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This chapter investigates the reliability of performance factors for evaluating electronic health information systems. The chapter posits that assessing information system functions performance like electronic health information systems (EHIS) has been an issue for information systems executives who continue to seek evidence for returns on information technology investments. Apparently, there is no fit-it-all standard performance evaluation approach designed for evaluating EHIS because choosing between indicators is dependent on values and objectives that informed the evaluation. In this chapter, different approaches for information systems performance evaluation and EHIS evaluation were assessed to establish factors that should be incorporated in performance evaluation. Findings reveal that net benefits, quality of system, quality of information, system use, quality of service, organisational factors, personnel factors, user satisfaction can be used as the measurements of the resilience of EHIS.

Population growth, urbanization and industrialization are increasing the amounts of solid waste generated in municipalities globally. Municipal solid management (MSWM) is complex and requires active and broader stakeholder participation to achieve sustainable solutions. However, existing solutions to MSWM challenges lack public participation. Although public participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) may be used to solicit stakeholders’ views in planning for spatial environmental issues, there is a need to develop robust theoretical frameworks to guide their development and use. This study sought to extend the adaptive structuration theory-2 (EAST-2) to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for the use of PPGIS applications to ensure effective public participation and social inclusion in MSWM. Additional constructs as suggested in literature were added to the existing EAST-2 framework. Data were collected cross-sectionally from MSWM stakeholders in central-Uganda and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. In the revised framework, participant influences, technology influences and task influences influence GIS-enabled participatory decision-making processes. The revised framework could be used to guide GIS-enabled participatory processes in different environmental problems in similar resource-constrained settings.

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a global controversial environmental challenge globally. Participatory approaches in planning and decision making have been advanced as part of the strategies in order to attain sustainable waste management systems. However, achieving meaningful public participation for such systems is still a challenge. The need therefore remains to explore different ways in which public participation in MSWM can be enhanced. The use of Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) has a potential to increase public participation in MSWM. However, its use still face hurdles from the social, institutional and political aspects that limit “public participation”. This paper reports on a study that explores the social, political and institutional challenges affecting public participation in MSWM problem in Uganda. An exploratory study was conducted in Uganda’s central region with key stakeholders in MSWM. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis based on the Enhanced Adaptive Structuration Theory (EAST-2) framework. The results show that knowledge and awareness, participant attitudes, institutional practices, political will and legislation are important for successful MSWM participatory planning process.

Inspired by developed economies, many developing economies are adopting an enterprise architecture approach to e-government implementation in order to overcome challenges of e-government interoperability. However, when developing an enterprise architecture for a complex enterprise such as the e-government enterprise, there is need to rationally specify scope dimensions. Addressing this requires guidance from e-government maturity models that provide insights into phasing e-government implementations; and enterprise architecture approaches that provide general insight into key dimensions for scoping enterprise architecture efforts. Although such insights exist, there is hardly detailed guidance on scoping initiatives associated with developing an e-government enterprise architecture. Yet the success of such business-IT alignment initiatives is often affected by scope issues. Thus, this paper presents an intertwined procedure that draws insights from e-government maturity models and enterprise architecture frameworks to specify critical aspects in scoping e-government enterprise architecture development efforts. The procedure was validated using a field demo conducted in a Uganda public entity.

Lack of shared understanding among stakeholders is a commonly cited drawback in enterprise architecture development. Stakeholders need to have shared understanding of requirements and principles for an enterprise architecture, and the extent to which the resultant architecture addresses their concerns. However, existing approaches for enterprise architecture development lack adequate capabilities for managing aspects associated with creating shared understanding among stakeholders. Although such aspects can be largely managed by approaches for collaborative decision making and soft systems thinking, these approaches lack details on the enterprise architecture process and its products. Therefore, this paper explores ways of mutually diminishing these gaps through adopting situational method engineering, to guide the development of a situational method for enabling stakeholders to acquire shared understanding of requirements for an enterprise architecture. The situational method presented herein is a component of a broader method for supporting collaboration between stakeholders and architects during enterprise architecture creation. Although the latter was successfully evaluated in 6 enterprises, it exhibited highest performance scores in two enterprises after it was amended with the situational method. Therefore, this paper also presents key findings from evaluating the situational method in the two agencies that are located in Uganda.

The increased adoption of technology in government-driven processes and services over the years has led to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as mechanisms and platforms for citizens to access justice services and participate in the judicial process. In Uganda, there are current and ongoing efforts, through e-justice initiatives in the Justice, Law and Order Sector, to integrate case management information systems in criminal justice institutions as a means of improving worker productivity, facilitating information sharing, collaboration, better information access by the general public, citizen engagement and satisfaction with public services. The focus for this study was to devise a model that provides guidance on how to develop integrated information systems that are usable – by supporting improved human-driven legal processes, increased citizen engagement and facilitation of interaction between justice agencies and the general public. Based on the requirements for usable integrated information systems obtained from the review of literature and a survey, a model for guiding development of usable integrated case management information systems known as the Architecture-driven Usability Process Model (AdUPRO) was created.

E-government initiatives in developing countries still suffer from lack of interoperability, despite the existence of e-government interoperability frameworks in literature. For example, Uganda's e-government landscape is fragmented within and across agencies. To provide preliminary insights into addressing this, exploratory interviews were conducted to investigate why the e-government interoperability challenge prevails in Uganda, and findings were used with respect to existing literature to specify required strategic interventions. These strategic interventions point to the need for three intertwined capabilities, i.e., a regulatory and governance framework, a capacity building and sustainability framework, and an adaptation and customisation framework for e-government implementations. Therefore, the relevance of this paper is two-fold. First, to give insight into strategic interventions that developing economies (that share Uganda's context) can explore to address e-government interoperability. Second, to stimulate researchers in countries that have attained e-government interoperability to publish detailed technical guidelines on implementing the strategic interventions proposed herein.

Gartner advises that for enterprise architecture development to be successful, it is vital that enterprise architects ensure effective communication and also form virtual teams that create and agree on enterprise architecture content. One of the ways to achieve this is to enforce Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) during enterprise architecture creation. Guided by Design Science, we are developing a method referred to as Collaborative Evaluation of (Enterprise) Architecture Design Alternatives (CEADA) to enable CDM during enterprise architecture creation. The method attempts to resolve challenges in enterprise architecting that are caused by ineffective collaboration between enterprise architects and organizational stakeholders. Requirements for CEADA have been defined based on the causality analysis theory, the generic decision-making process, enterprise architecture frameworks (and literature), and the CDM theory. In addition, Collaboration Engineering has been used to design a collaboration process to address these requirements. Models describing the requirements and the design of the collaboration process, have been evaluated using the analytical, experimental, and observational methods. This paper discusses the implications of findings from these evaluations and presents the validated requirements for realizing CDM in enterprise architecture creation. Thus, this research generally attempts to strengthen enterprise architecting guidelines with collaborative activities, so as to enable effective execution of collaboration-dependent tasks.

Several challenges in enterprise architecture development indicate the need for collaborative decision making to be deployed during architecture creation However, how this should be achieved remains ad hoc This paper, therefore, presents an evolving theory that is currently being used to guide the development of a method for supporting collaborative decision making during enterprise architecture creation The first iteration to evaluate the relevance of the concepts in this theory was done using an exploratory survey, and the findings are briefly presented.

This chapter presents an explicit approach, that is both theory and practice driven, to support evaluation and collaboration activities when creating enterprise architecture. The approach will be applicable in addressing evaluation and collaboration related aspects in two primary phases of the Architecture Development Method (ADM) of The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). The phases of interest are preliminary phase (defining architecture principles) and phase A (creating architecture vision). These two phases involve activities where evaluation of alternatives and collaboration among key stakeholders and enterprise architects, are paramount. Based on theoretical insights, a collaboration process to facilitate the steps in the formulated approach has been developed. Both the approach and the process design for its realisation, have been evaluated by exposing them to practitioners. This was done using structured walkthoughs. Insights from these walkthrough sessions with experienced enterprise architects, were used to enrich the theoretical models. Generally this chapter aims at demonstrating how theoretical models, enriched with experiences from industry, can fill the currently existing lack of profound analysis of success factors for enterprise architecting. Note that this lack exists in both academia and industry.

Effective execution of collaborative tasks during enterprise architecture creation helps to increase stakeholders' involvement and awareness in the architecture effort. However, enterprise architecture approaches lack detailed support for collaborative tasks. In an effort to address this, an exploratory survey was conducted among enterprise architects to investigate issues associated with executing collaborative tasks during enterprise architecture creation. Accordingly, this paper discusses mainly three aspects. First, it discusses how issues that were reported in the survey can be addressed by adopting the design science research methodology to guide the development of a process or method that supports the execution of collaborative tasks in architecture creation. The developed process is principally rooted in collaboration engineering and soft systems methodology (SSM). Second, the paper discusses how the developed method can be used to supplement enterprise architecture approaches that are used in practice (e.g. TOGAF) with support for executing collaborative tasks. Third, the paper discusses key findings from evaluating the developed process in two real organizations.