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Objective To assess total and faecal coliform contamination in water wells and distribution networks over the past 7 years, and their association with human health in Khan Yunis Governorate, Gaza Strip. Study design Historical data and interview questionnaire. Methods Data were obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Health on total and faecal coliform contamination in water wells and distribution networks, and on the incidence of water-related diseases in Khan Yunis Governorate. An interview questionnaire was conducted with 210 residents of Khan Yunis Governorate. Results Total and faecal coliform contamination exceeded the World Health Organization's limit for water wells and networks. However, the contamination percentages were higher in networks than in wells. Diarrhoeal diseases were strongly correlated with faecal coliform contamination in water networks (r = 0.98). This is consistent with the finding …

Wastewater treatment is a key challenge in the textile industry. The current treatment methods for textile wastewater are insufficient or ineffective for complex dyes generated from the textile industry. This study evaluated the performances of two novel inorganic coagulants with high cationic charges, namely, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4). They were utilised to treat textile industry wastewater. Both coagulation processes were performed under the same experimental operational conditions. Turbidity, suspended solids (SS), colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia were measured to assess the efficiencies of the coagulants. Results indicated that ZrCl4 and TiCl4 exhibited high potentials for textile wastewater treatment. ZrCl4 presented high removal efficiency in COD and SS, whereas TiCl4 showed excellent removal in ammonia. Keywords: Textile wastewater, Coagulation, Titanium tetrachloride, Zirconium tetrachloride

Coagulation-flocculation is the most common chemical treatment method for wastewater treatment. Coagulant acts as neutralising agents for the electrical charges of particles in leachate. ZrCl₄, which has never been applied for leachate treatment before, was tested in this research. Standard jar testing was conducted to determine the optimal pH and dosage in removing colour, suspended solids (SSs), ammonia, and organic content [ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm wavelengths (UV254)] from semi-aerobic landfill leachate. The optimal ZrCl₄ dosage and pH were 1,500 mg/L and 4, respectively. These values corresponded to 93.4%, 94.3%, and 97% removals for SS, colour, and UV₂₅₄, respectively. However, ammonia could not be removed by the coagulant, with only 2.2% of removal at pH 4 and 1,500 mg/L ZrCl₄ dosage. Refereed/Peer-reviewed