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Fluorene hydrocracking was studied on Platinum loaded SiO2 (Aerosil), MCM-41, and five USY commercial zeolites with different Si/Al molar ratios in a High-Pressure Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (HP-STA) at 50 bar of H2. Platinum Aerosil and MCM-41 require higher temperatures for aromatic ring hydrogenation than Pt/zeolites. Hydrogenation of the two aromatic rings occurs completely before isomerization and cracking begin on zeolites. The lower the zeolites' Si/Al framework, the lower the peak temperature of the hydrocracking reaction. Hydrocracking enthalpy shows a positive correlation with strong Bronsted acid sites concentration measured by pyridine adsorption.

Background: Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute aortic syndrome should improve the outcome of this disease. The Spanish Registry of Acute Aortic Syndrome aimed to assess current results in acute aortic syndrome management in a wide cohort of hospitals in the same geographical area. Methods: From January 2012 to January 2014, 26 tertiary hospitals included 629 consecutive patients with acute aortic syndrome: 73% men, mean age 64.7±14 years (range 22–92), 443 type A (70.4%) and 186 type B (29.6%). Results: Time elapsed between symptom onset and diagnosis was th–75th percentiles, 2.7–15.5 hours). Computed tomography was the first diagnostic technique in 78% of patients and transthoracic echocardiography in 15%. Surgical treatment was indicated in 78.3% of type A acute aortic syndrome. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 4.8 hours (quartile 1–3, 2.5–11.4 hours). Among the patients with type B acute aortic syndrome, treatment was medical in 116 cases (62.4%), endovascular in 61 (32.8%) and surgical in nine (4.8%). Type A mortality during hospitalisation was 25.1% in patients treated surgically and 68% in those treated medically. Mortality in type B was 13.8% in those with medical treatment, 18.0% with endovascular therapy and 33.0% with surgical treatment. Conclusion: Improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of acute aortic syndrome have not resulted in a significant reduction in hospital mortality. The results of this study reflect more overall and less selected information on acute aortic syndrome management and the need for sustained advances in the therapeutic strategy of acute aortic syndrome.

Purpose. To evaluate the sonographic findings of mesenteric panniculitis (MP) and correlate them with CT findings. Methods. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical, CT, and sonographic findings in 26 cases of MP in our hospital between January 1997 and July 2003. We also reviewed the sonographic features of MP previously described in the literature. Results. The sonographic findings were well correlated to CT in 24 of 26 patients (92%). In these 24 cases, abdominal sonographic examination revealed a hyperechogenic, well-defined fatty mass (corresponding to the pseudocapsule CT sign) in the root of the mesentery, displacing the bowel loops. We found a clear interface between MP and normal intra abdominal fat. Examination with color Doppler sonography revealed the nondeviated mesenteric vessels within the mass. The persence of MP improved sonographic transmission in 9 obese patients and enabled the retroperitoneal vessels to be clearly visualized. Sonography was unable to demonstrate the preservation of the fat nearest the mesenteric vessels corresponding to the “fatty halo” sign on CT. Conclusions. Sonography is useful in the diagnostic workup for MP. The characteristic sonographic features of MP (well-defined mass, homogeneous hyperechogenicity of the mass, nondeviated vessels within the mass, and displaced bowel loops) correlate well with CT findings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:169–176, 2006

Purpose The aims of the study were to evaluate the ability of Power Doppler (PD) sonography to demonstrate the collateral circulation of the kidney in pediatric patients and to assess the change in this circulation in patients with decreased cortical blood flow. Methods Seventy-seven children were studied by PD sonography to identify capsular and perforating collateral vessels. The study included healthy subjects and patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN) or prenatal pyelectasia. Three age groups were established: neonates, children from 1 month to 2 years old, and a group from 2 to 15 years old. Results In all neonates, PD sonography was able to identify perforating vessels and the exorenal arcade. In the group of children age 1 month to 2 years, perforating vessels and the exorenal arcade were also visualized. Patients of this group affected by APN presented an increased caliber of capsular vessels surrounding avascular pyelonephritic areas. In the group ranging from 2 to 15 years old, capsular and perforating vessels were seen in the younger children. There was a decrease in caliber and number of vessels in older children. Conclusions Exorenal circulation can be visualized in the normal pediatric kidney by the use of PD sonography. Caliber and number of vessels are greater during the neonatal period and decrease in older children. Our results also suggest that hypoperfused conditions, such as extensive APN, may cause variations of this vascularity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound33:255–260, 2005

Early-onset hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies are rare diseases representing a broad clinical and genetic spectrum. Without a notable familial history, the clinical diagnosis is complicated because acquired causes of peripheral neuropathy, such as inflammatory neuropathies, neuropathies with toxic causes, and nutritional deficiencies, must be considered. We examined the clinical, electrophysiological, and pathologic manifestations of a boy with an initial diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The progression of the disease despite treatment led to a suspicion of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Genetic testing revealed the presence of the MPZ p.D90E mutation in heterozygosis. To clarify the pathogenicity of this mutation and achieve a conclusive diagnosis, we investigated the MPZ p.D90E mutation through in silico and cellular approaches. This study broadens the clinical phenotype of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy due to MPZ mutation and emphasises the difficulty of achieving an accurate genetic diagnosis in a sporadic patient to provide an appropriate pharmacologic treatment.

This is a crossroads time for dictionaries in print in general and for bilingual dictionaries of Economics in printin particular. A time when the prevalence of information technologies supposedly makes access to specializedlexicographical information easier and faster. The present study first reviews briefly the current situation of bilingual dictionaries of Economics on paper and their viability in a near future. It then examines, with more detail, the specific lexicographical issue of incorporating (i.e. translating) English financial neonyms, which appear practically everyday in print and internet media, into English-Spanish/Spanish-English Dictionaries of Economics on paper, normally published in the lapse of years. This gap between the immediacy of the Internet and the delay of printing, seems to cause serious problems to bilingual lexicographers specialized in Economics especially when questionable translations of such neonyms are already circulating on the web. This, in addition to the ample presence of electronic glossaries and dictionaries, easily accessible by translators and professionals, but whose reliability, on the other hand, is not always guaranteed. Finally, a more active role is recommended to bilingual lexicographers in Economics by taking advantage of internet information media services and by joining efforts with finance experts and professionals.

Without doubt, multicast communication as a means for one-to-many or many-to-many delivery of data has become a hot topic in multimedia environments. A lot of people are interested in multicast: the research community, standards groups and Internet Service Providers (ISP) among them. Although IP multicast is a very good solution for Internetworking multimedia in many-to-many communications, there are still issues that have not been completely solved. Protocols are still evolving and new protocols are constantly coming up to solve these issues because that is the only way for making multicast become a true Internet service. The main goal of this chapter is to describe the evolution of IP multicast from the obsolete MBone (Multicast Backbone) and intra-domain multicast routing to the actual inter-domain multicast routing scheme. We will pay special attention to the challenges and problems that need to be solved, the problems that have been solved and the way they were solved. We will make a complete picture of the state of the art explaining the idea behind each protocol and how all those protocols work together.

IP multicast has proven to be very good for many-to-many multimedia communications like audio and video conferencing. However there are only a few Internet service providers offering it as a true Internet service to their customers. The reason is that nowadays, IP multicast has many issues like billing, authentication, security protection against malicious people and so on. In fact, DoS attacks can be easily caused in IP multicast-enabled networks. We describe how to solve some of these problems.

Aims: To evaluate whether Beta trace protein (BTP) and cystatin C (CysC) provide information to the CRUSADE bleeding score for predicting major bleeding (MB); and to compare them to other renal function parameters in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Methods and results: We included 273 pts with NSTE-ACS. NSTE-ACS was defined as ischemic symptoms lasting ≥10 min and occurring ≤72-h before admission and either ST-segment deviation of ≥1 mm or elevated levels of a cardiac biomarker of necrosis. All blood samples were obtained before coronary angiography within 24-h of admission. The study endpoint was MB (BARC definition criteria: bleeding type 3 to type 5). During a follow-up of 760 days [411-1098], 25 pts (9.2%) had MB. Pts with MB had higher BTP (0.98 [0.71-1.16] vs 0.72 mg/L [0.60-0.91], p=0.002), CysC (1.05 [0.91-1.30] vs 0.90 mg/L [0.75-1.08], p=0.003) and lower eGFR (66±27 vs 80±30 mL/min/1.73m2, p=0.02) than pts without MB; there were no differences in creatinine levels between both groups (p=0.14). In multivariate analyses, a BTP>0.97 mg/L (HR=3.4, 95% CI=1.5-7.9, p=0.004) and CysC>0.96 mg/L (HR=3.1, 95% CI=1.2-7.5, p=0.02) were significant predictors of MB, while eGFR using MDRD equations and creatinine were not. Among subjects with eGFR>60ml/min/1.73m2, those with elevated BTP or CysC had a significantly higher risk for MB (Fig. 1). NRI from the addition of BTP and CysC to CRUSADE were 38% and 21% respectively, while the relative IDI were 12% and 4%. ![Figure][1] Figure 1A, B Conclusion: BTP and CysC were superior to conventional renal parameters for predicting MB, and provide complementary information to the CRUSADE score in NSTE-ACS. Future studies should assess the potential role of incorporating these renal function biomarkers into the bleeding risk scales. [1]: pending:yes