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Impacts of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formations were quantified for sour cherry juice (SCJ). pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), a*, b*, chroma, and total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC) were not significantly affected by 0-0.0341 J/L. The initial total antioxidant capacity (TAC) significantly rose with all the PEF treatments but initial citric, malic, fumaric, oxalic, succinic (-)-epicatechin, ferrulic, gallic, luteolin, p-coumaric, and o-coumaric acids, Cy-3-sop, and Cy-3-glu did not significantly degrade with no formations of furfural and HMF. The best-fit regression models explained 60.1, 39.7, and 36.3% of variation in TAC, TMAC, and TSS, respectively. Frequency exerted a greater impact than did electric field strength (EFS) on TA, pH, TSS, total color difference (TCD), hue, chroma, TMAC, TAC, sinapic, oxalic, quinic and tartaric acids, Cy-3-glu-rut, and furfural formation. 350.9 mu s, 6.78 kV/cm, and 98 Hz were pointed as optimal settings.

The effects of different irrigation regimes on yield and quality and net profit of processing red pepper irrigated with drip and furrow irrigation systems under field conditions in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated over two years. The treatments for drip consist of full irrigation (DFI), deficit irrigation DDI-75, D-PRD-50, DF-PRD-50 and DDI-50, and for furrow: full irrigation (FFI), fixed alternative furrow (FAF-50) and PRD furrow (FPRD-50). FAF-50 and FPRD-50 received 50% of water applied to FFI. In FAF-50 the same furrows were irrigated while FPRD-50 was irrigated alternately. Irrigation methods and levels had a significant effect on total yield and some quality parameters of red pepper. Drip produced higher red pepper yields than furrow. The highest yield in the drip system was obtained from the DFI treatment followed by DDI-75, DDI-50 and DF-PRD-50 treatments. Although D-PRD-50, DF-PRD-50 and DDI-50 received the same amount of water, D-PRD-50 resulted in a higher yield. In furrow treatments, FFI resulted in the highest yield, followed by FPRD-50 and FAF-50. Water productivity (WP) decreased with increasing water quantity for both irrigation systems. Fruit weight, size and flesh thickness were higher in the DFI and FFI treatments. Full irrigation treatments (DFI and FFI) generated the highest net income. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

New irrigation technologies and commonly usedtraditional furrow irrigation methods were compared to drip irrigation in orderto increase color, total dry matter, total carotenoid and vitamin C ofprocessing red pepper widely grown in the Mediterranean part of Turkey. Thisresearch was carried out in 2010-2011 growing seasons at Tarsus in Turkey. Theexperimental treatments; Drip treatments consist of full irrigation (DI100),deficit irrigation DI75, DI50, DIPRD50, and DIFPRD50Alternative partial root drying (DIPRD50) and fixed partial rootdrying (DIFPRD50) received 50% of DI100. Irrigation wasapplied when 25% and 40% of the available water in the 60 cm soil profile wereconsumed in DI100 and FI100 treatments in drip and furrowsystems, respectively and soil water replenished to field capacity in DI100and FI100 treatments. In furrow irrigation, treatments consist offull irrigation (FI100), alternative furrow (FIA50) andPRD furrow (FIPRD50). FIA50 and FIPRD50received 50% of water applied to FI100. In FIA50 the samefurrows were irrigated while FIPRD50 irrigated alternately. Thehighest yields in drip and furrow systems were obtained from the DI100and FI100 treatments, respectively. In generally, DIFPRD50treatment was the highest a* value in drip irrigation system which means thatfruits had more red color. On the other hand, b* values (it represents yellowcolor because of positive values) decreased following the first picking. Ingenerally, the color parameters (a* and b*) of furrow irrigation treatments inthe different picking times was not statistically significant. Total carotenoidrates increased with following picking time both drip and furrow irrigationsystems and it is lower value under drip system than in the furrow system.Finally, results indicate that in drip irrigation DI100 treatment;and in furrow irrigation, FI100 treatment was recommended. Underwater scarcity conditions, DI75 and FIPRD50 treatmentscan be recommended.&nbsp