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We propose a new account of calibration according to which calibrating a technique shows that the technique does what it is supposed to do. To motivate our account, we examine an early 20th century debate about chlorophyll chemistry and Mikhail Tswett’s use of chromatographic adsorption analysis to study it. We argue that Tswett’s experiments established that his technique was reliable in the special case of chlorophyll without relying on either a theory or a standard calibration experiment. We suggest that Tswett broke the Experimenters’ Regress by appealing to material facts in the common ground for chemists at the time.

Introduction: Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by abnormal intracellular accumulation of glycogen byproducts. This disorder is linked to a deficiency in glycogen branching enzyme-1 (GBE-1). Neurologic manifestations include upper and lower motor neuron signs, dementia, and peripheral neuropathy. APBD is typically a progressive disease. In this report, we discuss a novel case of APBD in a patient who had a sudden onset of spastic quadriparesis preceded by gradual difficulty with gait. Genetic and postmortem analysis confirmed the diagnosis of APBD.Case report: A 65-year-old man was evaluated for a new-onset of spastic quadriparesis, right-gaze preference, and left-sided beat nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed areas of white matter hyperintensities most prominent in the brainstem and periventricular regions. MRI of the cervical spine showed marked cord atrophy. Laboratory workup and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were unremarkable. Genetic testing supported the diagnosis of APBD due to GBE-1 deficiency. Postmortem analysis showed multiple white matter abnormalities suggestive of a leukodystrophy syndrome, and histopathologic testing revealed abnormal accumulation of polyglucosan bodies in samples from the patient's central nervous system supporting the diagnosis of APBD.Conclusion: APBD is a rare disorder that can affect the nervous system. The diagnosis can be confirmed with a combination of genetic testing and pathologic analysis of affected brain tissue.

PurposeMSCTRAIL is a new stem cell-based therapy for lung cancer, currently in phase I evaluation (ClinicalTrials.gov ref: NCT03298763). Biodistribution of cell therapies is rarely assessed in clinical trials, despite cell delivery to the target site often being critical to presumed mechanism of action. This preclinical study demonstrates that MSCTRAIL biodistribution dynamics can be detected non-invasively using 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET imaging, thus supporting use of this cell tracking technology in phase II evaluation.MethodsMSCTRAIL were radiolabelled with a range of 89Zr-oxine doses, and assayed for cell viability, phenotype and therapeutic efficacy post-labelling. Cell biodistribution was imaged in a mouse model of lung cancer using PET imaging and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to confirm cell viability and location in vivo up to 1 week post-injection.ResultsMSCTRAIL retained therapeutic efficacy and MSC phenotype at doses up to and above those required for clinical imaging. The effect of 89Zr-oxine labelling on cell proliferation rate was dose and time-dependent. PET imaging showed delivery of MSCTRAIL to the lungs in a mouse model of lung cancer, with PET signal correlating with the presence of viable cells as assessed by bioluminescence imaging, ex vivo autoradiography and matched fluorescence imaging on lung tissue sections. Human dosimetry estimates were produced using simulations and preclinical biodistribution data.Conclusion89Zr-oxine labelling and PET imaging present an attractive method of evaluating the biodistribution of new cell-therapies, such as MSCTRAIL. This offers to improve understanding of mechanism of action, migration dynamics and interpatient variability of MSCTRAIL and other cell-based therapies.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an important tool to identify intermediate biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to measure regional changes in the brain that are thought to reflect disease severity and progression. In this paper, we set out a novel pipeline that uses volumetric MRI data collected from different subjects as input and classifies them into one of three classes: AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN). Our pipeline consists of three stages-(1) a segmentation layer where brain MRI data is divided into clinically relevant regions; (2) a classification layer that uses relational learning algorithms to make pairwise predictions between the three classes; and (3) a combination layer that combines the results of the different classes to obtain the final classification. One of the key features of our proposed approach is that it allows for domain expert's knowledge to guide the learning in all the layers. We evaluate our pipeline on 397 patients acquired from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and demonstrate that it obtains state-of-the-art performance with minimal feature engineering.

Introduction: Muscle weakness after stroke is not constrained to appendicular structures and also affects postural and respiratory muscles. Albeit specific respiratory training can modify respiratory parameters, a global activity intervention could reduce time and onus dispended with treatment. Objective: To analyze the effects of global training on maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), motor disability (MD), functional capacity (FC), gait speed (GS) of a chronic stroke survivor. Method: It was conducted a case study composed by muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises. PImax was measured pre-intervention, after three weeks, and post-intervention and the other outcomes were measured pre and post-intervention. The differences on FC, GS and PImax were described with their respective absolute and percentage values. MD was analyzed according to its minimal clinically important difference. Results/Conclusion: The participant presented considerable improvement on described outcomes, increasing 250% his PImax and reaching minimal clinically important difference on MD measure, justifying new studies to test the efficacy of this intervention.

Após o acidente vascular encefálico, mais de 80% dos sobreviventes apresentam hemiparesia e a fraqueza muscular é citada como uma importante deficiência responsável pela redução do uso funcional do membro superior parético. Nesse contexto, evidências científicas sugerem o treinamento resistido como um importante componente dos programas de reabilitação. Estudos relacionados à recuperação destes indivíduos apresentam fundamentação que apóia a utilização do treinamento resistido para a recuperação da função do membro superior parético. Entretanto, esta modalidade de treinamento pode não resultar em benefícios para todos os indivíduos hemiparéticos e seus efeitos estariam condicionados ao nível de acometimento inicial do indivíduo. Ainda não há resultados conclusivos sobre a influência do fortalecimento muscular no desempenho motor do membro superior parético, o que sugere a aplicação do treinamento resistido como intervenção terapêutica complementar à reabilitação funcional. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, a influência do fortalecimento muscular no desempenho motor dos membros superiores de indivíduos.

Central School of Speech and Drama is an HEFCE funded specialist theatre college in north London. The move to a new library in the summer of 1997 gave us the space and the network to upgrade from our old CAIRS system. The article describes how we chose Inheritance Systems Heritage IV and some of the useful facilities the system offers.

Introduction: The preventive turn in Europe 1. Situating crime prevention policies in comparative perspective: policy travels, transfer and translation, Adam Crawford 2. The political evolution of situational crime prevention in England and Wales, Tim Hope 3. The preventative turn and the promotion of safer communities in England and Wales: Political inventiveness and governmental instabilities Adam Edwards and Gordon Hughes 4. The development of community safety in Scotland: a different path? Alistair Henry 5. The evolving story of crime prevention in France, Anne Wyvekens 6. Forty years of crime prevention in the Dutch polder Jan van Dijk and Jaap de Waard 7. 'Modernisation' of institutions of social and penal control in Europe: the 'new' crime prevention, Dario Melossi and Rossella Selmini 8. Crime prevention at the Belgian federal level: from a social democratic policy to a neo-liberal and authoritarian policy in a social democratic context, Patrick Hebberecht 9. Going around in circles? Reflections on crime prevention strategies in Germany, Michael Jasch 10. Crime Prevention in Hungary: why is it so hard to argue for the necessity of a community approach? Klara Kerezsi 11. International models of crime prevention, Margaret Shaw

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an important tool to identify intermediate biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to measure regional changes in the brain that are thought to reflect disease severity and progression. In this paper, we set out a novel pipeline that uses volumetric MRI data collected from different subjects as input and classifies them into one of three classes: AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN). Our pipeline consists of three stages -- (1) a segmentation layer where brain MRI data is divided into clinically relevant regions, (2) a classification layer that uses relational learning algorithms to make pair wise predictions between the three classes, and (3)a combination layer that combines the results of the different classes to obtain the final classification. One of the key features of our proposed approach is that it allows for domain expert's knowledge to guide the learning in all the layers. We evaluate our pipeline on 397 patients acquired from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and demonstrate that it obtains state-of the-art performance with minimal feature engineering.

The elevation of counter-terrorism to the status of a ‘major policy objective’ of the EU was a seminal event in the development of European institutions of governance. September 11th launched the EU and its Member States into a significant programme of criminal police and judicial policy development, operational action and institution building. The speed and cross-pillar breadth of the EU’s response following the attacks was remarkable, especially given the discontinuous pattern of crises and institutional inertia that had previously characterised EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) co-operation. However, despite the rhetorical reference to September 11th, many of these measures were already on the table, having been set out at a European Council summit in Tampere in 1999. This raises questions about whether or not the EU’s response to September 11th is yet another indicator of an already established pattern of discontinuous development, or a genuinely enhanced governmental capacity to act against transnational crime affecting the EU. Such questions are crucial at the present juncture, as the EU expands to include 25 Member States.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has emerged as the standard of care for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI). Only 32% of patients with STEMI receive this procedure within the recommended 90 min for door-to-balloon time (DTB). We reviewed all STEMI cases that presented to our institution before and after the implementation of a STEMI Code protocol. Before the STEMI Code protocol, 27.1% of weekday cases and 6.3% of weekend cases were performed within 90 min. After the STEMI Code protocol, there was a threefold increase in the number of patients who received PCI within 90 min (p

Part 1: Origins of the Concept 1. Transnational Organised Crime: The Global Reach of an American Concept 2. Europe's Response to Transnational Organised Crime 3. Global Law Enforcement as a Protection Racket: Some Sceptical Notes on Transnational Organised Crime as an Object of Global Governance Part 2: Measurements and Interpretations 4. Measuring Transnational Organised Crime: An Empirical Study of Existing Data Sets on TOC with Particular Reference to Intergovernmental Organisations 5. Classify, Report and Measure: The UK Organised Crime Notification Scheme 6. The Network Paradigm Applied to Criminal Organisations: Theoretical Nit-picking or a Relevant Doctrine for Investigators? Recent Developments in the Netherlands 7. Transnational Organised Crime: A Police Perspective Part 3: Case Studies 8. Bad Boys in the Baltics 9. Controlling Drug Trafficking in Central Europe: The Impact of EU Policies in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Lithuania 10. Recognising Organised Crime's Victims: The Case of Sex Trafficking in the EU Part 4: Current and Prospective Responses 11. The Legal Regulation of Transnational Organised Crime: Opportunites and Limitations 12. Countering the Chameleon Threat of Dirty Money: 'Hard' and 'Soft' Law in the Emergence of a Global Anti-money Laundering Regime 13. Criminal Asset Stripping: Confiscating the Proceeds of Crime in England and Wales 14. Proteiform Criminalities: the Formation of Organised Crime as Organisers' Responses to Developments in Four Fields of Control 15. Organised Crime and the 'Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity' Framework 16. After Transnational Organised Crime? The Politics of Public Safety