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Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Medical students should have adequate knowledge about STI as they will be dealing with patients in future. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude about STIs among medical students. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the 184 medical third year students of private medical colleges of Dhaka. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic information, knowledge of STIs and attitude towards it. The response format was based on a 3-point Likert scale. Frequency distribution was calculated for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and eighty-four students participated in this study of which 76 (41%) were males and 108 (59%) were females. All of the respondents had ever heard about STIs. Internet was the most frequently source of information for STIs. Most of the students had fair knowledge about the sign and symptoms, transmission, complication and prevention methods of STIs but there were also students who didn’t knew and had misconceptions. Attitude of the students towards STIs was variable. Conclusion: This study indicates the gaps in the knowledge of medical students about STIs. Further research should be performed to investigate the reason behind this gap. Moreover, additional emphasis on the knowledge of STIs and prevention should be implemented into the curriculums.

Background: Some men with severely defective sperm production commonly have excess aromatase activity, reflected by low serum testosterone and relatively elevated estradiol levels. Elevated levels of estrogen lead to feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic -pituitary-gonadal axis, and the end result is a decrease in LH necessary for the production of testosterone, and FSH to optimize sperm production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aromatase inhibitor, letrozole on the semen parameters of infertile male having oligozoospermia, low serum testosterone level and testosterone to estradiol ratio

The low weight and high spanning capacity of ETFE foil when compared to other translucent cladding materials has potential to reduce the weight of supporting structures and energy embodied in their construction. This paper compares the embodied energy in ETFE cushion panels of different shape, size and configuration, relates these to some built examples. The results are compared with the estimated embodied energy of some built examples of ETFE roofs and from other studies. Factors that influence these are reviewed.

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cancer type and leading cause of death. Unfortunately, current medical treatments are not sufficient due to lack of effective therapy, adverse side effects, chemoresistance and disease recurrence. In recent decades, epidemiologic observations have highlighted the association between the ingestion of several phytochemical-enriched foods and nutrients and the lower risk of CRC. According to preclinical studies, dietary phytochemicals exert chemopreventive effects on CRC by regulating different markers and signaling pathways; additionally, the gut microbiota plays a role as vital effector in CRC onset and progression, therefore, any dietary alterations in it may affect CRC occurrence. A high number of studies have displayed a key role of growth factors and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CRC. Indeed, the efficiency of dietary phytochemicals to modulate carcinogenic processes through the alteration of different molecular targets, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK (p38, JNK and Erk1/2), EGFR/Kras/Braf, TGF-β/Smad2/3, STAT1-STAT3, NF-кB, Nrf2 and cyclin-CDK complexes, has been proven, whereby many of these targets also represent the backbone of modern drug discovery programs. Furthermore, epigenetic analysis showed modified or reversed aberrant epigenetic changes exerted by dietary phytochemicals that led to possible CRC prevention or treatment. Therefore, our aim is to discuss the effects of some common dietary phytochemicals that might be useful in CRC as preventive or therapeutic agents. This review will provide new guidance for research, in order to identify the most studied phytochemicals, their occurrence in foods and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals for the prevention or treatment of CRC by targeting several genes and signaling pathways, as well as epigenetic modifications. In addition, the results obtained by recent investigations aimed at improving the production of these phytochemicals in genetically modified plants have been reported. Overall, clinical data on phytochemicals against CRC are still not sufficient and therefore the preventive impacts of dietary phytochemicals on CRC development deserve further research so as to provide additional insights for human prospective studies.