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Background. Mortality and morbidity in pregnant and maternity women is a big problem in developing countries. In poor countries, about 25-50% of deaths of women of childbearing age are caused by pregnancy-related causes. It is estimated that every year 585,000 women die from pregnancy and childbirth. 99% of these deaths occur in developing countries. According to WHO, 60-80% of maternal deaths are caused by bleeding during childbirth, obstructed labor, sepsis, high blood pressure during pregnancy, and complications from unsafe abortion. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between normal delivery care (APN) training on the knowledge and attitudes of midwives at the Bebesen Health Center, Bebesen District, Central Aceh Regency in 2020. Methods. The research method uses an analytical survey method with a cross sectional approach, which is a study to study the dynamics of the correlation between risk factors and effects, by approaching, observing or collecting data at once. The population in this study was all 63 midwives. The sampling method uses a total sampling technique that uses all members of the population as a sample. Data collection was carried out from November 14-16, 2020. Results. The results showed that from the analysis obtained a value for the p-value of good knowledge as many as 20 respondents (31.7%) and a positive attitude that is as many as 32 respondents (50.8%). Conclusion. There is a relationship between normal delivery care training (APN) with knowledge with a p value of 0.014 (p < 0.05) and normal delivery care (APN) with changes in the attitude of midwives with a p value of 0.00 (p < 0.05) in Bebesen Public Health Center, Bebesen District, Central Aceh Regency.

Required Coronavirus quarantining provided a unique opportunity for clinicians to grow professionally. This study examines use of HIPAA compliant telehealth technologies in two ways. First, telehealth offered a chance for professionals like APNs (advanced practice nurses) and LPCs (licensed professional counselors) to team up, trade referrals and to work together as virtual caring teams. Secondly, this study highlights several ways a caring professional team can mitigate ASD youth (and caregiver) anxiety through improved treatment delivery via telehealth, and ways added functionality can serve this vulnerable population. This study provides information clinicians can use at once to enhance alliances with one another and with ASD youth as well as caregiver(s) using richer multimedia, multimodal treatment delivery.

Background/Aims: Adiponectin (Apn) is a multifunctional adipokine that circulates as several oligomeric complexes in the blood stream. Previous reports showed that several conserved lysine residues within the N-terminal collagenous domain of Apn are modified by hydroxylation and glycosylation. Here, we investigated the potential roles of post-translational modifications of Apn on the function of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods: Blood samples of 92 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 20 healthy volunteers were collected and total and high molecular weight (HMW) Apn concentration and glycosylation were analyzed. Results: The results revealed that total and HMW Apn derived from blood samples of CAD patients with severe stenosis significantly increased, however the glycosylation of HMW Apn significantly decreased. Functional studies of human VSMCs revealed that glycosylated Apn significantly inhibited the oxidized LDL-induced lipid accumulation, proliferation and migration of VSMCs, whereas non-glycosylated Apn had no inhibitory effects. Conclusion: Taken together, these data suggest that glycosylation of Apn is critically involved in regulating function against atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and proliferation and migration of VSMCs.

The coronaviruses, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) represent important sources of neonatal diarrhea on pig farms. The requirement for aminopeptidase N (APN) as a receptor for TGEV, but not for PEDV, is well established. In this study, the biological relevance of APN as a receptor for PDCoV was tested by using CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the APN gene, ANPEP, in pigs. Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) from ANPEP knockout (KO) pigs showed resistance to PDCoV infection. However, lung fibroblast-like cells, derived from the ANPEP KO PAM cultures, supported PDCoV infection to high levels. The results suggest that APN is a receptor for PDCoV in PAMs but is not necessary for infection of lung-derived fibroblast cells. The infection of the ANPEP KO pigs with PDCoV further confirmed that APN is dispensable as a receptor for PDCoV., Highlights • APN is a receptor for PDCoV in PAMS, but not fibroblast cells. • ANPEP KO pigs are not resistant to PDCoV.

Through-Wall Radar Imaging (TWRI) uses UWB radar technology to detect the targets behind the wall, complete the panoramic view of the target area after the wall. As a new generation of perspective imaging technology, through-wall radar imaging can be widely used in many fields. However, in through-wall radar imaging, a very commonly seen problem is the fake image. The fake image is caused by the sidewall and back wall reflecting the object signal. The matched-filter results cannot distinguish the fake image from the real image in current research. This thesis proposes a new method to suppress fake images caused by the multipath signal in single target and multi-target scenarios. I consider if adding artificial-pulse-noise(APN) into the received raw radar data，after matched-filter processing，the multipath echoes will be suppressed. This thesis first discusses the multipath radar signal model. By further analyzing the matching filter results of direct path signal and multipath signal with and without APN, it can be theoretically proved that adding APN can suppress the fake image. With the radar data from numerical simulation and experimental results, adding APN has been proved to effectively suppress multipath signals in the matched-filter processing. By using the proposed method in through-wall image algorithm, numerical simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can suppress the ghost images caused by multi-path reflections from the side and back walls in enclosed rooms in a more effective way. In this thesis, a new TWRI algorithm is proposed to suppress fake images without increasing computational complexity. This means that it is easier to use in reality. Using this method, the existing through-wall radar system can be upgraded, which will make the through-wall radar become more important in anti-terrorism and disaster relief.

Dins de la temàtica Nous rols professionals, durant l'any 2019, la Càtedra té previst desenvolupar el Projecte IPA.CAT19 Fruit dels resultats de l'estudi "Exploració dels nous rols infermers dins de la Xarxa pública d'hospitals a Catalunya" publicat el novembre del 2018, es va iniciar el Projecte IPA.CAT19. el seu objectiu ha sigur identificar l'abast de la pràctica avançada de les infermeres a Catalunya. DDEUIT

Changes in expression levels of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and adiponectin (APN) in patients with postoperative infection of colorectal cancer were studied. The clinical data of 159 patients receiving radical surgery for colorectal cancer in Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine from January 2014 to December 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 67 patients with postoperative infection were enrolled into the infection group, while the remaining 92 patients without infection were enrolled into the non-infection group. The expression levels of serum IL-4, IL-10 and APN of patients were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation of IL-4, IL-10 and APN levels with stage of colorectal cancer were explored by the Spearmans correlation analysis. The expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-infection group at day 3 after surgery (P

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), identified in 2012, is a common enteropathogen of swine with worldwide distribution. The source and evolutionary history of this virus is, however, unknown. PDCoV belongs to the Deltacoronavirus genus that comprises predominantly avian CoV. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that PDCoV originated relatively recently from a host-switching event between birds and mammals. Insight into receptor engagement by PDCoV may shed light into such an exceptional phenomenon. Here we report that PDCoV employs host aminopeptidase N (APN) as an entry receptor and interacts with APN via domain B of its spike (S) protein. Infection of porcine cells with PDCoV was drastically reduced by APN knockout and rescued after reconstitution of APN expression. In addition, we observed that PDCoV efficiently infects cells of unusual broad species range, including human and chicken. Accordingly, PDCoV S was found to target the phylogenetically conserved catalytic domain of APN. Moreover, transient expression of porcine, feline, human, and chicken APN renders cells susceptible to PDCoV infection. Binding of PDCoV to an interspecies conserved site on APN may facilitate direct transmission of PDCoV to nonreservoir species, including humans, potentially reflecting the mechanism that enabled a virus, ancestral to PDCoV, to breach the species barrier between birds and mammals. The APN cell surface protein is also used by several members of the Alphacoronavirus genus. Hence, our data constitute the second identification of CoVs from different genera that use the same receptor, implying that CoV receptor selection is subjected to specific restrictions that are still poorly understood.

Милованова Рузанна Владимировна, аспирант, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (г. Челябинск). E-mail: ruzandreeva@gmail.com Никонова Ольга Юрьевна, доктор исторических наук, заведующий кафедрой «Отечественная и зарубежная история», Южно-Уральский государственный университет (г. Челябинск). E-mail: olga-nikonova@ yandex.ru R. V. Milovanova, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, ruzandreeva@gmail.com O. Y. Nikonova, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, olga-nikonova@yandex.ru Статья посвящена изучению роли агентства печати «Новости» в освещении Олимпиады-80 за рубежом. АПН рассматривается как один из инструментов советской культурной дипломатии, способствовавший формированию положительного образа СССР накануне и в период проведения Олимпийских игр. Анализ организационных основ деятельности агентства, целей и основной аудитория, методов работы за рубежом и тематики материалов помогает осмыслить механизмы функционирования информационных агентств как важного субъекта информационной политики государств. The article is about studing the role of the press agency “Novosti” in the coverage of the Olympics- 80 abroad. APN is considered as one of the tools of the Soviet cultural diplomacy, promote a more positive image of the Soviet Union before and during the Olympic Games. Analysis of the organizational principles of the agency’s activities, objectives and main audience, methods of working abroad and materials subject helps to comprehend the mechanisms of functioning of news agencies as an important subject of information policy states.

The existence of Almost Perfect Non-linear APN permutations operating on an even number of bits has been a long standing open question until Dillon et al., who work for the NSA, provided an example on 6 bits in 2009. In this paper, we apply methods intended to reverse-engineer S-Boxes with unknown structure to this permutation and find a simple decomposition relying on the cube function over $$GF2^3$$. More precisely, we show that it is a particular case of a permutation structure we introduce, the butterfly. Such butterflies are 2n-bit mappings with two CCZ-equivalent representations: one is a quadratic non-bijective function and one is a degree $$n+1$$ permutation. We show that these structures always have differential uniformity at most 4 when n is odd. A particular case of this structure is actually a 3-round Feistel Network with similar differential and linear properties. These functions also share an excellent non-linearity for $$n=3,5,7$$. Furthermore, we deduce a bitsliced implementation and significantly reduce the hardware cost of a 6-bit APN permutation using this decomposition, thus simplifying the use of such a permutation as building block for a cryptographic primitive.

We introduce two new infinite families of APN functions, one on fields of order 22k for k not divisible by 2, and the other on fields of order 23k for k not divisible by 3. The polynomials in the first family have between three and k+2 terms, the second family's polynomials have three terms.

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is widely used for the biological control of mosquito populations. However, the mechanism of Bti toxins is still not fully understood. To further elucidate the mechanism of Bti toxins, we developed an Aedes aegypti resistant strain that shows high-level resistance to Cry11Aa toxin. After 27 selections with Cry11Aa toxin, the larvae showed a 124-fold resistance ratio for Cry11Aa (strain G30). G30 larvae showed cross-resistance to Cry4Aa (66-fold resistance), less to Cry4Ba (13-fold), but not to Cry11Ba (2-fold). Midguts from these resistant larvae did not show detectable difference in the processing of the Cry11Aa toxin compared to that in susceptible larvae (WT). Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from resistant larvae bound slightly less Cry11Aa compared to WT BBMV. To identify potential proteins associated with Cry11A resistance, not only transcript changes in the larval midgut were analyzed using Illumina sequencing and qPCR, but alterations of previously identified receptor proteins were investigated using immunoblots. The transcripts of 375 genes were significantly increased and those of 208 genes were down regulated in the resistant larvae midgut compared to the WT. None of the transcripts for previously identified receptors of Cry11Aa (Aedes cadherin, ALP1, APN1, and APN2) were altered in these analyses. The genes for the identified functional receptors in resistant larvae midgut did not contain any mutation in their sequences nor was there any change in their transcript expression levels compared to WT. However, ALP proteins were expressed at reduced levels (∼ 40%) in the resistant strain BBMV. APN proteins and their activity were also slightly reduced in resistance strain. The transcript levels of ALPs (AAEL013330 and AAEL015070) and APNs (AAEL008158, AAEL008162) were significantly reduced. These results strongly suggest that ALPs and APNs could be associated with Cry11Aa resistance in Ae. aegypti.

Aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13; EC 3.4.11.2) is a zinc-dependent membrane-bound exopeptidase that catalyzes the removal of N-terminal amino acids from peptides. APN is known to be highly expressed on renal cortical proximal tubules. APN expression levels are markedly decreased under the influence of nephrotoxins and in the tumor regions of renal cancers. Thus, molecular imaging of kidney APN expression could provide pathophysiological information about kidneys noninvasively. Probestin is a potent APN inhibitor and binds to APN. Abdominal SPECT imaging was conducted at 1 h postinjection of (99m)Tc-probestin in a group of 12 UPII-SV40T transgenic and wild-type mice. UPII-SV40T mice spontaneously develop urothelial carcinoma in situ and invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) that invade kidneys. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to confirm the presence of tumor and to evaluate APN expression in kidney. Radioactivity in normal tissue regions of renal cortex was clearly visible in SPECT images, whereas tumor regions of renal cortex displayed significantly lower or no radioactivity uptake. Histopathological analysis of kidney sections showed normal morphology for both renal pelvic and cortical regions in wild-type mice and abnormal morphology in some transgenic mice. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining confirmed the presence of tumor in those abnormal regions. Immunohistochemical analysis of kidney sections using anti-CD13 antibody showed significantly lower APN expression in tumor regions compared to normal regions. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the potential use of (99m)Tc-probestin SPECT as a novel technique for noninvasive imaging of kidney APN expression.

Cell membrane-bound proteolytic enzymes (ectopeptidases) are integral membrane proteins, orientated asymmetrically with the catalytic site exposed to the extracellular surface, which enables a versatile range of physiological and pathological functions. Ectopeptidases may regulate the release of many growth factors and their receptors into the circulation, as well as activating or inactivating circulating signalling molecules, thereby regulating the availability of ligands for the corresponding receptors. Additionally, many of these ectopeptidases have functions not limited to proteolysis, but are able in themselves to function as receptors, transducing intracellular signals. A versatile range of functions, such as the modulation of cellsignalling, matrix degradation, cell adhesion and migration, which are particularly important for tumour cell growth and dissemination, are attributed largely to the ectopeptidases. Even a minor disruption in the normal proteolytic equilibrium can influence tumor progression, and a range of ectopeptidases, including neutral endopeptidase 24.11, aminopeptidase N, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and the disintegrin-metalloproteinases, have been shown to be involved in tumour development and metastasis. The ability to degrade and inactivate peptide hormones and growth factors, with the resultant modulation of the tumour-host interface, may play an important role in the pathogenesis, development or progression of a range of cancers, and the extracellular orientation of the ectopeptidases makes them particularly accessible, and therefore interesting, with regard to therapeutical applications.

Spin hyperpolarization enables real-time metabolic imaging of carbon-13-labeled substrates. While hyperpolarized L- (1-13C)alaninamide is a probe of the cell-surface tumor marker aminopeptidase-N (APN, CD13), its activity in vivo has not been described. Scanning the kidneys of rats infused with hyperpolarized alaninamide shows both conversion to [1-13C]alanine and several additional spectral peaks with distinct temporal dynamics. The (1-13C)alaninamide chemical shift is pH-sensitive, with a pKa of 7.9 at 37 degrees C, and the peaks correspond to at least three different compartments of pH 7.46 +/- 0.02 (1), 7.21 +/- 0.02 (2), and 6.58 +/- 0.05 (3). An additional peak was assigned to the carboxyamino adduct formed by reaction with dissolved CO2. Spectroscopic imaging showed nonuniform distribution, with the low-pH signal more concentrated in the inner medulla. Treatment with the diuretic acetazolamide resulted in significant pH shifts in compartment 1 to 7.38 +/- 0.03 (p = 0.0057) and compartment 3 to 6.80 +/- 0.05 (p = 0.0019). While the pH of compartment 1 correlates with blood pH, the pH of compartment 3 did not correspond to the pH of urine. In vitro experiments show that alaninamide readily enters blood cells and can detect intracellular pH. While carbamate formation depends on pH and pCO2, the carbamate-toalaninamide ratio did not correlate with either arterial blood pH or pCO2, suggesting that it may reflect variations in tissue pH and pCO2. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using hyperpolarized sensors to simultaneously image enzyme activity, pCO2, and pH in vivo.

Comparison of three RT-PCR based methods: semi-quantitative, competitive and real--time RT-PCR for relative quantification of mRNA is presented. Aminopeptidase N expressed on human promyeloid HL-60 cell line, at basal and activated state, served as a model for comparison. HL-60 cells were stimulated with IFN- (6 ng/mL) for 72 h at 37 oC, total cellular RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed to cDNA and semi-quantitative, competitive and real-time RT-PCR were performed to obtain the relative levels of mRNA for aminopeptidase N. The data obtained showed that all three RT-PCR based methods gave reliable and comparable results, i.e. approximately twofold increase of aminopeptidase N mRNA on IFN- stimulated HL-60 cells. Thus, in spite of rapid advances made in the area of real-time RT-PCR, end-point RT-PCR such as competitive and semi-quantitative RT- -PCR, although laborious and time consuming, may still remain useful techniques for relative mRNA quantification when small number of samples are to be analyzed.

Aquest treball fi de carrera està basat en l'estudi dels mòduls de telemetria MT-101 i MT-703, subministrats per l'empresa SignalixData, i en el desenvolupament de varis exemples de prestacions que el mòdul MT-101 pot oferir. El mòdul MT-101 consta de tres blocs funcionals bàsics, que es poden classificar en: entrades/sortides, processat i comunicació. Es desenvolupen varis exemples de programació lògica per al tractament de les entrades i sortides, i es presenta un manual bàsic per tal d'implementar dos possibles tipus de comunicació del mòdul: GPRS i GSM. El desenvolupament de l'aplicació GPRS es realitza mitjançant la implementació d'un conjunt servidor-client OPC. L'aplicació GSM s'utilitza per a la comunicació amb el format SMS. També s'ha estudiat la viabilitat tècnica d'integrar el MT-101 en un sistema de vigilància meteorològica, instal.lat en una planta nuclear. En aquest treball es realitza una breu introducció de les característiques del mòdul MT-703 amb l'objectiu d'obrir futures línies de treball.