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The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and water use efficiency of crop rotations under conventional system (CTS) and no-tillage system (NTS) through two experiments conducted in the Semiarid region of the northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Experiment 1 consisted of a grain corn-common bean rotation, and experiment 2 consisted of a sorghum-sweet corn rotation. The treatments, in both experiments, consisted of two tillage systems (CTS and NTS) arranged in strip-plots, in two crop years, with ten replications. Yield and production components of all crops and water use efficiency (WUE) of crops grown in the autumn-winter seasons were evaluated within each crop rotation. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, the means were subjected to the F test at 5% significance level. The results obtained showed that the NTS increases corn yield in 21.45% in the grain corn-common bean rotation; however, the common bean yield present no difference between tillage systems. NTS increases the sorghum fresh and dry matter yields in 39.65% and 84.26%, respectively, in the sorghum- sweet corn rotation, and the sweet corn total and commercial ear yield in 11.99% and 21.80%, respectively. The NTS increases the WUE of crops grown in the autumn-winter season, in both crop rotations. RESUMO Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a eficiência do uso da água de sistemas de sucessão de culturas em preparo convencional (PC) e plantio direto (PD), em dois experimentos instalados na região norte de Minas Gerais. O experimento 1 foi constituído pelo plantio em sucessão de milho- grão / feijão-comum, e o experimento 2 constituído pelo plantio em sucessão de sorgo / milho-verde. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois sistemas de manejo (PC e PD), dispostos no esquema de faixas, em dois anos de cultivo, com dez repetições. Foram avaliadas a produtividade e os componentes de produção de cada cultura, além da eficiência no uso de água (EUA) pelas culturas instaladas nas safras de outono-inverno, dentro de cada sistema de sucessão. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e, no caso de significância, as médias foram estudadas pelo próprio teste F a 5% de significância. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que na sucessão milho-grão / feijão-comum, o PD aumenta a produtividade do milho em 21.45%, contudo, não há diferença entre os manejos para a produtividade feijão- comum. Na sucessão sorgo / milho-verde, o PD proporciona aumento da produtividade da matéria verde e matéria seca de sorgo em 39.65 e 84.26%, respectivamente, enquanto que no cultivo do milho-verde, o PD aumenta em 11.99 e 21.80%, respectivamente, a produtividade de espigas totais e comerciais. Nos dois sistemas de sucessão, o PD proporciona aumento na EUA pelas culturas, nas safras de outono-inverno.

The objective was to evaluate the minimum size of experimental plots for the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using the modified maximum curvature method. The experiment consisted of a uniformity trial with the cultivar BRSFC-402 sown at a spacing of 0.5 m between plant rows and 10 plants per meter within the row. 20 central rows measuring 20 m in length were considered for measurements, totaling 4,000 plants on an area of 200 m2. Final bean stand (FS), mean number of pods per plant (NPP), mean number of grain per pod (NGP), mean 100-grain weight (M100), and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. At evaluations, each row with 10 plants was considered a basic unit (0.5 m2), amounting to 400 basic units whose dimensions were combined into 14 plot shapes. The methods of relative information and modified maximum curvature were used to obtain the best shape and the most appropriate plot size, respectively, for experimental evaluation with common bean. Using these methods, and considering that the optimum plot should enable an efficient evaluation of all evaluated characteristics, the appropriate plot size was five UB (25 plants) in the format with five rows x one UB per row. Highlights Support for experimental evaluation of common beans under edaphoclimatic conditions in the northern region of Minas Gerais Experimental plots with five basic units ensure maximum precision for joint evaluation of the main phenotypic descriptors of common beans. The characteristics mass of 100 grains and productivity were associated with the smallest and the largest plot sizes, respectively.

Sorghum is one of the most drought-tolerant cereals. However, strong water stress, especially during the reproductive phase, causes significant grain yield reduction. Drought events are common in second crops planted after soybean harvest in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to assess grain sorghum hybrids grown under pre- and post-flowering drought stress. Twenty-five hybrids were subjected to two water stress environments (pre- and post-flowering) and one environment with non-water stress. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with three replicates. Water stress pre-flowering reduced plant height, accelerated flowering, and increased panicle index compared with water stress post-flowering. Both pre- and post-flowering stress reduced yield, by 45% and 48%, respectively. Grain mass was greatly affected by stress occurring post-flowering but not by that occurring pre-flowering. Therefore, the reduction in yield caused by pre-flowering stress is due more to the reduction of grain number in the panicle, whereas the reduction when stress occurs post-flowering is due more to reduction in grain size. The plant chlorophyll index decreased when stress occurred pre-flowering and reverted after irrigation had resumed, demonstrating recovery in the photosynthetic capacity of the sorghum plant. With post-flowering stress, the chlorophyll index decreased significantly 30 days after the stress, affecting grain filling, with consequent yield loss

This study aimed to determine the size and shape of experimental plots that provide maximum precision using relative information method. This trial was conducted at the Federal Institute of Bahia. Plant height, cladode length, cladode width, cladode thickness, cladode area, cladode area index, number of cladodes, cladode total area and yield were measured in the third production cycle, 930 days after planting. The plants, defined as basic units, were arranged in 39 plot sizes so that the crop would fill the whole experimental area. Then, plot shapes with higher relative information and equal plot size in basic units were selected. The experimental plot with eight basic units in size ensures higher efficiency in the experimental evaluation. This combination between size and shape, besides meeting all evaluation requirements of the characteristics normally assessed in studies with forage cactus pear, has the maximum control of soil heterogeneity, thereby decreasing experimental error and significantly increasing precision.

DETERMINAÇÃO DO COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DO CAPIM-MOMBAÇA MANEJADO EM DIFERENTES ESTAÇÕES DO ANO NO SEMIÁRIDO MINEIRO VIRGÍLIO JAMIR GONÇALVES MOTA¹; ABNER JOSÉ DE CARVALHO2; FLÁVIO GONÇALVES OLIVEIRA3; VIRGÍLIO MESQUITA GOMES4; FLÁVIO PINTO MONÇÃO5 E VIRGÍLIO JAMIR GONÇALVES MOTA FILHO6 1 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. DCA/UNIMONTES, Campus Janaúba – MG. Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba - MG, 39440-000, Brasil. e-mail: virgilio.mota@unimontes.br 2 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. DCA/UNIMONTES, Campus Janaúba – MG. Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba - MG, 39440-000, Brasil. e-mail: abner.carvalho@unimontes.br 3 Eng. Agrícola, Doutor, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. ICA/UFMG, campus Montes Claros-MG, Brasil. flagiogoliveira@ibest.com.br 4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Prof. DCA/UNIMONTES, Campus Janaúba – MG. Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba - MG, 39440-000, Brasil. e-mail: virgilio.gomes@unimontes.br 5 Zootecnista, Pós-Doutor, Prof. colaborador do PGZ/DCA/UNIMONTES, Campus Janaúba – MG. Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba - MG, 39440-000, Brasil. e-mail: moncaomoncao@yahoo.com.br 6 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Prof. DCA/UNIMONTES Campus Janaúba – MG. Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba - MG, 39440-000, Brasil. e-mail: virgiliojamir@gmail.com 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o coeficiente de cultura (kc), a produção de matéria seca (PMS) e a eficiência do uso da água do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv Mombaça) manejado em diferentes estações do ano. Foram avaliadas quatro fases de manejo (I, II, III e IV) caracterizadas por alturas para cortes das plantas baseadas na fenologia do capim-mombaça, correspondendo à primeira fase (45 a 56 cm – início da rebrotação) com base na interceptação luminosa de 95%, seguindo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. O capim foi manejado sob cortes em lisímetros de drenagem. Os cortes foram efetuados quando o capim atingia 90 cm de altura deixando resíduo de 45 cm. A PMS no verão, outono e inverno/primavera foi de 9.994, 8.261 e 10.705 kg.ha-1, respectivamente. O consumo de água no verão, outono e inverno/primavera foi de 697, 396 e 1711 mm, respectivamente, acarretando eficiência de seu uso de 14,28, 20,88 e 6,26 kg.ha-1.mm-1, respectivamente. O coeficiente de cultura do capim-mombaça variou de 0,79 a 1,25, nos períodos de verão e outono e de 0,62 a 1,06 no inverno/primavera. Palavras-chave: manejo da irrigação, evapotranspiração da cultura, pasto, estágios de desenvolvimento. MOTA, V. J. G.; CARVALHO, A. J.; OLIVEIRA, F. G.; GOMES, V. M.; MONÇÃO, F. P.; MOTA FILHO, V. J. G. DETERMINATION OF CULTURE COEFFICIENT OF MOMBASA GRASS MANAGED IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR IN MINEIRO SEMIARID 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate crop coefficient (kc), dry matter yield (PMS) and water use efficiency of mombaça grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv Mombasa) managed at different seasons of the year. Four management phases (I, II, III and IV) characterized by plant heights based on mombaça grass phenology corresponding to the first phase (45 to 56 cm - start of regrowth) based on light interception of 95% were evaluated, following a completely randomized design with five repetitions. The grass was managed under cuts in drainage lysimeters. The cuts were made when the grass reached 90 cm height leaving a residue of 45 cm. The PMS in summer, autumn and winter / spring was 9,994, 8,261 and 10,705 kg.ha-1, respectively. Water consumption in summer, autumn and winter / spring was 697, 396 and 1,711 mm, respectively, resulting in an efficiency of 14.28, 20.88 and 6.26 kg.ha-1.mm-1, respectively. The crop coefficient of mombaça grass ranged from 0.79 to 1.25 in summer and autumn and from 0.62 to 1.06 in winter/spring. Keywords: irrigation management, crop evapotranspiration, pasture, stages of development.

‘Gigante’ cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica Mill. cv. Gigante) is a forage crop grown under semi-arid climates and because of its’ resilience to water-limiting conditions it can produce a high biom...

The technological quality from grains of bean should be evaluated in trials of elite lines to complement the agronomic performance evaluation, ensure the selection and recommendation of new cultivars, and guarantee its greater acceptance by the consumer market. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technological quality from selected genotypes of black bean grains. We used 12 elite lines and 4 cultivars from commercial black group constituents of the Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU). The trial was carried out on the Experimental Farm of Federal University of Vicosa-MG, in Coimbra County, in the 2012 crops of autumn/winter seasons. The experimental design was in randomized block, with three replications. The evaluated characteristics were shape, degree of flattening, thousand grains weight, hard-to-cook grains percentage, cooking time, husk percentage and the hydration capacity of the grains. The lines VP 24, VP 25 and VP 29 present the medium level of resistance to cooking similar to the cultivars (controls), and the other evaluated lines have normal resistance to bean cooking. The genotypes CNFP 11977, VP 29 and ‘Ouro Negro’ attain, in shorter time, 50% of the maximum hydration capacity of the grains, and resistance between normal and medium for cooking time. The lines VP 29 and CNFP 11977 also obtained the greatest hydration capacity for most evaluated times. The lines VP 26, VP 29, CNFP 11992, VP 27, VP 28, and CNFP 11977 present the best characteristics associated with technological quality of grains.

Cactus pear is adapted to semi-arid conditions. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the water use efficiency and green and dry mass yields of the cultivar Gigante under different fertilization rates and sources in three production cycles, spacing and planting arrangement. Seventy two treatments, involving two types of arrangements in the plots, three spacings in the subplots and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots were arranged in a split-split-plot scheme, using randomized block design with three repetions. Dry mass content decreases while water use efficiency and green mass and dry mass yields increase from the first to the third cycle. It is feasible to use planting arrangements in triple or quadrupling rows which allow increasing the mechanization index of the crop. Organomineral fertilization with 30 or 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 of bovine manure combined with 150-300-600 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O and 300-300 kg ha-1 year-1 of P2O5-K2O, respectively; organic fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 of manure; and mineral fertilization with 300-300-600 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O ensure green mass and dry mass yields greater than 200 and 15 Mg ha-1 cycle-1, respectively, and water use efficiency greater than 20 kg ha-1 mm-1 in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. It is concluded that yields of this magnitude are ensured with application of about 300-300-300 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O using organic, organomineral or mineral sources. RESUMO A palma forrageira é adaptada às condições semiáridas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar em três ciclos de produção, a eficiência do uso da água e as produtividades de massa verde e matéria seca, da cultivar Gigante sob diferentes doses e fontes de adubação, espaçamento e arranjos de plantas. Setenta e dois tratamentos, envolvendo dois arranjos nas parcelas, três espaçamentos nas subparcelas e 12 tipos de adubação nas sub-subparcelas foram dispostos em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. O teor de matéria seca decresce e a eficiência do uso da água e as produtividades de massa verde e matéria seca aumentam do primeiro para o terceiro ciclo. É viável o uso de configurações de plantio em fileiras triplas ou quádruplas que possibilitam aumentar o índice de mecanização na cultura. As adubações organominerais com 30 ou 60 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de esterco bovino combinadas com 150-300-600 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N-P2O5-K2O e 300-300 kg ha-1 ano-1 de P2O5-K2O, respectivamente, adubação orgânica com 90 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de esterco bovino e adubação mineral com 300-300-600 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N-P2O5-K2O proporcionam produtividades de massa verde e de matéria seca maiores que 200 e 15 Mg ha-1 ciclo-1, respectivamente, e eficiência de uso da água maior que 20 kg ha-1 mm-1 em palma forrageira ‘Gigante’. Conclui-se que produtividades dessa ordem são asseguradas com aplicação de cerca de 300-300-300 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N-P2O5-K2O com fontes orgânica, organomineral ou mineral.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência The definition of experimental plot size is an essential tool to ensure precision in statistical analysis in experiments. The objective of this study was to estimate the plot size for the cactus pear cv. Gigante using the Modified Maximum Curvature Method, under the semi-arid conditions of Northeastern Brazil. The uniformity test was conducted at the Federal Institute of Bahia, Guanambi Campus, Bahia state, Brazil, during the agricultural period from 2009 to 2011. The spatial arrangement was composed of ten rows with 50 plants each, whose evaluated area was formed by the eight central rows with 48 plants per row, making 384 plants and area of ​​153.60 m2. The following variables were evaluated: plant height; length, width and thickness of cladode; number of cladodes; total area of cladodes; cladode area and green mass yield in the third production cycle. In the evaluations, each plant was considered as a basic experimental unit (BEU), with an area of ​​0.4 m2, comprising 384 basic units (BU), whose adjacent ones were combined to form 15 pre-established plot sizes with rectangular shapes and in rows. The characteristics total area of cladodes and green mass yield require larger plot sizes to be evaluated with greater experimental accuracy. For experimental evaluation of cactus pear cv. Gigante, plot size should be eight plants in the direction of the crop row. A definição do tamanho da parcela experimental configura-se como ferramenta essencial para assegurar a precisão na análise estatística em experimentos. Assim objetivou-se estimar o tamanho de parcela para a cultura da palma forrageira cv. Gigante por meio do Método da Máxima Curvatura Modificado, nas condições do Semiárido Nordestino. O ensaio de uniformidade foi conduzido no Instituto Federal Baiano, Campus Guanambi, Bahia, Brasil, no período agrícola de 2009 a 2011. O arranjo espacial foi composto por dez fileiras com 50 plantas cada, cuja área útil foi formada pelas oito fileiras centrais com 48 plantas por fileira, perfazendo 384 plantas e área de 153,60 m². Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura da planta; comprimento, largura e espessura do cladódio; número de cladódios; área total do cladódio; área do cladódio e a produtividade de massa verde no terceiro ciclo de produção. Nas avaliações, cada planta foi considerada como uma unidade experimental básica (UEB), com área de 0,4 m², contemplando 384 unidades básicas (UB), cujas adjacentes foram combinadas de modo a formar 15 tamanhos de parcelas pré-estabelecidos com formatos retangulares e em fileiras. As características área total do cladódio e produtividade de massa verde exigem maiores tamanhos de parcela para serem avaliadas com maior precisão experimental. Para avaliação experimental da palma forrageira cv. Gigante, o tamanho de parcela deve ser de oito plantas no sentido da fileira de cultivo.

The objective was to identify the species and quantify the importance value index of weeds in the cultivation of arabica coffee in two irrigation systems, at different times of the year, in the northern region of Minas Gerais. A phytosociological survey was carried out in each season of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in an area cultivated with the species Coffea arabica, subjected to two irrigation systems (sprinkling and dripping). The coffee crop was implanted at a spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 0.7 meters between plants. The collection of weeds was performed using the standard method of the square inventory, which was launched between the lines of the crop. The identification of the species was carried out, the number of individuals was quantified, the dry mass, frequency, density, abundance, importance value index and coverage, and the similarity index. 33 weed species were identified, being the species with the highest IVI Euphorbia hirta, Brachiaria plantaginea, Digitaria horizontalis, Cyperus rotundus and Amaranthus spp. It was observed a higher occurrence of weeds from the monocot group in the sprinkler irrigation system while in the drip there were predominance of dicot plants.

Selection of tolerant plants is essential to meet the challenges of food production. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic and physiological characteristics as indicators for the selection of water restriction-tolerant grain sorghum genotypes. The experiments were conducted in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Two trials were installed in each year, one subjected to full irrigation and the other to water restriction. In the first one, irrigation was performed periodically, at a 2-day interval, to maintain soil moisture close to field capacity. In the second one, irrigation was suspended in the pre-flowering period, keeping the restriction for 30 days. Four sorghum genotypes were used: 9503062 and 9618158 - drought sensitive (S); 9910032 and P898012 - drought tolerant (T). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates. Stomatal conductance, relative chlorophyll content, photosynthetically active leaf area, plant height and yield were evaluated. Joint analysis of the experiments subjected to full irrigation and water restriction of the three years was performed. Under water restriction it was not possible to distinguish between sensitive and tolerant materials. The characteristics evaluated in this experiment did not allow a conclusive distinction between tolerant and sensitive genotypes.

Drought stress is a serious obstacle for crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Sorghum is a useful crop to grow in areas with erratic, poorly distributed or inadequate rainfall. To help determine the best alternatives, we evaluated 30 sorghum cultivars with and without water stress in the post-flowering plant stage. The work was carried out at the Experimental Station of Gorutuba, in Nova Porteirinha, MG, Brazil, during 2013 and 2014 seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with three replications and two water regimes. The traits evaluated were grain yield, number of days to flowering, plant height and 1,000 grain mass. Water restriction reduced the grain yield by 68.9% in 2013, 31.2% in 2014 and 50.1% in the average of the two years. The genotypes with best grain yield stability were B.Tx635, SC 720 and BR012RxSC566. Water stress significantly reduced plant height and grain mass.

Appropriate plot size is recognized as a means of maximizing experimental accuracy and contributes to efficient treatment assessment. This study aimed to estimate the optimal plot size for experiments with ‘Gigante’ cactus pears using the comparison of variances method (CVM). A uniformity trial was conducted to assess plant height (PH), number of cladodes (NC), yield (Y), cladode area index (CAI), cladode length (CL), width (CW), thickness (CT) and cladode area (CA) in a cactus pear crop. A rectangular-shaped plot consisting of 10 rows of 50 plants each was used, totaling 500 plants, with 384 basic units (BU), corresponding to the study area. A hierarchical classification approach was adopted, simulating a split-plot design in which each plant was denominated a basic unit (BU), and considering the effects of blocks (B), plots (P)/B, subplots (S)/P/B, rows (R)/S/P/B and plants (Pln)/F/S/P/B. This resulted in five plots sizes, consisting of 1, 12, 24, 48 and 96 basic units. Plots with 12, 24, 48 and 96 BU were statistically equal for the variables Y, PH, NC, CAI, CL, CW and CT, with lower variances than the plot with 1 BU. As such, 4.8 m² with 12 basic units is the optimal experimental plot size for ‘Gigante’ cactus pears.

Behavior analysis and plant expression are the answers the researcher needs to construct predictive models that minimize the effects of the uncertainties of field production. The objective of this study was to compare the simple and multiple linear regression methods and the artificial neural networks to allow the maximum security in the prediction of harvest in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. The uniformity test was conducted at the Federal Institute of Bahia, Campus Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil, coordinates 14°13′30″ S, 42°46′53″ W and altitude of 525 m. At 930 days after planting, we evaluated 384 basic units, in which were measured the following variables: plant height (PH); cladode length (CL), width (CW) and thickness (CT); cladode number (CN); total cladode area (TCA); cladode area (CA) and cladode yield (Y). For the comparison between the artificial neural networks (ANN) and regression models (single and multiple-SLR and MLR), we considered the mean prediction error (MPE), the mean quadratic error (MQE), the mean square of deviation (MSD) and the coefficient of determination (R2).The values estimated by the ANN 7-5-1 showed the best proximity to the data obtained in field conditions, followed by ANN 6-2-1, MLR (TCA and CT), SLR (TCA) and SLR (CN). In this way, the ANN models with the topologies 7-2-1 and 6-2-1, MLR with the variables total cladode area and cladode thickness and SLR with the isolated descriptors total cladode area and cladode number, explain 85.1; 81.5; 76.3; 74.09 and 65.87%, respectively, of the yield variation. The ANNs were more efficient at predicting the yield of the ‘Gigante’ cactus pear when compared to the simple and multiple linear regression models.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência The optimum plot size for ‘Gigante’ cactus pear can be estimated by several methods; thus, ultimately aiming for efficiency, simple use and high precision, the objective of this study was to compare methods for estimating plot sizes: modified maximum curvature method, Hatheway’s convenient plot size method, linear and quadratic response plateau models, and comparison of variances method for evaluating phenotypic characteristics in experiments with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. Plot sizes were estimated by conducting a uniformity trial. Estimated optimum plot sizes varied with the method and vegetative characteristic. The quadratic response plateau regression estimated the largest plot sizes, whereas Hatheway’s method estimated the smallest plot sizes. Comparison of variances method estimated intermediate plot sizes in comparison with the other methods for most measured characteristics. Plots sizes estimated by modified maximum curvature method are more consistent with results reported by studies on ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. 10 basic unit plot sizes estimated by the linear response plateau model can be used with high precision and practical feasibility for growing cactus pear, thereby improving the use of resources. O tamanho ótimo de parcela para palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ pode ser estimado por vários métodos; assim, visando em última análise a eficiência, uso simples e alta precisão, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar métodos para estimar tamanhos de parcelas: método de curvatura máxima modificada, método de tamanho de parcela conveniente de Hatheway, modelos de platô de resposta linear e quadrática e método de comparação de variâncias para avaliação de características fenotípicas em experimentos com palma forrageira 'Gigante'. Os tamanhos das parcelas foram estimados através da realização de um ensaio de uniformidade. Os tamanhos ótimos estimados de parcela variaram com o método e a característica vegetativa. A regressão de platô de resposta quadrática estimou os maiores tamanhos de parcelas, enquanto o método de Hatheway estimou os menores tamanhos de parcelas. O método de comparação de variâncias estimou tamanhos de parcelas intermediários em comparação com os outros métodos para a maioria das características medidas. Os tamanhos de parcelas estimados pelo método da curvatura máxima modificada são mais consistentes com os resultados relatados por estudos sobre a palma forrageira ‘Gigante’. 10 tamanhos de parcelas de unidades básicas estimados pelo modelo de platô de resposta linear podem ser usados ​​com alta precisão e viabilidade prática para o cultivo de palma forrageira, melhorando assim o uso dos recursos.

The objective of this study was to estimate the adaptability and stability of grain sorghum hybrids grown under post-flowering water stress and non-stress conditions. The trials were carried out in Nova Porteirinha-MG during the season of 2014 and 2015, and in Teresina-PI in the 2014 season. Twenty-nine-grain sorghum hybrids were evaluated, in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Plots consisted of four lines with 3 m long. The grain yield data were submitted to the individual variance analysis, having considered the effects of the hybrids as fixed and the other effects as random. The joint analysis was carried out, and when the interaction genotypes x environments was significant, the grain yield data were submitted to the adaptability and stability analysis by the GGE biplot method. A substantial reduction in the grain yield in environments with water stress was found. The highest yielding hybrids under water stress conditions in Nova Porteirinha-MG were 50A50, AG1080, AG1090, DKB550, DKB590, Jade, and BM737, and the highest yielding hybrids under the water stress in Teresina-PI were 1G282, 1G244, and A9721R. Considering all environments, the highest yielding hybrids were 1G282, DKB540, A9721R, 1G100, and AG1090. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-23T00:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Performancegrain.pdf: 1041239 bytes, checksum: 8ccfa98437ab622e9f993a05fe203971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-21

Para avaliar o efeito de doses de fluazifop-p-butil no desempenho do feijoeiro consorciado com braquiária, foi conduzido um experimento em Coimbra, MG, nas safras da seca de 2007 e das águas de 2007-2008. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial, envolvendo duas espécies de braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha e B. decumbens), seis doses de fluazifop-pbutil (0; 7,81; 15,62; 31,25; 62,50; e 125,00 g ha-1), mais o monocultivo de ambas as culturas. O feijoeiro foi plantado a 0,5 m entre linhas, com as sementes de braquiária sendo semeadas nas mesmas fileiras do feijão. Nos sistemas consorciados, além das doses de fluazifop-pbutil, utilizou-se fomesafen (125 g ha-1) e bentazon (336 g ha-1). Para o feijão solteiro foi utilizada uma mistura dos herbicidas fomesafen (125 g ha-1) e fluazifop-p-butil (100 g ha-1). Foram avaliados o estande final de plantas e o rendimento de grãos do feijoeiro com seus componentes primários. Os dados foram submetidos à analise de variância, sendo os efeitos das espécies de braquiária e das safras estudados pelo teste F, e os efeitos das doses de fluazifop-p-butil, por análise de regressão. Conclui-se que B. decumbens é mais competitiva com o feijão que B. hrizantha. Na safra da seca, a utilização de 7,81 g ha-1 de fluazifop-p-butil no consórcio com B. decumbens proporciona rendimento de grãos de feijão equivalente ao do monocultivo. O consórcio com B. brizantha dispensa o uso do herbicida. Na safra das águas, independentemente da espécie de braquiária, é necessária a aplicação de 31,25 g ha-1 de fluazifop-p-butil. To evaluate the effect of fluazifop-p-butyl doses on the performance of bean intercropped with brachiaria species, an experiment was conducted in Coimbra, MG, during the 2007 dry season and 2007-2008 rainy season crops. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were set up in a factorial design, involving two species of grass (Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens), six doses of fluazifop-p-butyl (0, 7.81, 15.62, 31.25, 62.50, and 125.00 g ha-1), plus the monoculture of both cultures. The common bean plant was planted at 0.5 m between rows, with the brachiaria seeds being sown in the same row of the bean plant. In the intercropping systems, in addition to fluazifop-p-butyl, fomesafen (125 g ha-1) and bentazon (336 g ha-1) were used. A mixture of fomesafen (125 g ha-1) and fluazifop-p-butyl (100 g ha-1) was applied to the monoculture bean. The final plant stand and the bean yield were evaluated with the primary components. Data were submitted to analysis of variance; the effects of the brachiaria species and the crop were studied by the F test and the effects of the fluazifop-p-butyl doses, by regression analysis. It was concluded that B. decumbens is more competitive with the beans than B. brizantha. In the dry season, the use of 7.81g ha-1 of fluazifop-p-butyl in the intercropping with B. decumbens provides a bean yield equivalent to that of the monoculture. Intercropping with B. brizantha does not require the use of herbicide. In the rainy season, regardless of the brachiaria species, 31.25 g ha-1 of fluazifop-p-butyl must be applied.

Visando estudar o efeito do número de linhas e do nível de adubação do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) no desempenho agronômico do consórcio do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) com o feijoeiro, foi conduzido um experimento de campo na Universidade Federal de Lavras, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com três repetições e esquema fatorial 4 x 4 + 1, envolvendo quatro números de linhas intercalares de feijoeiro (uma, três, quatro e seis linhas por entrelinha de café) e quatro doses de adubação da leguminosa (0, 50, 100 e 150% da adubação recomendada para o monocultivo, que constou de 20 kg ha-1 de N, 40 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 20 kg ha-1 de K2O no plantio mais 30 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura), mais um tratamento adicional (o monocultivo do cafeeiro ou do feijoeiro). O experimento foi conduzido em lavoura comercial da cv. Catucaí recém-plantada e a cv. de feijoeiro foi a BRS-MG-Talismã. No feijoeiro foram avaliados os estandes inicial e final, a altura de plantas e o rendimento de grãos com seus componentes primários (número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem e massa média de 100 grãos). No cafeeiro as características avaliadas foram à emissão de pares de folhas e o incremento na altura de plantas e no diâmetro do caule, verificados entre a semeadura e a colheita do feijoeiro, além da mortalidade dos cafeeiros. Os resultados permitem concluir que o aumento do número de linhas intercalares de feijoeiro eleva o rendimento de grãos da leguminosa, mas reduz o incremento do diâmetro do caule do cafeeiro recém-plantado. A partir de quatro linhas de feijoeiro há tendência de aumento da mortalidade de plantas de café, principalmente na ausência de adubação da leguminosa. A adubação equivalente a até 150% da dose recomendada para o monocultivo do feijoeiro não influencia o rendimento de grãos da leguminosa, mas contribui para diminuir a mortalidade do cafeeiro recém-plantado quando se utiliza seis linhas intercalares de feijoeiro. A field experiment was carried out in a typical dystrophic Red Latosol at the campus of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, in order to study the effects of the row numbers and fertilization level of the bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) upon the agronomic performance of the coffee shrub (Coffea arabica L.) associated with bean plant. The experimental randomized block design was used with three replicates and factorial scheme 4 x 4 + 1, as involving four intercalary row numbers of the bean plant (one, three, four, and six lines by each inter row of coffee shrub) and four fertilization doses (0, 50, 100, and 150% from the fertilization recommended for monocropping, consisting of 20 kg ha-1 N, 40 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 20 kg ha-1 K2O at planting timeplus 30 kg ha-1 N side-dressing), as well as one more additional treatment (monocropping of either coffee shrub or bean plant). The assay was conducted in a recently planted commercial Catucaí farming, whereas the cultivar of the bean plant was BRS-MG-Talismã. The following variables were evaluated for the bean plant: the initial and final stands; the plant heights; and the productivity of the beans with its primary components (pod number per plant, graim number per pod, and average100 graim weight). In coffee shrub, the characteristics under evaluation were the emission of leaf pairs and the increment in either plant height and stem diameter observed between sowing and harvesting the bean plant, as well as the mortality of the coffee shrubs. According to the results the increased number of the bean-plant intercalary rows rather rises the productivity of this leguminous, but reduces the increment of the stem diameter in the recently-planted coffee shrub. From four bean plant rows there is tendency to increased mortality of coffee shrubs, mainly in the absence of the leguminous fertilization. The fertilization up to 150% of the dose recommended to monocropping of the bean plant has no influence upon the productivity of this leguminous beans, although contributing to the reduced mortality in the recently-planted coffee shrub.

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição bromatológica da forragem produzida a partir da parte aérea de plantas remanescentes da colheita de minimilho, em diferentes épocas de semeadura e idades de corte das plantas. O experimento foi realizado na fazenda experimental da UNIMONTES, localizada no município de Janaúba – MG. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, envolvendo três épocas de semeadura (agosto, dezembro e abril) e cinco idades de corte das plantas remanescentes (0, 8, 16, 24 e 32 dia após a colheita das espigas). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por quatro fileiras de milho, espaçadas de 0,9 m entre si, com 5,0 m de comprimento. As avaliações foram realizadas utilizando-se as duas fileiras centrais, desprezando-se 0,5 m de cada extremidade. A colheita das miniespigas foi realizada manualmente 2 dias após a emissão dos estilo-estígmas nas três épocas de plantio. As características avaliadas na forragem produzida a partir da parte aérea das plantas remanescentes foram o teor de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, cinzas, matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente ácido, fibra em detergente neutro, lignina, hemicelulose, celulose e carboidratos não fibrosos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que há um incremento, para lavouras semeadas em agosto e em abril, nos valores de matéria seca, matéria orgânica e FDN e uma redução nos valores de cinzas e FDA das plantas remanescentes com o passar do tempo.Palavras chave: forragem, milhos especiais, Zea mays.CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BABY CORN IN DIFFERENT TIMES OF SOWING AND HARVESTING AGES OF REMAINING PLANTSABSTRACT - The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of baby corn crops at different times of sowing and harvesting ages of remaining plants in the northern region of Minas Gerais. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of UNIMONTES, located in Janaúba-MG. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial, involving three sowing dates (August/2009, December/2009 and April/2010) and cutting ages of the remaining plants (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 days after ear harvesting). The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. The plots were four 5 m long rows formed by maize spaced 0.9 m apart, using the two central rows to be examined. The chemical characteristics evaluated were: dry matter, organic matter content, ash, ether extract, crude protein, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and NFC. The results showed that there is an increase for crops sown in August and April, in the amounts of dry matter, organic matter and NDF and a reduction in the amounts of ash and FDA re-maining plants over time.Keywords: remaining plants, special maize, Zea mays.

To increasing world concern in searching for better working conditions and the improvement in life quality has been inciting the companies and researchers to develop their programs concerning to the minimization of risks to the workers' safety and health. This is evidently reflected on the quality of products, since these programs also arouse the workers' attention for the environmental matters. In Brazil these policies are legally supported by the Regulatory Norms (RN) of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the risks to the worker's safety during the mechanical drying process of the coffee, as well as to verify the interviewees' perception for the existence of risks and the conformity of properties concerning to the RNs application. A number of questionnaires were applied to the owners or managers of thirty rural properties in Sao Sebastiao do Paraiso county- MG. Besides the application of questionnaires, some in-locus observations and photographic registrations were also accomplished. When analyzing the questionnaires, the following risks were found in 97% of the visited properties provided with mechanical dryer: fire, explosion, accident by electric discharge, and exposure to biological agents. The same interviewed people percentage had no perception of the risks involved in this activity, and only 3% properties were in accordance with the regulatory norms. These results reveal the lack of either workers' training and the producers' awareness about the right their employees have to working under safety conditions.

Embora existam outros aspectos relacionados, como clima, solo e manejo da cultura, o hábito de crescimento da cultivar é um dos principais fatores envolvidos na resposta do feijoeiro à densidade de semeadura. Para tanto, o emprego de densidade de semeadura adequada é fator fundamental à obtenção de melhores respostas tecnológicas que resultem em maiores produtividades de grãos na cultura do feijão. Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de densidades de semeadura e safras de cultivo sobre o rendimento de grãos e componentes primários de rendimento de cultivares de feijoeiro, foi conduzido um experimento nas safras da seca e de inverno. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x5, envolvendo quatro cultivares de feijoeiro (Ouro Vermelho, Ouro Negro, Madrepérola e Manteigão Vermelho) e cinco densidades de semeadura (100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 mil plantas ha^ -1 ). Em ambas as safras, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Por ocasião da colheita foi avaliado o estande final, o rendimento de grãos e os componentes primários (número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem e massa de cem grãos). Realizou-se análise de variância conjunta para safras, e os efeitos de densidade de semeadura foram submetidos à análise de regressão, já os efeitos de cultivares foram estudados pelo teste de Tukey e os de safras pelo teste F, a 1 e a 5%. Com exceção do cultivar Ouro Negro cultivado na safra de inverno, em que o maior rendimento de grãos é obtido com população em torno de 300 mil plantas por hectare, o aumento na densidade de semeadura não interfere na produtividade do feijoeiro. Independentemente da densidade de semeadura, o feijoeiro cultivado na safra da seca apresenta maior número de grãos por vagem, maior massa média de cem grãos do que o cultivado na safra de inverno. While there are others aspects associated, such as climate, soil and crop management, the growth habit of the cultivar is one of the main factors involved in answer in gof common bean to sowing density. Thus, the use of appropriate seeding rate is critical to obtaining the best technological solutions that result inhigher grain yields in the common bean. With goal of estudy the effects of seeding density and seasons about yield of grains and primary components of yield of common bean cultivars, was conduced a experiment in the experimental farm of the UNIMONTES, in Janaúba, MG, in the dry seanson and winter season in the year of 2011. The treatments were arranged in factorial scheme 4x5, involving four cultivars of bean (Ouro Vermelho, Ouro Negro, Madrepérola e Manteigão Vermelho) and five seeding density (100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 thousand plants ha^-1). In both seasons, the experimental design utilized was randomized complete block, with four replications. At harvest was evaluated the final stand, yield of grains e primary components (number of pods by plant, number of grain by pod and mass of hundred grains). It was realized joint analysis of data for seasons of growth, and the effects of sowing density were subjected to regression analysis, however the effects of cultivars were studied by Tukey test and seasons by F test at 1and 5%. With the exception of Ouro Negro, grown in the winter season, which the highest grain yield is obtained with sowing density around 300 thousand plants by hectare, the increase in density of seeding does not affect the yield of common bean under the conditions considered in this study. Irrespective of sowing density, the common bean cultivated in the dry season show a greater number of seeds by pod, greater average weight of hundred grains, than common bean grown in the winter season.

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar as diferentes épocas de colheita sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de crambe, cultivar FMS Brilhante. O experimento foi instalado na Área Experimental da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros – UNIMONTES, em Janaúba, MG, em 03 de setembro de 2011. A primeira colheita dos racemos foi realizada aos 14 dias após a floração, quando aproximadamente 50% das plantas apresentavam floração plena. As demais colheitas foram realizadas em intervalos de seis em seis dias, perfazendo um total de cinco colheitas. Foi determinado também o acúmulo de unidades térmicas, em graus dia, durante os intervalos de tempo. Os racemos colhidos foram levados ao Laboratório de Análise de Sementes da UNIMONTES, onde permaneceram sob condições ambientais até a realização das análises. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, à germinação e ao vigor (matéria seca de sementes, massa de mil sementes, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco épocas de colheita, que consistiram nos tratamentos, e quatro repetições. As sementes de crambe apresentam dormência pós-colheita. O máximo acúmulo de matéria seca (maturidade fisiológica) ocorreu aos 26 dias após a floração. Conclui-se que a melhor época para realizar a colheita de sementes de crambe, cultivar FMS Brilhante, com maior qualidade fisiológica (máximo de germinação e vigor) ocorre no período de 14 a 26 dias após a floração, que representa uma soma térmica de 1111,1 a 1302,15 graus dia. The objective of this study was to evaluate different harvest seasons on the seed quality of crambe, cultivar FMS Brilhante. The experiment was carried out at Experimental area of the Montes Claros State University – UNIMONTES in Janaúba-MG, on September 3, 2011. The first raceme harvest was performed 14 days after flowering, when approximately 50% of the plants showed full flowering. The other harvests were performed every six days, making a total of five harvests. Accumulation of thermal units in degrees day during time intervals was also determined. The collected racemes were taken to the Laboratory of Seed Analysis at UNIMONTES, when they remained under ambient conditions until beginning the analyses. Seeds were evaluated as for water content, germination and vigor (dry seed weight, thousand seeds weight, seedling emergence, and emergence speed). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five harvest seasons, which composed the treatments, and four replications. Crambe seeds present post-harvest dormancy. The maximum dry matter accumulation (physiological maturity) occurred 26 days after flowering. In conclusion, the best time to harvest crambe seeds, cultivar FMS Brilhante, with higher physiological quality (maximum germination and vigor) occurs within 14 to 26 days after flowering, which is a thermal sum 1111,1 to 1302, 15 degree day.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of different cultivars of beans in terms of densities. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes in Janauba, MG, with sowing in March 2011. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 4 x 5 with four replications. The treatments consisted of four bean cultivars of different growth habits (Ouro Vermelho, Ouro Negro, BRSMG Madreperola and Manteigao Vermelho) and five densities (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 000 plants ha-1). The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination and vigor tests (seedling emergence, speed of emergence index and accelerated aging). Cultivars Ouro Vermelho, Ouro Negro e BRSMG Madreperola produce better quality seed physiological, relative to cultivate Manteigao Vermelhao. Increasing the seeding rate did not affect the physiological quality of seeds of bean cultivars, with the exception of Madreperola, where the population density up to 290 000 plants ha-1 is suitable for production of quality seeds under the conditions studied.