolic rates (BMR) were calculated from the age- and gender-specific equations of Schofield. Under-reporting was defined as an energy intake:BMR ratio of

Published
2019
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12. Author response: Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author

Zahra Mohammadi, Abdul Basit, Helena I. S. Nogueira, Soile E. Puhakka, Hongsheng Bi, Ari Voutilainen, Davood Khalili, Bin Zhou, Dermot O'Reilly, Natascia Rinaldo, Paulo A. Lotufo, Bahareh Kheiri, Thein Thein Htay, Simona Giampaoli, Goodarz Danaei, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Simona Bo, Peter Schnohr, Jerzy Chudek, Francesco Panza, Ling Yang, Katia Vergetti Bloch, Vincenzo Capuano, Holly E. Syddall, Dong Zhao, Indah Suci Widyahening, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Leng Huat Foo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Merete Osler, Laura Torres-Collado, Manu Raj, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Susi Kriemler, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Aneta Grajda, Anette Varbo, Kazem Mohammad, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Shu Ti Chiou, Iuliia A Rusakova, Jyh Eiin Wong, Torben Jørgensen, Lela Sturua, Lubica Ticha, Hamid Hakimi, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Yanina Zócalo, Freda Pitakaka, Savvas C. Savva, Rajeev Gupta, Jennifer Servais, Marie Kunešová, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Yannis Manios, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Yufang Bi, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Sibel Gogen, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Kristine H. Allin, Ana Azevedo, Line Tang Møllehave, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Gretchen A Stevens, Dickman Gareta, Holger Theobald, Anja Schienkiewitz, Bekbolat Zholdin, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Ulla Roggenbuck, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, Robespierre Ribeiro, Gabriele Eiben, Eero Kajantie, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Mary Simon, Prakash C. Gupta, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Bee Koon Poh, Cristina Padez, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Sarah P. Garnett, William R. Tebar, Yingfeng Zheng, Suhad Bahijri, Christina Mavrogianni, Mihaela Vladulescu, Jan A. Staessen, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Rui Ornelas, Michael Sjöström, Charles Agyemang, Slawomir Koziel, Shohreh Naderimagham, Jari Jokelainen, Stephen T. McGarvey, Patrick Pasquet, Farnam Mohebi, Nader Saki, Aida Pilav, Azim Nejatizadeh, Marianna Noale, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Luís B. Sardinha, Laura Lauria, Jun Hata, Kodanda R Kanala, Gert B. M. Mensink, Nils Lehmann, Elio Riboli, Carolina Tarqui-Mamani, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Luis Serra-Majem, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Felipe Vogt Cureau, Lekhraj Rampal, Zhamilya Battakova, Ludmila Sevcikova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Fikru Tullu, Aung Soe Htet, Angel R. Gonzalez, Annette J. Dobson, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Hélène Delisle, Francisco J. Félix-Redondo, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Annika Rosengren, Sania Nishtar, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Wolfgang Ahrens, Osvaldo Santos, Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção, Kazi M. Jamil, Stefano Marventano, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Shukri F. Mohamed, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Soon-Woo Park, Ana Isabel Rito, David Goltzman, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Catterina Ferreccio, Marta Buoncristiano, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Pradeep Joshi, Edward D Janus, Laetitia Huiart, Ala'a Alkerwi, Lorenza Pilotto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Daan Kromhout, Marius B. Bjertness, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Nico Dragano, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Yuki Fujita, Juraci Almeida Cesar, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Maria Dorobantu, Jordi Sunyer, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, Drude Molbo, Rebecca Goldsmith, Jean Woo, Mohammad El-khateeb, Tiffany K. Gill, Nish Chaturvedi, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Nikhil D. Patel, Francesco Pistelli, Yuan He, Ivana Radic, Yi Zeng, Ilse Khouw, Reynaldo Martorell, Ching-Yu Cheng, Stine Schramm, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Jacek Jóźwiak, Radwan Qasrawi, Isti Ilmiati Fujiati, Charles Sossa Jérome, Ben Schöttker, Mikhail Benet, Anastasia Markaki, Christopher T. Cowell, Bharathi Viswanathan, Renata Kuciene, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Pedro J Ortiz, Delphine De Smedt, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamel Ajlouni, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Graziella D'Arrigo, Xiangjun Wang, Lars Lind, Macia Enguerran, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Bo Werner, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Kyungwon Oh, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Felix Kaducu, Ramon O. Jimenez, Jonathan E. Shaw, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Aicha Soumare, Astrid Petersmann, Tomasz Grodzicki, Parvina Mukhtorova, Eha Nurk, Bhawesh Koirala, Óscar Lopes, Ana Jelakovic, Karolina Milkowska, Magda Gasull, Regina Heidinger-Felso, Marcela González-Gross, Belong Cho, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Salvador Villalpando, Tran Quoc Bao, José Boggia, Daniela Galeone, Josep Redon, Matthias Bopp, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Dusko Bjelica, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Felipe F. Casanueva, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Soheir H Ahmed, Maria Nordendahl, Luciana Zaccagni, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Rod Jackson, Jorge Motta, Keiu Nelis, Fernando Rigo, Andrzej Pajak, Christa Meisinger, Clara Homs, Namuna Shrestha, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Xun Tang, Johann Willeit, Motahareh Kheradmand, Jean Dallongeville, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Anne Tjønneland, Diana A. Santos, Lynne M. Boddy, Jie Hao, David Alejandro González-Chica, Elin Kolle, Jingli Gao, Małgorzata Mossakowska, Isabel O. Oliveira, Giuseppe Grosso, Seongjun Ha, Olfa Saidi, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Oye Gureje, Raluca Pop, Iulia Jurca Simina, Nuno Lunet, Maria Forsner, Peter Bjerregaard, Rachael McLean, Antonio Cabrera de León, Guy De Backer, José A. Casajús, Guang Ning, Emmanuella Magriplis, Laura Censi, Graziella Bruno, Valentina Peterkova, Angelique Chan, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou, Anjani Kumar Jha, Toomas Veidebaum, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Jana Kratenova, Michelle Cilia, Ivo Rakovac, Bill Stavreski, Ya Xing Wang, Oscar Noboa, Romana Roccaldo, Sara Magnacca, Johan Sundström, Peter Stehle, Tania Lopez, Francis Delpeuch, Julianne Williams, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Leanne M. Riley, Claudia M. Hormiga, Joanne Katz, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Heloisa Bettiol, Gabriele Nagel, Alireza Khosravi, Lars Bo Andersen, João Breda, Jørgen Meisfjord, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Marjeta Majer, Robert Beaglehole, Caleb Ochimana, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, George S. Stergiou, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Leon A. Simons, Eng Joo Tan, Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo, Gry Skodje, Maryam Keramati, Liv Elin Torheim, Seppo Koskinen, Assembekov Batyrbek, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Ming-Hui Zhao, Krista Fischer, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Agnès Le Port, Reza Homayounfar, James E. Bennett, Yuna He, Matsuda Fumihiko, Qi Sheng You, Angela Spinelli, Scott B. McLean, Shirin Djalalinia, Thet Thet Mu, Yves Martin-Prével, Rafael N. Pichardo, Gailute Bernotiene, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Frederick C. W. Wu, Chandini Nekkantti, Daniela Rodrigues, Tandi E. Matsha, Mihai Gafencu, Xingwang Ye, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Trevor S. Ferguson, Christophe Tzourio, Marie Zins, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Xu Ma, Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Nalan Uysal, Salim Berkinbayev, Enisa Kujundzic, Sari Voutilainen, Iraj Mohebbi, Heiner Boeing, Jorge Mota, Jana Námešná, Maria Tsigga, Zivka Dika, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Xu Lin, Valéria Regecová, Herman Schargrodsky, Stevo Popovic, Amelia C. Crampin, Hannu Uusitalo, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Ali Esmaeili, Catherine Kyobutungi, Virginija Dulskiene, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, David De Ridder, Lizzy M. Brewster, Hashem Jaddou, Eunice Ugel, José Camolas, Azli Baharudin, Idris Guessous, Sok King Ong, Tabara Yasuharu, Ali Ghanbari, Anne W. Taylor, Iraj Nabipour, Justyna Godos, Cyrus Cooper, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Gonzalo Valdivia, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Takuro Furusawa, Pawel Kurjata, Diego Vanuzzo, Marvin Cervantes-Loaiza, Karen Morgan, Mostafa Qorbani, Rute Santos, Marika Ferrari, Diego Salmerón, Ida Maria Schmidt, Gao Pei, Abu Am Hanif, Balkish M. Naidu, Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi, Moesijanti Soekatri, Marcia Scazufca, Katharina Maruszczak, Jacqueline Ramke, Elvis Oa Wambiya, Kairit Mikkel, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Miao Li Chee, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Michel Joffres, Vayia Rarra, Ningli Wang, Charmaine A. Duante, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Weili Yan, Dong Wook Shin, Rômulo Araújo Fernandes, Ilona Nenko, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Indrapal I. Meshram, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Ei Ei K. 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Sy, José María Huerta, Ko Ko Zaw, Akihiro Yoshihara, Peter Ueda, Belgin Ünal, Rachel Dankner, Andrzej Wiecek, Eman Aly, Ruzena Kubinova, Justina Vaitkeviciute, Hanna Tolonen, Priscilla Duboz, Orn Olafsson, Yin Guo, Chiara Donfrancesco, Salim Mohanna, Dusan Grafnetter, Daniel Weghuber, Ali Ahmadi, Rosemary B. Duda, E. Shyong Tai, Louise A. Baur, Nihal Thomas, Prabhdeep Kaur, Norlaila Mustafa, Shariq Rashid Masoodi, Liis Nelis, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Lèlita Santos, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Jeannette Lee, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Alain Morejon, Ying-Wei Wang, Jakob Tarp, Rosalba Rojas-Martínez, Luxia Zhang, Bahram Mohajer, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Jurate Klumbiene, Zhengming Chen, Ambady Ramachandran, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Alisha N. Wade, Suyeon Park, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Lucjan Szponar, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Tahir Aris, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Juan P. González-Rivas, Rob M. van Dam, Daniel Bia, Oonagh Markey, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Kumiko Ohara, Ričardas Radišauskas, Jurate Medzioniene, Tiina Vlasoff, Tania Tello, Suzanne C. Ho, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, May Soe Aung, Vesselka Duleva, Michael Hobbs, Lutgarde Thijs, Marjolein Visser, Parasmani Dasgupta, Inge Huybrechts, Raimund Erbel, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Hermann Brenner, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Jolanda Hyska, Roman Topor-Madry, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Merike Liivak, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Mathilde Savy, Herculina S. Kruger, Neil Murphy, Vinay Nangia, Cesar G. Victora, Mostafa K. Mohamed, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Gabriella Gruden, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Maria Teresa Menzano, Francesco Branca, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Elena Bogova, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Maroje Sorić, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Tatjana Hejgaard, Yves Kameli, Margarita Samoutian, Andreia N. Pizarro, Jin Soo Moon, Frank Claessens, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Frank Tanser, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Johan G. Eriksson, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Hanspeter Stamm, Kim Overvad, Yanping Li, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Wichai Aekplakorn, Anwar Batieha, Eduardo Capuano, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Paola Russo, Nguyen D Nguyen, Luis Revilla, Hossein Poustchi, Farid Najafi, Giovanni de Gaetano, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Paul Elliott, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Angela Döring, Giovanni Viegi, Xiaoguang Yang, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Mahmudur Rahman, Günther Fink, Marcia Makdisse, Dragana P Jovic, Aline Wagner, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Pascal Bovet, Dong Wook Kim, Tom Wilsgaard, Anders Grøntved, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Antonia Trichopoulou, Noushin Mohammadifard, Igor Spiroski, Natasja M. van Schoor, Cláudia S. Minderico, Betina H. Thuesen, Queenie Chan, Ulf Ekelund, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Line Lund Kårhus, Cihangir Erem, Amina Barkat, Maria Paula Santos, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Allan G. Hill, Honor Bixby, Benoît Salanave, Joana Carvalho, Maigeng Zhou, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Roy A Wong-McClure, Kim F. Michaelsen, Doris Stöckl, Rosalynn Siantar, Jouko Saramies, José R. Banegas, Quang Ngoc La, Uruwan Yamborisut, Parinaz Mehdipour, Farhad Pourfarzi, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Katsuyasu Kouda, Chien-Jen Chen, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Martin Nankap, Allan Linneberg, Ronald D. Gregor, Rudolf Kaaks, Maria do Carmo Franco, Marta García-Solano, Beata Gurzkowska, Bahman Cheraghian, Stefaan De Henauw, Daniel Ferrante, Johanna A. Otero, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Antonio Pedro Graça, Sumit Bharadwaj, Shiqi Zhen, Xiu-Hua Guo, Prashant Mathur, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Kouamelan Doua, Esteban Carmuega, Majid Shirani, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Petra Rust, Visnja Djordjic, Farahnaz Joukar, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Leila Houti, Nayu Ikeda, Imperia Brajkovich, Amirabbas Momenan, Erik J. Timmermans, Marcin Rutkowski, Biruta Velika, Joana Araújo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Christa L. Lilly, Per Tynelius, Michael Tornaritis, Anne Juolevi, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Espen Bjertness, Ana P. Ortiz, Joel G. R. Roy, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Michelle Holdsworth, Niels Wedderkopp, Johan Van der Heyden, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Hsien-Ho Lin, Eva Corpeleijn, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Michala Lustigová, Tuyen D Le, Teresa Norat, Hana Zamrazilová, Garry Brian, Tien Yin Wong, Rosa Haghshenas, Clive Osmond, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Vilma Irazola, Olli T. Raitakari, Marco Aurélio Peres, Terho Lehtimäki, Shuohua Chen, Dimitrios Papandreou, Robert J. Adams, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Luisa M Macieira, Félicité Tchibindat, Lital Keinan Boker, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, N Capkova, Zumin Shi, Maria Turley, Zbigniew Gaciong, Giovanni Veronesi, Martin McKee, Veikko Salomaa, Gilad Twig, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Peter Kristensen, Grazyna Jasienska, Victor Guillermo Sequera, Mario V. Capanzana, Con Burns, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Ming-Dong Wang, Jonathan Giovannelli, Stela McLachlan, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Stefania Toselli, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Senthil K Vasan, Sara Schramm, Xenophon Theodoridis, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Guillermo Frontera, Rahul Malhotra, Thomas Ferrao, Dongfeng Gu, Tomas Vega, Hynek Pikhart, Päivi Mäki, Heba Fouad, Vilnis Dzerve, Christina Howitt, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Jenny M. Kindblom, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, G. K. Mini, Qian Wang, Liufu Cui, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sylvain Sebert, Vilmundur Gudnason, Loreto Santa Marina, Kairat Davletov, Afshin Ostovar, Niloofar Peykari, Nicholas J. Wareham, Wilma M. Hopman, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jussi Kauhanen, Breige A. McNulty, Alina Kerimkulova, Youcef Laid, Claes Ohlsson, Stefan Kiechl, Alicia Matijasevich, Boban Mugoša, Srinivasan Kannan, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Shahla AlDhukair, Cynthia M. Pérez, Vera Lanska, Tint Swe Latt, Dominique Hange, João Luiz Bastos, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Reza Malekzadeh, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Pedro Ordunez, Thomas Waldhör, Ioannis Pagkalos, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Abla M. Sibai, Peter Vollenweider, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Aya Mostafa, Fangfang Chen, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Arvind Pandey, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Alejandro Diaz, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jaakko Mursu, Luis A. Moreno, Glen Gironella, Jelena Kos, Tilema Cama, Haakon E. Meyer, Jun Ma, Raphael E. Arku, Ziad Abdeen, Rusidah Selamat, Dianna J. Magliano, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Paul Korrovits, Paola Nardone, Paolo Vineis, Kotsedi D Monyeki, Khuong Quynh Long, Alberto Barceló, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Constance Schultsz, Frank J Rühli, Santiago F. Gomez, Tara Coppinger, Muhammad Islam, Pierre Traissac, Eleonora d'Orsi, Irfan Nuhoglu, Rui Providência, Bernard Maire, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Sinead Brophy, Daniela Pierannunzio, Cristina Taddei, Wen-Harn Pan, Gregor Starc, Abdullah Alkandari, Saeed Dastgiri, Lien Braeckevelt, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Sudhir Kowlessur, Bagher Larijani, Cynthia Robitaille, Mohamed M. Ali, Steiner Krokstad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Anar Dushpanova, Agustinus Soemantri, Susana Sans, Ionela Pascanu, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Inger Ariansen, Abhijit Sen, Sergej M. Ostojic, Silvana Donoso, Felix K. Assah, Juan A Rivera, Peter H. Whincup, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Michael Knoflach, Moein Yoosefi, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Francesco Gianfagna, Stefania Maggi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Herman Borghs, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Heidi Klakk, Akram Pourshams, Naomi S. Levitt, Miquel Porta, Vesna Jureša, Alexander D. Deev, Son Thai Pham, Paula Margozzini, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Dora Romaguera, Monira Alarouj, Winsome R. Parnell, Marloes Cardol, David Faeh, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Giota Touloumi, Maryam Kavousi, Sanja Musić Milanović, Jalila El Ati, Sauli Herrala, Liang Xu, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Ian Hambleton, Stefan Savin, Andre Pascal Kengne, R. Krishna Kumar, Kurt Widhalm, Marco M Ferrario, Parisa Amiri, Yi Song, Jianfeng Wu, Jeannette Klimont, Jean Ferrières, Farhad Zamani, Shina Avi, Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas, Aluísio J D Barros, Reecha Sofat, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Martine Vrijheid, Susana Cararo Confortin, Antonis Zampelas, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Ausra Petrauskiene, Juha Auvinen, Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Magdalena Klimek, Luís Lopes, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Maria Lc Iurilli, Günay Can, Mark Woodward, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Ahmed A. Madar, Rainford J. Wilks, Shoaib Afzal, Melanie J. Cowan, Gareth Stratton, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Sameer Narake, Norie Sawada, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Hanno Ulmer, Deepak Amarapurkar, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Massimo Salvetti, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Sabina Zambon, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Lauren Lissner, Kamarul Imran Musa, Deepa Weerasekera, Bihungum Bista, Takafumi Ishida, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mirjam M. Heinen, Tazeen H. Jafar, Semánová Csilla, Raija Korpelainen, Edward W. Gregg, Laura Gutierrez, Victor M. Herrera, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Shouling Wu, Jennifer L. Baker, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Anna Fijałkowska, Meghnath Dhimal, Murat Topbaş, George Moschonis, Robert Eggertsen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Janette Walton, Elnaz Faramarzi, Nasheeta Peer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Harald Geiger, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Lela Shengelia, María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra, Khem Bahadur Karki, Timothy J. Key, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Susana Vale, Bernhard O. Boehm, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iveta Pudule, Elisabete Ramos, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Paul H. Lee, Terence W O'Neill, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Margus Punab, Bojan Jelaković, Eliza Cinteza, Ha Tp Do, and Alison J. Hayes

Subjects
education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Distribution (economics), medicine.disease, Obesity, Geography, medicine, Underweight, medicine.symptom, education, business, Body mass index, Demography
Published
2020
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13. Exploration of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Approach in Synthesizing the Diet Quality of the Malaysian Population

Author

Asma’ Ali, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, and Barrie Margetts

Subjects
Adult, Dietary Fiber, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, Population, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Sample (statistics), Biology, Malaysian population, Article, Correlation, Eating, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nutrient, Asian People, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Humans, education, Factor analysis, Principal Component Analysis, education.field_of_study, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Descriptive statistics, Malaysia, Reproducibility of Results, diet quality, Nutrients, Middle Aged, Diet, traditional diet, Principal component analysis, Female, Energy Intake, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food Science
Abstract

(1) Background: One of the most main dietary assessments is through a posteriori application. Although extensive research has incorporated dietary assessment of a population through a posteriori application, this study is the first to examine the Malaysian population and use an a posteriori method and principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the dietary patterns of the Malaysian population. The correlation between all dietary patterns derived via PCA and selected nutrient intake were determined in this sample of study, (2) Methods: A total of 3063 respondents (18 to 59 years old) covering Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak, participated in this study. PCA was applied on the food frequency questionnaire collected from the respondents, and descriptive statistics and PCA were performed using SPSS version 21, (3) Results: Six patterns were identified: "traditional", " prudent", " modern", "western", "Chinese", and "combination" diets. All together, these six patterns were able to explain 45.9% of the total variability. Few components derived from the factor loadings showed positive association with several nutrient markers. The traditional dietary pattern showed a moderate, positive correlation with total protein and total sugar intake, there was a significant moderate correlation between the prudent dietary pattern and dietary fibre, and there was a moderate positive association between the Chinese dietary pattern and total energy, and (4) Conclusions: The exploration of the PCA approach above may provide justification for assessment of dietary patterns rather than reliance on single nutrients or foods to identify potential connections to overall nutritional wellbeing as well as to explore the diet&ndash, disease relationship. However, study of pattern analysis must be conducted among the Malaysian population to produce validity and reproducibility for this dietary approach in light of the numerous methodological issues that arise when performing PCA.

Published
2020
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14. Self-Perception of Body Weight Status and Weight Control Practices Among Adolescents in Malaysia

Author

Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Mala A. Manickam, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Azahadi Omar, Siew Man Cheong, Rashidah Ambak, Azli Baharudin, and Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Weight Perception, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Sex Factors, Body Image, medicine, Humans, Child, Response rate (survey), business.industry, Body Weight, Malaysia, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Obesity, Self Concept, Cross-Sectional Studies, Physical therapy, Female, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business, human activities, Body mass index, Weight gain, Demography
Abstract

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents is rising rapidly in many countries, including Malaysia. This article aims to present the associations between body mass index–based body weight status, body weight perception, and weight control practices among adolescents in Malaysia. The Malaysia School Based Nutrition Survey 2012, which included a body weight perception questionnaire and anthropometric measurements, was conducted on a representative sample of 40 011 students from Standard 4 until Form 5, with a 90.5% response rate. Comparing actual and perceived body weight status, the findings show that 13.8% of adolescents underestimated their weight, 35.0% overestimated, and 51.2% correctly judged their own weight. Significantly more normal weight girls felt they were overweight, whereas significantly more overweight boys perceived themselves as underweight. The overall appropriateness of weight control practices to body weight was 72.6%. Adolescents attempting to lose or gain weight need to have better understanding toward desirable behavioral changes.

Published
2014
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15. Factors Associated With Physical Inactivity Among School-Going Adolescents

Author

Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Chan Ying Ying, Azli Baharudin, Hazizi Abu Saad, Rashidah Ambak, Noor Ani Ahmad, Balkish Mahadir Naidu, Siew Man Cheong, Mala A. Manickam, and Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, education, Poison control, Motor Activity, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Risk Factors, Injury prevention, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Child, Students, Schools, business.industry, Malaysia, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, Nutrition Surveys, Confidence interval, Physical therapy, Female, Sedentary Behavior, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract

The importance of physical activity to health is well recognized. Good health habits should begin from a young age. This article aims to explore physical activity among Malaysian school adolescents and factors associated with it. Data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey (MSNS), comprising a nationally representative sample of school-going children aged 10 to 17 years, were used. The overall prevalence of physically inactive adolescents was 57.3%. Age in years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.16-1.23), gender - females (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.66-3.10), afternoon school session, breakfast consumption (no breakfast and irregular breakfast), body mass index status (obese and underweight), and body weight perception (underweight perceivers) were significant factors associated with physical inactivity among Malaysian adolescents. Thus, there is evidence that programs to promote physical activity in this group should consider the combination of the aforementioned factors at the household, school, and community levels.

Published
2014
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16. Optimal waist circumference cut-off values for predicting cardiovascular risk factors in a multi-ethnic Malaysian population

Author

Amal Nasir Mustafa, Khor Geok Lin, Chan Y. Ying, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Jamaiyah Haniff, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Jamalludin Ab Rahman, Lim Kuang Hock, Kee C. Cheong, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Sharmini Selvarajah, and Suzana Shahar

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hypercholesterolemia, Logistic regression, Sensitivity and Specificity, Body Mass Index, Predictive Value of Tests, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Weight management, Ethnicity, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, Abdominal obesity, Aged, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Malaysia, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, ROC Curve, Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity, Abdominal, Predictive value of tests, Hypertension, Physical therapy, Female, Waist Circumference, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract

Summary Introduction Previous studies have proposed the lower waist circumference (WC) cutoffs be used for defining abdominal obesity in Asian populations. Objective To determine the optimal cut-offs of waist circumference (WC) in predicting cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population. Methods We analysed data from 32,703 respondents (14,980 men and 17,723 women) aged 18 years and above who participated in the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey in 2006. Gender-specific logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between WC and three CV risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off values of WC with optimum sensitivity and specificity for detecting these CV risk factors. Results The odds ratio for having diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, or at least one of these risks, increased significantly as the WC cut-off point increased. Optimal WC cut-off values for predicting the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and at least one of the three CV risk factors varied from 81.4 to 85.5 cm for men and 79.8 to 80.7 cm for women. Conclusions Our findings indicate that WC cut-offs of 81 cm for men and 80 cm for women are appropriate for defining abdominal obesity and for recommendation to undergo cardiovascular risk screening and weight management in the Malaysian adult population.

Published
2014
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17. Iodine deficiency status and iodised salt consumption in Malaysia: findings from a national iodine deficiency disorders survey

Author

Rusidah, Selamat, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Mohamud, Ahmad Ali, Zainuddin, Nor Syamlina Che Abdul, Rahim, Suhaila Abdul, Ghaffar, and Tahir, Aris

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, Urban Population, Goiter, Malnutrition, Malaysia, Nutrition Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, Child, Iodine
Abstract

A nationwide cross-sectional school-based survey was undertaken among children aged 8-10 years old to determine the current iodine deficiency status in the country. Determination of urinary iodine (UI) and palpation of the thyroid gland were carried out among 18,012 and 18,078 children respectively while iodine test of the salt samples was done using Rapid Test Kits and the iodometric method. The results showed that based on WHO/ ICCIDD/UNICEF criteria, the national median UI was 109 μg/L [25th, 75th percentile (67, 166)] showing borderline adequacy. The overall national prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) with UI100 μg/L was 48.2% (95% CI: 46.0, 50.4), higher among children residing in rural areas than in urban areas. The highest prevalence of UI100 μg/L was noted among the aborigines [(81.4% (95% CI: 75.1, 86.4)]. The national total goitre rate (grade 1 and grade 2 goitre) was 2.1%. Of 17,888 salt samples brought by the school children, 28.2% (95% CI: 26.4, 30.2) were found to have iodine content. However, the overall proportion of the households in Malaysia using adequately iodised salt as recommended by Malaysian Food Act 1983 of 20-30 ppm was only 6.8% (95% CI: 5.1, 9.0). In conclusion, although a goitre endemic was not present in Malaysia, almost half of the states in Peninsular Malaysia still have large proportion of UI level100 μg/L and warrant immediate action. The findings of this survey suggest that there is a need for review on the current approach of the national IDD prevention and control programme.

Published
2010

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