Search

The purpose of the study is to develop measures to improve the mechanisms for ensuring investment security of the Krasnodar Krai in the context of digital transformation. The subject of the study is the investment and innovation potential in the economic security system of the Krasnodar Krai. The article discusses the features of the formation of investment security of the territory in the conditions of digital transformation. The key stages of this process are presented. The analysis of innovative activity of the territory indicators formation is carried out, and the E-Government Development Index by country in 2020 is estimated. Such threats to the formation of investment security in the Krasnodar Krai as low innovative activity, fragile relationship between science and production, poor commercialization of investments; insufficient popularization of receiving state and municipal services in electronic form; unsatisfactory volume of introduction of modern end-to-end digital technologies in the field of regional management; underdevelopment of digitalisation; as well as geopolitical risks have been identified. The economic justification of the proposed measures implementation in relation to the state program “Development of the industry of the Krasnodar Territory and increasing its competitiveness”, the Strategy of digital transformation of the Krasnodar Krai, as well as the state program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” has been carried out. The practical implementation of the proposed measures will improve the formation of investment security of the Krasnodar Krai in the context of digital transformation.

Background. Determination of plant species diversity in the areas of solid waste landfills (hereinafter “landfills”) was carried out in order to identify patterns of vegetation cover and give an ecological assessment of the technocenosis. Plant species diversity was definedon the territories of Derhachiv and Rohan landfills in the city of Kharkiv. Materials and Methods. The method of linear routes and trial areas was used to determine the number of species. The degree of coverage was measured by the Drude method. The degree of similarity was determined by calculating the Jacquard coefficient. Plants were systematized by species, life forms, life expectancy, types of cenomorphs. Results and Discussion. 117 species have been recorded at Kharkiv landfills in total. At Rohan landfill and in the adjacent territories the vegetation cover is represented by 92 species, at Derhachiv landfill – by 93 species. Because of the uneven distribution of vegetation in the territories, areas of landfills were identified according to the specifics of vegetation cover (4 for Derhachiv and 3 for Rohan landfills). The most pronounced species diversity of plants at Derhachiv landfill is in the zone of natural landscape (44.0 %), at Rohan landfill – in the zone of ruderal landscape (38.4 %). The obtained data were classified by plant species composition and the conditions of their existence. Herbaceous plants of Derhachiv and Rohan llandfills are dominant in terms of life forms – 83.8% and 85.8%, respectively. Perennial plants predominate in terms of life expectancy – 53.8 % and 52.2 %, respectively. By their practical use, landfill plants include medicinal (18.6 %), food (11.1 %), and honey (10.8 %) ones; phytomeliorant plants constitute the smallest part – 2.2 %. The Drude method was used to determine the degree of coverage. The dominant families at both landfills are Asteraceae (24.6 %) and Poaceae (13 %). Jacquard similarity coefficients ranged from 0.18 in the least similar zones to 0.75 in similar zones. Cj calculated for two landfills equals 0.11. The plants were systematized by cenomorphic affiliation. The leading type of cenomorph for the flora of landfills is ruderal species (Ru); a significant share is occupied by forest plants (Sil), meadow (Pr) and steppe (St) plant species. Conclusions. Solid waste landfill sites are characterized by a high degree of transformation, which is clearly manifested in the vegetation formation patterns. The significant difference between the vegetation cover of landfill areas (Сj = 0.11) indicates a low degree of similarity of species diversity due to the specifics of technogenesis of the studied ecosystems, historical landscape and preconditions for the formation of vegetation. Natural grass cover on the landfills is replaced by ruderal and shrub cover, which indicates harsh living conditions for cultivated plants and succession processes. There are three main patterns of the formarion of vegetation cover in the landfills: as a result of severe disturbances, indigenous plants are replaced by ruderants in the process of succession, while uncharacteristic species are introduced by biotic and abiotic factors. Keywords: vegetation cover, Derhachiv landfill, Rohan landfill, transformed landscapes, cenomorphic affiliation

Увеличение удельной биохимической мощности сооружений с применением так называемых гранулированных активных илов является одним из перспективных направлений развития технологий биологической очистки сточных вод. Гранулированные илы это микробные биоценозы, специализирующиеся на разложении и минерализации веществ, содержащихся в сточных водах. Отличие от обычных илов обусловлено двумя важными факторами: строением основной структурной единицы гранулированного ила гранулы, и высокой скоростью осаждения (до 20 м/ч). Это позволяет создавать в биореакторах очистки сточных вод дозы ила до 10 г/л. Представлены результаты разработки первой в РФ биотехнологии очистки городских сточных вод с применением гранулированного активного ила. Технология реализована на объектах АО Мосводоканал . Технология аэробной биологической очистки в реакторе последовательнопериодического действия с последовательной нитриденитрификацией и восходящим потоком сточной воды позволяет обеспечить качество очищенной воды, соответствующее нормативам предельно допустимых концентраций для сброса в водоемы рыбохозяйственного назначения. Техникоэкономическое сравнение разработанной технологии с технологией удаления биогенных элементов в аэротенке проточного типа показало, что затраты жизненного цикла сооружений с частично гранулированным активным илом в 1,4 раза меньше затрат традиционной технологии биологической очистки (для производительности 1000 м3/сут).Increasing the specific biochemical capacity of the facilities using the socalled granular activated sludge is one of the promising areas for the development of biological wastewater treatment technologies. Granular sludge is microbial biocenosis specializing in the decomposition and mineralization of substances present in wastewater. The main distinction from regular sludge is due to two important factors: the composition of the basic structural unit of granular sludge granules, and a high sedimentation rate (up to 20 m/h). This provides for developing sludge doses of up to 10 g/l in bioreactors of wastewater treatment. The results of the development of the first biotechnology in Russia for municipal wastewater treatment of using granular activated sludge are presented. The technology has been implemented at the facilities of Mosvodokanal JSC. The technology of aerobic biological treatment in a sequencing batch reactor with sequential nitridenitrification and an upward flow of wastewater provides for the quality of effluent that meets the standards for maximum permissible concentrations for discharge into fishery bodies. Technical and economic comparison of the developed technology with the technology of removing nutrients in flowthrough aeration tank showed that the life cycle costs of the facilities with partially granulated activated sludge are 1.4 times less than the costs of traditional biological treatment technology (for a capacity of 1000 m3/day).

N-Arylmaleimides are universal substrates for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. However, their reactions with thioacetamides have not been comprehensively studied. We studied the reactions of thioacetamide with N-arylmaleimides under various conditions. We established for the first time that three types of products: epithiopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines, pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines and 3,3′-thiobis(1-arylpyrrolidine-2,5-diones) can be obtained in different conditions. In all cases, two maleimide molecules are involved in the reaction. 3,3′-Thiobis(1-arylpyrrolidine-2,5-diones) are the major products when the reaction is conducted at boiling in acetic acid. When thioacetamide and N-arylmaleimide are kept in dioxane at 50 °C, epithiopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines can be isolated, which, when heated in dioxane, in acetic acid or in methanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium methoxide, are converted into pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines by eliminating hydrogen sulfide. The reaction of thioacetamide and N-arylmaleimide in dioxane at boiling temperature with the portioned addition of N-arylmaleimide leads predominantly to the formation of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines. The reaction of thioacetamide with N-alkylmaleimides under all the above conditions leads predominantly to the formation of the corresponding sulfides. The structure of the compounds obtained was characterized by a set of spectral analysis methods and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data.

A new gem corundum occurrence has been discovered in the Naryn-Gol Creek placer of the Dzhida volcanic field (Russia). In this placer deposit, sapphire associates with large crystals of garnet, spinel, augite, olivine, enstatite, ilmenite, Ti-magnetite, and alkali feldspar. Such a combination of minerals is typical for the placer deposits associated with alkali basalts widely distributed in Southeastern Asia and Australia. We have also found sapphire crystals in phonotephrites of the nearby Cenozoic alkali-basalt paleovolcano Barun Khobol Pravyi, and in basalt sample and trachybasalt from the valley flood basalts. The chemical composition of sapphire is generally typical for ‘basalt’ corundum: it is rich in Fe, and depleted in Ti and Cr. The δ18O SMOW values of corundum and related megacrysts range from 4.6 to 6.8 ‰, thus corresponding to the isotopic signature of igneous rocks. Etched and corroded surfaces of sapphire and other megacrysts indicate that they are in non-equilibrium with their host alkali basalts. Volatile components, CO2 in particular, played a significant role during sapphire formation as gas inclusions reveal.

This paper reports the first results of U–Pb SHRIMP dating of zircon inclusions in sapphire from the Nezametninskii placers in the north of Primorye. The obtained age of paragenesis of these minerals (12.2 ± 0.2 Ma) is almost consistent with the age of erupted alkali basalts in the region, thus evidencing their genetic relation. According to the geochemistry data on trace elements, the dated zircon was crystallized from an alkali basaltic magma or its later trachyte/phonolite derivatives.

This paper is devoted to the studies of the crystal chemical characteristics and color nature of sapphires from the Naryn-Gol deposit (Republic of Buryatia, Russia). A brief geological description of the sapphire occurrence and the results of \( \updelta^{18} {\text{O}} \) isotope analysis are presented, which have shown a magmatic genesis of these sapphires. The color of sapphires is associated with the ions of ferric and ferrous iron, which is isomorphically replaced by Al3+ ions in the structure of corundum. It has been found that blue and green sapphires have different color centers, which were formed under different conditions of mineral formation. Studies of the color of sapphires in polarized light have been carried out and the features of absorption depending on the crystallographic direction in crystals have been shown. The calculation of chromaticity coordinates was carried out using the International Commission on Illumination CIE—1931.

The work presents the results of isotopic-geochemical and hydrodynamic studies of CO2-rich springs of the Tunka Valley, Buryatia. The waters are remarkably diverse in terms of cationic composition, although the dominant anion is hydrocarbonate. In general, the springs studied are characterized by high concentrations of microcomponents. To form these springs, the presence of active deep-seated faults is necessary. Such fractured zones serve as channels bringing gas to the upper horizons of groundwater. The 2D numerical model presented convincingly proves that the Arshan field’s waters are meteoric waters of long-term water circulation (up to 220,000 years).

A new occurrence of gem corundum was discovered in the vicinity of Naryn-Gol Creek, on the Dzhida volcanic field, Russia. Sapphires were found in both alluvial deposits of the Naryn-Gol Creek and pyroclastic rocks of the nearby Cenozoic alkali basalt volcano Barun-Hobol Pravyi. These rocks contain, in addition to sapphire, large crystals of garnet, spinel, augite, olivine, enstatite, ilmenite, and feldspar. Chemical composition of the sapphires overall is typical for corundum from basalt: rich in Fe, low in Ti and Cr. The oxygen isotopic compositions of corundum and associated minerals show δ18Osmow values ranging between 4.6‰ and 6.8‰ that is attributed to magmatic rocks. Study of impurities reveals the great role of volatiles, CO2, in particular, during the formation process.

Evolution of solitons is addressed in the framework of a third-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), including nonlinear dispersion, third-order dispersion and a pseudo-stimulated-Raman-scattering (pseudo- SRS) term, i.e., a spatial-domain counterpart of the SRS term, which is well known as a part of the temporal-domain NLSE in optics. In this context, it is induced by the underlying interaction of the high-frequency envelope wave with a damped low-frequency wave mode. In addition, spatial inhomogeneity of the second-order dispersion (SOD) is assumed. As a result, it is shown that the wavenumber downshift of solitons, caused by the pseudo-SRS, can be compensated with the upshift provided by decreasing SOD coefficients. Analytical results and numerical results are in a good agreement.

The dynamics of high-frequency field solitons is considered using the extended nonhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation with induced scattering from damped low-frequency waves (pseudoinduced scattering). This scattering is a 3D analog of the stimulated Raman scattering from temporal spatially homogeneous damped low-frequency modes, which is well known in optics. Spatial inhomogeneities of secondorder linear dispersion and cubic nonlinearity are also taken into account. It is shown that the shift in the 3D spectrum of soliton wavenumbers toward the short-wavelength region is due to nonlinearity increasing in coordinate and to decreasing dispersion. Analytic results are confirmed by numerical calculations.

We consider the soliton dynamics within the framework of an extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation with pseudo stimulated scattering, which occurs from the damped low-frequency waves, and the spatially inhomogeneous cubic nonlinearity. It is shown that the pseudo stimulated scattering, which leads to a shift of the spectrum of the soliton wave numbers to the long-wavelength region, and the nonlinearity, which increases with the coordinate and shifts the soliton spectrum to the short-wavelength region, can be in balance. The soliton solution, which results from this balance, is explicitly obtained.

We consider the soliton dynamics in terms of the extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation taking into account the inhomogeneous linear second-order dispersion (SOD) and stimulated scattering by damped low-frequency waves (SSDW). It is shown that the wave number downshift due to SSDW is compensated by an upshift due to the SOD decrease on the spatial coordinate. A new class of stationary nonlinear localized solutions (solitons) arising as an equilibrium of SSDW and decreasing spatial SOD is found analytically within the framework of the extended inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation. A regime of the dynamic equilibrium of SSDW and inhomogeneous dispersive medium with the soliton parameters periodically varied in time is found. Analytical and numerical results are in good agreement for this regime.

We study interaction of different-polarization single-component vector solitons of the envelope function in anisotropic media within the framework of the system of two coupled third-order nonlinear Schrodinger equations which allow for the third-order linear dispersion, nonlinear dispersion, nonlinear cross-phase modulation, and cross-nonlinear dispersion. The regimes of mutual reflection, passage, and asymptotic approach of the solitons are obtained. It is shown that the character of interaction of such solitons is determined by the initial relationship of their amplitudes and phases. The stationary mutual locations of interacting solitons and their coupled, the so-called breather states are discussed. The roles of the cubic nonlinearity, cubic cross-nonlinearity, and cross-nonlinear dispersion during interaction of solitons are studied.

An interaction of vector solitons in the frame of coupled third-order nonlinear Schrodinger equations taking into account third-order linear dispersion, nonlinear dispersion, and cross-phase modulation terms is considered. Phase nature of the solitonsʼ interaction is shown. In particular, dependence of solitonsʼ trajectories on initial distance between solitons is shown. Conditions of reflection and propagation of solitons through each other are obtained.

The nature of anti-Stokes luminescence centers excited in the temperature range 77–300 K by light with wavelengths from 620 to 710 nm and intensities in the range 1015–1016 photons/cm2 in Zn0.75Cd0.25S microcrystals annealed in the presence of oxygen has been investigated. It is shown that the centers of two-photon excitation of this luminescence are clusters of native metal oxides (ZnO)n and (CdO)n, whose energy levels in the Zn0.75Cd0.25S band gap are 1.70–1.95 eV below the bottom of the conduction band.

Dynamics of Langmuir solitons is considered in the framework of the extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), including a pseudo-stimulated-Raman-scattering (pseudo-SRS) term, caused by stimulated scattering on damping ion-sound waves. Also included are spatially decreasing second-order dispersion (SOD) and increasing self-phase modulation (SPM), caused by spatially decreasing electron temperature of plasma. It is shown that the wavenumber downshift of solitons, caused by the pseudo-SRS, may be compensated by an upshift provided by the decreasing SOD and increasing SPM coefficients. An analytical solution for solitons is obtained in an approximate form. Analytical and numerical results agree well.

The dynamics of short envelope solitons in media with controlled dispersion is investigated in the framework of the third-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Evolution of the solitons amplitude is analyzed in the adiabatic approximation. The existence of short envelope solitons independent from linear dispersion inhomogeneity is shown.

Solitons dynamics in the frame of the extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation taking into account space stimulated Raman scattering (SSRS), synchronic spatial variation of inhomogeneous second-order dispersion (SOD), and self-phase modulation (SPM) is considered both analytically and numerically. Compensation of soliton Raman self–wave number down shift by synchronically increasing SOD and SPM is shown. Analytical soliton solution as a result of the equilibrium of SSRS and increasing both SOD and SPM is found. Regime of the dynamical equilibrium of SSRS and inhomogeneous media with periodical variation of soliton's parameters is found. Analytical and numerical results are in a good agreement.

Dynamics of solitons in the frame of the extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NSE) taking into account stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and inhomogeneous second-order dispersion (SOD) is considered. Compensation of soliton Raman self-wave number downshift in media with increasing second-order linear dispersion is shown. Quasi-soliton solution with small wave number spectrum variation, amplitude and extension are found analytically in adiabatic approximation and numerically. The soliton is considered as the equilibrium of SRS and increasing SOD. For dominate SRS soliton wave number spectrum tends to long wave region. For dominate increasing SOD soliton wave number spectrum tends to shortwave region.

Valuable information on thermodynamic and electrical properties of easily compressed crystalline substances can be obtained by placing them inside a metal tube on which a pulse of ultra-high magnetic field pressure is applied. In such experiments it is important to know the characteristics of longitudinal substance motion due to the non-uniform distribution of magnetic field pressure. For this purpose we carried out one-dimensional (along the axial coordinate) and two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculations for solid argon. A numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the compression device based on the MC-1 generator, and results of compression tube x-ray image processing were used for setting the motion velocity of the tube’s inner surface. Calculations showed the absence of jets and supersonic flows that are able to cause the premature destruction of the experimental unit. The length of uniformly compressed argon section was found to be sufficient to determine sample density on the x-ray compression tube image.

It is known that the essential function of extracellular HSP70 (e-HSP70) to protect cell processes, indirectly associated with the genetic structures. A direct influence of e-HSP70 on chromosomal stability has not been studied. This explains actuality of the suggested investigation. A study was made of the influence of e-HSP70 on chromosomal variability at different phases of the first mitotic cycle in both intact and ciprofloxacin (CF) treated cells of the Indian muntjac skin fibroblasts. E-HSP70 (10 mg/ml) exerts no influence on the level of chromosomal aberrations, typical of the control. After a joint action of e-HSP70 and CF (50 mg/ml) no influence was also exerted on the antibiotic induced genotoxicity effect. CF and e-HSP70 (50 and 100 mg/ml, resp.) acting apart on intact cells during 6 and 24 h induce a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations compared to the control, primarily at the expense of chromatid or chromosomal breaks (depending on the duration of respective effect). CF and e-HSP70 acting apart on intact cells during 6 h with the following cultivation for 18 h in the fresh medium prior to fixation also induce a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations compared to the control, primarily at the expense of both breaks and dicentrics (telomeric associations). The joint action of CF and e-HSP70 on cultivated cells during 6 and 24 h and when CF and e-HSP70 were added respectively on 24 and 6 h prior to fixation, a significant decrease in chromosomal aberrations compared to the control level was induced. A simultaneous addition of CF and e-HSP70 in 6 h with the following cultivation for 18 h in fresh medium prior to fixation exerted no influence on the degree of genotoxicity effect, typical of the separate action of these agents. However a significant decrease in the number of dicentrics occurred. Apparently, e-HSP70 has a protective effect on chromosomal stability mainly at phase 62 of the mitotic cycle. The denaturated e-HSP70 (50, 100 mg/ml) has a genotoxicity effect similar to that of the infact e-HSP70 under above conditions. The joint action of CF and denaturated e-HSP70 (50 mg/ml) during 24 h exerts no influence on the degree of genotoxicity effect, induced by the separate action of these agents or leads to an increase in the number of dicentrics, acting separately or jointly compared to the control. The denaturated e-HSP70 (100 mg/ml) acting jointly with CF for 24 h, increases the degree of genotoxicity effects, induced by separate actions of the agents. Lipopolysacharide (50 mg/ml) exerts no influence on the number of chromosomal aberrations in the control. The sensitivity of individual chromosomes and their regions to agents inducing chromosomal instability is different. The preferential involvement of some chromosomes in dicentric formation was observed. A possible role of dicentrics in adaptation of cells belonging to "markerless" lines to infavourable factors of the environment, and possible mechanisms of protecting effect exerted by e-HSP70 on chromosomes are discussed.

Continuous growth of the yeast Debaryomyces formicarius was comparatively studied in two types of open systems, viz, chemostat and a continuous-flow column packed with sand. The dynamics of concentrations of growth substrates and microbial biomass was assayed in the column and in the column eluate in the conditions of carbon and nitrogen limitation. A kinetic model for microbial growth in the continuous-flow column is proposed; the model is based on the assumption that the microbial population contains free and immobilized cells which differ sharply in their metabolic activity. Principal differences in the kinetics of microbial growth in continuous-flow columns as compared to that in chemostat are discussed.

The growth kinetics of Mucor plumbeus and Mortierella ramanniana colonies was studied during cultivation of these two soil fungi on solid media with glucose as a limiting substrate. Within the whole studied range of glucose concentrations (s), the radial growth rate of colonies (Kr) can be satisfactorily described with the following equation that takes substrate inhibition into consideration: (Formula: see text) The values of kinetic parameters for M. plumbeus and Mort. ramanniana, respectively, are: the maximal radial growth rate Kr(max), 0.434 and 0.075 mm/hr; the saturation constant Ks, 6.5 and 5.6 mg/l; the substrate inhibition constant, Ks(i), 3315 and 98.6 mg/l. The mechanism of substrate inhibition is manifested in a decrease in the width (volume) of the peripheral zone of the colonial growth at high substrate concentrations, and is not related to a decrease in the specific growth rate of the fungi. Regardless of the drastic differences in the Kr of the two cultures, their specific growth rates are similar and depend on the substrate concentration according to in the same pattern.