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Summary Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial hormonal disorder accompanied by impairment of endometrial function and structure. Pomegranate is recognized for its role in normalizing the female sex hormones in PCOS with little known about its effect on the accompanying endometrial histological alterations. Aim of the work To assess the possible ameliorative role of pomegranate juice extract (PJE) on endometrial injury in a rat model of PCOS. Material and methods Forty adult albino rats were equally divided into 4 groups; control, PJE-treated (400 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks), letrozole-treated (PCOS) (1 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks), and PJE & PCOS groups. Serum Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. Uterine samples were processed for histological staining with hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome stains, Ki67 and androgen receptor immunohistochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Results PCOS group revealed a significant increase in serum FSH, LH, testosterone, estradiol, and tissue MDA. Uterine sections depicted various histological alterations in the endometrium with signs of inflammation. A significant increase in the endometrial collagen fiber content, as well as a significant upregulation in Ki67 and androgen receptor immunohistochemical expression were detected. Scanning electron microscopy showed a significant decrease in the mean number of pinopodes. Concomitant administration of PJE efficiently restored the studied biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical parameters. Conclusion PJE ameliorated PCOS accompanying endometrial histological alterations through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-androgenic effects most probably due to its polyphenols content.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic skin condition with pilosebaceous blockages and/or inflammation (hair follicles and their accompanying sebaceous gland). Aim: to investigate vaspin levels in serum of acne sufferers in comparison with normal controls and to link their levels with the severity of the illness. Methods: 30 instances of AV and 31 healthy control groups have been examined and each patient has been submitted to comprehensive history; complete clinical examination and levels of serum vaspine were calculated. Methods: Results: The level of vaspin was much greater in the AV group than the control group (medium=2785.2 vs 155.4 against p < 0.001). For discriminating between AV patients and control groups, the Vaspin level receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) has been performed. Vaspin exhibited o.989 AUC. At a cut-off of 212.2, sensitivity was 96.7%, the specificity of 96.8%, 96.7%, NPV was 96.7% and the accuracy of 96.8%. ROC Vaspin-level curve has been performed for discriminating between mild to moderate and severe AV patients. Vaspin exhibited o.93o AUC. At a cut-off value of 3,911.5, sensitivity was 9%, the specificity was 9%, PPV was 81.8%, NPV was 94.7%, and accuracy was 9%. Conclusion: The level of Vaspin in the AV group was considerably greater than that of the control group with 96.7% susceptibility and 96.8% characteristics. Adipose and severity of AV were linked substantially with a greater vaspin level; the Vaspin level was proposed as a separate AV susceptibility and severity predictor.

Background: Considering the recognized roles of ICAM-1 in inflammation and rising an evidence that inflammation is evident at all stages of AV. The current study aimed to investigate the incidence of ICAM-1 gene expression and polymorphism with special reference to amino acids at position 469 and 241 with acne vulgaris and its possible correlation with the lesion severity. Patient and methods: The present case control study included 60 participants of matched age, sex and of Egyptian origin where there were 45 acne patients assigned into three groups according to acne severity (mild, moderate and severe), 15 patients in each group, and there were 15 participants as control.All studied participants were tested for the genotypes of ICAM-1 gene polymorphism by PCR where four primers have been used to detect all possible polymorphism at codon 241 and 469 Results: There was statistically significant difference among four studied groups as regard ICAM (496) and ICAM (241) polymorphism where the highest percentage of GG were among severe acne group and none of controls had GG genotype. There was significant association between ICAM (496) polymorphism and patients’ BMI where the highest BMI Conclusion: ICAM-1 496 and 241 polymorphism might be associated with AV. Further understanding of functional significance of the ICAM-1 polymorphism will help delineate immunopathogenesis in certain subgroups of AV obese patients

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects 2–3% of the world population. The present study aimed to evaluate serum folate level before and after oral PUVA therapy in psoriatic patients. Patient and methods: A total of 40 psoriatic patients without any other morbidities (age ranged from 19 to 63 years, including 20 males and 20 females), All the patients recieved oral 8-methoxypsoralen at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, followed 2 hours later by ultraviolet A exposure (oral PUVA therapy), For each patient the therapy will be twice weekly for eight weeks. Patients in the PUVA group were treated twice times weekly with a starting dose of 2 J/cm2, increasing by 20% each session, to a maximum of 15 J/cm2 per dose. Patients underwent up to 16 sessions. The dosage was adjusted if patients developed erythema. We have measured serum folate levels at baseline and after oral PUVA exposure. Also we use PASI score as objective method to visualize the relationship between improvement of psoriasis and changes in folate serum levels at baseline and after 16 exposures to PUVA for 8 weeks along with subjective methods which were done by photography and adverse effects were also reported. Results: There is statistically significant decrease of folic acid level after 16 sessions of phototherapy by average 20%. According to PASI score, Our results shows that there is statistically significant improvement in PASI score after phototherapy by average 60% .Conclusion: Folate deficiency should be evaluated and corrected in the patients, as it may be aggravated by UV therapy.

The paper describes theoretical and experimental analysis of dynamics of system: grinding wheel- workpiece external cylindrical plunge grinding process to study the effect of workpiece previous profile on the ground workpiece roundness. The study has been carried out theoretical model taking contact stiffness of system (workpiece and machine), grinding wheel and workpiece wear into consideration. The results showed that mode shape vibration errors are strongly depends on amplitude of initial workpiece profiles. The mode shape vibration errors increases with the increase of initial workpiece profiles amplitudes and workpiece length. Experiments had been carried out on identical specimens. These specimens were turned first with different cutting conditions to obtain different profiles. Then a cylindrical plunge grinding operation with the same cutting conditions was applied for the resulted specimens. The vibration signals existing during grinding were recorded. The resulted roundness error before and after grinding were compared for each specimens. The results showed the root mean square (RMS) of vibration level, roundness error and undulation number of the ground workpiece are dependent on the initial workpiece profile. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results showed as good agreements. To compensate roundness error within an acceptable range, fuzzy knowledge base controller (FKBC) was proposed. The proposed fuzzy controller predicts the work piece shape error more accurately, and reduces it by about 20%

Vitiligo is a secured pigmentary disarray of the skin and mucous layers that is portrayed clinically by the improvement of particularly included white macules and patches of skin and hair ,Neurokinin An is accessible in excitatory neurons and secretory cells of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal center .Additionally, both SubstanceP are neurokinin An is found in the neurosensory structure and change a wide extent of red hot and tissue fixing measures. The purpose of the work is to evaluate Neurokinin A serum level in vitiligo patients and its relationship with individual fulfillment. fifty subjects encountering non segmental vitiligo and avowed by wood's light and thirty clearly solid subjects , sex and age composed individuals who filled in as a control in the Banha school clinical center, they were attempted serologically for level of neurokinin A level with examination of individual fulfillment by dermatology life quality record questionair. The mean age with patients was 30±10.8 years old, while in control it was 27 ±7 years old. There was no immense differentiation between the two social occasions as regard age (P=0.06.(The understanding get-together included 18 (36%) male and 32 (64%) female, while controls included 14(46.7%)male and 16 (53.3%) females. There was no enormous differentiation between the two social occasions as regard sex ( p regard = 0.35).The results of our assessment revealed that patients had high quantifiably basic higher NKA (p < 0.001)with mean±SD (500.91±119.3) than control bundle with mean ±SD (109.55±80.51) .vitiligo has genuine impact on close to home fulfillment especially on more young age pack with mean age of the generally affected patients 23.8 years old . NKA is high in vitilligo patients differentiated and controls. There was positive relationship among's reality and dermatology life quality rundown with verifiably enormous worth

Skin inflammation vulgaris (AV) is a typical constant skin illness. Vaspin (instinctive fat tissue-inferred serine protease inhibitor), a novel adipocytokine. It has been recommended that vaspin has potential insulin-sharpening impacts. Vaspin assumes a part in adipoinsular hub, and might be related with insulin obstruction. This investigation expected to assess serum vaspin level in patients with skin break out vulgaris to assess its part in AV pathogenesis and its connection with insulin opposition in skin inflammation patients. This investigation was led on 52 patients experiencing skin inflammation vulgaris. Notwithstanding 32 as control gathering. Patients were selected from the outpatient facility of Dermatology and Andrology Department of Benha University Hospitals. All contemplated people were exposed to finish history taking, dermatological assessment and research facility examinations included: assessment of serum levels of vaspin, fasting blood glucose and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Blood glucose, Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were altogether higher in AV situations when contrasted with control gatherings. AV bunch demonstrated fundamentally lower vaspin when contrasted with control gathering. HOMA-IR indicated huge positive relationship with grades of AV patients. Vaspin demonstrated huge negative connection with HOMA-IR in AV gathering. There is a function of serum vaspin in the pathogenesis of skin break out vulgaris. AV bunch demonstrated fundamentally lower vaspin when contrasted with control gathering. HOMA-IR was altogether higher in AV situations when contrasted with control gatherings. We found a measurably critical relationship between HOMA-IR and grades of AV patients. Vaspin demonstrated huge negative relationship with HOMA-IR in AV gathering.

Constant urticaria (CU) is an upsetting unfavorably susceptible state of the skin. The urticarial injuries are available persistently or irregularly for at any rate a month and a half. The sores are edematous pruritic pink wheals of variable size and shape, with or without going with angioedema. It has high effect on rest and daytime exercises including work, or potentially inadequate reactions to standard treatment. Notwithstanding illness seriousness, the unconventionality of CU and its course are a significant reason for worry for patients. Persistent urticaria is viewed as a constant incendiary illness as portrayed by cutaneous pole cell degranulation, and invading T cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Expanded circling levels of C-receptive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines, for example, interleukin (IL)- 6, tumor rot factor (TNF)- α, and network metalloproteinase (MMP)- 9 were seen among patients with CU. A fundamental favorable to provocative and supportive of coagulating state, shown by raised degrees of incendiary markers, for example, IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and CRP, was accounted for among people with hyperlipidemia. Serum paraoxonase (PON) is a high thickness lipoprotein (HDL) bound compound displaying antiatherogenic properties.This chemical assumes a significant function in forestalling low thickness lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and is considered to secure against the advancement of coronary illness. Point: The point of this examination is to asses serum paraoxonase levels and dyslipidemia in ongoing urticaria patients and relate their levels with various factors of the illness. Technique: This current investigation included: Patient gathering (bunch 1) included 50 psoriasis patients. What's more, 30 clearly solid, age and sex coordinated people included as a benchmark (Group 2). All were explored for serum PON 1 level and analyzed. Serum PON 1 was assessed utilizing industrially accessible ELISA units. End: From the consequences of present investigation, it is presumed that serum paraoxonase levels are diminished in patients with constant urticaria contrasted with age and sex coordinated controls with correspondence to the infection seriousness.

The plasma level of two common cardiovascular disease markers, cardiac troponin I and C-reactive protein, in alopecia areata and AGA affected subjects. We aimed to assesment of troponin I level of patients with AGA to detect if there is arole of troponin I as a cardiac biomarker for cardiac affection in the disease (AGA) pathogenesis and it's associations and looking for a hidden cardiac problem. The study was conducted on 75 participants; 50 patients suffering from Androgenetic alopecia, in addition to 25 control normal healthy persons. Norwood Classification for male Pattern Baldness Ludwig Classification of Female Pattern Baldness , ECG, Determination of serum Cardiac troponin I and Echocardiography were done for all participants. troponin I showed significant positive correlation with age, GLS, grades, as well as significant negative correlation with EF troponin I showed significant positive correlation with age, GLS, grades, as well as significant negative correlation with EF.

Current practices of planning and designing of buildings in Nigeria do not consider the thermal comfort, the building energy and exergy demand. There is a need for better understanding of exergy analysis to improve the quality match between building energy demand and supply. The aim of this study is to estimate the exergy consumption value for a hollow sandcrete and a burnt brick-walled structure in a tropical sub-region. The properties of the building were assessed, eQuest software was used to estimate the energy demand of the respective buildings and the exergy analysis was conducted using the exergetic factor of electricity. The cumulative exergy consumptions of the existing sandcrete-walled building, the modelled sandcrete and the burnt brick-walled building were found to be 246,074.4 MJ/year, 128,646 MJ/year, and 128,595.6 MJ/year respectively. The modelled sandcrete-walled building, as well as the burnt brick-walled building, were found to be 48% more energy efficient than the existingbuilding as a result of improving the airtightness of the building, reducing the solar heat gain, and utilizing extremely efficient systems. However, the exergy analysis suggested that the hollow burnt brick-walled building perform better than the hollow sandcrete-walled building. Keywords: Building, electricity, energy, eQuest, exergy, sandcrete.

Sofosbuvir is a novel drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C viral infection; however, vision loss is one of its growing adverse effects. Saffron is a natural biomolecule with a high antioxidant potential that has been efficiently used in some diseases caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated Sofosbuvir's neurodegenerative effect on the retina of albino rat and examined the potential protective role of saffron aqueous extract. Twenty-one adult male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, Sofosbuvir-treated (41.1 mg/kg /day for 6 weeks), and Sofosbuvir + Saffron co-treated groups. Retinal specimens were biochemically analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. In addition, light and transmission electron microscopic examination, as well as immunohistochemical staining for Caspase-3, COX-2, and GFAP were performed. Sofosbuvir treatment caused a significant increase in retinal MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels coupling with a significant decrease in retinal total antioxidant capacity level. Histopathological findings revealed disturbed retinal architecture, detached pigment epithelium, vacuolated photoreceptors, in addition to a significant decrease in the thicknesses of both outer and inner nuclear layers, and the number of ganglionic cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed extensive degenerative changes in all retinal layers. Caspase-3, COX-2, and GFAP immunohistochemical expressions were significantly increased. Meanwhile, concomitant treatment with Saffron significantly improved retinal redox status, inflammation, histological, and ultrastructural parameters. Saffron may protect the retina from the hazardous effects of Sofosbuvir. Saffron could be used as an adjuvant therapy to protect patients receiving Sofosbuvir from retinal damage.

BACKGROUND: Although sleep disturbances and insomnia are common among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), these disorders remain largely understudied among victims fleeing ethnoreligious genocide. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), though a widely used measure of insomnia, has not been translated, cross-culturally adapted, nor validated in common African languages. This paper aimed to translate, adapt and validate the ISI scale into Hausa, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in African continent. METHODS: A six-stage validation model was used for the translation and adaptation of the ISI into Hausa [(ISI-Hausa), Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI)=0.9 to 1.0]. The tool was administered among IDPs residing in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria, from October to November 2019. A total of 281 participants from six camps were recruited via convenience sampling. The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha (α) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) for determining factor structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, respectively. RESULTS: Exploratory factor reduction resulted in a two-factor solution, with " severity of insomnia " identified as the construct for Factor 1 and " impact of insomnia " as the construct for Factor 2. Factor 1 consisted of four scale items and Factor 2 consisted of three items. Factor loadings for each item ranged from 0.535-0.812. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α=0.72) and good test-retest reliability (ICC=0.72) (p

In the pharmaceutical sector, tissue culture techniques for large-scale production of natural chemicals can be a less expensive alternative to large-scale synthesis. Although recent biotransformation research have used plant cell cultures to target a wide range of bioactive compounds, more compiled information and synopses are needed to better understand metabolic pathways and improve biotransformation efficiencies.This report reviews the biochemical transformation of phenolic natural products by plant cell cultures in order to identify potential novel biotechnological approaches for ensuring more homogeneous and stable phenolic production year-round under controlled environmental conditions.Articles on the use of plant cell culture for polyphenolic and flavonoid transformations (1988 - 2021) were retrieved from SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through electronic and manual search in English. Following that, the authors chose the required papers based on the criteria they defined. The following keywords were used for the online search: biotransformation, Plant cell cultures, flavonoids, phenolics, and pharmaceutical products.The initial search found a total of 96 articles. However, only 70 of them were selected as they met the inclusion criteria defined by the authors. The analysis of these studies revealed that plant tissue culture is applicable for the large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites including the phenolics, which have high therapeutic value.Plant tissue cultures could be employed as an efficient technique for producing secondary metabolites including phenolics. Phenolics possess a wide range of therapeutic benefits, as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Callus culture, suspension cultures, transformation, and other procedures have been used to improve the synthesis of phenolics. Their production on a large scale is now achievable. More breakthroughs will lead to newer insights and, without a doubt, to a new era of phenolics-based pharmacological agents for the treatment of a variety of infectious and degenerative disorders.

Verruca (Warts) are a typical dermatologic sickness brought about by human papillomavirus (HPV). Verruca are commonly little, harsh, hard papules and skin shaded or slight tanned. Patients with viral moles recorded a more serious negative effect on life quality than patients with different dermatoses, similar to skin break out vulgaris. In this examination, it was planned to explore effect of verrucae on patients' personal satisfaction utilizing Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). This current investigation included 30 patients of verruca vulgaris, palmoplanter moles and genital moles notwithstanding 10 subjects liberated from a verruca as control subjects of coordinated age, sex and BMI of Egyptian starting point. Genital moles had more terrible DLQI than palmoplanter moles, which had more regrettable DLQI than verruca vulgaris (p < 0.001). From this examination we can reason that genital verrucae had the most noticeably awful effect on personal satisfaction when contrasted with other verrucae types.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units. It is a pleomorphic disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis, affects virtually all individuals at least once. PTX3 represent a rapid biomarker for primary local activation of innate immunity and inflammation. to assess serum level of pentraxin 3 in patients with acne vulgaris. This instance control examine might have been directed on 55 patients anguish from av (Group An) What's more 30 Obviously solid people for matched period Furthermore sex as An control assembly (Group B). Constantly on patients were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical examination Furthermore serum level about Pentraxin3 (PTX3). The patients imply period might have been 21 years, they were 20 guys (36. 4%) Furthermore 35 females (63. 6%). Twenty four patients required sudden passing onset (43. 6%),While 56. 4% required gradual onset. Same time 38 (69. 1%) patients required progressive course. Imply span of malady for concentrated on patients might have been 4. 7 years, face might have been influenced altogether cases55(100%) patients taken after Toward over 25 (45. 5%)patients What's more midsection 12 (21. 8%) patients. Skin break out seriousness might have been evaluated On the whole examined cases; gentle situations spoken to 29. 1%; moderate situations spoke to 38. 2% same time extreme level might have been exhibit Previously, 32. 7%. Skin inflammation vulgaris patients indicated essentially higher fixation of Pentraxin 3 (Ptx 3) The point when contrasted with control bunch (P. 0. 011). Skin inflammation vulgaris patients indicated essentially higher centralization for Pentraxin 3.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common disease with an incidence of 2-3% among the dermatoses and 0.1% in the population at large. This disorder occurs in both sexes, at all ages, and is characterized by the sudden appearance of areas of hair loss on the scalp and other hair bearing areas. Various factors, including immunologic and endocrine abnormalities, genetic factors, infections, and psychological/ psychiatric disturbances, have been claimed to play a role in its etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between DEFB1 polymorphism and AA pathogenesis. This study was conducted on fifty patients with alopecia areata (Group A) and fifty age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects as a control group (Group B). Patients were selected from the Dermatology outpatient clinic of Benha University Hospital. Linear regression analysis was conducted for prediction of more severe AA; using age, gender, family history, AID, previous episodes, previous treatment, and rs1800972 genotypes as covariates. Rs1800972 (CG+GG) were considered as predictor of more severe AA (p < 0.001). Our study results support the associations of susceptibility with AA among patients with the DEFB1 rs1800972 genotypes. It appears that DEFB1 gene polymorphisms may modulate AA risk. So, CG, GG, genotypes and G allele were considered as predictor of AA susceptibility and severity.

Chloroquine was theoretically reacted with the coumarin compound. Two compounds viz. [N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(5-(diethylamino)-pentan-2-yl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-7- sulfonamide] (3) and [N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl)-4-methyl-2-oxo- 2H-chromene-6-sulfonamide] (4) were suggested. The results showed that compound 4 may influence the COVID-19 treatment. The physico-chemical parameters were determined through theoretical calculations by using Hartree-Fock at different basis sets (6-31G), (STO/3G) and the semi-empirical (AM1) method. The calculations demonstrated the scheme of reaction between coumarin and the chloroquine structure by using the predicted mechanisms. The physical and chemical properties of the predicted compounds were determined to select the optimal form as the candidate for COVID-19 treatment. Compound 4 was more stable than compound 3, with different proteins viz. 6YHU, 6YI3 and 6LU7. Three types of software, including Gaussian 03, Chem-Bio office and molecular operating environment (MOE) were employed.

Irinotecan is one of the most important anti‐tumour drugs against a broad spectrum of malignancies, but is known to be associated with possible oral complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irinotecan on the tongue mucosa of juvenile male albino rat at adulthood using different histological and immunohistochemical methods. Twenty juvenile male albino rats were divided equally into two groups: control and irinotecan‐treated group (single injection of 200 mg irinotecan/kg, then kept for four weeks without treatment). The tongue specimens were processed for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The irinotecan‐treated group showed statistically significant shortening and thinning of the lingual papillae. There was loss of the normal appearance of the filiform papillae with focal cell loss alternating with areas of hyperkeratosis. Focal separation of the keratin layer, some nuclear changes and vacuolation of some epithelial cells were detected. Dilated congested blood vessels and mild mononuclear cellular infiltration were encountered. Atrophic fungiform papillae with ill‐defined taste bud cells were observed. A statistically significant decrease in the pattern of Ki67 immunohistochemical staining reaction was detected in comparision to the control group. Scanning electron microscopy revealed different signs of atrophy of the tongue papillae. Focal areas of desquamation of lingual papillae were observed revealing some filiform papillae with desquamated surface, bisected tips and evident thinning. Some extravasated red blood cells could be detected. Thus irinotecan caused significant morphological and morphometrical alterations of the tongue mucosa in particularly the filiform papillae.

Background: Previous studies showed that Heme Oxyge-nase-1 (HO-1) level was markedly reduced in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) which might highlight the role of HO-1system in the pathogenesis and treatment of PCOS.Aim of Study: The present study was done to study the effects of the induction of HO-1 system by hemin on Letrozole (LTZ)-induced PCOS in rats.Material and Methods: 40 female rats were divided into 4 equal groups; normal control (I), hemin (II), LTZ (III), hemin + LTZ treated (IV).Results: After three weeks, LTZ administration induced PCOS in female rats as evidenced by histological examination and biochemical analysis. It significantly increased testosterone level, LH and LH/FSH ratio compared with normal control group. LTZ significantly decreased plasma adiponectin level, ovarian Silent Information Regulator 1 level (SIRT1), Glu-tathione-S-Transeferase activity (GST), HO-1 mRNA expres-sion and ovarian B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression compared with normal control group. While, it increased ovarian hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, ovarian BCL2 associated X (Bax) expression and Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared with normal control group. Hemin administration antagonized all these effects.Conclusion: We could conclude that, hemin is a promising drug for treatment of PCOS through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects which can rise up the possibility of involvement of HO system in pathogenesis of PCOS.

Background: Wound healing is a complicated process that can be affected by various factors. Glucocorticoids delay the process of wound healing by several mechanisms. The ketogenic diet could aid in the treatment of several skin diseases especially those associated with oxidative stress.Aim of the work: to examine the role of the ketogenic diet in enhancing the delayed wound healing of thin skin in glucocorticoid-immunocompromised ratsMaterial and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were equally allocated into four groups: Control, excisional wound in normal rats, excisional wound in immunocompromised rats (0.1 mg/kg/day of dexamethasone subcutaneously for 30 days), and excisional wound in immunocompromised rats on ketogenic diet (75 % fat, 20 % protein, and 5 % carbohydrate). Wound samples were obtained on either the 7th or the 14th day and processed for different biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical techniques.Results: On both the 7th and 14th day, the wound of immunocompromised rats expressed a significant increase in both tissue malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase compared with normal rats. The mean wound area was significantly larger, while both mean wound healing rate and mean epidermal thickness were significantly dropped compared with normal rats. A significant increase in collagen fiber deposition was associated with a significant reduction of the number of Ki67 positive cells and mean number of VEGF-positive blood vessels. The wound of immunocompromised rats on a ketogenic diet exhibited a significant restoration of most of the studied parameters, particularly on the 14th day.Conclusions: The ketogenic diet enhanced delayed wound healing via suppressing oxidative stress, modulating inflammation and collagen deposition, promoting proliferation, and enhancing angiogenesis particularly on the 14th day.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by rapid deterioration of renal functions causing many distant organ injuries. Testicular dysfunction was reported upon chronic renal failure, yet little is known about the underlying mechanism of the damaging effect of AKI on testicular structure and function. Sesame oil was proved to have antioxidant effects.Aim of the work: to assess the effects of AKI on the rat testis and the possible protective role of sesame oil.Material and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were allocated into 4 groups; control, sesame oil-treated (0.5ml/kg orally for 1week), AKI-induced (10mL/kg of 50% glycerol), and AKI-pretreated with sesame oil. Serum testosterone was assayed. Sperms were analyzed. Biochemical assay of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were performed. Testes specimens were processed for histological staining and immunohistochemical detection of Bcl2, Ki67, and Androgen receptor (AR). Results: AKI group showed a significant decline in serum testosterone, tissue GSH, and SOD with a significant rise in tissue MDA. Sperms revealed a significant rise in abnormal sperm morphology percentage with a significant decline in sperm count. Histological examination depicted various nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations in the testicular histoarchitecture with a significant rise in the collagen fiber deposition. A significant decline in Bcl2, Ki67, and AR immunohistochemical expression were recorded. Sesame oil pretreatment significantly ameliorated all studied parameters.Conclusions: AKI significantly impacted the testicular structure and function through different mechanisms. Sesame oil efficiently ameliorated this adverse effect through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities.

The article reveals the essence of the concept of "interactive speech" and the process of "communicative turn" from receptive types of speech activity to productive oral communication in teaching foreign languages. It examines the history and methodological views, beginning with grammar-translation method of the late XIX century and ending newcommunication didactics of the XXI century. The principles of which are reflected in the policy document of the Council of Europe "common European framework of reference for languages: learning, teaching, assessment". The document defines the levels of competence, future planning and development of language training programs, training recommendations, exams, language certificates, textbooks, etc., this makes it possible to compare the competence of foreign language proficiency and training programs, as well as various regional, national, international, school and other assessment systems. Important linguistic, psychological and philosophical teachings that influenced the development of modern methods of teaching foreign languages are revealed. The differences in the methods of teaching monologue and interactive speech are shown. To form a communicative competence, it is necessary to develop skills and abilities not in dialogical, but in interactive interaction. The types of exercises that meet the requirements of the competence approach in teaching foreign languages are presented.

The article examines the reader's portrait of foreign students, presented in the form of a study of reading in their native language (first of all) and the interpretation of this study. Background knowledge of literature, which is in a hided form in the mind, can become the basis not only for intercultural dialogue, but also for learning the Russian language, since background knowledge in General is one of the conditions for the development of communicative competence in teaching a foreign language. Training is usually based on background knowledge, which, in turn, can become the basis for a dialogue of cultures, motivation for learning a foreign language, exchange of cultural (in particular, reading) experience and experience of emotional experiences. The literature on these positions has immeasurable internal resources. The paper identifies works of foreign literature - points of intersection of cultural codes of different peoples. The article describes the course of the research, justifies the choice of works of world literature for the survey, analyzes its results and gives recommendations on the use of readers ' experience in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The survey included respondents from Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, and Australia.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an important chemotherapeutic drug. Cardiotoxicity diminishes its clinical efficacy. We aimed to focus on the mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, in addition, to evaluate curcumin's protective effect against it. Twenty-eight rats were divided into the normal control group I, curcumin-treated (200 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) group II, DOX-treated (4 mg/kg b.w.) group III, and DOX + curcumin group IV. Cardiac injury markers, heart tissue oxidative stress indices, interferon-gamma (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) levels as well as messenger RNA gene expression of Rac1 and fibroblast growth factor-inducible protein 14 (Fn14) were assayed, besides the assay of DNA damage, histopathological changes, survivin immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic examination. Curcumin significantly downregulated Rac1 and Fn14 gene expression and significantly decreased p53, NF-κB p65, INF-γ, and PUMA levels in the cardiac tissue. In addition, curcumin improved oxidative stress indices, DNA damage, and cardiac toxicity markers in the form of lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I). Meanwhile, upregulated antiapoptotic marker survivin was observed. Light and electron microscopic findings confirmed our biochemical and molecular outcomes. The current study established the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic roles of curcumin against DOX cardiotoxicity.

Background: The possibility of selecting the best genotypes to develop good hybrid varieties of tomatoes, as well as heterosis, potence ratio and correlation of vegetative characteristics, yield and quality in tomato genotypes and their performance under arid region.Methods: Four commercial tomato cultivars (Money Maker, Pakmore VF, Strain-B and Tanshet Star) and two breeding lines (L05960 and TL01899) and their 15 F1 hybrids, using a half-diallel cross, under arid conditions were used to estimate heterosis, potence ratio and correlation coefficients among all possible pairs of important tomato traits.Result: various degrees of dominance effects for some traits were detected in the general performances of the F1 hybrids, while, other traits illustrated the presence of partial- to under-recessiveness. Heterosis percentages reflected positive desirable effects in ten F1 hybrids for some traits. Most F1 hybrids outperformed their respective parents for fruit set, fruit length, fruit diameter, total soluble solids, fruit dry weight, number of fruits per plant and total fruit yield per plant. Some of the genotypes (i.e., parents and/ or hybrids) offer opportunities as a genetic source of heat tolerant breeding genetic material adapted to high temperature under the arid conditions reported in this study. Significant positive and desirable correlations were found between 41 possible pairs of traits, whereas significant negative and undesirable correlations were found between 13 possible pairs of the traits.

Background: Chronic stress, evolving due to sudden unexpected life events, is a risk factor for the development of depression. It can suppress immunity and increase susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Licorice extract is commonly used in traditional and modern medicine particularly for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim of the work: This work aimed to perform a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment of the influence of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of the adrenal cortex of rat and the possible ameliorating role of licorice aqueous extract. Material and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; control, licorice, CUMS (exposed to variable stressors in a random unpredictable pattern for 4 weeks), and licorice & CUMS (same as group III along with 300 mg/kg/day of licorice extract). Plasma aldosterone and corticosterone were assayed. Adrenal cortex specimens were processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical studies. Results: CUMS group recorded a significant elevation of plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, tissue malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase associating with a significant reduction of tissue reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Histological examination revealed adrenal capsular thickening and subcapsular hyperplasia, disruption of the architecture and thickness of all zones, and cellular alterations as nuclear abnormalities and cytoplasmic vacuolation. A significant upregulation in both activated caspase-3 and PCNA immunohistochemical expression was recorded. Licorice co-treated group depicted near normal values of most parameters with a near control morphology. Conclusion: Licorice could prove beneficial in controlling the adverse effects exerted by CUMS on redox status, morphology, apoptosis, and proliferation of the adrenal cortex most probably through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties.

Background: Immobilization stress occurs in various clinical situations as chronic inflammatory and neuromuscular diseases leading to disuse muscle atrophy. Recovery of skeletal muscle after immobilization is slow and incomplete. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was previously used in improving traumatic muscle injuries, yet, its role in accelerating muscle recovery upon immobilization stress has not been studied. Aim of the work: to study the possible adjuvant effect of PRP on skeletal muscle atrophy during recovery after immobilization stress in rat using different histological and immunohistochemical teschniques.Material and Methods: Thirty-six adult male rats were equally divided into four groups; control, immobilization stress (restrained in reduced sized cages for 4 weeks), recovery alone (4 weeks), and recovery & PRP groups. Skeletal muscle specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies.Results: Immobilized group showed splitting of the muscle fibers, internalization of the nuclei, loss of striation, undulated disrupted sarcolemma with signs of inflammation. Ultrastructural examination revealed myocytes with indented nuclei, mitochondria of abnormal shape and size, atrophied myofibrils with loss of myofilaments and splitting of myofibrils. A significant reduction of both mean muscle fiber cross sectional area and area percentage was reported together with a significant downregulation in desmin immunohistochemical expression. Recovery group revealed persistence of histological and immunohistochemical alterations. Recovery & PRP group showed a near normal morphology together with a non-significant difference in desmin immunohistochemical expression compared to control.Conclusion: PRP offered a promising improvement of skeletal muscle atrophy after immobilization stress. It is recommended to apply adjuvant PRP therapy with recovery rather than recovery alone.

Aroclor 1254 is a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that are reported to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis, yet little is known on its effect on thyroid gland microarchitecture. Lycopene is a commonly used potent antioxidant. This study is a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment of the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the morphology, proliferation, and angiogenesis of the thyroid gland in rat and to evaluate the possible ameliorating role of lycopene. Twenty-four adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; Control, lycopene-treated (4 mg/kg/day orally for 30 days), Aroclor 1254-treated (2 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 30 days), and lycopene & Aroclor 1254-treated group. Serum thyroid hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified. Thyroid specimens were processed for histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Mallory's trichrome stains as well as immunohistochemical staining for detection of calcitonin, Ki67, and VEGF. In this study, Aroclor 1254-treated animals recorded a significant decline in both serum T3 and T4 coupled with a significant elevation in both TSH and tissue MDA. Histological sections showed small irregular follicles with the formation of hyperplastic and micro follicles. Some follicular and parafollicular cells depicted nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations associating with scanty or absent colloid in addition to signs of inflammation and fibrosis. A significant upregulation in the immunohistochemical expression of calcitonin, Ki67, and VEGF was recorded. Lycopene co-treatment successfully reinstated the values of most studied parameters and retrieved a near-control thyroid morphology. In conclusion, Aroclor 1254 impacted the thyroid hormone homeostasis, morphology, proliferation, and angiogenesis of the thyroid gland in rat, while lycopene efficiently ameliorated these adverse effects.

Background: Juvenile obesity is a serious problem that increases the risk of future development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes at adulthood through programing a metabolic dysfunction during development.Aim of the Work: to perform a biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the effect of juvenile obesity on the morphology, insulin expression, apoptosis and proliferation of the islets of Langerhans in albino rat and to evaluate the possibility of recovery at adulthood.Material and Methods: Twenty-one juvenile male albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups; control (fed 11% fat standard diet), high fat diet-induced obesity group (fed 45% fat diet for 8 weeks) and recovery group (fed 45% fat diet for 8 weeks then left for 4 weeks on standard diet). Animals were weighed and fasting blood glucose and serum insulin were quantified. Pancreatic specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical staining for detection of insulin, Bcl2 and Ki67.Results: Juvenile obesity group recorded a significant increase in total body weight and blood glucose coupling with a significant decrease in serum insulin. Histological examination revealed few shrunken islets of Langerhans with cells expressing nuclear alterations and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Peripheral mononuclear infiltration and dilated congested blood capillaries were observed. A significant decrease in the immunohistochemical expression of insulin, Bcl2 and Ki67 was recorded. While a significant improvement of all studied parameters was detected in the recovery group.Conclusion: Restoration of a normal diet in high fat diet-induced obesity in juvenile rats reinstated the abnormal glucose and insulin levels, ameliorated the altered morphology of islets of Langerhans, and upregulated the suppressed immunoexpression of insulin, Bcl2 and Ki67 in the islets at adulthood.

Cost of transportation of goods and services is an interesting topic in today’s society. The Capacitated vehicle routing problem, which is been consider in this research, is one of the variants of the vehicle routing problem. In this research we develop a reinforcement learning technique to find optimal paths from a depot to the set of customers while also considering the capacity of the vehicles, in order to reduce the cost of transportation of goods and services. Our basic assumptions are; each vehicle originates from a depot, service the customers and return to the depot, the vehicles are homogeneous. We solve the CVRP with an exact method; column generation, goole’s operation research tool and reinforcement learning and compare their solutions. Our objective is to solve a large-size of vehicle routing problem to optimality.

Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a bactericide used in many daily products. TCS potential for endocrine disruption is suspected to impact male reproductive system.Aim of the study: Is to evaluate the effect of TCS and its withdrawal on the cauda epididymis of adult albino rat using different histological and biochemical techniques.Materials & Methods: Twenty-one adult male albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups; control, TCS-treated (administered 200mg/kg/day for 8weeks) and TCS-withdrawal group (administered 200mg/kg/day for 8weeks then left without treatment for 8weeks). Serum testosterone was quantified and epididymal specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical staining against androgen receptor was performed.Results: TCS-treated group revealed a significant decrease in serum testosterone. Principal cells showed vacuoles compressing their nuclei, some pyknotic nuclei and sparse stereocilia. Many adluminal halo cells were observed. The epithelial lining depicted focal areas of stratification and areas of discontinuity. Widened interstitium inbetween the ducts with cellular infiltrations and some congested blood vessels were observed. Mallory-trichrome staining revealed prominent collagen fibers surrounding the epididymal ducts and blood vessels and an enhanced Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction in the thickened basal lamina coupled to a diminished Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction in the apical parts of the epididymal epithelial cells. A weak nuclear androgen receptor immunoreaction in the epididymal epithelial lining of the ducts was detected. Ultrastructural examination depicted principal cells with irregular nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm with many lysosomes, dilated Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Irregular apical cytoplasmic projections and sparse stereocilia were observed. Clear cells showed some cytoplasmic projections, large apical vacuoles and few lipid droplets. Migrating halo cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were observed. Withdrawal group showed a near normal histology.Conclusion: TCS has extremely affected the epididymal lining through acting as an endocrine disruptor. Withdrawal of TCS exerted a satisfactory outcome.