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This thesis explores three issues in the prose *Gereint vab Erbin* to argue that the text has roots in the culture, politics, and rhetoric of the Welsh narrative tradition. The text is placed in its Welsh contexts, historical and literary, and interpretations are considered. Without reference to the French "romance” tradition, a purposeful “native tale” can be discerned. There are three substantive chapters, which address the following: an examination of the deployment of the rhetorical figure of *rhethreg*; an exposure of the persistent use of the issue of advice in the narrative; a consideration of the problem of the anger of Gereint. It contains a total of five chapters: an introduction, including a survey of relevant scholarship; a chapter on the rhetorical figure of *rhethreg* in *Gereint* and compares it to *Breudwyt Rhonabwy* (the other Welsh prose narrative that engages a significant percentage of the rhetorical figure); a chapter on advice in the tale in question; a chapter on the anger of Gereint; a conclusion. In the chapters concerning advice and anger, there is a chronological *explication de texte* that exposes the persistent, purposeful, and intertwined uses of the three issues addressed in the present work. There are two appendices which compare the distribution of *rhethreg* across *Gereint vab Erbin* and *Breudwyt Rhonabwy*.

In this paper the Judicial Commission provides general guidance for interpreting the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and specific assistance to authors, reviewers and editors of a Request for an Opinion, or of other suggestions related to the ICNP. The role of the Judicial Commission is recapitulated, particularly with respect to the processing of such Requests. Selected kinds of nomenclature-related proposals are discussed that are unsuitable as the basis for a Request. Particular emphasis is put on Requests for placing names or epithets on the list of nomina rejicienda, and a dichotomous identification key is provided to guide potential authors of a Request that targets the name of a species or subspecies because of issues with its type strain. To this end, the criteria for the valid publication of such names under the ICNP are revisited. Aspects of other kinds of Requests are also addressed. The study is based on a comprehensive review of all Judicial Opinions issued since the publication of the Approved Lists in 1980. One goal of this paper is to assist potential authors in deciding whether their concern should be the subject of a Request, and if so, in composing it with the greatest chance of success. It is also clarified how to obtain additional help regarding nomenclature-related issues.

Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre, au moyen d’une analyse détaillée centrée sur les processus d’interaction verbale, les formes de discours au moyen desquelles sont accomplies les activités de conseil dans les entretiens de parents en contexte préscolaire. À partir d’une démarche d’analyse du travail d’inspiration interactionnelle et d’enregistrements audio-vidéo effectués dans deux institutions de la petite enfance du canton de Genève en Suisse, l’analyse du matériau empirique recueilli s’intéresse à l’organisation épistémique et relationnelle du conseil et les dynamiques de co-construction observables au moment de leur production. Une discussion conclusive met en perspective les résultats et les discute à la lumière d’enjeux pour la formation professionnelle des éducateurs de l’enfance. The aim of this article is to gain a better understanding of the forms of discourse through which counselling actions are carried out in pre-school parental interviews by means of a detailed analysis focusing on verbal interaction processes. Based on an interactional analysis of work and audio-video recordings collected in two early childhood facilities in the canton Geneva, Switzerland, the analysis of the empirical material collected focuses on the epistemic and relational organisation of counselling and the co-construction mechanisms observable at the time of their production. A concluding section discusses the results in the perspective of issues for the professional training of early childhood educators.

This study will use data from the game show "Alle mot 1" ("All against 1") on the Norwegian public broadcaster NRK to analyze advice taking in a high stakes context. Participants in the game show answer a series of estimation questions involving tasks where it is usually not possible to know the answer in advance, and receive advice (estimates from friends, celebrities, or the average answer in their home town) at three self-chosen points in the game. This setting allows us to investigate advice taking using a continuous measure in a high-stakes context.

Seit Mai 2020 können Hersteller einen Antrag zur Aufnahme einer digitalen Gesundheitsanwendung (DiGA) in das Verzeichnis nach § 139e Fünftes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB V) beim für das Bewertungsverfahren zuständigen Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) stellen. Diesem neuen Antragsverfahren liegen spezifische Anforderungen und Bewertungsparameter zugrunde, zu denen sich herstellerseitig eine Vielzahl an Verfahrens- und wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen an das BfArM ergibt. Um diesem Bedarf Rechnung zu tragen, hat das BfArM seine etablierten Informations- und Beratungsangebote gezielt für diese neuen Fragestellungen erweitert. Welche dies bezogen auf DiGA im Einzelnen sind, wo entsprechende Informationen und Unterlagen zu finden sind und was diese jeweils auszeichnet, wird in diesem Beitrag dargelegt. Des Weiteren wird mit Blick auf die zwischen Mai 2020 und April 2021 durchgeführten Beratungsgespräche analysiert, welchen Einfluss diese auf das Ergebnis im jeweiligen Antragsverfahren zur Aufnahme in das DiGA-Verzeichnis haben. Dabei bestätigt sich, dass die frühzeitige Erörterung bewertungsrelevanter Parameter und die Berücksichtigung der Beratungsempfehlungen mit einem positiven Bewertungsergebnis korrelieren: Zu den im Verzeichnis gelisteten DiGA hatten 80 % der Hersteller zuvor eine Beratung durch das BfArM in Anspruch genommen. Die Quote zurückgezogener bzw. abgelehnter Anträge war dagegen deutlich höher, wenn Hersteller zuvor keine Beratung in Anspruch genommen hatten, gegenüber Herstellern, die im Vorfeld zentrale Aspekte mit dem BfArM diskutiert hatten (63 % vs. 35 %). Insgesamt profitieren alle Seiten von dem frühzeitigen, intensiven Austausch – letztendlich insbesondere die Patientinnen und Patienten durch einen unverzögerten Einzug von DiGA in die Regelversorgung aufgrund höherer Antragsqualität. Since May 2020, manufacturers have been able to submit an application to the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) for the inclusion of a digital health application (DiGA) in the directory pursuant to section 139e of the German Social Code Book V. This new application procedure is based on specific requirements and assessment parameters for which a large number of procedural and scientific questions arise on the side of the manufacturers. In order to meet this need, the BfArM has specifically expanded its established information and advisory services for these new questions. This article describes in detail what these are in relation to DiGA, where the corresponding information and documents can be found and what distinguishes them in each case. Furthermore, with a view to the counselling interviews conducted between May 2020 and April 2021, their influence on the outcome of the respective application procedure for inclusion in the DiGA directory is analysed. This confirms that the early discussion of parameters relevant to the evaluation and the consideration of the advisory recommendations correlate with a positive evaluation result. For the DiGA listed in the directory, 80% of the manufacturers had previously received advice from the BfArM. The rate of withdrawn or rejected applications, on the other hand, was significantly higher if manufacturers had not previously sought advice from the BfArM in advance compared to manufacturers who discussed key aspects (63% vs. 35%). Overall, all sides benefit from the early, intensive exchange – in the end especially the patients through introduction of DiGA into standard healthcare due to higher application quality without delay.

There is currently no treatment for early/intermediate Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) but Eye Care Professionals (ECPs) are recommended to advise patients about modifiable lifestyle factors, including dietary changes, that can slow disease progression. The aim of this review was to understand advice currently given to patients with AMD by ECPs and to evaluate evidence regarding patient compliance. A systematic review was conducted of literature published in electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PyscARTICLES, EMBASE, AMED. Methods followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020223724). Twenty-four reports were eligible for inclusion, 12 focused on ECP experience, 7 on patient experience, and 6 on impact of advice (one paper reported on the ECP and patient experience). Studies reported that a substantial proportion of patients did not recall receiving lifestyle modification advice from their ECP (57.95%, range 2–95% across patient based studies). Practitioners were most likely to provide advice about nutritional supplements (80%, range 67–93% across ECP studies), and least likely about smoking (44%, range 28–71% across ECP studies), however supplements advised did not always comply with evidence-based guidelines. The main reason for patients not following lifestyle advice was lack of provision by the ECP (54.5%, range 21–94% across studies on the impact of advice). The review highlighted a need for more studies to understand patient preferences for receiving advice and research on ECP perceived barriers to advice provision. S.D. is funded by The Macular Society

This project contains an experimental study of ethical advice-giving and -taking. Ethical in this context means (dis)honest behavior, and the advice-giving thus means advocating (dis)honest behavior. Advide-taking means altering one's behavior because of an advice. The dyadic die-roll set-up was altered to add an adviser player. In an behavioral and experimental economic context, the tendency towards giving (dis)honest advice is studied.

In three previous studies we studied people's trust in forecasting advice from different sources. We established that when offered advice by default, people don't differentially update their beliefs as a function of the source--human expert, algorithmic, or hybridized (a combination of both human and algorithmic) advice. Overall, they revise their forecasts only about 50% of the time, even though the advice would benefit accuracy on average (in each condition the advice was based on aggregate wisdom-of-crowds judgments). However, when asked to express an explicit preference, people prefer hybridized advice to both human and algorithmic advice across different subject domains (and in a direct comparison, prefer human or algorithmic advice depending on subject domain). In the third study, we also demonstrated that, when given a choice, people will choose hybridized advice more frequently than human or machine only advice, including in cases where viewing advice would be costly (their potential accuracy incentive bonus would be reduced). In the current study, we hypothesize that people will update more frequently when hybridized advice is available than when it is it not (instead only human or machine advice is available), and that the availability of hybrid advice will benefit accuracy.

This project contains an experimental study of ethical advice-giving and -taking. Ethical in this context means (dis)honest behavior, and the advice-giving thus means advocating (dis)honest behavior. The dyadic die-roll set-up was altered to add an adviser player. In an behavioral and experimental economic context, the tendency towards giving (dis)honest advice is studied.

This project contains an experimental study of ethical advice-giving and -taking. Ethical in this context means (dis)honest behavior, and the advice-giving thus means advocating (dis)honest behavior. The dyadic die-roll set-up was altered to add an adviser player. In an behavioral and experimental economic context, the tendency towards giving (dis)honest advice is studied.

This study is designed to explore the advice that third parties give to victims of relational wrongdoing. We are particularly interested in the extent to which they believe they would counsel the victim of an infidelity to get even.

A registration for a simple 2-group political scenario.

The article discusses a series of conceptual and practical aspects regarding the taxation of the income obtained from advisory activity in the field of information technology. Individuals who perform independent advisory activities in the field of information technology prefer the CAEN code 6202, which comprises the planning and designing of the computer systems that include hardware, software and communication technologies. The advisory services can also include the activity of training the users. Practical examples highlight the way to determine the filling and payment obligations of the taxpayers who perform such an activity as certified natural persons.

Introduction. Nurses’ entitlement to write prescriptions and to provide nursing advice in primary health care can improve the quality of these services. In the process of ensuring the quality of healthcare, the desirable element of its assessment is the patient’s perspective, taking into account his expectations. Aim. Determining the scope of expected nursing advice and learning the opinions of patients regarding the writing of prescriptions by family nurses. Material and methods. A qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured interview with 37 patients under the care of eight primary health care outpatient clinics from the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Results. The scope of advice expected from a family nurse concerns: dealing with a health problem, lifestyle and prevention, the scope of family nurse care and the operation of the healthcare system. Writing prescriptions by family nurses can improve the functioning of primary health care. Conclusions. Nursing advice perceived by patients is in line with the competences of the family nurse. Opinions on the entitlement of the family nurse to write prescriptions and prescribing medicines vary.

El problema que se pretende resolver en este texto es el aporte del diálogo filosófico como una aventura y experiencia que cura. El texto se justifica toda vez que ante una experiencia filosófica en la que las preguntas fundamentales parecen ser la fuente del quehacer filosófico, aparece el diálogo como una excelente oportunidad de transformar la existencia y curar los males que aquejan al hombre postmoderno. El objetivo del texto se enmarca en la experiencia vital del filósofo que se ha dedicado toda su vida a dar respuesta a inquietudes existenciales pero que en los actuales momentos le apuesta al diálogo como la mejor manera de curar los males que nos aquejan. La experiencia curativa desde el filosofar transforma al ser humano y lo prepara para enfrentar las grandes problemáticas de su quehacer cotidiano. La metodología utilizada fue de enfoque descriptivo en la que las fuentes permitieron acercarse a la argumentación dialógica del filosofar. La experiencia íntima de la filosofía se da gracias al diálogo filosófico que, más que método, es una experiencia que posibilita la relación conmigo mismo, con los otros y con las cosas a través de la palabra, la razón y la sensación que surge en el devenir mismo del diálogo; esto es lo que lleva a entender el diálogo como una experiencia que cura y transforma. Por medio del diálogo filosófico, se logra un autoconocimiento que tiene el poder de curar, sanar, reparar y transformar a la persona humana, al “hombre de carne y hueso”.//The problem to be solved in this text is the contribution of philosophical dialogue as an adventure and experience that heals. The text is justified every time that in the face of a philosophical experience in which fundamental questions seem to be the source of philosophical work, dialogue appears as an excellent opportunity to transform existence and cure the ills that afflict postmodern man. The objective of the text is framed in the life experience of the philosopher who has dedicated his entire life to answering existential concerns but who at present is betting on dialogue as the best way to cure the ills that afflict us. The curative experience from philosophizing transforms the human being and prepares him to face the great problems of his daily work. The used methodology was of descriptive approach in which the sources allowed to approach the dialogical argumentation of philosophizing. The intimate experience of philosophy occurs thanks to the philosophical dialogue that, more than a method, is an experience that enables the relationship with myself, with others and with things through the word, reason and feeling that arises in the becoming of dialogue itself; this is what leads us to understand dialogue as an experience that heals and transforms. Through philosophical dialogue, self-knowledge is achieved that has the power to heal, heal, repair and transform the human person, the “man of flesh and blood.”

Expert advice is often biased in ways that benefit the advisor. We demonstrate how self-deception helps advisors be biased while preserving their self-image as ethical and identify limits to advisors' ability to self-deceive. In experiments where advisors recommend one of two investments to a client and receive a commission that depends on their recommendation, we vary the timing at which advisors learn about their own incentives. When advisors learn about their incentives before evaluating the available investments, they are more likely to be biased than when they learn about their incentives only after privately evaluating the investments. Consistent with self-deception, learning about the incentive before evaluating the options affects advisors' beliefs and preferences over the investments. Biased advice persists with minimal justifications but is eliminated when all justifications are removed. These findings show how self-deception can be constrained to improve advice provision.

The aim of this study is to elucidate the pragmatic and language specificity of advice as a suggestive component of Ukrainian meteorological discourse. The weather forecasts published on air of the radio station Kraina FM by Natalka Didenko were the observation material. The subject of the study is the communicative-pragmatic parameters of autumn and winter advice of the weather forecaster. Advice in meteorological discourse is implemented in several pragmatic variants: recommendation, warning, prohibition, proposal and appeal. Every type is aimed at preserving life and health of the population, rational organization of work, everyday routine and rest, consolidation of the population with regard to national and universal human values. Within the limits of advice professional and “non-professional” advice are distinguished, which implemented professional and “nonprofessional” intentions of the weather forecaster. Serious and humorous advice of a proactive nature has been noticed. Means of expression are imperatives, indicatives, modal and negative constructions. There is an integration of publicistic, scientific, colloquial and belles-letters styles in the meteorological advice that provide its necessary suggestiveness.

This research was funded by Grant ES/M003825/1 from the Economic and Social Research Council of the United Kingdom for the project ‘An ethnography of advice: Between market, society and the declining welfare state’, which I gratefully acknowledge. Amid austerity policies that have retracted welfare programs and have affected the livelihood of people in Spain, this paper describes how various local practices of care among members of the PAH (Platform for People Affected by Mortgages) work to recuperate social relations morally and practically. I seek to understand the relationship between people’s perceptions of social justice and notions of fairness on the one hand and ideas about deservingness on the other. I am interested in exploring who gets to choose and allocate, and how people in the PAH use the collective notion of care to justify their choice. What are the moral conflicts that people experience while judging and constructing the figure of the deserving versus the undeserving framed within a collective struggle for social justice? I analyse the conundrums of a movement that struggles to find a balance between individual judgments and the collective good; I aim to show the dilemmas and contradictions of the struggle for social justice. Publisher PDF

Maqolada talabalarda muomala madaniyati va muloqot qoidalarini shakllantirish orqali pedagogik kasbiy kompetentlikka erishish tamoyillari, usullari va pedagogik shart-sharoitlari to���g���risida fikr yuritilib, tavsiyalar berilgan., The article discusses the principles, methods and pedagogical conditions for students to achieve pedagogical professional competence through the formation of a culture of behavior and rules of communication.

This article examines two genres of the verbal art of the Toba / Qom people (Guaycuruan, Gran Chaco region, Argentina): advice (nqataGak) and prayer (natamnaGak), which are characterized by a special use of lexical and morphosyntactic features to express emotion and encode interpersonal relationships. From the perspective of ethnopoetics and the ethnography of performance, the research also draws on the contributions of the anthropology of emotions, with a focus on the role of language and communication in the expression of emotion. In this way, it seeks to contribute to the study of verbal art of the indigenous peoples of the Gran Chaco in an approach that integrates the study of linguistic features with the ethnographic dimension. En trabajo examina dos géneros del arte verbal del pueblo toba/qom(Guaycurú, región del Gran Chaco, Argentina): el consejo (nqataGak) y la rogativa (natamnaGak) que se caracterizan por un uso especial de recursos léxicos y gramaticales para expresar emoción y codificar relaciones interpersonales entre el emisor y el destinatario. Desde la perspectiva de la etnopoética y la etnografía de la performance, la investigación se nutre también de los aportes de la antropología de las emociones, con foco en el rol del lenguaje y la comunicación en la expresión de la emoción. De este modo, busca contribuir al estudio del arte verbal de los pueblos indígenas del Gran Chaco mediante una aproximación que integra el estudio de los rasgos lingüísticos con la dimensión etnográfica.

This paper offers a typology of different groups of “experts” in relation to crisis. While decision-making and leadership are frequently analysed in crisis research, the role of experts who offer advice in crisis is widely underexplored in social scientific research. Based on qualitative interviews, we distinguish between the trouble shooter, the emergency expert, the situative expert, the accidental expert and the trusted advisor. Each of the respective types differs with respect to the specific contribution in dealing with crisis (in terms of expertise in or for crisis), the point in crisis when they are usually called for assistance, as well as their relationship to decision-makers. The proposed typology provides insights into the diversity of experts involved in crisis response and demonstrates the influence expert advisors have on decision-makers during, but also before and after a crisis.

Question: Does a program of exercise and structured advice implemented during the rehabilitation phase following a distal radial fracture achieve better recovery of upper limb activity than structured advice alone? Design: A phase I/II, multi-centre, randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: Thirty-three adults (25 female, mean age 54 years) following distal radial fracture managed in a cast. Intervention: The experimental intervention was a 6-week program of progressive exercise and structured advice implemented over three consultations by a physiotherapist. The control intervention was a program of structured advice only, delivered by a physiotherapist over three consultations. Outcome measures: The primary outcome was upper limb activity limitations, assessed by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome measure (QuickDASH). The secondary outcomes were wrist range of movement, grip strength and pain. All measures were completed at baseline (week 0), after the intervention (week 7) and at 6 months (week 24). Results: There were no significant between-group differences in upper limb activity as measured by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation at week 7 and week 24 assessments (mean difference –4 units, 95% CI –10 to 2; mean difference 0 units, 95% CI –3 to 3, respectively), or QuickDASH at week 7 and week 24 assessments (mean difference –5 units, 95% CI –16 to 6; mean difference 0.3 units, 95% CI –6 to 7, respectively). The secondary outcomes did not demonstrate any significant between-group effects. Conclusion: The prescription of exercise in addition to a structured advice program over three physiotherapy consultations may convey no extra benefit following distal radial fracture managed in a cast. Trial registration: ACTRN12612000118808. [Bruder AM, Shields N, Dodd KJ, Hau R, Taylor NF (2016) A progressive exercise and structured advice program does not improve activity more than structured advice alone following a distal radial fracture: a multi-centre, randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 62: 145-152]

Research on policy-advisory systems worldwide has shown that historically dominant sources of advice traditionally located in-house to the government have been increasingly supplemented by other actors and outside knowledge. However, the vast majority of research has concentrated on the anglophone context. Yet, countries with a consensus-seeking, neo-corporatist tradition provide a special case in terms of policy advice and merit more scholarly attention. What counts as evidence in these countries is the expert rationality of institutional representatives. The position and role of academic research in consensus-based systems is unclear, and is the focus of this article. Can we observe commonalities across consensus-style countries, or do differences prevail? We investigate two typical consensus-seeking countries: Belgium and Germany. To examine the supply side of policy advice, the article reviews current evidence regarding their policy-advisory systems. For the demand side, we present insights from a survey among federal ministerial officials. We find common trends between the two cases but their nature and extent are idiosyncratic. In Belgium, the supply of and demand for academic policy advice is comparatively lower, while the German case exhibits more change in the advisory landscape and institutionalisation of the supply of and demand for academic research. Points for practitioners • Countries with a consensus-seeking, neo-corporatist tradition provide a special case in terms of policy advice. • The findings suggest that there are common trends but their nature and extent are idiosyncratic. • In Belgium, the supply of and demand for academic advice is comparatively lower. • Germany’s policy-advisory landscape exhibits more change and institutionalisation of the supply of and demand for academic research.

Social learning underpins our species's extraordinary success. Learning through observation has been investigated in several species, but learning from advice—where information is intentionally broadcast—is less understood. We used a pre-registered, online experiment ( n = 1492) combined with computational modelling to examine learning through observation and advice. Participants were more likely to immediately follow advice than to copy an observed choice, but this was dependent upon trust in the adviser: highly paranoid participants were less likely to follow advice in the short term. Reinforcement learning modelling revealed two distinct patterns regarding the long-term effects of social information: some individuals relied fully on social information, whereas others reverted to trial-and-error learning. This variation may affect the prevalence and fidelity of socially transmitted information. Our results highlight the privileged status of advice relative to observation and how the assimilation of intentionally broadcast information is affected by trust in others.

A Commentary on: 'Combining Ecosystem and Single-Species Modeling to Provide Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management Advice Within Current Management Systems' by Howell, D., Schueller, A. M., Bentley, J. W., Buchheister, A., Chagaris, D., Cieri, M., Drew, K., Lundy, M. G., Pedreschi, D., Reid, D. G., and Townsend, H. (2021). Front. Mar. Sci. 7:607831. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.607831

Background The impact of maternal obesity extends beyond birth, being independently associated with an increased risk of child obesity. Current evidence demonstrates that women provided with a dietary intervention during pregnancy improve their dietary quality and have a modest reduction in gestational weight gain. However, the effect of this on longer-term childhood obesity-related outcomes is unknown. Methods We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis from RCTs in which women with a singleton, live gestation between 10+0 and 20+0 weeks and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 in early pregnancy were randomised to a diet and/or lifestyle intervention or continued standard antenatal care and in which longer-term maternal and child follow-up at 3–5 years of age had been undertaken. The primary childhood outcome was BMI z-score above the 90th percentile. Secondary childhood outcomes included skinfold thickness measurements and body circumferences, fat-free mass, dietary and physical activity patterns, blood pressure, and neurodevelopment. Results Seven primary trials where follow-up of participants occurred were identified by a systematic literature search within the International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) Collaborative Group collaboration, with six providing individual participant data. No additional studies were identified after a systematic literature search. A total of 2529 children and 2383 women contributed data. Approximately 30% of all child participants had a BMI z-score above the 90th percentile, with no significant difference between the intervention and control groups (aRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.87, 1.08; p=0.610). There were no statistically significant differences identified for any of the secondary outcome measures. Conclusions In overweight and obese pregnant women, we found no evidence that maternal dietary and/or lifestyle intervention during pregnancy modifies the risk of early childhood obesity. Future research may need to target the pre-conception period in women and early childhood interventions. Trial registration PROSPERO, CRD42016047165

Introduction:the benefits of physical activity have been approved in oncology care. This is why healthcare professionals must play a principle role in promoting physical activity during all cancer care pathway. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare physicians' and nurses' knowledge and views toward physical activity advice in oncology care. Methods:this cross-sectional study included Moroccan physicians and nurses specialized in oncology. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. The inferential statistics were performed to find a difference between physicians' and nurses' knowledge and views. Results:questionnaires were returned by 154 healthcare professionals (response rate 48. 6%). The majority was informed about the physical activity benefits in oncology. The physicians seem to be more informed than nurses about physical activity benefits in oncology (Chi-squared test, p=0.016). The majority thought that physical activity is beneficial in post-treatment (59.7%), while 24% only granted these benefits in the palliative care. The Participants expressed positive views about physical activity in oncology, especially nurses who seem to agree the most with implementation of a physical activity program in the hospital (Mann-Withney, p=0.04). The majority of participants stated that there are some clinical factors related to the patient that constitute a barrier of physical activity advising. Conclusion:the lack of knowledge, self-declared by the majority of participants, underlines the need to strengthen training actions about physical activity advice in health professionals, especially nurses for people with cancer.

We study strategic communication between a customer and an advisor who is privately informed about the most suitable choice for the customer but whose preferences are misaligned with the customer’s preferences. The advisor sends a message to the customer who, in turn, can secure herself from bad advice by acquiring costly information on her own. In our experiments, we find that making the customer’s information acquisition less costly leads to less prosocial behavior of the advisor. This can be explained by a model of shared guilt, which predicts a shift in causal attribution of guilt from the advisor to the customer if the latter could have avoided her ex post disappointment. We conclude that providing better access to information through, for example, consumer protection regulation or digital information aggregation and dissemination, may have unintended negative consequences on peoples’ willingness to take responsibility for each other. Data files and the online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3101 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.

Question-answering systems like Watson beat humans when it comes to processing speed and memory. But what happens if we compensate for this? What are the fundamental differences in power between human and artificial agents in question answering? We explore this issue by defining new computational models for both agents and comparing their computational efficiency in interactive sessions. Concretely, human agents are modeled by means of cognitive automata, augmented with a form of background intelligence which gives the automata the possibility to query a given Turing machine and use the answers from one interaction to the next. On the other hand, artificial question-answering agents are modeled by QA-machines, which are Turing machines that can access a predefined, potentially infinite knowledge base (‘advice’) and have a bounded amount of learning space at their disposal. We show that cognitive automata and QA-machines have exactly the same potential in realizing question-answering sessions, provided the resource bounds in one model are sufficient to match the abilities of the other. In particular, polynomially bounded cognitive automata with background intelligence (i.e. human agents) prove to be equivalent to polynomially bounded QA-machines with logarithmic learning space. It generalizes Pippenger's theorem on the computational power of switching circuits (without background intelligence) to a foundational result for question answering in cognitive science. The framework reveals why QA-machines have a fundamental advantage.

Digitization is transforming the way in which people in England access advice and welfare benefits. Face-to-face advice provision is being increasingly replaced by telephone and online services, whilst the online application and management of benefit claims have become mandatory within the introduction of Universal Credit. This paper argues that the current shift to digitization fails to recognize the variation and complexity surrounding homeless people’s use of technology, with homeless people as technology users often placed into homogenizing categories. Based on findings from qualitative interviews and observations carried out with homeless people and voluntary sector organizations, this paper discusses the social and contextual factors affecting homeless people’s use of technology for advice and benefit purposes. The paper highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of homeless people’s use of technology.

The Hungarian inferential-evidential expression szerint 'according to somebody/something' is highly multifaceted. It can be furnished with person and number suffixes. It can occur in all major sentence types but with different person features and/or collocations. It can be associated with a quotative meaning and can express some kind of judgment in declarative sentences and questions, too. Imperative sentences can serve as a source of its further uses: it can be interpreted both as advice and as an expression of the speaker's firm stance typically based on moral concerns. We intend to account for this extremely complex distribution with respect to person, attitude, sentence type and collocation in a highly systematic and explanatorily adequate manner in the "cognitively viable" representationalist dynamic discourse- and mind-representation theory ReALIS. We attempt to carry out this task in a way that sheds new light on how such expressions make language a basic means of achieving epistemic control and intersubjective alignment.

This paper examines household debt in the United Kingdom, using the practices and organisation of the debt advice sector as a prism for understanding the changing role of debt in shaping the experience of poverty. Based upon fieldwork carried out with debt advisers within the Citizens Advice service, I explore how the mapping practices carried out by advisers reflect the varied connections between debtors and different creditors, as well as with significant others who become entangled in previous and ongoing money problems. In contrast to recent analyses of debt focusing on re-compositions of subjectivity through enfoldings of the temporal, I propose that the multiple connections with creditors, friends and family that constitute a debt problem suggest the need for a topological approach. Indeed, I argue that the specific form of interventions into debt sought and achieved by debt advisers need to be understood in these terms – as an attempt to disrupt and recompose these topologies. Taking into account the significant shift in the UK from consumer’ debts to ‘priority’ debts, the paper asks whether the UK debt advice sector can be seen as a challenge to the logic of ‘governing through debt’, or whether it serves to further the central role played by debt in the neoliberal re-structuring of the subject.

Authority is both a pragmatic condition of much public discourse and a form of argumentative appeal routinely used in it. The goal of this contribution is to propose a new account of challenging authority in argumentative discourse that benefits from the interplay of the resources of recent speech act theory and argumentation theory. Going beyond standard approaches of the two disciplines, the paper analyzes nuanced forms of establishing and, especially, challenging discourse-related authority. Can Donald Trump advise his own scientific advisors on potential COVID-19 treatments? Addressing questions like this, the paper identifies various paradoxes of authority and the forms of authority discussed in the literature. It then distinguishes between argument from authority (or expert opinion) and argument to authority (or expert opinion) and argues that this rearranged structure mutually benefits the pragmatic account of speech act theory and the schematic account of argumentation theory in the task of better understanding and critiquing discourses such as Trump’s.

As in any field, radiologists may face a number of challenges as they navigate their early careers. Because with experience comes wisdom, early-career radiologists may find helpful the advice and perspectives of mid- and late-career radiologists. The Society of Abdominal Radiology recognizes the value of this pool of knowledge and experience, prompting the establishment of the Early Career Committee. This group is designed to support early-career radiologists by sharing the experiences and insights of leaders in the field. In this series, the authors interview trailblazers Matthew S. Davenport, MD; Jonathan B. Kruskal, MD, PhD; Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS; David B. Larson, MD, MBA; and Desiree E. Morgan, MD. This perspective explores a wide range of subjects, including personal values in medicine, the role of teleradiology, diversity of backgrounds in radiology, how to navigate workplace conflict, and lifelong learning in medicine. Beyond conveying these pearls of wisdom, the aim of this perspective is to highlight for early-career radiologists the value that mid- and late-career mentors can provide in navigating careers in medicine.

Adolescents aspire for independence. Successful independence means knowing when to rely on one's own knowledge and when to listen to others. A critical prerequisite thus is a well‐developed metacognitive ability to accurately assess the quality of one's own knowledge. Little is known about whether the strive to become an independent decision maker in adolescence is underpinned by the necessary metacognitive skills. Here, we demonstrate that metacognition matures from childhood to adolescence (N = 107) and that this process coincides with greater independent decision‐making. We show that adolescents, in contrast to children, take on others’ advice less often, but only when the advice is misleading. Finally, we demonstrate that adolescents’ reduced reliance on others’ advice is explained by their increased metacognitive skills, suggesting that a developing ability to introspect may support independent decision‐making in adolescence., Moses‐Payne et al investigated how advice taking develops during childhood and adolescence, and how this is related to metacognition. Children, 8‐9 year olds (yo), and two groups of adolescents, 12‐13 year olds and 16‐17 year olds, took part in a metacognition and advice taking task. Both adolescent groups showed increased ability to identify when they were correct or incorrect (increased metacognitive efficiency, Panel A). The adolescent groups also showed a lower propensity to follow advice than children (Panel B). Importantly, adolescents were less likely to follow false advice but still followed helpful advice (Panel C). In this way, adolescents were more competent advice takers, and this was linked to their metacognitive abilities: resistance to false advice was driven by adolescents' increased metacognitive efficiency (Panel D). The adolescents utilized their new‐found metacognitive abilities to resist false advice from others when they knew they were correct, but still took helpful advice when they knew they were incorrect.

Background: Oral health is an essential aspect of overall health. A national epidemic of poor oral health outcomes exists among those living under poverty, the elderly and several minority groups. Tobacco use and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are preventable risk factors that contribute to poor oral health. Dental providers are considered a primary line of defense to deliver tobacco cessation and SSB consumption interventions. This study seeks to examine the prevalence and predictors of receiving such interventions in the dental setting in two counties in California’s Central Valley.Methods: Data for 419 participants used in this cross-sectional study were collected throughout Madera and Stanislaus counties. Sociodemographic and dental health characteristics were used to examine their effect on the receipt of advice about tobacco cessation and the consumption of SSBs by a dental provider. A series of logistic regression models were constructed to define what characteristics influenced the odds of receipt of advice in such setting.Results: Among the overall total of participants included in this analysis, 32% indicated the receipt of advice about tobacco cessation while 53% indicated the receipt of SSB advice by their dental health provider. Measures such as teeth appearance satisfaction, employment, and county of residence had significant effects on the odds of the receipt of tobacco cessation advice. While measures for perception of the importance of preventative visits to the dentist, dental appearance satisfaction, reason for dental visit, tooth flossing frequency, Denti-Cal insurance and being 65 years or older were significant in predicting the odds of receiving SSB consumption advice.Conclusion: There is a need of implementing system changes within the dental practice to ensure that all patients get tobacco and SSB related interventions.

L'adopció internacional ha passat a ocupar un lloc important en el nostre context social, polític i educatiu i, com a pedagogs experts en l'àmbit, volem reflexionar, entorn de la importància d'aquesta figura professional en els equips interdisciplinaris que treballen amb les famílies i la infància adoptada i entorn de la seva implicació en les diferents etapes del procés d'adopció. Per presentar aquest perfil professional fem un recorregut per les diferents funcions que desenvolupa, tant durant el període preadoptiu, com en el postadoptiu, destacant la formació a famílies i professionals, la seva participació en el procés de valoració dels sol·licitants d'adopció i la intervenció en els processos d'orientació i assessorament postadoptiu. La adopción internacional ha pasado a ocupar un sitio importante en nuestro contexto social, político y educativo y como pedagogos expertos en este ámbito, queremos reflexionar sobre la importancia de esta figura profesional en los equipos interdisciplinarios que trabajan con las familias y los niños adoptados, al igual que sobre su implicación en las diferentes etapas del proceso de adopción. Para presentar este perfil profesional hacemos un recorrido por las diferentes funciones que desarrollamos, tanto durante el periodo preadoptivo como en el postadoptivo, destacando la formación de familias y profesionales, la participación en el proceso de valoración de los solicitantes de adopción y la intervención en los procesos de orientación y asesoramiento postadoptivo. International adoption has become very significant in our social, political, and educational context, and we, as pedagogues with expertise in this field, want to reflect upon the importance of this professional figure in the interdisciplinary teams that work with families and adopted children, as well as their involvement in the different stages of the adoption process. To present this professional profile, we describe their different functions, both during the preadoption period and after the adoption, focusing on family and professional training, their participation in the assessment process of adoption applicants, and their intervention in post-adoption guidance and counselling processes.

Investors increasingly can obtain assistance from "robo-advisors," artificial intelligence - enabled digitalized service agents imbued with anthropomorphic design elements that can communicate using natural language. The present article considers the impact of anthropomorphized robo-advisors on investment decisions, with a focus on their ability to mitigate investors' behavioral biases. We study the well-documented disposition effect, which reflects investors' greater propensity to realize past gains than past losses. In two induced-value laboratory experiments, the availability of a robo-advisor reduces (i.e., mitigates) investors' disposition effect. This relationship is mediated by two simultaneous (indirect) effects: the extent of requests for the robo-advisor's investment advice and perceptions of its socialness. These findings resonate with cognitive dissonance theory, which predicts that assigning responsibility to the advisor helps investors resolve a sense of discomfort that may arise after a financial loss. Anthropomorphic design elements alone are not sufficient to reduce the disposition effect, but they decrease investors' propensity to seek advice, which offsets the positive (indirect) effect of perceived socialness. These results have implications for the ongoing automation of advisory services, as well as for improving decision making, and suggest some further research directions.

In this article some mistakes that we ought to keep distance from, and how to find out them, are penned. The only thing that is required is only reading closely and more carefully as it highly will help you achieve your goal in a short period and keep you from making these harmful mistakes

Статья посвящена анализу законодательства, регулирующего порядок принятия, оформления и исполнения решений, принимаемых совещательными органами при главе государства. Выявлены противоречия Федерального закона «О безопасности», касающиеся обязательности исполнения решений Совета Безопасности, который является совещательным органом, не имеющим права издавать нормативно-правовые акты. Это даёт основание полагать, что решения большинства совещательных органов, созданных при главе государства, не имеют юридической силы и не являются обязательными для исполнения. Тем не менее, они являются основой для принимаемых с целью реализации этих решений актов Президента РФ или, в отдельных случаях, актов иных органов власти Российской Федерации. Из всех актов Президента РФ, предусмотренных для принятия в целях реализации решений совещательных органов, традиционной формой являются поручения Президента РФ, содержащиеся, как правило, в перечнях поручений. Кроме того, в статье затронут вопрос, касающийся порядка публикации решений, принятых совещательными органами, а также определены способы придания обязательного характера и юридической силы решениям Советов при Президенте Российской Федерации. Сделан вывод о том, что решения совещательных органов, несмотря на то, что носят преимущественно рекомендательный характер, имеют огромное значение для развития законодательства Российской Федерации., The article is devoted to the analysis of the legislation governing the procedure for making, formalizing and executing decisions taken by the advisory bodies under the head of state. The contradictions of the Federal Law «On Security» were revealed concerning the obligatory execution of decisions of the Security Council, which is an advisory body that does not have the right to issue normative legal acts. This gives reason to believe that the decisions of the majority of the advisory bodies created under the head of state have no legal force and are not binding. Nevertheless, they are the basis for the acts of the President of the Russian Federation or, in some cases, acts of other authorities of the Russian Federation adopted to implement these decisions. Of all the acts of the President of the Russian Federation envisaged for adoption in order to implement the decisions of advisory bodies, the traditional form is the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation, which, as a rule, are contained in the lists of instructions. In addition, the article touches on the issue of the procedure for publishing decisions taken by advisory bodies, and also identifies ways of making the decisions of the Councils under the President of the Russian Federation binding and legal. It is concluded that the decisions of the advisory bodies, despite the fact that they are predominantly advisory in nature, are of great importance for the development of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

В статье описываются основные этапы становления и развития совещательных органов при главе государства, начиная с момента официального учреждения Государственного Совета в России Императором Александром I в 1810 году и заканчивая принятием 8 декабря 2020 года Федерального закона «О Государственном Совете Российской Федерации». На основе историко-правового анализа делается попытка выявить роль совещательных органов в структуре государственной власти, определить их правовой статус, охарактеризовать структуру и порядок деятельности. Особое внимание уделено совещательному характеру Государственного Совета при главе государства на разных этапах его становления. Сделан вывод о том, что, несмотря на наделение Государственного Совета Российской Федерации (на современном этапе развития) конституционным статусом, он как был, так и остается исключительно совещательным органом, поскольку, в связи с принятием нового Федерального закона, не приобретает никаких решающих функций. Проведенный анализ дает основание утверждать, что данные органы при главе государства в различные исторические периоды времени имели разные функции и объем полномочий, тем не менее, они обладали одной характерной чертой – совещательной деятельностью, направленной на оказание консультативной помощи., The article describes the main stages of the formation and development of advisory bodies under the head of state, starting with the official establishment of the State Council in Russia by Emperor Alexander I in 1810 and ending with the adoption of the Federal Law «On the State Council of the Russian Federation» on December 8, 2020. On the basis of historical and legal analysis, an attempt is made to identify the role of advisory bodies in the structure of state power, to determine their legal status, to characterize the structure and procedure of activity. Particular attention is paid to the advisory nature of the State Council under the head of state at different stages of its formation. It was concluded that, despite the granting of the State Council of the Russian Federation (at the present stage of development) a constitutional status, it was and remains an exclusively advisory body, since, in connection with the adoption of the new Federal Law, it does not acquire any decisive functions. The analysis carried out gives grounds to assert that these bodies under the head of state, in different historical periods of time, had different functions and scope of powers, nevertheless, they had one characteristic feature – deliberative activity aimed at providing advice.

We use an experiment to examine how advice valence (i.e., whether the advice suggests good news or bad news) affects the perceived source credibility of data analytics compared to human experts as a result of motivated reasoning. We predict that individuals will perceive data analytics as less credible than human experts, but only when the advice suggests bad news. Using a forecasting task in which individuals are seeking advice from either a human expert or data analytics, we find evidence consistent with our prediction. Furthermore, we find that this effect is mediated by the perceived competence of the advice source. We contribute to the nascent accounting literature on data analytics by providing evidence on a potential impediment to successfully transitioning to the use of analytics for decision-making in organizations.

Questions What is the effect of advice/education compared with placebo or no advice/education on pain and disability in people with non-specific spinal pain? To what extent do characteristics of the patients, trial or intervention modify the estimate of the treatment effects? Design A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Participants Adults with non-specific back and/or neck pain with or without radiating leg/arm pain of any duration were included. Trials recruiting pregnant women or surgical patients in the immediate postoperative phase were ineligible. Intervention Advice or education. Outcome measures The primary outcomes were self-reported pain and disability, and the secondary outcome was adverse events. The following potential effect modifiers were examined: risk of bias, duration of pain, location of pain, intensity of intervention and mode of intervention. Results Twenty-seven trials involving 7,006 participants were included. Eighteen of the included trials were assessed as being at low risk of bias (≥ 6 on the PEDro scale). There was low-quality evidence that advice had a small effect on pain (MD −8.2, 95% CI −12.5 to −3.9, n = 2,241) and moderate-quality evidence that advice had a small effect on disability (MD −4.5, 95% CI −7.9 to −1.0, n = 2,579) compared with no advice or placebo advice in the short-term. None of the items that were assessed modified the treatment effects. Conclusion Advice provides short-term improvements in pain and disability in non-specific spinal pain, but the effects are small and may be insufficient as the sole treatment for patients with spinal pain. Registration PROSPERO CRD42020162008.

Orientador: Yara Adario Frateschi Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: A presente dissertação de mestrado pretende analisar O Príncipe de Maquiavel (1513, postumamente publicado 1532). Questionamo-nos sobre o príncipe novo e no que consiste sua inovação política. Maquiavel nos diz que seu opúsculo busca discutir o que é, de que espécies são e como se adquire, mantem e perde o principado. Apresenta, portanto, um tratado político, especificamente, um sobre os principados. Ele adiciona que este livro deve ser de interesse de um príncipe e, em especial, do interesse de um príncipe novo. Investigamos em que medida um tratado político se faz do interesse de um agente político e daquele do príncipe novo em especial. Pretendemos analisar O Príncipeenquanto um livro de aconselhamento aos novos príncipes e explorar algumas consequências desta abordagem. Mostramos que, na medida em que almeja o aconselhamento útil, enfatizando o preceito retórico da verdade efetiva, para abordar o stato do príncipe, Maquiavel pondera sobre as dificuldades e necessidades impostas ao governante do principado. Nesta investigação, Maquiavel enfatiza e estrutura suas observações sobre a inovação política. Isto porque a inovação política é o fator que mais profundamente altera as dificuldades e necessidades impostas aos governantes. Portanto, fator sobre o qual mais é necessário o aconselhamento político. Nosso objetivo é entender esta abordagem dada à inovação política por Maquiavel ¿ enquanto dificuldade e necessidade sobre a qual se pode aconselhar Abstract: This dissertation aims at analyzing Machiavelli¿s The Prince (c.1513, published 1532). We enquire about the new prince and his political innovation. Machiavelli writes that his book aims at discussing what is, which species there are, how to acquire, to maintain and how one loses one¿s principality. Thus, he presents a political treatise, specifically, one about principalities. He adds that the book should be of interest to a prince and, specially, of interest to a new prince. We investigate how a political treatise may be of interest to a political agent and to a new prince, specifically. We intend to analyze The Prince as an advice book to new princes and explore some consequences of this approach. We show that, inasmuch as he purposes at useful advice, focusing on effective truth, in order to reason about the stato, Machiavelli ponders about the difficulties and necessities which are imposed to princes. Within this investigation, he underlines political innovation and organizes his book according to this problem. He does so, because political innovation is the factor which most profoundly influences the difficulties and necessities imposed to rulers; hence, is the factor over which political advice is most necessary. Our aim is to understand the approach given by Machiavelli to political innovation ¿ as difficulties and necessities over which it is possible to give advice Mestrado Filosofia Mestre em Filosofia CNPQ 131826/2017-4

Objectives This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Main objective To assess the eHect of pharmacists’ prescribing advice, compared to usual care or other forms of interventions, on healthcare professionals’ prescribing appropriateness, guideline adherence, and costs in community, primary care and hospital outpatient settings. Secondary objective To summarise the principal findings from economic evaluations of these interventions.

The path to publication is often long, emotional, and bewildering. We share key insights from our experience as authors, educators, and members of the editorial board with The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning that we hope will help authors better understand and navigate the path to publication. In writing a compelling story, we suggest that it is necessary to join a conversation with self, the scholarly community, and the journal. We unpack each of these dimensions and offer considerations on how to craft a powerful manuscript that could ultimately get published. Le chemin qui mène à la publication est souvent long, émotionnel et déconcertant. Nous partageons des idées clés basées sur notre expérience en tant qu’auteurs, éducateurs et membres de l’équipe de rédaction de La revue canadienne sur l’avancement des connaissances en enseignement et en apprentissage. Nous espérons qu’elles aideront les auteurs à mieux comprendre et à parcourir avec succès le chemin menant à la publication. Nous suggérons que pour rédiger un récit captivant, il est nécessaire de se joindre à une conversation avec soi-même, avec la communauté des chercheurs et avec la revue. Nous déballons chacune de ces dimensions et offrons des considérations sur la manière de créer un manuscrit puissant qui pourrait être publié.

The use of evidence-based smoking cessation interventions (SCIs) can significantly increase the number of successful smoking cessation attempts. To obtain an overview of the knowledge and viewpoints on the effectiveness and use of SCIs, a three-round online Delphi study was conducted among researchers and primary care professionals (PCPs). The four objectives of this study are to gain an overview of (i) the criteria important for recommending SCIs, (ii) the perceptions of both groups on the effectiveness of SCIs, (iii) the factors to consider when counseling different (high-risk) groups of smokers and (iv) the perceptions of both groups on the use of e-cigarettes as an SCI. We found a high level of agreement within groups on which smoker characteristics should be considered when recommending an SCI to smokers. We also found that PCPs display a lower degree of consensus on the effectiveness of SCIs. Both groups see a value in the use of special protocols for different (high-risk) groups of patients, but the two groups did not reach consensus on the use of e-cigarettes as a means to quit. Making an inventory of PCPs’ needs regarding SCIs and their usage may provide insight into how to facilitate a better uptake in the primary care setting.