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This paper demonstrates the construction designing analysis and control strategies for fully tracking concentrated solar thermal by using programmable logic control in the city of Erbil-Iraq. This work used the parabolic dish as a concentrated solar thermal. At the focal point, the collected form of energy is used for heating a (water) in the receiver, analyzing this prototype in real-time with two different shapes of the receiver and comparing the results. For tracking the parabolic dish, four light-dependent resistors are used to detect the sun's position in the sky so that the tracking system follows it to make the beam radiation perpendicular to the collector surface all of the time during the day for maximum solar power energy. This work discusses the essential stages of a two-axis prototype; implementation, solar-location strategy, the analysis in terms of theory, structural design, and material. For two-axis-prototype is implemented with the help of programmable logic control -Siemens (S7-1200) as a control unit. This study results show that a parabolic dish tracker with a cylindrical conical receiver obtains 15.25% Improved efficiency in comparison to the cylindrical receiver. According to the testing results of the prototype design, both shapes of the receiver are convenient for steam production.

This paper establishes new blow-up criteria, in anisotropic Lorentz spaces, via one-directional derivatives of the velocity and magnetic fields for the Cauchy problem to the 3D magneto-micropolar model and via one-directional derivative of velocity for the Cauchy problem to the 3D nonlinear dissipative system.

Summary The zoonotic parasite disease of economic and public health relevance is bovine cysticercosis, resulting from the larval stage of Taenia saginata. The presented research aims to identify intraspecific variation in T. saginata isolated from cattle in Iraq’s Sulaymaniyah province using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. Sequence analysis of the COX1 gene revealed that five distinct haplotypes were identified in 37 T. saginata specimens from Iraq. Four of the five T. saginata haplotypes may have been identified for the first time in the world. Phylogenetic research revealed that all T. saginata haplotypes had been clustered in a single clade, with Korean and Iranian isolates sharing a high degree of closeness. In addition, individual haplotypes related to COX1 had a pairwise evolutionary divergence of 0.005- 0.013, whereas the overall evolutionary divergence regarding all five haplotypes ranged between 0.000-0.018. It was concluded that added newly recorded data on T. saginata genetic variation could have substantial implications for taeniasis epidemiology and control.

اصبحت الجرائم الاقتصادية (الجريمة المنظمة ) ظاهرة دولية متنامية وخطيرة ، اثارت الرأي العام والمجتمع الدولي والباحثيين الاقتصاديين ، هذا الموضوع يعتبر من التخصصات الاقتصادية والقانونية والاجتماعية الحديثة والمهمة وخاصة في القرن الواحد والعشرون ، والانتشار السريع لهذه الجرائم والاثار السلبية التي تخلفها (من هدر للموارد الاقتصادية ) ، جعلت الدول والمؤسسات والمنظمات الدولية عاجزة عن معرفة الحجم الفعلي لهذه الجرائم ومعرفة اساليبها وكيفية مكافحتها والقضاء عليها ، وعليه ركزت الدراسات والبحوث العلمية حول هذه المجال ، ولذلك تهدف هذه الدراسة الى دراسة بعض الجرائم الاقتصادية وبيان اثرها في النمو الاقتصادي في المكسيك ، يتم بداية السرد النظري للجرائم الاقتصادية واسباب انتشارها واثارها وبيان انواعها (جريمة الاتجار بالمخدرات غير المشروعة والاتجار غير المشروع بالاسلحة ،الاتجار بالبشر ، غسيل الاموال ) والتي تعتبر الجزء الغير الشرعي من الاقتصاد الغير الرسمي ، والتي لا تدخل ضمن حسابات الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وذلك لانها جرائم تتميز بالسرية وتتم في الخفاء ، وبالتالي يصعب رصدها وقياسها ، ومن ثم السرد الجانب النظري للنمو الاقتصادي والدراسات السابقة ، واخيرا يتم التطرق الى الجانب التطبيقي (الانموذج القياسي) ومن خلال معدلات النمو لمتغيرات الانموذج ، وتم اختيار المتغير المعتمد (النمو الاقتصادي ) لمعرفة مدى الضرر التي يلحق بالموارد الاقتصادية والنمو الاقتصادي ، و المتغير المستقل الجرائم الاقتصادي (الاتجار بالمخدرات غير المشروعة، والاتجار بالبشر ، وغسيل الاموال) وهي تعتبر هدر للموارد الاقتصادية المتاحة النادرة ، وبأفتراض ان العلاقة عكسية بين المتغير المعتمد والمتغير المسقل ، عينة الدراسة (دولة المكسيك) وللفترة المحدودة (2020-2000) والاعتماد على بيانات المنشورة في (W.B.)(DATAUNODC) (FATF) (UIF)، وقد توصلت الدراسة مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها : غياب تعريف موحد للجرائم الاقتصادية ، لخصائصه العديدة وظهور

This study aimed to identify the Role of learning bridges program in linking knowledge to life from science teacher's perspective in Jerash governorate. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study used the descriptive quantitative analytical approach, the sample of study consisted from (175) female and male Science teacher, and a questionnaire for data collection; it consisted of (30) statements. The results indicated that the Role of learning bridges program in linking knowledge to life from science teacher's perspective in Jerash governorate was High with average (4.05 out of 5), and it had apossitive effect in linking knowledge to life, the result also showed there were no statistical significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the variable of teacher sex. According to the result the study recommended the need to pay attention to life skills and the procedures and methods of teaching them.

Purpose:Optic neuropathy is a rare, delayed complication after radiation with no universally accepted treatment modality. We report the outcomes of 6 patients with radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) who were treated with systemic bevacizumab. Methods: This is a retrospective series of 6 cases of RION, treated with intravenous (IV) bevacizumab. “Improved” or “worse” visual outcomes were defined as a change in best corrected visual acuity of ≥3 Snellen lines. Otherwise, the visual outcome was noted as “stable”. Results: In our series, RION was diagnosed 8 to 36 months after radiotherapy. IV bevacizumab was initiated as treatment within 6 weeks of the onset of visual symptoms in 3 cases and after 3 months in the other cases. Although no improvement in visual function was observed, stabilization of vision was noted in 4 of the 6 cases. In the other 2 cases, the level of vision declined from counting fingers to no light perception. In 2 cases, bevacizumab treatment was discontinued prior to completion of the planned course due to renal stone formation or worsening of renal disease. One patient developed ischemic stroke 4 months after bevacizumab completion. Conclusion: Systemic bevacizumab may stabilize vision in some patients with RION; however, the risks and potential benefits of using IV bevacizumab should be considered in each individual case.

This paper aims at presenting the specifics of designing oral presentations as an alternative assessment for elementary students in Kurdistan. Being non-native speakers of English, oral proficiency is an increasingly significant aspect of language teaching among young Kurdish learners. Thus, the purpose of oral presentation in the ‘Family Tree’ task is to build students’ confidence in speaking a foreign language (English language) among young non-native speakers in a creative and comfortable learning environment. It also increases communication among students and the teacher by encouraging students to easily share what they have learned in class. However, previous research has criticized oral examinations for lack of reliability and validity. Consequently, the current research seeks to design a reliable and valid alternative assessment by incorporating the Family Tree task into an oral presentation. To measure students’ oral communication skills, a “Task-Specific” scoring rubric was designed to evaluate students’ performances with four essential dimensions; (1) Vocabulary, (2) Pronunciation, (3) Task, and (4) Fluency. Data were obtained from two elementary classes of a public school located in Dohuk in Kurdistan among 13 boys and 14 girls. The student consists of fourth and fifth-grade students within the range of 9 to 10 years old. The result shows that assessing students using the oral presentation as an alternative assessment escalates students’ confidence and motivation to speak publicly as the examination setting becomes less threatening and that oral presentation using a rubric allows detailed identification of students’ areas of improvement for elementary school students.

Purpose - This research aims to explore the emotional experiences of online learning among high school students during the pandemic period. Underlying issues that led to the development of the emotions, coping mechanisms, and support received were also looked into in the study. Methodology - This qualitative study employed a case study method, involving semi-structured interviews. By using Purposive Sampling, 12 high-school students were selected and interviewed on topics related to i) their emotional experiences in online learning; ii) the strategies they used to deal with their emotions, and iii) the type of support thatthey received throughout their online learning experiences. Thematic Analysis and In-vivo Coding were used to interpret the data and generate suitable themes and sub-themes for the study. Findings - Findings show that students experienced a variety of emotions of unhappiness, happiness, discomfort, frustration, anger, stress, annoyance, exhaustion, shyness, and the feeling of being distracted during the time of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data also show that students coped with their emotions through interaction with others, taking a breather, keeping to themselves, managing the interruptions, and also maintaining focus. When it came to the support received, family support, peer support, financial support, and educational support were the sub-themes that emerged. Significance - The results of this study contribute to the understanding of high school students’ feelings towards online learning and see how they are coping with it during the Covid-19 pandemic.

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى تحقيق أثر الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر في الأداء المالي للشركات متعددة الجنسيات خلال مدة الدراسة، وتم تطبيق مجموعة من المؤشرات والنسب المالية لتحليل البيانات التاريخية للشركات الاجنبية عينة الدراسة للمدة من (2009-2018)، فضلاً عن تطبيق عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية لتحليل العلاقة بين متغيرات الدراسة. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات، أهمها هي: تنصب أغلب استثمارات الشركات عينة الدراسة في فرع إقليم كوردستان العراق، وتعد ذلك اهتمام هذه الشركات الاجنبية باقتصاد الإقليم، وهذه دلالة على مدى اعتماد الشركات الرئيسة على فرع الإقليم، كما وتبين من التحليل المالي للدراسة أن فرع الإقليم له تأثير كبير على أداء الشركة الرئيس. واعتماداً على ما توصلت إليه الدراسة من الاستنتاجات؛ تم تقديم مجموعة من المقترحات منها: دراسة عدة بدائل مختلفة من اجل اختيار البديل الأفضل والاستفادة أكثر من الاستثمار.

أصبحت الريادة محورا لاهتمام الباحثين في الفكر الإداري كونها من المتطلبات الضرورية للتميز والمنافسه في المنظمات المعاصرة وذلك بجانب ما تمتلكه من قدرات إبداعية تساعدها في تحسين أدائها ، إذ أن امتلاك الخصائص الريادية من قبل المديرين يسهم في إدخال الأفكار الجديدة من مختلف مصادرها إلى التنظيم، كما أنها تمكن المدريرون من أداء الأعمال بطرائق مميزة ومبتكرة مما يساعدهم على فهم محيطهم والتعامل بإيجابية عالية مع متغيراته وصولاً إلى الأهد اف التي تبغيها المنظمة. ويحاول البحث التعرف على دور الخصائص الريادية للمديرين في مجموعة الشركات الصناعية " المتواجدة في قضاء زاخو والتي تؤسس بموجبها العلاقات التنظيمية وصولاً إلى التفوق والتميز على الشركات المنافسة. و يتناول هذا البحث موضيعه في ثلاث جوانب : الاول الجانب المنهجي ، والثاني الجانب النظري، والثالث : الجانب التطبيقي اذ نستعرض في المنهجية مشكله البحث وأهميته وأهدافه وفرضياته بينما في الجانب الثاني النظري يتناول طبيعة الريادة، مفهوم الريادة ، أهمية الريادة،خصائص الريادة ، متطلبات الريادة ومعوقاتها.في حين ركز الجانب الثالث التطبيقي على تشخيص مستويات تولفر الخصائص الريادية في مجموعة الشركات في قضاء زاخو. واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات من الأفراد المبحوثين، بلغ عدد أفراد العينة ( 34) مديراً في الشركات المبحوثة، وباستخدام العديد من الأساليب الإحصائية جرى اختبار فرضيات البحث الرئيسية والفرعية.وخلص البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات و المقترحات التي يراها الباحثين مناسبة لتطوير الخصائص الريادية لدى المديرين في مجموعة الشركات المبحوثة في قضاء زاخو.

Background: The transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is complex and multifactorial. We aimed to identify the risk factors for infection among the household contacts of index patients and to determine the incubation period, serial interval, and estimates of secondary infection rate. Methods: We conducted a study in three districts of Kerala among the inhabitants of households of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients between January and July 2021. COVID-19-positive patients and corresponding contacts were enrolled and followed up for 28 days to determine RT-PCR positivity and the presence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 from the date of enrolment. Results: The mean incubation period, serial interval, and generation time were 1.6, 3, and 3.9 days, respectively. The secondary infection rate was 43.0%. Individuals who worked outside the home were protected, whereas those who had kissed the COVID-19-positive patients during illness were more than twice at risk of infection than those who had not kissed the COVID-19-positive patients. Similarly, the contacts who had shared a toilet with the COVID-19-positive patients were more at risk than those who had not shared a toilet. However, the contacts who reported using masks were at a higher risk of infection in household settings. Conclusions Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in household settings is important, considering its high secondary infection rate. Close physical contact and toilet sharing increase the risk of infection. This study demonstrates shorter incubation period and serial interval.

Following the rig-based well testing stage, completion programs of high-pressure wells in North Kuwait call for well killing with heavy oil-based mud (OBM). The workover rig is then demobilized, and production flowlines are installed. Well activation plans are carried out riglessly, and coiled tubing (CT) is instrumental to bringing the wells back to sustainable production. One of the major drawbacks from this practice is the formation damage generated by the OBM, which often requires additional interventions for remediation. To address this limitation, a new approach leveraging instrumented CT for temporary well suspension was recently implemented. Real-time downhole telemetry is enabled by an optical line installed in the CT pipe and used to accurately set a through-tubing inflatable packer (TTIP). Once the latter is anchored at the planned depth, above the interval open to the formation, CT is disconnected from the packer assembly, and the fishing neck is protected with a sand plug. CT is then retrieved to surface, and a slickline dump bailer is run to spot cement on top of the sand plug. Once the cement has set, CT is run to displace the wellbore to kill fluid. Two pilot wells were selected to implement this new approach for temporary well suspension. Both wells had a maximum potential wellhead pressure in the order of 7,400 psi, and 15.0-ppg OBM was originally planned for well suspension purposes. Upon completion of the zonal testing program - which included initial stimulation, well activation, and flowback - instrumented CT was run with high- pressure rotary jetting to condition the TTIP setting depth and displace the wellbore with brine, after which, a shut-in wellhead pressure near 2,000 psi was observed. In the next CT run, TTIP was set close to the end of the production tubing, and critical stages, such as depth correlation, packer inflation, and packer anchoring testing were closely controlled via real-time downhole measurements. Additional verification of the TTIP effective seal was carried out before the CT was disconnected from the packer assembly through an inflow test relying on live downhole pressure monitoring. Once the TTIP released, the temporary suspension was completed following the methodology described above. Finally, the wells were observed at surface with zero pressure for more than 24 hours, receiving acceptance from the operator. This alternative approach for temporary well suspension represents an innovative solution to bring wells back into production without additional restimulation or well activation. This methodology greatly relies on CT real-time downhole telemetry, and operators from the Middle East can benefit from the experience gained in this project.

Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. (W. adpressa) is a wild medicinal plant in the family Solanaceae, which is used as an alternative medicine. The present study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial potentials of polyphenol-rich fraction from the leaves of W. adpressa. Polyphenol-rich fraction was characterized by use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant potency was determined by use of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Antibacterial activity was assessed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by use of disc diffusion and microdilution assays. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC showed four compounds in the polyphenol-rich fraction including 1-O-Caffeoyl glucose, Luteolin-7-diglucuronide, Apigenin-O-pentoside, and Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Polyphenol-rich fraction exhibited important antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, with IC50 and EC50 values of 14.27 ± 0.43 and 39.48 ± 0.81 µg/mL, respectively, while butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Quercetin exhibited IC50 values of 28.92 ± 0.24 and 22.48 ± 0.54 µg/mL. Results of TAC showed that the polyphenol-rich fraction scored 781.74 ± 2.83 µg AAE/mg. Polyphenol-rich fraction showed an important antibacterial effect vs gram-positive and gram-negative strains recording inhibition zone diameters varying from 19.5 to 29.2 mm, while antibiotics were almost ineffective toward all strains except for E. coli. It can be concluded that W. adpressa polyphenol-rich fraction possesses promising phenols with strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which may help fight pathogenic bacteria and free radicals.

Background The breast is affected by a variety of benign disorders with a wide range of imaging and histopathological characteristics. Epidemiological investigations indicate that more than 50% of women will have one of the benign breast disorders beyond the age of 20 years. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate females with benign breast disorders attending the breast clinic in Duhok city by the triple assessment method. Patients and methods This is a prospective study conducted in Duhok Breast Clinic at Azadi Teaching Hospital from May 2017 to July 2018 which included 445 female patients with benign breast diseases. The patients were assessed by the triple assessment method (clinical examination, imaging and histopathological evaluation), females from all age groups were included. Patients with malignant disease and male patients were excluded from the study. Results The mean age of the patients was 34.65 years; breast pain was reported in 403 patients 73 patients presented with breast lump or lumps, 42 patients presented with nipple discharge, 36 patients were presented with nipple retraction. From these the total number of the patients 55 of them were reassured and no further work up was done, 235 sent for ultrasound examination,36 sent for mammography, 22 sent for both ultrasound and mammography and 4 patients were sent for MRI of the breast. Excisional biopsy done for 37 patients, FNAC in 28 patients, tru cut biopsy in 10 patients and cytological examination for the fluid discharge in 18 patients. Mastalgia was the commonest disorder seen in 376 patients, Ductectasia in 60 cases, Fibrocystic disease in 36cases, fibroadenoma in 33cases, breast cysts in 28 cases. Conclusions Benign breast diseases is a common problem in women, in this study mastalgia is the commonest followed by benign and inflammatory lesions. The use of the triple assessment to approach breast pathologies increase the diagnostic yield. Surgeons evaluating breast pain should have more rational criteria in using further sophisticated, expensive and invasive tests.

Obesity is a global epidemic that threatens to deplete health-care resources by increasing the prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer. Obesity is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, affecting both adults and children. Obesity has two effects: an increase in the bulk of adipose tissue and an increase in pathogenetic product release by larger fat cells. This view of obesity as a disease allows for a straightforward distinction between the negative effects of obesity caused by fat bulk and those caused by fat cell metabolic effects. Obesity stigma causes social difficulties, sleep apnea is caused in part by increased parapharyngeal fat deposits, and osteoarthritis is caused by the wear and tear on joints caused by carrying an enlarged quantity of fat fall under the first category. A wide range of policy issues could have an impact on food ecosystems. Fiscal food policies, obligatory nutrition panels on the formulation and reformulation of manufactured foods, food and nutrition labelling implementation, and limiting marketing and advertising prohibitions on unhealthy foods are among these topics. In this review, we overview current evidences on health consequences of obesity.

PurposeMany factors contribute to public rail transit use in an urban network. However, a dysfunctional relationship between the built environment and the transport system significantly deters such use. Architects, urban designers, town planners and policymakers must understand the factors that promote or deter pedestrian use of the urban environment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates four connectivity and walkability factors for three different metro stations in Doha, Qatar: Al Aziziyah, Hamad Hospital and West Bay. The analysis includes pedestrian sheds, block sizes, ground-level land uses and connectedness in the urban spatial network based on catchment contour maps using space syntax.FindingsThe results indicate the three metro stations and neighborhoods are representative of diverse type of neighborhoods in Doha: relatively compact but expansive for the Hamad Hospital Station area, metrically and topologically restrictive due to the poor planning and the peninsular location of the reclaimed land in the West Bay area, and expansive, shallow and reliant on attraction for the Al Waab transportation corridor associated with Al Aziziyah Station.Research limitations/implicationsTime factors and temporary closure/capacity reductions due to the global pandemic restricted planned efforts to collect more pedestrian use data based on passive observations and preference choices using surveys during the study. Nonetheless, adapting the investigation to the circumstances produced significant findings.Social implicationsThe analysis can help us develop better guidelines and diagnostic tools to calibrate design and planning strategies promoting more walkable, healthy and sustainable neighborhoods.Originality/valueThe study is original due to examining stations of the new Doha Metro for the first time. However, it relies on well-established representational techniques in urban morphology and space syntax research.

Background Pediatric expiratory central airway collapse poses diagnostic challenge due to non-specific clinical presentation with further investigations needed for definite diagnosis. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 320-row multidetector free-breathing cine CT in diagnosis of pediatric expiratory central airway collapse utilizing its advantageous wide z-axis coverage. End-inspiratory and end-expiratory measurement of cross-sectional area at certain points of airway was done to calculate the percentage of expiratory central airway collapse. Flexible bronchoscopy was done thereafter as a gold standard technique for comparison. Results Among the thirty-eight pediatric patients (20 males and 18 females) enrolled in this study, free-breathing cine CT correctly diagnosed expiratory central airway collapse in 32 patients with a sensitivity of 84.2%. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the results of bronchoscopy and free-breathing cine CT as regard the site, morphology and severity of airway collapse. Conclusions 320-row multidetector free-breathing cine CT is still considered an effective noninvasive imaging modality in diagnosis of expiratory central airway collapse in pediatric population, despite the differences in perceived morphology and severity when compared to flexible bronchoscopy.

This study aims to review the current literature regarding the association between suicide risk in patients aged 65 years or over with dementia residing in long-term care facilities (LTCs). We also evaluate the most common methods of suicide and protective versus risk factors of nursing home (NH) life on suicide behavior in patients with dementia. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the relevant free full-text articles found in PubMed, Pub Psych, Cochrane library, and Science Direct up until April 4, 2022. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords (nursing home, long-term care facility, suicide, self-injurious behavior, dementia), were used to search for full-text randomized clinical trials (RCTs), cross-sectional, case-control, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and studies published in the English language in the last 12 years, focused on human subjects 65 years and older were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The search yielded 57,909 articles, of which 12 studies met our inclusion criteria. The articles were subjected to quality appraisal by two reviewers. We used the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS) for quality assessment with a mean score of six for 12 observational studies used in this paper. Of the included reports, six were cross-sectional, five were cohort, and one was case-control. Four articles carefully examine the relationship between dementia and suicide, and all confirm the hypothesis that staying in LTCs reduces the risk of suicide in patients with dementia. However, the rest of the articles generally determine a higher risk of suicide in demented patients and describe male gender, non-Hispanic white race, younger age, newly diagnosed with dementia within one-year, mild dementia, comorbidities, depression, previous history of suicidal behavior, low social support and unstable family relationship as the risk factors of suicide in this population. In comparison, extended stay in NHs and other kinds of LTCs, severe dementia with impaired insight, older age, comorbid schizophrenia, physical disability with limitation and more difficulty preparing and executing a suicide plan, positive and robust social relationships, access to professional caregivers and high frequency of visits from relatives marked as the protective factors. Existing research on suicide risk in long-term care facility residents with dementia is limited. However, due to the increase in dementia rates that require people to reside in NHs and on the other hand, considering the multiple risk factors of suicide in the elderly living in such places, the need for a screening system for identifying people at suicide risk and performing preventive therapeutic and behavioral interventions is well felt.

This paper aims to dispel the confusion of students related to the knowledge of Rasm and Dhabt al-Quran among students of the Institute of Teacher Education, Sultan Mizan Campus.The confusion arises when they are unable to distinguish between the two disciplines of the Qur'an, namely, writing (rasm) and punctuation (dhabt). This paper solely focuses on the principle of al-hazf, which is one of the five principles in the method of Rasm Uthmani as agreed upon by scholars today. The sample of this study was selected based on the principle of purposive sampling, that is, a sample that is believed to be able to answer the research questions well. The results show that there is no difference in terms of writing in the two mashafs because each was written in accordance with the principles and methods of Rasm Uthmani. However, it is noted that there are differences in terms of punctuation in the two mashafs. The punctuation differences were employed to meet the needs of the readership where the Quran was printed and according to current development then. Tulisan ini bermatlamat merungkai kekeliruan para pelajar berkaitan ilmu Rasm dan Dhabt al-Quran dalam kalangan pelajar Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Sultan Mizan. Kekeliruan tersebut timbul apabila mereka tidak dapat membezakan di antara dua disiplin ilmu al-Quran iaitu, tulisan (rasm) dan tanda bacaan (dhabt). Tulisan ini hanya memfokuskan kepada prinsip al-hazf, iaitu salah satu daripada lima prinsip dalam kaedah Rasm Uthmani sebagaimana yang disepakati oleh ulama pada masa kini. Sampel kajian ini dipilih berdasarkan prinsip pensampelan bertujuan, iaitu sampel yang diyakini boleh menjawab persoalan kajian ini dengan baik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan dari segi tulisan dalam kedua-dua mashaf kerana masing-masing ditulis menepati prinsip dan kaedah Rasm Uthmani. Manakala terdapat perbezaan dari segi tanda baca di dalam kedua-dua mashaf. Perbezaan tanda baca berkenaan dilakukan bagi memenuhi keperluan masyarakat pembaca di tempat al-Quran itu dicetak dan mengikut perkembangan semasa.

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على العملات المشفرة وانواعها وخصائصها ومدى إدراك المتعاملين بتبادل العملات في الإقليم بالعملات المشفرة من خلال دراسة أستطلاعية لآراء عينة من المدراء واصحاب الشركات / مكاتب Forex وتبادل العملات في اقليم كوردستان العراق من خلال تصميم أستمارة أستبانة والتي تضمنت عدداً من العبارات الأساسية للدراسة وتمت الإجابة عنها جميعها، حيث تم إجراء مسح أولي (Pilot Test) لـ (30 شركة/مكتب) تبادل العملات في مدينة دهوك فقط من أجل معرفة مدى ملائمة الأستبانة وفقراتها لموضوع الدراسة. ثم تم التوزيع على عينة اشمل وتضمنت شركات/ مكاتب والبالغة عددها (160) الشركات/مكاتب في المحافظات الثلاث (دهوك، اربيل، سليمانية).ومن أهم الاستنتاجات التي توصلت اليها أن نسبة (83.1%) من الأفراد المبحوثين للأقليم ليس لديهم اي معرفة مالية بآلية العمل بالعملات المشفرة وانواعها وكيفية أستخدامها وطريقة تداولها مقابل (16.9) لديهم معرفة مالية بالعملات المشفرة ، تبين من نتائج التحليل نسبة (100%) عدم تداول العملات المشفرة من الشركات والمكاتب للعينة المبحوثة سواءاً كانت طريقة التداول المباشرة او تداول غير مباشر . وفي ضوء تلك الاستنتاجات وضعت الدراسة عدداً من المقترحات ومن أهمها: توصية منظمات الأعمال وخاصة الشركات تبادل العملات بمتابعة تداول العملات المشفرة وأصدار النشرات التوعوية بشكل مستمر لمستخدميها لمساعدتهم في أستخدامها بشكل صحيح وآمن وبعيد عن المخاطر من اجل حمايتهم من النصب والأحتيال وتشجيع تطبيق تداول العملات المشفرة لتقليل المخاطر المتعلقة بالعائد على المحافظة الاستثمارية.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the economic, political or sociocultural determinants of corruption in Tunisia. Design/methodology/approach To better understand the main determinants of corruption in Tunisia. This study uses The Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) model, which allows us to include a large number of explanatory variables and for a shorter period. Findings The results show that economic freedom is the most important variable of corruption in Tunisia. In second place comes the subsidies granted by the government, which is one of the best shelters of corruption in Tunisia through their use for purposes different from those already allocated to them. Third, this paper finds the high unemployment rate, which, in turn, is getting worse even nowadays. The other three factors considered as causal but of lesser importance are public expenditures, the human development index (HDI) and education. Education, the HDI and the unemployment rate are all socio-economic factors that promote corruption. Originality/value The realization of this study will lead to triple net contributions. The first is to introduce explicitly and simultaneously political, social and economic determinants of corruption in developing countries. Second, unlike previous studies based on the simple and generalized regression model, the present research uses another novel and highly developed estimation method. More precisely, this study uses the BMA model, on the set of annual data for a period of 1998–2018. The third contribution of this research resides in the choice of the sample.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease with varying clinical manifestations. Recent studies have proposed that leptin may be related to SLE development. This study aims to assess current information regarding the relationship between leptin and SLE. A systematic search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies published in the English language in the last 10 years were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool. A total of 12 studies were included in this systematic review. These included systematic reviews/meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies

Study aim: This study aims to assess primary care physicians’ utilization of type 2 diabetes screening guidelines and referrals to behavioural interventions in Al-Jouf, KSA. Methods: This study adopted a retrospective longitudinal survey-based study design. In this study, the setting is primary health care setting in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. We included primary healthcare physicians. A pre-designed questionnaire was used for data collection and data was managed and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The study included 395 physician whose age ranged from 25 to 58 years. Of all, 39% of physicians prefer using HbA1C and fasting blood glucose for screening pre-diabetes. The majority (80.3%) of physicians’ screening decisions are influenced by the screening guidelines. ADA (46.3%), and both USPSTF and ADA (46.6%) were the physicians’ most common preferences for diabetes screening. Nearly half of respondents (50.9%) use screening guidelines in 70-90% of their diabetes screening encounters. However, 39% and 37.7% reported utilizing USPSTF and ADA screening guidelines in 70-90% of their encounters, respectively. Conclusion: Our study shows that the majority of primary healthcare physicians are adherent to the diabetes screening guidelines in their practice. However, older doctors, males, those working in rural areas and those receiving highest and lowest number of visits per week require further awareness in order to increase their adherence to diabetes screening guidelines.

In brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), there is mismatched communication between arteries and veins, causing a nidal bed between them. This systematic review explores whether a magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) can be used as a diagnostic imaging tool instead of a digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). Utilizing PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for article selection, a literature search was conducted over the past five years. Eleven studies were included, with a majority of the articles suggesting a potential for consideration. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) versus time-of-flight (TOF) scans was a comparison study, in addition to the study on pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pc-ASL), which proved its high sensitivity in comparison with DSA scans. Other studies included quantitative magnetic resonance angiogram (Q-MRA) measuring the blood flow and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) modality. Although promising, digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) scans have diagnostic superiority. In addition, articles discussed follow-up magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) scans after surgery. Overall, digital subtraction angiogram remains the gold standard due to its superior spatial resolution and hemodynamic properties; these are the key limitations of magnetic resonance studies. MRA has demonstrated its ability to reproduce high-quality diagnostic images for arteriovenous malformation (AVM) angioarchitecture; however, coupled with their limitations, not many studies with large sample sizes over longer periods have been conducted, and we urge more research into it.

Adenomyosis is a disease related to the presence of endometrial glands and stromal cells within the uterine myometrium that used to be linked to females that are more than 40 years old and multiparous. Nowadays, females are delaying their pregnancies to their third or fourth decade, and as diagnostic approaches evolve, the disease has become a common problem for females who desire pregnancy. The aim of this study is to identify the physio-pathological factors by which adenomyosis causes infertility and pregnancy complications, as well as the possible results from infertility treatments and the most common pregnancy complications that females with adenomyosis face. A systematic review based on a systematic search from PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases from the past five years was done. Papers with free full text available were subject to the removal of duplicates, screening for relevant titles and abstracts, and a quality assessment to identify the risk of bias (RoB). A total of 10 papers were selected for this study; they include systematic reviews and meta-analyses, cohorts, literature review, and a case-control study. After the review of the data, we conclude that infertility may be due to several factors that impair adequate sperm mobility through the uterus and an impaired implantation of a product. After some fertility treatments were performed, females with adenomyosis had a lower rate of clinical pregnancy. The pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery and hypertension problems related to pregnancy had an increased risk for females with adenomyosis, while for others such as intrauterine fetal death and gestational diabetes, the information is still controversial. The main limitation of this study was the lack of information of physio-pathological-related information probably due to only including data from the past five years.

Highlights • The incidence of teratomas is approximately 1/40,000 live births. • Histologically, they are heterogeneous with mixed cystic, solid, mature, and immature components. • Most head and neck teratomas are small and amenable to curative surgical resection. • Neck teratomas are usually misdiagnosed initially., Background Teratomas arise from primordial germ cells which arrest during its migration from the hindgut allantois the gonads during the first weeks of gestational life, they may occur in both gonadal and extra-gonadal locations. They occur in 1/40,000 live births. The most common anatomical locations are the sacro-coccygeal region and the ovary, neck teratomas constituted about 1.5%. Malignant transformation has been reported. Case presentation A 2-year-old boy presented with a gradually enlarging mass in the left side of the neck causing stridor and difficulties in respiration especially during sleep, the parents noticed difficulties during swallowing. The mass was misdiagnosed as cystic hygroma and the patient underwent 2 sessions of sclerotherapy with no improvement. Clinical examination showed a large mass in the left side of the neck which was multilobulated causing tracheal shift to the opposite side. There were no signs of inflammations over the mass. CT-scan showed evidence of enhancing multi-cystic lesion with multiple flecks of calcification. Complete surgical resection was done successfully and the histopathological study of the mass showed mature elements of ectodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal germinal layers which was consistent with mature cystic teratoma. The follow up showed no postoperative complications. Conclusion Mature cystic teratoma of the neck is very rare and may be difficult to be differentiated both clinically and radiologically from other neck masses. The accurate diagnosis must be made before any kind of treatment is started. Complete surgical resection is the main management option and required to decrease the recurrence.

Length-of-stay is an important quality measure for emergency departments. The study aimed to find predictors for prolonged LOS in children. A cross sectional study was conducted from Jan 2017 to Mar 2018. Data were extracted from medical records of 5609 pediatric patients admitted to the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital-ED, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Median LOS of the children was 74 mins. Multivariable analysis showed the difference in the expected LOS between patients DAMA and their non-DAMA counterparts was 72 mins. Difference in the expected LOS between patients at emergent and non-urgent triage was 89 mins, between urgent and non-urgent triage was 51 mins and difference between less urgent and non-urgent triage was 16 mins. Future studies should explore the contributing managerial and clinical factors that can explain such associations and might be the focus for future policy changes to reduce LOS in ED pediatric settings in Saudi Arabia.

This study aimed to design of electronic curriculum for educational evaluation in the light of Quality Matters standards and measuring effectiveness in develop electronic evaluation skills for (42) students female from students of education college in King Saud University and it's an experimental study group apply to them :(Cognitive test for electronic evaluation skills for educational evaluation curriculum and three card for notice skills sides for electronic evaluation skills). After proceed the statistical treatments, the study results showed the following: There is a statistically function difference at the level (α >01) between the average scores of the study sample in after and before application for the collective test for cognitive side foe electronic evaluation skills for educational evaluation curriculum for education college students in King Saud University for the benefit of before application scores average. There is a statistically function difference at the level (α >01) between the average scores of the study sample in after and before application for all main skills and total score for performance side notice cards (Electronic tests, Electronic questionnaire, Electronic achievement file) for electronic evaluation skills for educational evaluation curriculum for education college students in King Saud University for the benefit of before application scores average. Suggested design efficiency for educational evaluation curriculum in the light of Quality Matters standards for education college students in King Saud University in electronic evaluation skills development. Recommendations: Design education college curriculum in the light of Quality Matters standards. Training faculty members on design electronic curriculums in the light of Quality Matters standards. Interesting in electronic evaluation skills development for students' teachers in all education colleges. Benefit from the curriculum to training teachers during the service on electronic evaluation skills. Suggestions: Study the attitudes of faculty members and students about the suggested curriculum and barrier of it's application. Design an educational environment in the light of Quality Matters standards to develop electronic evaluation skills for secondary school level teachers.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction has a negative impact on coronary artery diseases (CAD) through several changes in its risk factors like dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and components of metabolic syndrome. Parental history of premature CAD may be an important risk factor for their offspring. Objective To investigate whether overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of atherosclerosis are present in adults with parental history of CAD. Materials and methods This case control study included 135 hypothyroid patients and 100 age-sex matched controls. Data were analyzed regarding CAD risk factors, hormonal and biochemical measures including retinol Binding Protein-4, fasting serum insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipid profile, fasting serum glucose, and serum malondialdehyde. Results Parental history of CAD was significantly higher in overt hypothyroidism than subclinical group (P = 0.001). The level of RBP-4 in hypothyroid patients was significantly higher than euthyroid subjects (P = 0.03), and was higher in hypothyroid patients with positive parental history of CAD (p = 0.01). There were positive relationships between RBP-4 and related cardiovascular risk factors and with hypothyroidism, its sensitivity and specificity were 47.9% and 42.5% respectively. The positive predictive value was 60.8% and the negative predictive value was 30.4%. Hypothyroid patients with parental history of CAD had a risk of 3.7 times more than the euthyroid subjects. Conclusions In hypothyroidism patients, parental history of CAD is a predictor of future coronary events and the related risk factors. RBP-4 is positively correlated with waist circumference, BMI, lipid profile, High-sensitivity CRP, MDA, fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMA indices and TSH., Highlights • Thyroid dysfunction has a negative impact on coronary artery diseases. • Parental history of premature CAD may be an important risk factor for their offspring. • RBP-4 have been analyzed and shown to impair insulin sensitivity.

Introduction Numerous preoperative scoring systems predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Recently, the intraoperative difficulties which are facing surgeons are studied. A new scoring system categorize patients according to many intraoperative findings with a final outcome whether converting to open cholecystectomy or continuing laparoscopically. Patients and methods This prospective study included 120 patients admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones from October 2019 to August 2020. Intraoperative difficulties were evaluated and patients were categorized according to intraoperative scoring for cholecystitis severity and compared depending to the rate of conversion to the open technique. Results Most patient were middle aged females having multiple gallstones, the mean operation time was 35 min and 7.8% of patients were converted to open cholecystectomy because of intraoperative difficulty. There was a significant correlation between the conversion rate and each of distended and/or contracted gall bladder, inability to grasp the gall bladder with traumatic forceps, stone ≥1 cm impacted in Hartman's pouch, and bile or pus outside gallbladder (P values: 0.002, 0.000, 0.008 and 0.015) respectively, and no significant correlation with gallbladder adhesions, adhesions from previous upper abdominal surgery, BMI>30, and Time to identify cystic artery and duct >90 min (P values: 0.123, 1, 1, 0.078) respectively. Conclusion New intraoperative scoring systems are valuable in predicting difficulties and preventing increase operation time and possible injuries. The main points of difficulties are distended or contracted gallbladder, large stone impaction, difficult grasping the wall of the gall bladder and the presence of bile or pus outside the gall bladder., Highlights • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure with some difficulties. • The definition of difficult LC is not well established until now. • Recently intraoperative difficulties facing the surgeons are studied. • Inflammation, adhesions, and obesity are some factors for difficulty.