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A magnetic fabric analysis is a useful tool to display deformation in nature and in models. In this study, three sandbox models represent basin inversion above a velocity discontinuity (base plate). After complete deformation of each model, samples were taken in different parts of the models (along faults and areas away from faults) for magnetic fabric analysis. Model I, which simulates basin formation during extension, shows two kinds of magnetic fabric: an “undeformed”/initial fabric in areas away from faults and a normal fault-induced fabric with a magnetic foliation that tends to align with the fault surface. Models II and III were extended to the same stage as Model I but were subsequently shortened/inverted by 1.5 cm (Model II) and 4 cm (Model III). Both inverted models developed “thrusts” during inversion. The thrusts show an alignment of magnetic foliation parallel to the fault surfaces that depends on the maturity of the thrust. Our results highlight that thrusting is more efficient in aligning the magnetic fabric along them compared to normal faults. Moreover, models II and III reveal a magnetic fabric overprint towards a penetrative strain-induced fabric (magnetic lineation perpendicular to shortening direction) with increasing strain in areas away from thrusts. Such overprint shows a gradual transition of a magnetic fabric to a penetrative strain-induced fabric and further into a thrust-induced fabric during shortening/inversion. In contrast, extension (Model I) developed distinct magnetic fabrics without gradual overprint. In addition, pre-existing normal faults are also overprinted to a penetrative strain-induced fabric during model inversion. They define weak zones within the main pop-up imbricate and steepen during model inversion. Steepening influences the magnetic fabric at the faults and, in general, the strain propagation through the model during inversion. The magnetic fabric extracted from the models presented here reflect the different stages of basin development and inversion. This study is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses on models simulating inverted basins. This study illustrates the possibility of applying a robust tool, i.e. magnetic fabric analyses, to sandbox models, whose initial, intermediate, and final stages are well documented, to understand fabric development in inverted tectonic regimes.

U (T = 0.159 My) has aroused much interest in the last few years because of the potential of U/U to inform about anthropogenic U sources. The reported U/U atom ratios in general environmental samples are in the 10–10 range. We demonstrate that U/U abundance sensitivities at the 5 × 10 level can be achieved at the 1 MV Accelerator Mass Spectrometry system at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA, Seville, Spain). Unresolved U, U and Th molecular fragments are identified as the main U background contributors and procedures to subtract them are proposed. U/U and U/U atom ratios were analysed in the IAEA reference materials coded Soil-6, 300, 385, 410, and 412 at the CNA and at the 600 kV ETH AMS system for intercomparison. U/U atom ratios for samples 412 and 385 were only reported by the ETH., This work was partly financed through the project PGC2018-094546-B-I00 provided by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades).

The abstract is available here: https://uscholar.univie.ac.at/o:1646659

This research examines the relationships between HEXACO-based Personality traits and Academic Motivation.

Objectives To determine whether altered mental status (AMS) as a presenting symptom in older adults with COVID-19 is independently associated with adverse outcomes. Methods A retrospective single center observational study of admitted patients (n = 421) age greater than 60 and a positive COVID-19 test. Outcomes included mortality, intubation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, and acute cardiac injury. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine if presenting with AMS was associated with adverse outcomes. Results There was an increased risk of mortality (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.57), intubation (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.09–2.12) and AKI (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13–1.78) in patients that presented with AMS. Conclusions During a global pandemic, prognostic indicators are vital to help guide the clinical course of patients, reduce healthcare cost, and preserve life. Our study suggests that AMS can play a major role in diagnostic algorithms in older adults with COVID-19.

This study presents a description of a rhyolite lava-forming eruption, including the conduit system, degassing history during the lava flow dynamics. We examined the Pleistocene Shiroyama rhyolite lava on Himeshima Island, Japan. The lava is mainly characterized by locally developed obsidian. Based on the structural variation, the obsidian lithofacies correspond to the shallow conduit. The geological investigation and FTIR analyses showed that gas removal from the conduit magma proceeded via vesiculation, fracturing, and brecciation, allowing formation of the dense obsidian. Since the lava originally maintained some extent of water, the lava effervesced just after the effusion. This vesiculation resulted in pervasive bubble coalescence and the formation of abundant permeable pathways. The volcanic gasses escaped via those pathways, allowing collapse of the bubbles and deflation of the lava. AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) results indicate that the lava spread concentrically.

By applying advanced spatial statistical methods, spatial taphonomy complements the traditional taphonomic approach and enhances our understanding of biostratinomic and diagenetic processes. In this study, we elaborate on a specific aspect – spatial anisotropy – of taphonomic processes. We aim to unravel the taphonomic history of the Early Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage of Tsiotra Vryssi (Mygdonia Basin, Greece). Circular statistics are used for the fabric analysis of elongated elements; geostatistics (directional variograms), wavelet and point pattern analyses are applied for detecting anisotropy at the assemblage level. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of sedimentary magnetic minerals is also investigated. The results, integrated with preliminary remarks about the differential preservation of skeletal elements, sedimentological and micromorphological observations, suggest multiple dispersion events and recurrent spatial re‐arrangement of a lag, (peri)autochthonous assemblage, consistent with the cyclical lateral switching of a braided fluvial system. Furthermore, this study offers a contribution to the building of a spatial taphonomic referential framework for the interpretation of other fossil vertebrate assemblages, including archaeo‐palaeontological ones.

The complexity of historical urban centres progressively needs a strategic improvement in methods and the scale of knowledge concerning the vulnerability aspect of seismic risk. A geographical multi-scale point of view is increasingly preferred in the scientific literature and in Italian regulation policies, that considers systemic behaviors of damage and vulnerability assessment from an urban perspective according to the scale of the data, rather than single building damage analysis. In this sense, a geospatial data sciences approach can contribute towards generating, integrating, and making virtuous relations between urban databases and emergency-related data, in order to constitute a multi-scale 3D database supporting strategies for conservation and risk assessment scenarios. The proposed approach developed a vulnerability-oriented GIS/HBIM integration in an urban 3D geodatabase, based on multi-scale data derived from urban cartography and emergency mapping 3D data. Integrated geometric and semantic information related to historical masonry buildings (specifically the churches) and structural data about architectural elements and damage were integrated in the approach. This contribution aimed to answer the research question supporting levels of knowledge required by directives and vulnerability assessment studies, both about the generative workflow phase, the role of HBIM models in GIS environments and toward user-oriented webGIS solutions for sharing and public use fruition, exploiting the database for expert operators involved in heritage preservation.

Este estudio analiza la eficiencia en la reducción del desplazamiento lateral de una estructura bajo excitaciones sísmicas estocásticas de bajo contenido de frecuencias. El dispositivo de estudio es el Amortiguador Combinado Sintonizado (ACS). El objetivo es analizar cómo cambia su eficiencia, cuando se introduce incertidumbre en sus parámetros de diseño. El ACS está compuesto por dos dispositivos efecto-masa, un amortiguador de masa sintonizado (AMS) y un amortiguador de columna de líquido sintonizado (ACLS). Para trabajar con la componente no lineal de la ecuación del ACLS en el análisis estocástico, se utilizó la técnica de linealización estadística equivalente. Se considera una incertidumbre de ±5 y ±10%. Los parámetros a los que se les introdujo incertidumbre, fueron la razón de longitud del ACLS y la razón de masa. Como criterio de optimización, se consideró la reducción de la desviación estándar del desplazamiento del sistema principal. Los resultados muestran que la eficiencia del ACS es máxima, cuando el periodo de la estructura, coincide con el periodo predominante de la excitación sísmica. Por otra parte, existen leves variaciones en la eficiencia del ACS, cuando se introduce una incertidumbre de hasta un 10% en la razón de masa o razón de longitud del ACLS.

Esta investigación estudia el comportamiento de los parámetros óptimos y de la eficiencia del Amortiguador Combinado Sintonizado (ACS) en el control de una estructura sometida a excitación sísmica, cuando se incorpora incertidumbre en la razón de masa y la razón de longitud. El ACS es un dispositivo compuesto, por un amortiguador de columna de líquido sintonizado (ACLS), y amortiguador de masa sintonizado (AMS). La excitación sísmica es modelada como un proceso estocástico gaussiano de media cero, de tipo estacionario. Se considera una excitación sísmica de alto contenido de frecuencias. Se utiliza el método de linealización estadística equivalente, para linealizar la ecuación no lineal asociada al amortiguador de líquido sintonizado. Se analiza la sensibilidad de los parámetros óptimos, razón de sintonía y coeficiente de pérdida de carga del ACLS, y la razón de sintonía y amortiguamiento del AMS; al incluir una incertidumbre en la razón de masa y en la razón de longitud. Como criterio de optimización se utiliza la reducción del desplazamiento de la estructura principal. Se obtienen la eficiencia del ACS y la raíz media cuadrática RMS (root mean square) del desplazamiento del sistema principal. Los resultados muestran que el parámetro más sensible es el coeficiente de pérdida de carga, ante una incertidumbre en la razón de longitud. Se concluye que la eficiencia del ACS y RMS de desplazamiento de la estructura principal, es insensible a una incertidumbre menor a un 10%, tanto de la razón de masa y de la razón de longitud.

The possibility of dating by radiocarbon lead carbonate, widely used as white pigment since ancient times, has been recently demonstrated. In this paper we tested two different samples processing procedures for the extraction of the carbon fraction from lead carbonate to be submitted to Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 14C dating. Samples with different origins were selected for this study: geological cerussite, modern sample produced by following ancient recipe and lead white used for restoration purposes. All the samples were characterised by using different techniques: X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy in order to highlight the chemical composition and identify the mineral phases. The 14C content was then measured by AMS in the carbon fraction extracted by acid hydrolysis or via thermal decomposition at different temperatures. Indeed, the selection of a proper temperature (500 °C) resulted in the possibility to get rid of the possible contamination from calcium carbonate. We also present the results obtained in the analysis of samples intentionally contaminated with 14C-free calcium carbonate and processed with the two different procedures.

The scientific interest in radiocesium and plutonium found in the oceans and seas has increased enormously in the past years as a consequence of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident and is expected to be ongoing due to many unresolved questions. Hence, continuous development of new and verification of old analytical methods should be at the top of the list of the community, working on the topic. In this study, we processed and analyzed several seawater samples, collected in different time frames (2011-2015) from the North Pacific Ocean offshore Fukushima, to determine their radiocesium activities, 134Cs/137Cs activity ratios and 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratios using the sequential scavenging method, gamma spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The observed radiocesium levels in seawater (0.07-0.042 Bq L-1) clearly indicated that the investigated region remained impacted by releases from the damaged power plant even after four years after the accident. Regarding plutonium, its successful separation from large volume seawater samples was confirmed by detection of 240Pu by AMS. However, several problems emerged during the analyzes, which we tried to address with the use of additional methods (e.g., measurements of uranium by ICPMS). The efficiencies of the applied methods and other issues are also discussed.

Fire can be recognized as an essential climatic variable. Particularly disastrous in Australia during the Black Summer, authorities are trying to monitor the negative effects of the fire activity. A main indicator regarding the intensity of a fire is the Fire Radiative Power (FRP). In this paper, a prediction of the FRP value will be conducted, using a NASA dataset. Then an overview of the long term influence of this value will be done. Afterwards, in relation to the fire prevention, the correlation between the size of the fire and the FRP value will be studied. Finally a more precise analysis of the FRP value can be done using a subpixel-based calculation of the FRP value.

Fire can be recognized as an essential climatic variable. Particularly disastrous in Australia during the Black Summer, authorities are trying to monitor the negative effects of the fire activity. A main indicator regarding the intensity of a fire is the Fire Radiative Power (FRP). In this paper, a prediction of the FRP value will be conducted, using a NASA dataset. Then an overview of the long term influence of this value will be done. Afterwards, in relation to the fire prevention, the correlation between the size of the fire and the FRP value will be studied. Finally a more precise analysis of the FRP value can be done using a subpixel-based calculation of the FRP value.

Resumen Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 74 años con historia de isquemia mesentérica crónica asociada a múltiples comorbilidades que fue llevada a la sala hemodinámica para revascularización endovascular, que no fue efectiva, por lo que se decidió la realización de una laparotomía y retrograde open mesenteric stenting (ROMS). Durante el procedimiento se realizó una disección, para la que se utilizó el catéter de reentrada Outback® Elite. Se logró acceder al espacio luminal y posteriormente se implantó con éxito un stent, con lo que se obtuvo un adecuado paso de medio de contraste y la resolución de la oclusión.

The yields of 9 Be charge states ( q = + 1 , + 2 , + 3 , and + 4 ) from injected BeO− were measured with terminal voltage range from 1 to 5 MV. The yields were determined from the momentum analysed beam currents measured by beam profile monitors, after the 90° injector and analysing magnets. Stripping gas pressure dependency of the transmission efficiency was also determined and the results were studied with SRIM simulations. The effect of stripping medium was studied using both Ar and CO2 gases. The presented results are compared against experimental values found from literature, semi-empirical parametrisation models, and charge-exchange theories.

Fil: Moncinhatto, Thiago R. Universidade de Sao Paulo. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofısica e Ciências Atmosféricas. São Paulo, Brazil. Fil: Haag, Maurício B. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Porto Alegre, Brazil. Fil: Hartmann, Gelvam A. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Geociências.Campinas. Brazil. Fil: Savian, Jairo F. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Porto Alegre, Brazil. Fil: Poletti, Wilbor. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia. Diamantina, Brazil. Fil: Sommer, Carlos A. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Porto Alegre, Brazil. Fil: Caselli, Alberto Tomás Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Laboratorio de Estudio y Seguimiento de Volcanes Activos. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Trindade, Ricardo I. Universidade de Sao Paulo. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofısica e Ciências Atmosféricas. São Paulo, Brazil. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is a petrofabric tool used to estimate the alignment of minerals at the site-scale, the imbrication between the magnetic foliation and the emplacement surface being an indicator of flow direction. However, despite numerous studies examining the flow direction in pyroclastic deposits and lava flows, the effect of magnetic mineralogy and the domain state of ferromagnetic phases on the magnetic fabric remains poorly understood. This paper describes the magnetic mineralogy and its influence on the magnetic fabric of Plio-Pleistocene lava flows and ignimbrites of the Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Argentina. Rock magnetism, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization and petrographic observations were performed on 30 sites of the volcanic complex. Results revealed the extrusive and pyroclastic rocks present varied magnetic mineralogy, formed in different stages of the magmatic evolu- tion. Magnetic mineralogy variations strongly affect the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data in volcanic rocks and associated ignimbrites, providing ‘scattered’ fabrics when late Ti- rich titanomagnetite phases dominate the fabric, and ‘inverse’ or ‘intermediate’ fabrics when single-domain grains are present. ‘Normal’ fabrics are typically found when early crystallized pure magnetite is present. Our results highlight the complexity in the interpretation of magnetic anisotropy data in volcanic rocks and ignimbrites. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is a petrofabric tool used to estimate the alignment of minerals at the site-scale, the imbrication between the magnetic foliation and the emplacement surface being an indicator of flow direction. However, despite numerous studies examining the flow direction in pyroclastic deposits and lava flows, the effect of magnetic mineralogy and the domain state of ferromagnetic phases on the magnetic fabric remains poorly understood. This paper describes the magnetic mineralogy and its influence on the magnetic fabric of Plio-Pleistocene lava flows and ignimbrites of the Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Argentina. Rock magnetism, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization and petrographic observations were performed on 30 sites of the volcanic complex. Results revealed the extrusive and pyroclastic rocks present varied magnetic mineralogy, formed in different stages of the magmatic evolu- tion. Magnetic mineralogy variations strongly affect the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data in volcanic rocks and associated ignimbrites, providing ‘scattered’ fabrics when late Ti- rich titanomagnetite phases dominate the fabric, and ‘inverse’ or ‘intermediate’ fabrics when single-domain grains are present. ‘Normal’ fabrics are typically found when early crystallized pure magnetite is present. Our results highlight the complexity in the interpretation of magnetic anisotropy data in volcanic rocks and ignimbrites.

In recent years the chronological framework provided by the AMS 14C dating has had a great impact on archaeological studies in the Near East, also affecting the previous synchronization of cultural events across the Mediterranean region. Here we present a consistent set of 14C dates from the site of Arslantepe (Turkey) between the 5th and the 3rd millennium BC. A total of 86 samples of charred wood remains were previously dated by the beta counting method, already providing a general framing to this exceptionally long sequence. However, the stratigraphy of building levels still needed a more accurate analysis, distinguishing sub-phases within the occupational periods. 13 new samples of mainly charred seeds and fruits from the Late Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze I levels have been dated by means of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) A tendency towards older radiocarbon ages is recorded. The new site chronology dates the post-Ubaid levels during the mid-5th millennium BC, well corresponding to the Late Chalcolithic cultures of northern Mesopotamia. The last phases of the Late Chalcolithic were found in quick succession between 3600 and 3200 years BC, confirming the correlation with the Late Uruk culture in southern Mesopotamia. Lastly, the Early Bronze Age I levels appear to be earlier than the previous beta counting chronology. This indicates that the events following the collapse of the Late Chalcolithic Arslantepe society all belong to a very short period of time.

We compare the predictions of AAfrag for the spectra of secondary photons, neutrinos, electrons, and positrons produced in proton-proton collisions to those of the parameterisations of Kamae et al., Kelner et al., and Kafexhiu et al. We find that the differences in the normalisation of the photon energy spectra reach 20$-$50% at intermediate values of the transferred energy fraction $x$, growing up to a factor of two for $x\rightarrow\,$1, while the differences in the neutrino spectra are even larger. We argue that LHCf results on the forward production of photons favor the use of the QGSJET-II-04m model on which AAfrag is based. The differences in the normalisation have important implications in the context of multi-messenger astronomy, in particular, for the prediction of neutrino fluxes based on gamma-ray flux measurements, or regarding the inference of the cosmic ray spectrum, based on gamma-ray data. We note also that the positron-electron ratio from hadronic interactions increases with energy towards the cutoff, an effect which is missed using the average electron-positron spectrum from Kelner et al. Finally, we describe the publicly available python package aafragpy, which provides the secondary spectra of photons, neutrinos, electrons, and positrons. This package complements the AAfrag results for protons with energies above 4 GeV with previous analytical parameterizations of particle spectra for lower energy protons., 8 pages, 10 figures

Galactic charged cosmic rays (notably electrons, positrons, antiprotons and light antinuclei) are powerful probes of dark matter annihilation or decay, in particular for candidates heavier than a few MeV or tiny evaporating primordial black holes. Recent measurements by PAMELA, AMS-02, or VOYAGER on positrons and antiprotons already translate into constraints on several models over a large mass range. However, these constraints depend on Galactic transport models, in particular the diffusive halo size, subject to theoretical and statistical uncertainties. We update the so-called MIN-MED-MAX benchmark transport parameters that yield generic minimal, median and maximal dark-matter induced fluxes; this reduces the uncertainties on fluxes by a factor of about 2 for positrons and 6 for antiprotons, with respect to their former version. We also provide handy fitting formulae for the associated predicted secondary antiproton and positron background fluxes. Finally, for more refined analyses, we provide the full details of the model parameters and covariance matrices of uncertainties., 20 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables

Physical review letters : PRL 127(15), 021101 (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101, Published by American Physical Society, College Park, Md.

Data from the Voyager probes have provided us with the first measurement of cosmic ray intensities at MeV energies, an energy range which had previously not been explored. Simple extrapolations of models that fit data at GeV energies, e.g. from AMS-02, however, fail to reproduce the Voyager data in that the predicted intensities are too high. Oftentimes, this discrepancy is addressed by adding a break to the source spectrum or the diffusion coefficient in an ad hoc fashion, with a convincing physical explanation yet to be provided. Here, we argue that the discrete nature of cosmic ray sources, which is usually ignored, is instead a more likely explanation. We model the distribution of intensities expected from a statistical model of discrete sources and show that its expectation value is not representative, but has a spectral shape different from that for a typical configuration of sources. The Voyager proton and electron data are however compatible with the median of the intensity distribution. We stress that this model can explain the Voyager data without requiring any unphysical breaks., Comment: 6 pages and 3 figures (supplemental material added)

The Capitoline she wolf is a Bronze statue located at the “Capitoline Museums” in Rome, Italy. The extraordinary cultural and symbolic importance of the statue is mainly related to the myth of the Capitoline she wolf and to the legendary origin of the city of Rome. Though traditionally considered an Etruscan bronze, recently a much more recent age was suggested on the base of consideration related to the used casting technique. In this paper we present the results of an AMS radiocarbon dating campaign carried out on the organic residues found in the casting cores recovered from the inner part of the statue. The obtained results firmly anchor the statue to the XI-XII centuries CE, in the Middle Ages.

The Bristol Radiocarbon Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (BRAMS) Facility was established at the University of Bristol after the commissioning of our dedicated sample preparation laboratories and the installation and acceptance of the BrisMICADAS AMS in 2016. Routine measurements commenced in mid-2016, once validation was completed for each sample type. Herein, we give an overview of the standard pretreatment methods currently employed in the Facility and the results of radiocarbon (14C) determinations on a wide range of standards, blank materials, and intercomparison samples which have been measured during our extensive pretreatment method validation program and during our routine 14C analyses.

We report 91 new AMS radiocarbon dates on human bone collagen from two important central California sites: CA-CCO-138 (Hotchkiss Mound; n = 46) and CA-CCO-139 (Simone Mound; n = 45). The sites lie within 500 m of one another in the California Delta and have figured prominently in the formulation of culture historical sequences in central California. The new AMS dates show that the two sites are nearly separate in their occupation sequences, with CA-CCO-139 interments dating between 1,190 and 790 cal BP and CA-CCO-138 between 810 and 150 cal BP (median date ranges). We compare the new dates to previous age assignments based on associated artifacts and depth, and discuss implications for understanding ancient settlement patterns, mound occupation sequences, and culture history in the region.

This study tests whether accurate dating by AMS radiocarbon wiggle-matching short tree-ring series (c. 30 annual rings) in the period after AD 1510 can be achieved routinely. Such an approach has proved problematic for some intervals in the period AD 1160–1541 (Bayliss et al., 2017), which are before single-year calibration data are available (Stuiver, 1993). We suggest that such calibration data are essential if this approach is to be employed for the informed conservation of standing buildings.

Examples of environmental transformation, the creation of sustainable lifeways, and the development of environmentally aware political forms better our understanding of how peoples build on tradition and environmental circumstance to form novel institutions. Using archaeological data, oral histories, genealogies, radiocarbon dating, and Bayesian modeling, we present a timeline of habitation and land-use patterns on Manihiki and Rakahanga, two remote atolls in East Polynesia. We track socioecological change on the atolls from the time of first colonization ca. AD 1200–1400 through to sustained European contact in the mid-1800s. The findings document and temporally anchor collective action-based processes of landscape transformation, the development of a system of cyclical mass migration aimed at sustainable resource use, and the implementation of a novel dual-chiefdom political system. This demonstrates that new levels of political “complexity” manifest as patterns of shifting hierarchy and novel forms of political and ecological management, and can arise in relation to specific social and ecological challenges in systems of any size. The perpetuation and adaptation of aspects of these traditional institutions can help to maintain the sustainability of populations today in the face of climatic and social change.

The performance of the Trondheim 1 MV AMS system for Be measurements has been investigated. While the initial acceptance tests were done using the 1 + 1+ charge state, we concluded that the 2 + 2+ charge state offers superior measurement conditions. With this setting, the source-to-detector efficiency is 5.4 ± 0.2% and a Be/Be background level of 3.4 ± 0.8·10 was achieved. Standard samples (n = 14) with a high Be content of Be/Be = 2.7·10 could be reproduced to a 0.4% precision, leaving counting statistics as the limiting uncertainty for most samples. The accuracy of the system was also tested using 5 secondary standards of different Be content. The results corroborate the precision achieved with the standard sample and demonstrate the accuracy of the system.

This thesis is focused on the battery management system for Formula Student monopost.Part of the work is the design and implementation of this monitoring system’s hardware and firmware.The system uses a distributed topology and is divided into a master board and slave boards. Masterboard design and the selection of suitable components are described. Furthermore, slave boards aredesigned, and the fundamentals of battery voltage and temperature measuring are explained. Allsystems must comply with the rules of the Formula Student.

International audience; We discuss the origin of the anti-helium-3 and -4 events possibly detected by AMS-02. Using up-to-date semi-analytical tools, we show that spallation from primary hydrogen and helium nuclei onto the ISM predicts a anti-helium-3 flux typically one to two orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of AMS-02 after 5 years, and a anti-helium-4 flux roughly 5 orders of magnitude below the AMS-02 sensitivity. We argue that dark matter annihilations face similar difficulties in explaining this event. We then entertain the possibility that these events originate from anti-matter-dominated regions in the form of anti-clouds or anti-stars. In the case of anti-clouds, we show how the isotopic ratio of anti-helium nuclei might suggest that BBN has happened in an inhomogeneous manner, resulting in anti-regions with a anti-baryon-to-photon ratio of one in a thousand of the baryon-to-photon ratio. We discuss properties of these regions, as well as relevant constraints on the presence of anti-clouds in our Galaxy. We present constraints from the survival of anti-clouds in the Milky-Way and in the early Universe, as well as from gamma-ray observations. In particular, these require the anti-clouds to be almost free of normal matter. We also discuss an alternative where anti-domains are dominated by surviving anti-stars. We suggest that part of the unindentified sources in the 3FGL catalog can originate from anti-clouds or anti-stars. AMS-02 and GAPS data could further probe this scenario.

Background: Promoting evidence-based antibiotic prescribing through successful antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes is critical to preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics for common infections in primary care. This requires a coordinated multidisciplinary effort. Such pharmacist–prescriber partnerships have been effective in high-income countries (HICs). Yet, evidence generated in such countries is not always applicable because of different social determinants of health. Methods: A multidisciplinary workshop was conducted with pharmacists and clinicians (doctors, nurses) on community-based antibiotic stewardship, the purpose of which was to explore how and where such partnerships might work in publicly funded primary care clinics in the greater Cape Metro region. Results: Participants perceived that promoting effective AMS was a priority for South African primary healthcare. However, it was clear that there are many hurdles to overcome working in settings that are relatively resource-poor. Prescribing guidelines needed to be harmonised. Participants felt that staff training on the principles of AMS should be mandatory. Research was urgently needed to better understand their community’s understanding of antibiotic use and AMS, and to champion outreach projects in the community. Conclusion: Important stakeholder perspectives in the community were highlighted to promote a multidisciplinary approach to AMS initiatives in primary care. These will need to be addressed to optimise antibiotic prescribing in the community.

Choroszewicz Paweł, Dobosiewicz Anna Maria, Badiuk Nataliia. Acetazolamide in prevention of altitude disease. Pedagogy and Psychology of Sport. 2020;6(2):95-103. elSSN 2450-6605. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/PPS.2020.06.02.009 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/PPS/article/view/PPS.2020.06.02.009 https://zenodo.org/record/3862903 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2020. Revised: 16.05.2020. Accepted: 28.05.2020. Acetazolamide in prevention of altitude disease 1Paweł Choroszewicz, 1Anna Maria Dobosiewicz, 2Nataliia Badiuk 1Scientific Circle of Exercise Physiology at Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics. Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus Univeristy in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland 2State Enterprise Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport of Ukrainian Ministry of Health Care", Odesa, Ukraine Abstract Mountain climbing is associated with many risky, life-threatening situations. One of the most common attacking diseases at altitudes above 2500 m is altitude disease (HAI). This disease consists of: acute alpine disease, cerebral oedema and pulmonary oedema at altitude. The best way to prevent altitude diseases is by means of alcomatisation and slow increase in altitude. Climbers should follow the principle "climb high, sleep low". Sometimes, however, time or inability to descend do not allow for acclimatization. In such conditions, it is necessary to use pharmaceuticals that prevent the occurrence of an illness of altitude. The following article discusses research on the most commonly used drug in the prevention of acute mountain disease - acetazolamide. This drug was first used in the 60s of the XX century, demonstrating its effectiveness in the prevention of mountain disease. Since then, it has been the subject of many studies. Key words: HAPE; HACE; AMS; acetazolamide

The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), off the south-western African coast, is one of the four major eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems in the oceans. However, this area has been overlooked in the field of environmental radioactivity. In this work, 236U and 237Np were collected off the coast of Namibia within the northern BUS. Surface seawater exhibited similar 236U and 237Np concentrations, ranging from 3.9·106 to 5.6·106 atoms kg−1 and from 4.6·106 to 8.5·106 atoms kg−1, respectively. The observed inventories in a water column from the continental margin, of (2.10 ± 0.11)·1012 atoms m−2 for 236U and (3.48 ± 0.13)·1012 atoms m−2 for 237Np, were in agreement with the global fallout (GF) source term in the Southern Hemisphere that was the main source of actinides to the region. A pattern was observed in the surface samples, with 237Np concentrations that decreased by 25–30% when moving from inshore to offshore stations, but such an effect could not be clearly discerned in the case of 236U within the data uncertainties. An explanation based on the larger particle reactivity of GF 237Np compared to GF 236U was proposed. Such an effect would have been important at the studied site due to the enhance presence of particles in the continental shelf triggered by the upwelling phenomenon. A value of 1.77 ± 0.20 was obtained for the 237Np/236U atom ratio for the GF source term in the marine environment., This work has been financed with the projects FIS2015-69673-P and PGC2018-094546-B-I00, provided by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), and has been partially funded by Fundación Cámara Sevilla through a Grant for Graduate Studies. The IAEA is grateful to the Government of the Principality of Monaco for the support provided to its Environment Laboratories. We are thankful to the Namibian Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) for its support.

Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field of characteristic zero and let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a non-zero finite-dimensional split semisimple Lie algebra with root system $��$. Let $��$ be a finite set of integral weights of $\mathfrak{g}$ containing $��$ and $\{0\}$. Following [2,10], we say that a Lie algebra $L$ over $\mathbb{F}$ is \emph{generalized root graded}, or more exactly $(��,\mathfrak{g})$-\emph{graded}, if $L$ contains a semisimple subalgebra isomorphic to $\mathfrak{g}$, the $\mathfrak{g}$-module $L$ is the direct sum of its weight subspaces $L_��$ ($��\in��$) and $L$ is generated by all $L_��$ with $��\ne0$ as a Lie algebra. Let $\mathfrak{g}\cong sl_{n}$ and \[ ��_n = \{0,\pm\varepsilon_i \pm\varepsilon_j, \pm\varepsilon_i, \pm2\varepsilon_i \mid1 \leq i \neq j \leq n\} \] where $\{\varepsilon_1, \dots, \varepsilon_n\}$ is the set of weights of the natural $sl_{n}$-module. In [9], we classify $(��_{n},sl_{n})$-graded Lie algebras for $n>4$. In this paper we describe the multiplicative structures and the coordinate algebras of $(��_{n},sl_{n})$-graded Lie algebras $(n=3,4)$. In $n=3$, we assume that \[ [V(2��_{1})\otimes C,V(2��_{1})\otimes C]=[V(2��_{2})\otimes C',V(2��_{2})\otimes C']=0 \] where $V(��)$ is the simple $\mathfrak{g}$-module of highest weight $��$, $C={\rm Hom_{\mathfrak{g}}}(V(2��_{1}),L)$ and $C'={\rm Hom_{\mathfrak{g}}}(V(2��_{2}),L)$ .

Most of the anthropogenic radionuclide 129I released to the marine environment from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plants (NFRP) at Sellafield (England) and La Hague (France) is transported to the Arctic Ocean via the North Atlantic Current and the Norwegian Coastal Current. 129I concentrations in seawater provides a powerful and well-established radiotracer technique to provide information about the mechanisms which govern water mass transport in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean and is gaining importance when coupled with other tracers (e.g. CFC, 236U). In this work, 129I concentrations in surface and depth profiles from the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic (NA) Ocean collected from four different cruises between 2011 and 2012 are presented. This work allowed us to i) update information on 129I concentrations in these areas, required for the accurate use of 129I as a tracer of water masses; and ii) investigate the formation of deep water currents in the eastern part of the Nordic Seas, by the analysis of 129I concentrations and temperature-salinity (T-S) diagrams from locations within the Greenland Sea Gyre. In the Nordic Seas, 129I concentrations in seawater are of the order of 109 at·kg− 1, one or two orders of magnitude higher than those measured at the NA Ocean, not so importantly affected by the releases from the NFRP. 129I concentrations of the order of 108 atoms·kg− 1 at the Ellet Line and the PAP suggest a direct contribution from the NFRP in the NA Ocean. An increase in the concentrations in the Nordic Seas between 2002 and 2012 has been detected, which agrees with the temporal evolution of the 129I liquid discharges from the NFRPs in years prior to this. Finally, 129I profile concentrations, 129I inventories and T-S diagrams suggest that deep water formation occurred in the easternmost area of the Nordic Seas during 2012., This work has been partially financed by the project FIS2015-69673-P by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.

Pulsars, and more precisely their wind nebulae, are perhaps the most likely astrophysical sources of high-energy cosmic-ray electrons and especially positrons, and in particular of the excess positronic component above ∼20 GeV measured by PAMELA, Fermi-LAT and AMS-02. While e ± pairs are created in pulsar magnetospheres, their acceleration to relevant cosmic-ray energies likely occurs at the pulsar wind termination shock, and they are subsequently confined in the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) until late stages of its evolution. We discuss the implications of radiative and adiabatic energy losses for the likely contributions of different stages of PWN evolution to the observed cosmic-ray e ± spectrum, and highlight the plausibly dominant contribution of late, subsonic expansion and especially bow-shock PWN phases. The most recently opened observational window on PWNe, with implications for accelerated e ± in the relevant energy range, is the domain of TeV γ-rays. I review the properties of the population of PWNe revealed in this energy domain, in particular by the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes and its Galactic Plane Survey, and discuss the constraints which these place on the evolution of middle-aged PWNe. Finally, I briefly review the possibility of hadron acceleration in PWNe, and discuss theoretical and observational constraints which limit a plausible major contribution of these objects to the bulk of the (hadronic) Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum.

International environmental agreements have led to the need to reduce methane emission by dairy cows. Reduction could be achieved through selective breeding. The aim of this study was to quantify the genetic variation of methane emission by Dutch Holstein Friesian cows measured using infrared sensors installed in automatic milking systems (AMS). Measurements of CH 4 and CO 2 on 1,508 Dutch Holstein Friesian cows located on 11 commercial dairy farms were available. Phenotypes per AMS visit were the mean of CH 4 , mean of CO 2 , mean of CH 4 divided by mean of CO 2 , and their log 10 -transformations. The repeatabilities of the log 10 -transformated methane phenotypes were 0.27 for CH 4 , 0.31 for CO 2 , and 0.14 for the ratio. The log 10 -transformated heritabilities of these phenotypes were 0.11 for CH 4 , 0.12 for CO 2 , and 0.03 for the ratio. These results indicate that measurements taken using infrared sensors in AMS are repeatable and heritable and, thus, could be used for selection for lower CH 4 emission. Furthermore, it is important to account for farm, AMS, day of measurement, time of day, and lactation stage when estimating genetic parameters for methane phenotypes. Selection based on log 10 -transformated CH 4 instead of the ratio would be expected to give a greater reduction of CH 4 emission by dairy cows.

ObjectiveAntimicrobial stewardship (AMS) significantly reduces inappropriate antibiotic use and improves patient outcomes. In low-resource settings, AMS implementation may require concurrent strengthening of clinical microbiology capacity therefore additional investments. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of implementing AMS at Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital (TASH), a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia.DesignWe developed a Markov cohort model to assess the cost–utility of pharmacist-led AMS with concurrent strengthening of laboratory capacity compared with usual care from a ‘restricted societal’ perspective. We used a lifetime time horizon and discounted health outcomes and cost at 3% annually. Data were extracted from a prospective study of bloodstream infections among patients hospitalised at TASH, supplemented by published literature. We assessed parameter uncertainty using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.SettingTertiary care hospital in Ethiopia, with 800 beds and serves over half a million patients per year.PopulationCohort of adults and children inpatient population aged 19.8 years at baseline.InterventionLaboratory-supported pharmacist-led AMS compared with usual care. Usual care is defined as empirical initiation of antibiotic therapy in the absence of strong laboratory and AMS.Outcome measuresExpected life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs (US$2018) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.ResultsLaboratory-supported AMS strategy dominated usual care, that is, AMS was associated with an expected incremental gain of 38.8 QALYs at lower expected cost (incremental cost savings:US$82 370) per 1000 patients compared with usual care. Findings were sensitive to medication cost, infection-associated mortality and AMS-associated mortality reduction. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that AMS programme was likely to be cost-effective at 100% of the simulation compared with usual care at 1%–51% of gross domestic product/capita.ConclusionOur study indicates that laboratory-supported pharmacist-led AMS can result in improved health outcomes and substantial healthcare cost savings, demonstrating its economic advantage in a tertiary care hospital despite greater upfront investments in a low-resource setting.

This GGR biennial critical review covers developments and innovations in key analytical methods published since January 2014, relevant to the chemical, isotopic and crystallographic characterisation of geological and environmental materials. In nine selected analytical fields, publications considered to be of wide significance are summarised, background information is provided and their importance evaluated. In addition to instrumental technologies, this review also presents a summary of new developments in the preparation and characterisation of rock, microanalytical and isotopic reference materials, including a précis of recent changes and revisions to ISO guidelines for reference material characterisation and reporting. Selected reports are provided of isotope ratio analyses by both solution-nebulisation MC-ICP-MS and laser ablation-ICP-MS, as well as of radioactive isotope geochronology by LA-ICP-MS. Most of the analytical techniques elaborated continue to provide new applications for geochemical analysis, however it is noted that instrumental neutron activation analysis has become less popular in recent years, mostly due to the reduced availability of nuclear reactors to act as a neutron source. Many of the newer applications reported here provide analysis at increasingly finer resolution. Examples include atom probe tomography, a very sensitive method providing atomic scale information, nanoscale SIMS, for isotopic imaging of geological and biological samples, and micro-XRF, which has a spatial resolution many orders of magnitude smaller than conventional XRF.

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a high energy physics experiment operating aboard the International Space Station (ISS) since May 2011. So far more than 100 billion of charged cosmic ray events have been collected by AMS. The AMS silicon tracker, together with the magnet, measures the rigidity (momentum/charge) of cosmic rays in the range from ∼ 0 . 5 GV to several TV. To accurately determine the trajectory of charged particles, a novel tracker position reconstruction method has been developed. In the paper, the details of the method and the obtained tracker spatial resolution for nuclei with charge 2 ≤ Z ≤ 26 are presented.

In the post-cloud era, edge computing is a new computing paradigm with data processed at the edge of the network, which can process the data close to the end-user in real time and offload the cloud task intelligently. Meanwhile, the decentralization, tamper-proof and anonymity of blockchain technology can provide a new trusted computing environment for edge computing. However, it does raise considerable concerns of security, privacy, fault-tolerance and so on. For example, identity authentication and access control rely on third parties, heterogeneous devices and different vendors in IoT, leading to security and privacy risks, etc. How to combine the advantages of the two has become the highlight of academic research, especially the issue of secure resource management. Comprehensive security and privacy involve all aspects of platform, data, application and access control. In. this paper, the architecture and behavior of an Access Management System (AMS) in a proof of concept (PoC) prototype are proposed with a Color Petri Net (CPN) model. The two domains of blockchain and edge computing are organically connected by interfaces and interactions. The simulation of operation, activity and role association proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the AMS. The instances of platform business access control, data access control, database services, IOT hub service are run on Advantech WISE-PaaS through User Account and Authentication (UAA). Finally, fine-grained and distributed access control can be realized with the help of a blockchain attribute. Namely, smart contracts are used to register, broadcast, and revoke access authorization, as well as to create specific transactions to define access control policies.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of combining the conservatively behaving anthropogenic radionuclides 236U and 237Np to gain information on the origin of water masses tagged with liquid effluents from Nuclear Reprocessing Plants. This work includes samples collected from three full-depth water columns in two areas: i) the Arctic Ocean, where Atlantic waters carry the signal of Sellafield (United Kingdom) and La Hague (France) nuclear reprocessing facilities; and ii) the western Mediterranean Sea, directly impacted by Marcoule reprocessing plant (France). This work is complemented by the study of the particle-reactive Pu isotopes as an additional fingerprint of the source region. In the Canada Basin, Atlantic waters showed the highest concentrations and 237Np/236U ratios in agreement with the estimated values for North Atlantic waters entering the Arctic Ocean and tagged with the signal of European Nuclear Reprocessing Plants. These results may reflect the impact of the documented releases for the 1990s. In the Mediterranean Sea, an excess of 236U presumably caused by Marcoule is reflected in the lower 237Np/236U ratios compared to the Global Fallout signal in all the studied samples. On the contrary, the 239,240Pu profiles were mainly governed by the Global Fallout. The impact of Marcoule as a local source is further corroborated when comparing the temporal evolution of these ratios between 2001 and 2013. The lowest 237Np/236U ratios observed in 2001 at the surface reflect a previous local input that is no longer observed in 2013 as it had been homogenized through the whole water column. This work presents the use of 237Np as a new ocean tracer. A more accurate characterization of the main sources is still needed to optimize the use of 236U-237Np as a new tool to understand transient oceanographic processes., This work has been financed from the projects FIS2015-69673-P and PGC2018-094546-B-I00, provided by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) and by the U.S. National Science Foundation through award OCE 1439319. This work was partially funded by Fundación Cámara Sevilla through a Grant for Graduate Studies. The IAEA is grateful to the Government of the Principality of Monaco for the support provided to its Environment Laboratories.

The vast majority of radiocarbon measurement results (C-14/C-12 isotopic ratios or sample activities) are corrected for isotopic fractionation processes (measured as C-13/C-12 isotopic ratios) that occur in nature, in sample preparation and measurement. In 1954 Harmon Craig suggested a value of 2.0 for the fractionation ratio b that is used to correct C-14/C-12 ratios for shifts in the C-13/C-12 ratios and this value has been applied by the radiocarbon community ever since. While theoretical considerations suggest moderate deviations of b from 2.0, some measurements have suggested larger differences (e.g. b = 2.3, measured by Saliege and Fontes in 1984). With the high precision attained in radiocarbon measurements today (+/- 2%), even a relatively small deviation of b from 2.0 can impact the accuracy of radiocarbon data, and it is, therefore, of interest to re-evaluate the fractionation corrections. In the present study, the fractionation ratio b was determined by independent experiments on the chemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to elemental carbon (graphitization reaction) and on the photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by C-3 and C-4 plants. The results yielded b = 1.882 +/- 0.019 for the reduction of CO2 to solid graphite and b = 1.953 +/- 0.025 for the weighted mean of measurements involving C-3 and C-4 photosynthesis pathways. In addition, the analysis of over 9600 full-sized OX-I and OX-II normalizing standards measured between 2002 and 2012 confirms b values lower than 2.0. The obtained values are in good agreement with quantum mechanical estimates of the equilibrium fractionation and classic kinetic fractionation as well as with results from other light three-isotope systems (oxygen, magnesium, silicon and sulfur). While the value of the fractionation ratio varies with the relative importance of kinetic and equilibrium fractionation, the values obtained in the present study cluster around b = 1.9. Our findings suggest that a significant fraction of all samples ("unknowns") would be shifted by 2% (16 radiocarbon years) or more due to this effect: for example, for b = 1.882, between 16.8% and 25.9% of almost 60,000 radiocarbon values measured at the Keck Carbon Cycle AMS facility between 2002 and 2012 would be affected. The implications for radiocarbon dating and its accuracy are discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

International audience; Magma transfer between lower and upper continental crust is a fundamental process linking the dominantly mafic composition of the lower crust with the more felsic composition of the upper crust. We explore the mechanisms of mafic magma ascent and emplacement in the middle crust by studying a mid-crustal gabbroic to dioritic magmatic system (Sondalo complex, Eastern Central Alps, N Italy). We characterize the structure and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) fabric of concentric gabbroic to dioritic intrusions. The significance of AMS fabrics is discussed using Anisotropy of Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (AARM) and Crystallographic Preferred Orientation (CPO) data acquired on different test sites. The magmatic and magnetic fabrics of the pluton were acquired during its emplacement in the Permian and were not subsequently tilted: the fabrics are essentially vertical, indicating vertical magma transfer through the crust with a two-phase intrusion history. (1) The concordant orientation between the magmatic foliation and the host-rock xenoliths in the center of the pluton suggest that the first magma ascent phase occurred along pathways subparallel to the vertical fabric of the host metasedimentary rocks. (2) The second magma ascent phase was controlled by a change in the rheology of the host-rock and the mafic magma. Heat dissipation to the contact aureole induced partial melting, thereby lowering the mechanical strength of the host-rocks, whereas the viscosity of the mafic magma increased due to cooling and associated fractional crystallization. This caused an en-masse rise of the pluton resulting in the formation of a structural aureole, i.e. a vertical foliation in the contact aureole and a weaker but concordant magmatic foliation at the rim of the pluton. This ascent phase accounts for the P−T evolution recorded by metasedimentary rocks in the contact aureole of the pluton.

The Amazon region holds a wide variety of ethnic groups and microclimates, enabling different interactions between humans and environment. To better understand the evolution of this region, ancient remains need to be analysed by all possible means. In this context, the study of natural and/or anthropogenic fires through the analysis of carbonized remains can give information on past climate, species diversity, and human intervention in forests and landscapes. In the present work, we undertook an anthracological analysis along with the 14C dating of charcoal fragments using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Charcoal samples from forest soils collected from seven different locations in the Amazon Basin were taxonomically classified and dated. Out of the 16 groups of charcoal fragments identified, five contained more than one taxonomic type, with the Fabaceae, Combretaceae and Sapotaceae families having the highest frequencies. 14C charcoal dates span ∼6000 years (from 6876 to 365 yr BP) among different families, with the most significant variation observed for two fragments from the same sampling location (spanning 4000 14C yr). Some sample sets resulted in up to five different families. These findings demonstrate the importance of the association between anthracological identification and radiocarbon dating in the reconstruction of paleo-forest composition and fire history.