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Digital transformation affects all social spheres bringing to life interactive technologies and virtual reality. Since the virtual (digital) space depends on the digital and creative solutions that form its technological base, insofar the legal regime of copying creative solutions affects both the freedom of creativity necessary for sustainable development and public control which is significant for maintaining the manageability of sovereign states and integrational unions.Aim. Improving the legal regime for the protection of interactive works to create a universal and harmonious information space where the rights of authors and the economic interests of software developers are protected, as well as digital sovereignty is guaranteed.Tasks. The concept development for legal protection of interactive works and the political and legal modeling of the digital (information) space presuppose the implementation of international agreements in the field of intellectual rights, as well as solution of several tasks to formalize the results of the creative activity that are perceived through digital technologies.Methods. Political and legal modeling of the digital space is carried out by introducing terminological certainty and creating a system of the interactive works protection. Such legal construction should provide effective public control while preserving creative freedom in digital space.Results. The protection of the copyright and moral rights of the authors of interactive works differs significantly from the legal protection of audiovisual artworks and literature. While the form of objective expression in computer programs may be similar to a literary artwork, their perception by the target audience is fundamentally different in that it models a virtual (digital) space, which the state administration seeks to control in recent years.Conclusion. The state administration’s tendency to digital sovereignty makes sense only if the target audience demonstrates high demand for interactive artworks published under the state jurisdiction. Since the information space is universal, the digital sovereignty of the state is inextricably linked with participation in integration unions that ensure the p roper quality of the results of creative work and create the digital space that is necessary under digital transformation for the interactive art development and the prosperity of creative corporations.

Particulars o f factors o f navigational and ecological safety on the example o f the Obb Bay when sailing in areas with the situation quickly changed. Apparatus o f artificial neural networks for operational situation appraisal in the nearest marine ship's zone has been suggested. Basic types o f neural network architecture suitable for analysis o f dynamic territorial situation has been also advised. Comparison o f artificial neural structure on parameter o f fast acting and exactness applicable for the task o f situation appraisal has been made. It shows the advantage o f recurrent neural network

The study was carried out with the focus on the current issues of sociolinguistics related to the search for ways to preserve the languages of small peoples. The article systematizes data on the state of the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation living in the North, Siberia and the Far East, presented in modern publications of historians and linguists, and the documents that reflect the results of the 2010 population census of the Russian Federation, considers the influence of sociolinguistic factors on the language situation in these territories. Having analyzed the world experience of legal language legislation on preserving the cultures and languages of small peoples, the authors attempted to apply some global criteria to the Russian legislation and socio-economic practice and identified socially significant criteria for establishing the language situation in relation to the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation living in the North, Siberia and the Far East: the total number of speakers of the language, the use of the language in the education system, the availability of educational and methodological materials for teaching, the factor of inter-generational transmission of a language, the attitudes to the functional benefits from practicing the language among its native speakers. By compiling a methodology for categorizing the language survival type five prototypes of the language state were identified on the basis of statistical data: safe; relatively safe; endangered; critically endangered; close to extinction or dead languages. The authors offered a set of extralinguistic criteria for obtaining objective data on the state of the language and made a supposition that despite the evidence that the languages of the indigenous small-numbered northern peoples of the Russian Federation, with rare exceptions, are on the verge of extinction, significant efforts are being made by the government of the country and the indigenous northern peoples themselves to preserve these languages.

The collective monograph “Тhе Idea of Good in F. М. Dostoevsky’s Work and Its Influence on тhе Development of the Philosophy of Law (To the 200th anniversary of F. М. Dostoevsky)” has become a significant event in the world of world science that studies issues of international law.Within the framework of this book, great attention is paid to the opposition of the multivector forces of “Good — Evil” in relation to the Russian Federation through the work of F. M. Dostoevsky. Now, on the western borders of the Russian Federation, the actions of a number of western unfriendly states that are members of the NATO military bloc have intensified, which, from the point of view of F. M. Dostoevsky abandoned God and bring evil, vices and death to the whole world. At the same time, the Russian Federation faced an ideological vacuum after the fall of the USSR and the rejection of socialist ideals. The authors show that Russia can offer the world a new civilizational ideology of Good within which there will be a spiritual transformation and liberation of mankind from temptations, strengthening of faith in God, the establishment of Christian love and virtue. The development of the ideology of Good is becoming the historical mission of Russia in the 21st century.

The article conducts a study to determine the mechanism of effective legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts when establishing mutually beneficial relations between participants in a foreign economic transaction who are subjects of law of different states by type of economic activity in accordance with and in accordance with the terms agreed by the parties on the basis of the applicable norms of national and international law and the legislation of the countries regulating these legal relations in foreign economic activity.Aim. To propose the most optimal directions for improving the legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts in the system of international integration.Tasks. To determine the legal basis for regulating foreign trade contracts in modern integration processes; to investigate the legal aspects, specifics and procedure for concluding foreign trade contracts, as well as to identify legal problems that hinder the development of these legal relations.Methods. In this research we used methods of comparative law, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of deduction and induction.Results. In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that there are some problematic aspects of both national and international regulation in the field of foreign trade contracts. These problems are expressed in the absence of a single legal regulation for the conclusion and execution of foreign trade contracts, the presence of specific requirements for the content of the contract in different countries, and as a result, the appearance of conflicts at the stage of agreement of the text of the contract by partners from different countries, as well as in the absence of a single legal mechanism ensuring fair resolution of disputes between the parties to the contract.Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of the actual problems associated with the lack of the necessary comprehensive legal regulation of the content of foreign trade contracts, the authors propose optimal ways to solve them by harmonizing legislation at the international level in order to humanely and fairly bring together the legislations of states and establish comparable regulatory legal regulation in relation to the legal regulation of the content, conclusion and execution of a foreign trade contract.

A significant portion of today’s marketing is done through social media influencers, that is, through bloggers with established online credibility in a certain area who are recognized and followed by a sizable online audience. In the travel and hospitality industry, the influencer marketing is primarily done through Instagram due to its emphasis on visual images rather than texts. Covid-19 related travel restrictions and shrinking social media advertisement in travel industry have heavily impacted travel influencers, reducing their income and forcing many out of business. We present the outcomes of a study of the top 150 online travel influencers. The analysis is based on 11,000 photographs and texts published in two time periods before and during COVID-19 epidemics. We found that COVID-19 has induced transformative changes in the influencers’ online behavior reflected in changes in their posting frequency, themes, and expressed emotions.

Derivatization of 2D materials for bioapplications is at the forefront of nanomaterials research nowadays. Facile synthesis of the biografted 2D derivatives and insight into the conformation of the conjugated biomolecules are two pillars, promoting advances in the field of biosensing, drug delivery and regeneration techniques. This work is devoted to the synthesis and conjugation of carboxylated graphene by aptamers followed by theoretical analysis of their conformation in the immobilized state. Employing the developed method, the hole-matrixed graphene with up to 11.1 at.% reactive carboxyl groups was synthesized and thoroughly examined via core-level spectroscopy and time-resolved methods. The mechanism of the performed carboxylation with conversion of graphene oxide into carboxylated graphene is proposed, unveiling commonly disregarded impact of ether-like components to the fingerprints of the carboxyl groups. We show successful covalent immobilization of the AO-01 aptamer against Hepatitis B protein on the synthesized C-xy graphene and for the first time reveal its conformation both in free and immobilized forms via a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) modeling. Taken together, these results advance the application of graphene derivatives grafted with the biomolecules in the field of biosensing.

In the context of deepening international integration in the Eurasian space, the study of the legal protection of migrant workers is fundamental issue for both ensuring socio-economic fairness and gradual transformation of the state sovereignty into the institutional basis of supranational constitutionalism, which guarantees the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms.Aim. Improving the legal regulation of labor migration at the international, supranational and state levels through the harmonization of migration legislation in the Eurasian region.Tasks. Identification of conflicts and inaccuracies in the legal regulation of labor migration, as well as the development of recommendations for implementation of international agreements on the organized recruitment of workers between the receiving countries and countries of origin of migrants.Methods. A comparative legal analysis of international, supranational and state migration law in the process of research is supplemented by a discursive analysis of scientific literature on labor migration issues.Results. Protecting the socio-economic rights of migrant workers is the main task of host states, where migrants can become ether a criminogenic factor or a constructive social element. It is rational to organize national regulation of labor migration in integration associations of states, such as the EAEU, on the principles of national treatment for migrant workers. International agreements on the organized recruitment of workers between receiving countries and countries of origin of migrants should ensure the adaptation of migrants to the legal regime of the host country, the participation of migrants in the functioning of civil society institutions, and the monitoring of migration processes.Conclusion. Labor migration strengthens integration unions, creating strong social ties and developing civil society institutions within the boundaries of integration associations. Since state sovereignty is inextricably linked with the protection of the interests of fellow citizens, insofar as in the process of regulating labor migration, all states participating in regional integration are called upon not only to protect the rights of migrant workers, but also to provide all conditions for migrants to fulfill their obligations to civil society.

Aim. To analyze relevant provisions of the main national and international regulatory legal acts in the field of monitoring and control of new potentially dangerous substances.Tasks. To study the current legal regulation of legal and illicit trafficking of new psychoactive substances in the Russian Federation and the EAEU states. To examine new amendments in the legislation of the European Union regulating the substances traffic control and illicit traffic countering. To provide an overview of the procedures of new psychoactive substances scheduling under the International Drug Control Conventions. To formulate proposals for improving the national and international anti-drug legislation.Methods. The methods of logical and comparative legal analysis, as well as the legal prediction method have been used in this article.Results. The legislation of the EAEU countries in the field of the control of the legal and illicit trafficking of new psychoactive substances needs to be improved and harmonized. The substances scheduling procedures under the international drug control conventions in the EU and the UN are very difficult multi-stage and excessively long. The timing of adoption of new regulatory acts certainly does not correspond to the potential danger of uncontrolled trafficking of new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances for public health.Conclusion. The penalties under Art. 234.1 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code “Illicit trafficking of potentially dangerous psychoactive substances” should be toughened. The legal procedure for forming the state Register of new psychoactive substances must be changed. In the EAEU countries, it should be necessary to make agreement at the interstate level about a uniform approach to the introduction and content of criminal justice responses to the illicit trafficking of new psychoactive substances. In the EU countries and in the frame of the UN, the scheduling procedure under international drug control should be changed regarding new psychoactive substance. All such substances of this kind should be included in a Special Annex for which certain agreed control measures would be prescribed, with the possibility of subsequent expert evaluation of the potential danger of the substance to individual and public health. These established control measures in the fut ure might be toughened or reduced based on the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence critical review and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) position.

Interactive graphical genome browsers are essential tools for biologists working with DNA sequences. Although tens of thousands of new genome assemblies have become available over the last decade, accessibility is limited by the work involved in manually creating browsers and curating annotations. The results can push the limits of data storage infrastructure. To facilitate managing this increasing number of genome assemblies, we created the Genome Archive (GenArk) collection of UCSC Genome Browsers from assemblies hosted at NCBI(1). Built on our established assembly hub system, this collection enables fast, on-demand visualization of chromosome regions without requiring a database server. Available annotations include gene models, some mapped through whole-genome alignments, repeat masks, GC content, and others. We also modified our popular BLAT(2) aligner and in-silico PCR to support a large number of genomes using limited RAM. Users can upload additional annotations themselves via track hubs(3) and custom tracks. We can import more annotations in bulk from third-party resources, demonstrated here with TOGA(4) gene models. 2,430 GenArk assemblies are listed at https://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/hubs/ and can be found by searching on the main UCSC gateway page. We will continue to add human high-quality assemblies and for other organisms, we are looking forward to receiving requests from the research community for ever more browsers and whole-genome alignments via http://genome.ucsc.edu/assemblyRequest.html.

Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Northern Europe, North America and East Asia. However data on GERD prevalence in Russian population are very limited.To determine the prevalence of GERD among the population of Russia, the clinical spectrum of GERD symptoms, the main drugs used for GERD treatment, and the rate of their administration.The study was conducted from November 2015 to January 2017 in 8 cities of Russia. A survey of patients over the age of 18 years old visiting outpatient medical institutions for any reason, including patients without gastrointestinal complaints was carried out using a short version of the Mayo Clinic questionnaire.In total, 6132 questionnaires of patients aged 1890 years were analyzed [2456 men (40.1%) and 3676 women (59.9%), mean age 46.615.4 years]. The GERD prevalence among the interviewed patients was 34.2%. The incidence of GERD increased depending on body mass index and the age of the patients. Medications used by the patients for heartburn relief included proton pump inhibitors 59.96%, antacids 67.92%, H2-histamine receptor blockers 11.42%, alginates 18.41% of patients.The results of this study indicate a high prevalence of GERD among residents of Russian cities applying for primary health care (34.2%). In comparison with previous studies, an increase in the proportion of GERD patients taking proton pump inhibitors was noted; in most cases the regimen of their intake was in accordance with the recommendations.Обоснование. В последние годы отмечается увеличение распространенности гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (ГЭРБ) в странах Северной Европы, Северной Америки и Восточной Азии. Данные о распространенности ГЭРБ в российской популяции весьма ограничены. Цель. Определить распространенность ГЭРБ среди населения России, клинический спектр симптомов ГЭРБ, основные лекарственные препараты, применяемые для лечения заболевания, и частоту их приема. Материалы и методы. Исследование было проведено в период с ноября 2015 по январь 2017 г. в 8 городах России. Проводилось анкетирование пациентов старше 18 лет по короткому варианту опросника клиники Мэйо, посещавших амбулаторные медицинские учреждения по любой причине, в том числе не имевших жалоб со стороны органов пищеварения. Результаты. Всего проанализировано 6132 анкеты пациентов в возрасте 1890 лет [2456 (40,1%) мужчин и 3676 (59,9%) женщин, средний возраст 46,615,4 года]. Распространенность ГЭРБ среди опрошенных пациентов составила 34,2%. Наблюдалось увеличение частоты ГЭРБ с повышением индекса массы тела и возраста пациентов. Наиболее часто для купирования изжоги и регургитации опрошенные пациенты принимали ингибиторы протонной помпы 59,96% и антациды 67,92%, реже блокаторы Н2-рецепторов гистамина 11,42%, альгинаты 18,41%. Заключение. Результаты настоящего исследования свидетельствуют о высокой распространенности ГЭРБ среди жителей городов России, обратившихся за первичной медицинской помощью (34,2%). В сравнении с ранее проведенными исследованиями отмечено увеличение доли больных ГЭРБ, получавших ингибиторы протонной помпы, при этом в большинстве случаев режим их приема соответствует рекомендациям.

The development of Russia’s largest Gorevskoye leadzinc deposit (Gorevsky GOK, Novoangarsky OK) will depend on promising deposits of the Angara polymetallic ore region, in particular, those of the Rassokhinsky ore cluster. Based on the analysis of geological and geophysical information of previous and current studies, a major Limonite pyrite-polymetallic (massive sulfide) deposit is forecasted within it. The main lithological and stratigraphic criterion for the localization of ores is determined by their confinement to high-carbon black quartz-sericite schists of the upper subformation of the Potoskuy suite of the Upper Riphean. In the top of this pack, layered and massive pyrite-polymetallic ores, 70– 140 m thick, are localized. Based on PPA data, lead and zinc content in core varies from fractions of a percent to several percent, based on the ICP-AES method: 0,1– 3,7 % Pb, 0,1–6,4 % Zn, Pb : Zn ratio is 1 : (1–10).

A review of scientific articles published over the past 15 years in leading foreign scientific journals on international law demonstrates the gradual improvement of legal means for the settlement of maritime disputes between the states.Aim. Identification of the features for application of the law of the sea norms targeted on the resolution of maritime disputes that develop in the modern international system.Tasks. Development of the classification of maritime disputes, analysis of the jurisdiction of the judicial authorities competent to resolve maritime disputes, characterization of the provisions of international agreements and customs of the law of the sea in the resolution of maritime disputes by the International Court of Justice of the United Nations (ICJ), the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague (PCA).Methods. Discourse analysis of the most authoritative publications on the issue of resolving maritime disputes, a formal legal analysis of the norms and customs of maritime law, as well as a comparative legal study of judicial and arbitration practice in resolving interstate maritime disputes. Law enforcement practice on maritime disputes allows to characterize the subject of modern interstate maritime disputes; critically assess the fairness of decisions of international courts; to analyze the problems of enforceability of judicial and arbitral awards in the framework of the procedures for the settlement of maritime disputes provided for in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.Results. Reasonable decisions of the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague are usually implemented by the states parties to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Protection of the marine environment as well as prompt release of ships and crews from arrest have become a modern legal reality due to the effectiveness of the legal mechanism for resolving interstate maritime disputes. Territorial maritime disputes cause significant difficulties at all stages of their resolution, which is due to their political nature and the efforts of states to protect their national interests.Conclusion. The resolution of maritime territorial disputes requires more flexibility from the parties, an international agreement between the parties to the dispute on the procedure for its consideration, as well as the use of conciliation procedures to work out a compromise solution to the dispute.

The article analyzes the current state of the civil circulation of real estate within the Eurasian Economic Union as a supranational formation, examines the legal basis for the international turnover of real estate, as well as identifies legal problems.Aim. Suggest the best ways to solve the problems of international turnover of real estate within the Eurasian Economic Union.Tasks. To determine the legal basis for the regulation of international turnover of real estate within the EAEU, to analyze the state of the real estate market within the EAEU, as well as to identify legal problems that hinder the development of these social relations.Methods. In this research we used methods of comparative law, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of deduction and induction.Results. In the course of the research the authors conclude that there are some problematic aspects of both national and international regulation in the field of international real estate transactions. These problems are expressed in the absence of uniform norms governing the procedure for certifying real estate transactions, as well as in the absence of a unified legal mechanism for such transactions.Conclusion. As a result of analysis of problems of current legislation, the authors propose ways to solve them by creating a uniform (unified) rules in the field of notarization of real estate transactions within the Eurasian Economic Union.

COVID-19 infection can cause various pathological processes in the eyes [1]. Changes in the vascular membrane of the eye can not always be differentiated without mistakes from malignance. The miss-diagnostics of choroidal melanoma can lead to incorrect and aggressive treatment [2]. The clinical report shows the absence of positive dynamics in choroiditis in a patient in the COVID-19 convalescence which allowed the suspicion a tumor. The result of cytological examination indicated a neoplasm of melanocytic in origin which was an indication for enucleation. In the laboratory settings the role of cytological examination is very important for diagnostic of choroidal melanoma. Such approach together with histological examination presents as best diagnostics pathway of choroidal melanoma. Key words: cytology, ocular melanoma, choroidal melanoma.

Tourism is a powerful economic driver for communities, but there are dangers of overtourism in tourism-dependent destinations. The study proposes an approach to detect early signs of overtourism by integrating census and industry data with residents’ perceptions of tourism benefits. The indicators include industry performance, its economic impacts, and indirect measures related to quality of life. The public perceptions are collected through surveying four different tourism-dependent communities in Florida. We found that in general local residents are highly positive about the tourism industry benefits to their communities, yet many respondents would like the tourism levels reduced. Especially concerning are negative sentiments toward tourism among the younger population groups and racial minorities. The findings are interpreted as early signs of overtourism.

The cell composition of native transplant autosmes (NTA) used for bone plastics was studied. The histological examination showed the fragments of bone beams with preserved osteoblasts, the foci of myeloid and lymphoid hematopoiesis and the fibrin deposits, which suggested the presence of MMSCs. Immunophenotyping of the NTA cell population revealed a high level of expression of the surface markers CD105, CD73, and CD90 characteristic for MMSC. DNA-flow cytometry of the bone dust confirmed almost complete preservation of graft viability on the 3rd day of culturing (97.7 % of live cells). The data of this study confirm the presence of the osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of the bone dust and emphasize the importance of a further study of this-type bone graft for use in surgical interventions.

Systematic review of articles on the problem of measuring political trust published in such authoritative scientific journals as “European Political Science Review”, “British Journal of Politics and International Relations”, “Parliamentary Affairs”, “Journal of Public Policy”, “Political Science Quarterly”, “Perspectives on Politics” and “International Journal of Public Opinion Research”, demonstrates considerable attention of scientists to the problem of political trust in a modern democracy and pursues as its goal the development of a methodological basis for political trust research. The methodology of the review on the problem of measuring political trust involves a comparative analysis of the results of studies in the field of assessing political trust. Among the main tasks of the article are: generalization of scientific approaches to political trust, development of methods for political trust measurements and its result interpretation, characterization of the crisis of trust in a modern democracy. The objectives of the study include identifying conceptual scientific works of Western scientists for the period 2011–2021, which allow tracing the modernization of ideas about the object of political trust, characterize the methods of measuring the level of political trust used in modern socio-political science, and reveal differences in the formation of moral and strategic trust. The differences in moral political trust, where trusting relationships are formed on the basis of the experience and personal interaction of subjects, and strategic trust, where political culture is formed and certain expectations that political leaders will make correct, rational decisions are based on fundamental ideas about the political an order where constant change forms personal and institutional ties. Measuring political trust, which is the basis of interaction between citizens and the state, is an issue of fundamental importance for characterizing the quality of democracy, and the rule of law is impossible without a high level of political trust.

We investigate the correlation of Sergius Bulgakov’s views on the inescapable tragedy of philosophy with contradictions rooted in Bulgakov’s philosophy itself. Based on comparative analyses of Bulgakov’s views on the evolution of philosophy and peculiarities of Bulgakov’s philosophizing, we conclude that the meaning created by his mental image of “the tragedy of philosophy” is much broader and more versatile than he himself intended. The tragedy of philosophical thinking is expressed in contradictions that arise between system-creating aspirations for philosophy and the need for the free movement of thought; between the passionate desire to affirm human individuality and the desire to substantiate the absolute basis of Being; between the will to live and the search for the meaning of life; between the philosophical search for truth and religious dogma; between the claims of reason and the ocean of the overmind or macrocosmic; and finally, the awareness of the acuteness of these contradictions and of the impossibility of going beyond their tragic circle. We conclude that Bulgakov’s philosophical quest is the ultimate expression of the tragedy of philosophy. This is inevitable: immersion in the mythic is a natural result of the evolution of philosophy, striving for the Absolute.

Bats carry viruses that can cause severe disease in other mammals. Asymptomatic infections in bats suggest limited tissue-damaging inflammation and immunopathology. To investigate the genomic basis of disease resistance, the Bat1K project generated reference-quality genomes of ten bat species. A systematic analysis showed that signatures of selection in immune genes are more prevalent in bats compared with other mammals. We found an excess of immune gene adaptations in the ancestral Chiroptera and many descending bat lineages, highlighting viral entry and detection factors, and regulators of antiviral and inflammatory responses. ISG15, an antiviral gene contributing to hyperinflammation during COVID-19, exhibits a deletion of a cysteine, required for homodimer formation, in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats. Cellular infection experiments showed enhanced intracellular protein conjugation of bat ISG15 and lack of secretion into extracellular space, where human ISG15 stimulates inflammation. Our work highlights molecular mechanisms contributing to viral tolerance and disease resistance in bats.

Stop codon miscoding events give rise to longer proteins, which may alter the protein’s function and thereby generate short-lasting phenotypic variability from a single gene.In order to systematically assess the frequency and origin of stop codon miscoding events, we designed a library of reporters. We introduced premature stop codons into mScarlet that enabled high-throughput quantification of protein synthesis termination errors inE.coliusing fluorescent microscopy. We found that under stress conditions, stop codon miscoding may occur with a rate as high as 80%, depending on the nucleotide context, suggesting that evolution frequently samples stop codon miscoding events. The analysis of selected reporters by mass spectrometry and RNA-seq showed that not only translation but also transcription errors contribute to stop codon miscoding. The RNA polymerase is more likely to misincorporate a nucleotide at premature stop codons. Proteome-wide detection of stop codon miscoding by mass spectrometry revealed that temperature regulates the expression of cryptic sequences generated by stop codon miscoding inE.coli.Overall, our findings suggest that the environment influences the accuracy of protein production, which increases protein heterogeneity when the organisms need to adapt to new conditions.

The precise pattern and timing of speciation events that gave rise to all living placental mammals remain controversial. We provide a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of genetic variation across an alignment of 241 placental mammal genome assemblies, addressing prior concerns regarding limited genomic sampling across species. We compared neutral genome-wide phylogenomic signals using concatenation and coalescent-based approaches, interrogated phylogenetic variation across chromosomes, and analyzed extensive catalogs of structural variants. Interordinal relationships exhibit relatively low rates of phylogenomic conflict across diverse datasets and analytical methods. Conversely, X-chromosome versus autosome conflicts characterize multiple independent clades that radiated during the Cenozoic. Genomic time trees reveal an accumulation of cladogenic events before and immediately after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, implying important roles for Cretaceous continental vicariance and the K-Pg extinction in the placental radiation.

PurposeThis study aims to conduct a systematic review and critically analyze the sentiment analysis literature in hospitality and tourism from methodological (data sets and analyzes) and thematic (topics, theories, key constructs and their relationships) perspectives.Design/methodology/approachQualitative thematic review and quantitative systematic review were performed on 70 papers obtained from hospitality and tourism categories of two databases, namely, Web of Science and Scopus.FindingsA total of 5 topics and 27 sub-topics were identified and the major theme is market intelligence. Sentiment variables were investigated not only as independent but also as dependent variables. The customer rating is the most investigated dependent variable, whereas moderators and mediators were rarely tested. Most reviewed studies did not use theory. The findings from the methodological review show that analysis of big data was rare. Moreover, testing the performance of sentiment analyzes was uncommon, and only one paper tested the performance of aspect/feature extraction.Research limitations/implicationsThis study extends prior review studies by providing a comprehensive view of how knowledge and methodologies of sentiment analysis have developed. The identified themes and key constructs serve as a solid base for future knowledge advancement. Future research directions on sentiment analysis are also provided.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive methodological and thematic review of sentiment analysis in hospitality and tourism. Based on the identified findings, the authors propose several directions for future research.

Objective. To present a virtual three-dimensional model of pathologically altered segments of the patient’s spine and to analyze the results of its application when planning a surgical intervention in the smartphone-assisted augmented reality.Material and Methods. A three-dimensional modeling of the target area of the intended surgical site was performed based on computed tomography data of five patients with various spinal deformities. A smartphone application has been developed that allows displaying a three-dimensional object of the intended surgical site in the form of augmented reality.Results. The created virtual three-dimensional models were successfully used in five cases for preoperative planning and simulation training before surgery, which allowed to see in detail the anatomical features of the spine, the location of vascular structures when contrasting them, and to plan the direction of the screws. The potential of using augmented reality in clinical practice was demonstrated.Conclusion. The advantages of the smartphone-assisted augmented reality technology for preoperative planning in spine surgery are the simplicity of creating a computer model, the possibility for a surgeon to use a three-dimensional model for orientation in complex anatomical zone at any time of surgery, and the reduction in the risk of technical errors.

An adaptive low-pass filter has been synthesized for automatic patterns detection of arbitrary mental movements in records of multidimensional electroencephalograms (EEG). The filter is based on the multivariate singular spectrum analysis. The effective bandwidth of the filter corresponds to the spectrum of the sought patterns of mental activity on the observed EEG time interval. The use of the synthesized filter provided a reliable automatic search for patterns and the correct determination of their time boundaries. The correctness of the results has been confirmed in experiments with 24 volunteers.

The modern state of secondary metallurgy is characterized by the sustainable development of technologies that ensure high metal quality by reducing the number of non-metallic inclusions, the which is closely related to the oxygen content in steel after smelting. Therefore, the issues of regularities of oxygen distribution between phases at the stage, BOF - CCM. Purpose. The aim of the research was to determine the conditions of redistribution of oxygen dissolved in the metal depending on the stages of steel processing, to determine the degree of approach of deoxidation processes to thermodynamic equilibrium. Methodology. Research was carried out in industrial scale. Steel grades 34Cr and 36CrB were smelted in BOF of 170-t capacity. Processing of crude steel was carried out in a LF unit with further vacuum degassing and wi thout it and transfer of steel to CCM. At each stage of steel treatment, metal and slag samples were taken using an automatic sampler to determine the chemical composition, and the temperature. Oxygen content were monitored using a "Celox" analyzer. Findings. The carried-out studies showed that before the end of metal processing in the ladle, it is possible to detect individual reoxidation processes caused by unwanted ingress of oxygen from the air and from ladle slag oxides. Accor ding to calculations, in the second half of processing in the ladle and during casting, there is a slight deoxidation of steel with aluminum due to a decrease in temperature. Even if during this time due to the exchange reaction between steel and slag, a small amount of Mn and Si is recovered from the ladle slag, while its composition is practically constant throughout the period of steel processing in the ladle, while the metallurgical reactions proceed in the region of thermodynamic equilibrium. Originality. It has been determined that oxygen activity in steel varies unevenly over time and decreases to 3 ppm by the end of treatment in the ladle. While in each case it is in the Fe – a[O] – Al system near the calculated values of thermodynamic equilibrium. Practical value. The use of the obtained regularities makes it possible to obtain the specified content of aluminum in steel for the studied assortment and to predict the burning of deoxidizers and alloying elements, ensuring the reliability of obtaining the required chemical composition of steel with a high degree of purity. Key words: reoxidation, deoxidation, oxygen activity, slag, metal, non-metallic inclusion After blowing end in the converter, the oxygen activity in steel is in the range of 1000-1500 ppm [1-3]. After tapping from the vessel to a teeming ladle, the oxygen content in the metal is reduced by secondary metallurgy processes in order to provide high-quality of continuously cast billets and high purity of steel. At this stage steel reaches necessary temperature and chemical composition. Important for theory and practice are patterns of oxygen distribution between phases at each stage of secondary metallurgy, studied directly under production conditions. This distribution determines the removal efficiency of harmful impurities, non-metallic inclusions and gases from the steel. It is advisable to compare the measured oxygen contents with equilibrium states, which can be easily achievable in practice, and their calculation can be carried by metallurgical scientists.