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Advanced medicinal products; Financing government; Health technology assessment Medicamentos avanzados; Financiación del gobierno; Evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias Medicaments avançats; Finançament del govern; Avaluació de tecnologies sanitàries Objectives The uncertainty in the cost-benefit of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) is a current challenge for their reimbursement in health systems. This study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of the National Health Authorities (NHAs) reimbursement recommendations issued in different European countries. Methods The NHA reimbursement recommendations for the approved ATMPs were compared among 8 European Union (EU) Countries (EU8: Ireland, England/Wales, Scotland, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy). The search was carried out until December 31, 2021. Results A total of 19 approved ATMPs and 76 appraisal reports were analyzed. The majority of the ATMPs were reimbursed, although with uncertainty in added therapeutic value. No relationship between the type of the European Medicines Agency approval and reimbursement was found. Managed entry agreements, such as payment by results, were necessary to ensure market access. The main issue during the evaluation was to base the cost-effectiveness analyses on assumptions because of the limited long-term data. The estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio among countries reveals high variability. Overall, the median time to NHA recommendation for the EU8 is in the range of 9 to 17 months. Conclusions Transparent, harmonized, and systematic assessments across the EU NHAs in terms of cost-effectiveness, added therapeutic value, and grade of innovativeness are needed. This could lead to a more aligned access, increasing the EU market attractiveness and raising public fairness in terms of patient access and pricing.

O artigo consiste em uma revisão sistemática da literatura autônoma acerca da utilização das certificações de indicações geográficas como política pública de desenvolvimento para as comunidades tradicionais brasileiras. Após uma breve revisão teórica para apresentação dos principais conceitos, utilizou-se os descritores contidos no título junto à base de dados “Google Acadêmico”, que, combinados aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão a partir da verificação de resumos e introduções; identificou 48 artigos, teses e dissertações com limitação temporal entre 2010 e 2020, que trazem como tema central a relação entre o desenvolvimento de comunidades tradicionais e o reconhecimento de indicações geográficas. Realizada a análise bibliométrica e de conteúdo dos trabalhos, foi possível identificar a visibilidade do tema junto aos pesquisadores e suas perspectivas, pontuando-se traços positivos e negativos da indicação geográfica enquanto da política pública. Também foi possível identificar certa ausência de pesquisas sobre a análise jurídico-repressiva e atuação de órgãos fiscalizadores, bem como sobre a atuação de órgãos de apoio, públicos ou privados, no pós-certificação.

Antecedentes: esta investigación pretendía crear un instrumento de observación para estudiar las acciones del baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR) en función de la clasificación funcional de este deporte, así como evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas de validez y fiabilidad. Metodología: utilizando la metodología observacional, se elaboró un instrumento de observación ad hoc (SOCTOD-BSR) mediante la observación y el registro de 34 criterios y 216 categorías identificados como factores de rendimiento. Para registrar y codificar las unidades de observación, se empleó el software LINCE® v.1.4, mientras que, para recodificar los datos, se utilizó LibreOffice v.6.1.1. Se analizaron nueve partidos del Campeonato del Mundo 2014 de BSR, derivándose un total de 1800 unidades de observación en las que se determinaron los comportamientos tácticos ofensivos y defensivos. La validación de contenido se basó en el juicio de expertos y se aceptaron los valores de V de Aiken ≥ .70 con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Para el cálculo de la fiabilidad se aplicó la teoría de la generalizabilidad y el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: se obtuvo un coeficiente V de Aiken de .81 para la validez de contenido por criterio de jueces. La fiabilidad fue excelente, con coeficientes relativos a la heterogeneidad del instrumento y de las pruebas inter e intraobservador de 1 y .98, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el instrumento de observación es válido y fiable para analizar acciones de BSR. Palabras clave: propiedades psicométricas, metodología observacional, clasificación funcional, formaciones, paradeporte. Abstract. Background: this study aimed to develop an observational tool for analyzing wheelchair basketball (WB) actions based on the sport’s functional classification, while also assessing its validity and reliability psychometric properties. Methods: utilizing observational methodology, an ad hoc observation instrument (SOCTOD-BSR) was created by observing and documenting 34 criteria and 217 categories identified as performance factors. LINCE® v.1.4 software was employed for recording and encoding observation units, and data recoding was conducted with LibreOffice v.6.1.1. Nine games from the 2014 WB World Championship were analyzed, resulting in a total of 1800 observation units where offensive and defensive tactical behaviors were determined. Content validity was established through expert judgment, and Aiken’s V values ≥ .70 with a 95% confidence interval were accepted. Generalizability theory and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient were applied to calculate reliability. Results: concerning content validity based on judges’ criteria, an Aiken's V coefficient of .81 was achieved. Reliability was excellent, with coefficients for instrument heterogeneity, and inter- and intra-observer tests at 1 and .98, respectively. Conclusions: the observation instrument is valid and reliable for analyzing WB actions. Keywords: psychometric properties, observational methodology, functional classification, line-up formations, parasport.

‘Oro no rayó así flamante grana’ (1623), the last love sonnet by Luis de Góngora, has eluded the full comprehension of its critics since the seventeenth century due to its thematic ambiguity and formal obscurity. This article examines its critical reception with the tools afforded by François Recanati’s cognitive pragmatics to analyse how each critic has pragmatically responded to the sonnet’s interpretive cruxes. From this vantage point, it is hypothesised how it can also be read as an autobiographical and metaliterary statement. The results suggest that this sonnet might be three poems in one, functioning as a metaliterary emblem for the history of Petrarchism up to Góngora.

The European hake, Merluccius merluccius, is considered a promising species for diversification in aquaculture. This work presents growth data for reared European hake larvae up to two months of life, and cannibalism within the cohort was evaluated. Larvae were fed a combination of rotifer (2 ind mL-1) and Artemia nauplii (0.2 ind. mL-1) at first feeding and later were grown with dry pellet until 105 days in a 500-L capacity circular tank. Rearing temperature and salinity were 14.5ºC and 34 psu, respectively, and a daily photoperiod of 12L:12D was used. Two-month-old larvae reached a total length of 17.66 ± 1.22 mm and a dry weight of 7.30 ± 1.65 mg, with a 12% survival rate. The final total length and wet weight (105 days old) were 52 ± 4.20 mm and 9.72 ± 2.32 mg, respectively. The length and dry weight growth equations and the length-weight relationship were estimated for the first two months of life. Larval survival at two and three months after hatching was 12% and 8%, respectively. Cannibalism was first observed from 35 days after hatching onwards.., La merluza europea, Merluccius merluccius, se considera una especie con gran potencial para la diversificación en la acuicultura. Este trabajo presenta datos de crecimiento de larvas de merluza europea criadas hasta los dos meses de vida, y se evaluó el canibalismo dentro de una cohorte. Las larvas se alimentaron inicialmente con una combinación de rotífero (2 ind mL-1) y nauplios de Artemia (0,2 ind mL-1) y posteriormente se alimentaron con pellets de pienso seco hasta los 105 días de vida en un tanque circular de 500 L de capacidad. La temperatura de cultivo y la salinidad fueron 14.5ºC y 34 psu, respectivamente, y se utilizó un fotoperíodo diario de 12L:12O. Las larvas de dos meses alcanzaron una longitud total de 17,66 ± 1,22 mm y un peso seco de 7,30 ± 1,65 mg, con una tasa de supervivencia del 12%. La longitud total final y el peso húmedo (105 días de edad) fueron de 52 ± 4,20 mm y 9,72 ± 2,32 mg, respectivamente. Se determinaron las ecuaciones de crecimiento en longitud y peso seco y la relación longitud-peso para los dos primeros meses de vida. La supervivencia de las larvas a los dos y tres meses después de la eclosión fue del 12% y el 8%, respectivamente. El canibalismo fue observado por primera vez a partir de los 35 días después de la eclosión.

Background and Objectives. Although pets are known to be beneficial for children, they could also imply risks for immunocompromised ones. We report the prevalence of children and young patients living with pets in a cohort of immunosuppressed pediatric patients and describe risk behaviors for acquiring zoonosis and compliance with veterinary recommendations. Methods. A cross-sectional, observational study was performed in a large tertiary hospital in Madrid, including immunosuppressed patients from different regions of Spain. The participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Results. Two hundred and eighty-four responses were received: 62.3% solid organ transplantation (177/284), 22.8% hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (65/284), and 14.8% inborn errors of immunity (42/284). The median age was 11 years (interquartile range 5.9–15.4), and 55% were boys (156/284). Up to 45% (130/284) of the respondents lived with 201 pets (74% of them dogs and cats). Half of the patients owning dogs or cats did not comply with at least one of the recommendations regarding vaccination, deworming, feeding, and/or veterinarian recommended controls. The poorest findings were related to deworming regimens. Only 42.8% (117/273) of the participants received specific recommendations from their healthcare professionals about companion animals. However, up to 97% of the families considering acquiring a pet did so when the professional did not contraindicate it (31/32), while 72% of the families having pets got rid of their pets when they were advised against animals (8/11). Conclusions. Pet ownership is frequent among immunocompromised children. They presented risky exposures for acquiring zoonoses, and basic veterinary recommendations were not frequently followed. The opinion of professionals significantly influenced the decision to acquire pets, but less than half of the families received recommendations in this regard. Spanish Pediatrics Association (AEP) (2021 Research Grant) MAPFRE Foundation Carlos III Health Institute - Fondos Feder (BAE21/00022) 4.521 Q1 JCR 2021 0.990 Q1 SJR 2022 No data IDR 2021 UEM

Agathis (Araucariaceae) is a genus of broadleaved conifers that today inhabits lowland to upper montane rainforests of Australasia and Southeast Asia. A previous report showed that the earliest known fossils of the genus, from the early Paleogene and possibly latest Cretaceous of Patagonian Argentina, host diverse assemblages of insect and fungal associations, including distinctive leaf mines. Here, we provide complete documentation of the fossilized Agathis herbivore communities from Cretaceous to Recent, describing and comparing insect and fungal damage on Agathis across four latest Cretaceous to early Paleogene time slices in Patagonia with that on 15 extant species. Notable fossil associations include various types of external foliage feeding, leaf mines, galls, and a rust fungus. In addition, enigmatic structures, possibly armored scale insect (Diaspididae) covers or galls, occur on Agathis over a 16-million-year period in the early Paleogene. The extant Agathis species, throughout the range of the genus, are associated with a diverse array of mostly undescribed damage similar to the fossils, demonstrating the importance of Agathis as a host of diverse insect herbivores and pathogens and their little-known evolutionary history.

PURPOSE Although representing the majority of newly diagnosed cancers, patients with breast cancer appear less vulnerable to COVID-19 mortality compared with other malignancies. In the absence of patients on active cancer therapy included in vaccination trials, a contemporary real-world evaluation of outcomes during the various pandemic phases, as well as of the impact of vaccination, is needed to better inform clinical practice. METHODS We compared COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among patients with breast cancer across prevaccination (February 27, 2020-November 30, 2020), Alpha-Delta (December 1, 2020-December 14, 2021), and Omicron (December 15, 2021-January 31, 2022) phases using OnCovid registry participants (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04393974 ). Twenty-eight-day case fatality rate (CFR28) and COVID-19 severity were compared in unvaccinated versus double-dosed/boosted patients (vaccinated) with inverse probability of treatment weighting models adjusted for country of origin, age, number of comorbidities, tumor stage, and receipt of systemic anticancer therapy within 1 month of COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS By the data lock of February 4, 2022, the registry counted 613 eligible patients with breast cancer: 60.1% (n = 312) hormone receptor–positive, 25.2% (n = 131) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive, and 14.6% (n = 76) triple-negative. The majority (61%; n = 374) had localized/locally advanced disease. Median age was 62 years (interquartile range, 51-74 years). A total of 193 patients (31.5%) presented ≥ 2 comorbidities and 69% (n = 330) were never smokers. In total, 392 (63.9%), 164 (26.8%), and 57 (9.3%) were diagnosed during the prevaccination, Alpha-Delta, and Omicron phases, respectively. Analysis of CFR28 demonstrates comparable estimates of mortality across the three pandemic phases (13.9%, 12.2%, 5.3%, respectively; P = .182). Nevertheless, a significant improvement in outcome measures of COVID-19 severity across the three pandemic time periods was observed. Importantly, when reported separately, unvaccinated patients from the Alpha-Delta and Omicron phases achieved comparable outcomes to those from the prevaccination phase. Of 566 patients eligible for the vaccination analysis, 72 (12.7%) were fully vaccinated and 494 (87.3%) were unvaccinated. We confirmed with inverse probability of treatment weighting multivariable analysis and following a clustered robust correction for participating center that vaccinated patients achieved improved CFR28 (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.40), hospitalization (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.69), COVID-19 complications (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.45), and reduced requirement of COVID-19–specific therapy (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.63) and oxygen therapy (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.67) compared with unvaccinated controls. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a consistent reduction of COVID-19 severity in patients with breast cancer during the Omicron outbreak in Europe. We also demonstrate that even in this population, a complete severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination course is a strong determinant of improved morbidity and mortality from COVID-19.

El objeto del presente texto es presentar el criticismo kantiano. Para ello, se ha rehuido el todo momento el estilo académico, basado en una citación excesiva y estéril, para adoptar un tono más ensayístico. El resultado puede resultar útil no sólo a quienes ya estén interesados en la filosofía kantiana, sino a toda persona lega en la materia dispuesta a realizar un esfuerzo en la comprensión de conceptos clave. El trabajo está constituido por dos apartados. Mientras que el primero es contextual, el segundo contiene el grueso del contenido.

The supply and demand of vibrant places are often considered a luxurious goal for cities rather than an essential engine for business and talent attraction. With the ongoing development of Amazon HQ in Arlington and the potential jobs that will originate, the city must be prepared to fulfill the expectations of residents, workers, and investors. Through a qualitative analysis and interviews with relevant practitioners, this paper studies the potential gap between the current creative ecosystem by discussing the supply of cultural goods and services, Arlington’s proposal, and the benefits and risks of achieving the targets, based on lessons from Seattle. To maximize what is expected, it will be imperative to foster a coordinated and creative environment while celebrating the unique essence of Arlington’s communities and the potential risks these changes may bring.

Resumen Este artículo aborda la comunicación intercultural a partir de las prácticas discursivas observadas in situ en un contexto turístico. El estudio se centra en las diferencias interaccionales respecto del color de la piel y el origen geográfico y cultural asumido por el interlocutor local. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, basada principalmente en la observación participante con un análisis decolonial dentro de los estudios de sociolingüística etnográfica crítica y comunicación intercultural. El texto problematiza las categorías que construyen la extranjería. En concreto, utiliza el marco fanoniano que dicotomiza entre zonas del Ser y zonas del no-Ser, que diferencia entre los privilegios y la subalternidad. La microviolencia discursiva se hace explícita en las prácticas observadas. El autor sostiene que los estudios de comunicación intercultural deben observar el hecho diferencial de la colonialidad del ser y del poder. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto cómo el racismo media en las prácticas discursivas. Abstract This article deals with intercultural communication on the basis of discursive practices observed in situ in a tourist context. The study focuses on interactional differences with respect to skin colour and the geographical and cultural origin assumed by the local interlocutor. The methodology used is qualitative, based mainly on participant observation with a decolonial analysis within the studies of critical ethnographic sociolinguistics and intercultural communication. The text problematises the categories that construct foreignness. Specifically, it uses the Fanonian framework that dichotomises between zones of Being and zones of non-Being, which differentiates between privileges and subalternity. The discursive microviolence is made explicit in the observed practices. The author argues that intercultural communication studies must observe the differential fact of the coloniality of being and power. The results of the study reveal how racism mediates discursive practices. Resumo Este artigo trata da comunicação intercultural com base em práticas discursivas observadas in situ num contexto turístico. O estudo centra-se nas diferenças interaccionais no que respeita à cor da pele e à origem geográfica e cultural assumida pelo interlocutor local. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, baseada principalmente na observação dos participantes com uma análise descolonial no âmbito dos estudos de sociolinguística etnográfica crítica e de comunicação intercultural. O texto problematiza as categorias que constroem a estrangeirização. Especificamente, utiliza o quadro fanoniano que dicotomiza entre zonas de Ser e zonas de não-Being, o que diferencia entre os privilégios e a subalternidade. A microviolência discursiva é explicitada nas práticas observadas. O autor argumenta que os estudos de comunicação intercultural devem observar o facto diferencial da colonialidade do ser e do poder. Os resultados do estudo revelam como o racismo medeia as práticas discursivas.

The nucleobases, namely the purines adenine and guanine and the pyrimidines cytosine, thymine, and uracil, are the key monomers of the information polymers DNA and RNA. All the nucleobases were recently detected in the analysis of certain meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites. The concentration of the nucleobases found in meteorites is smaller than the concentration of amino acids. However, the nucleobases were successfully synthesized abiotically by ultraviolet irradiation of interstellar ice analogues at 10 K. Consequently, it is possible that the purines and pyrimidines may be present in the interstellar medium or in other space environments and may be detectable by the new orbiting telescopes that indeed are able to cover not only the mid-infrared spectral range but also the far-infrared. This work supplies the reference spectra of the five nucleobases used by the terrestrial biochemistry in the mid-infrared and in the far-infrared with the purpose to facilitate the search and identification of these astrobiological and astrochemical relevant molecules in space. The mid-infrared spectra of all nucleobases were recorded at three different temperatures from −180 °C to nearly ambient temperature and at +250 °C. Furthermore, the molar extinction coefficients (ε) of all mid- and far-infrared bands were determined, as well as the integrated molar absorptivities (ψ). With the reported infrared spectra together with the ε and ψ values, it will be possible to identify qualitatively the nucleobases and estimate their relative abundance in space.

The Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli) is listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ at the global and regional levels in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. A multi-institutional collaboration to fit 13 vultures with GPS transmitters in northern Morocco was launched to get information on their movements and threats along the flyway, both to the north and the south of the Sahara. Preliminary results from individuals released in November 2021 indicate a low survival rate during the wintering period in Morocco and on the return journey to the Sahel, which is usually attempted by Rüppell's Vultures with large groups of migratory birds, especially Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus). Of the group of tagged individuals, only four birds travelled definitely in a southwards direction, apparently migrating. Two of those have died, with one presumed to have starved in the Algerian desert, and another one presumed to have been killed by human persecution in The Gambia. A third individual was captured by local people in Mauritania and it is unknown what happened thereafter. One bird remains alive in Senegal at the time of writing. For the birds that did not disperse far after being fitted with transmitters, a relatively high number of fatalities seems to confirm that threats to the species are prevalent in Morocco: one bird died after being struck by a wind turbine; one was electrocuted by a power line; and two suffered from starvation and weakness. Birds remaining close to the release area fed mainly at a vulture feeding station or at rubbish dumps, which may indicate that there is a lack of food available in the wider surroundings. Five vultures originally fitted with transmitters are still alive in North Africa at the time of writing.

Objetivo: Describir las principales características de las bacterias portadoras de BLEE aisladas en hemocultivo en un hospital de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Tacna durante los años 2011-2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal. Bajo el sistema automatizado Vitek® se analizaron un total de 1056 aislamientos de hemocultivos con resultado positivo durante el periodo 2011-2017. Se tomó en cuenta los siguientes datos: servicio de procedencia de la muestra, el aislamiento y el resultado de resistencia a los betalactámicos informado. En base a los datos obtenidos se realizó los cálculos estadísticos para la obtención de la frecuencia de los aislamientos principales, así como la tendencia de presentación de BLEE a través de los años. Resultados: Se conto con un total de 1056 hemocultivos con resultado positivo, en donde se vio involucrado un patógeno Gram negativo en aproximadamente el 38% de los casos. La frecuencia de presentación de BLEE de Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae se dio en un 66% y 55% respectivamente. El servicio con mayor porcentaje BLEE fue el hospitalizado UCI. La tendencia muestra un aumento del porcentaje evidenciando un aumento en la frecuencia de presentación durante el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: Es de suma importancia conocer la frecuencia de presentación de los BLEE para establecer medidas preventivas y de monitoreo.

Tailoring personalized treatments demands the analysis of a patient’s characteristics, which may be scattered over a wide variety of sources. These features include family history, life habits, comorbidities, and potential treatment side effects. Moreover, the analysis of the services visited the most by a patient before a new diagnosis, as well as the type of requested tests, may uncover patterns that contribute to earlier disease detection and treatment effectiveness. Built on knowledge-driven ecosystems, we devise DE4LungCancer, a health data ecosystem of data sources for lung cancer. In this data ecosystem, knowledge extracted from heterogeneous sources, e.g., clinical records, scientific publications, and pharmacological data, is integrated into knowledge graphs. Ontologies describe the meaning of the combined data, and mapping rules enable the declarative definition of the transformation and integration processes. DE4LungCancer is assessed regarding the methods followed for data quality assessment and curation. Lastly, the role of controlled vocabularies and ontologies in health data management is discussed, as well as their impact on transparent knowledge extraction and analytics. This paper presents the lessons learned in the DE4LungCancer development. It demonstrates the transparency level supported by the proposed knowledge-driven ecosystem, in the context of the lung cancer pilots of the EU H2020-funded project BigMedilytic, the ERA PerMed funded project P4-LUCAT, and the EU H2020 projects CLARIFY and iASiS.

This article elaborates on the justification and legitimacy of judicial review in continental constitutionalism. After the Second World War, continental constitutionalism shifted from a Kelsenian conception of constitutional courts to a strong model of judicial review whose legitimacy requires maintaining distance both from the U.S. model built around checks and balances and from the model embodied by the New Commonwealth constitutionalism. I suggest that the legitimacy of continental judicial review should not depend on the degree to which it resists the countermajoritarian objection, but rather that it should follow a logic of protective efficacy that takes a systemic perspective. On this basis, I propose coordinating judicial review in terms of a weak form of constitutionalism that I call “cooperative constitutionalism”, whose three main axes are: a democratic culture of justification, a conception of fundamental rights as qualified mandatory goals and a systemic approach to the proportionality test.

Data System. The Spanish National Seroepidemiological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 (or ENE-COVID; SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] is the causative agent of COVID-19) was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the Spanish National Health System. Data Collection/Processing. A stratified 2-stage probability sampling was used to select a representative cohort of the noninstitutionalized population of Spain. ENE-COVID collected longitudinal data from epidemiological questionnaires and 2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests. From April 27 to June 22, 2020, 68 287 participants (77.0% of contacted persons) received a point-of-care test and 61 095 (68.9%) also underwent a laboratory immunoassay. A second follow-up phase was conducted between November 16 and 30, 2020. Data Analysis/Dissemination. Analyses use weights to adjust for oversampling and nonresponse and account for design effects of stratification and clustering. ENE-COVID data for research purposes will be available upon request from the official study Web page. Public Health Implications. ENE-COVID, a nationwide population-based study, allowed monitoring seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at the national and regional levels, providing accurate figures by gender, age (from babies to nonagenarians), and selected risk factors; characterizing symptomatic and asymptomatic infections; and estimating the infection fatality risk during the first pandemic wave. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(5):525–532. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307167 )

Endo-β-1,3-glucanases from several organisms have attracted much attention in recent years because of their capability for in vitro degrading β-1,3-glucan as a critical step for both biofuels production and short-chain oligosaccharides synthesis. In this study, we biochemically characterized a putative endo-β-1,3-glucanase (EgrGH64) belonging to the family GH64 from the single-cell protist Euglena gracilis. The gene coding for the enzyme was heterologously expressed in a prokaryotic expression system supplemented with 3% (v/v) ethanol to optimize the recombinant protein right folding. Thus, the produced enzyme was highly purified by immobilized-metal affinity and gel filtration chromatography. The enzymatic study demonstrated that EgrGH64 could hydrolyze laminarin (K

Adult low-grade gliomas (Low Grade Gliomas, LGG) are tumors that originate from the glial cells of the brain and whose management involves great controversy, starting from the diagnosis, to the treatment and subsequent follow-up. For this reason, the Tumor Group of the Spanish Society of Neurosurgery (GT-SENEC) has held a consensus meeting, in which the most relevant neurosurgical issues have been discussed, reaching recommendations based on the best scientific evidence. In order to obtain the maximum benefit from these treatments, an individualised assessment of each patient should be made by a multidisciplinary team. Experts in each LGG treatment field have briefly described it based in their experience and the reviewed of the literature. Each area has been summarized and focused on the best published evidence. LGG have been surrounded by treatment controversy, although during the last years more accurate data has been published in order to reach treatment consensus. Neurosurgeons must know treatment options, indications and risks to participate actively in the decision making and to offer the best surgical treatment in every case.

Objectives. To describe participant characteristics associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Spain’s first 2 COVID-19 waves per the Spanish National Seroepidemiological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (ENE–COVID). Methods. A representative cohort of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population, selected through stratified 2-stage sampling, answered a questionnaire and received point-of-care testing April to June 2020 (first wave: n = 68 287); previously seronegative participants repeated the questionnaire and test November 2020 (second wave: n = 44 451). We estimated seropositivity by wave and participant characteristics, accounting for sampling weights, nonresponse, and design effects. Results. We found that 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7%, 6.4%) of Spain’s population was infected by June and 3.8% (95% CI = 3.5%, 4.1%) more by November 2020. Both genders were equally affected. Seroprevalence decreased with age in adults 20 years and older in the second wave; socioeconomic differences increased. Health care workers were affected at 11.1% (95% CI = 9.0%, 13.6%) and 6.1% (95% CI = 4.4%, 8.5%) in the first and second waves, respectively. Living with an infected person increased infection risk to 22.1% (95% CI = 18.9%, 25.6%) in the first and 35.0% (95% CI = 30.8%, 39.4%) in the second wave. Conclusions. ENE–COVID characterized the first 2 pandemic waves, when information from surveillance systems was incomplete. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(5):533–544. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233 )

Background: Early surgical resection is an emerging concept for patients with ileocaecal Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to compare postoperative outcomes after ileocaecal resections between patients with luminal and complicated CD. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients operated for ileocaecal CD during an 8-year period in ten tertiary referral academic centres from Latin America was performed. Patients were allocated into 2 groups: those operated for early (luminal) disease (Early Crohn's Disease -ECD-) and for complications of CD (Complicated Crohn's disease -CCD-). A comparative analysis was performed regarding short-term outcomes of surgery, considering overall postoperative complications as main outcome. Results: 337 patients were included in the analysis, 60 (17.80%) in the ECD group. Smoking and exposure to perioperative biologic drugs were more prevalent in CCD group. CCD patients had increased requirement of urgent surgery (26.71 vs. 15%, p = 0.056), longer operative time (164.25 vs. 90.53 min, p< 0.01), lower rates of primary anastomosis (90.23 vs. 100%, p = 0.012), increased rate of overall postoperative complications (33.21 vs. 16.67%, p = 0.013), more reoperations (13.36 vs. 3.33%, p = 0.026), and higher rates of major anastomotic fistulas and hospital stay. On multivariable analysis, smoking (p = 0.001,95%CI: 2.59–32.11), operative time (p = 0.022,95%CI:1–1.02), associated procedures (p = 0.036,95%CI:1.09–15.72) and intraoperative complications (p = 0.021,95%CI:1.45–92.31) were independently related to presenting postoperative complications. Conclusion: Early (luminal) ileocaecal resections were associated to lower rates of overall postoperative complications. Proper timing for surgery, avoiding delays in surgical indication can impact postoperative outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome has been extensively studied in different health science professions. It has been less studied in physiotherapy than in professions such as medicine. Moreover, it is not known how the working condition influences this syndrome. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to compare the burnout index between contract and freelance physiotherapists in the private sector in the Community of Madrid, Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 174 participants divided into 2 groups; one group was composed of contract physiotherapists (n = 87) and the other group was composed of freelance physiotherapists (n = 87). A Mann–Whitney U test was performed for comparison between the groups. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between the burnout syndrome index and the secondary variables. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences when comparing the groups, with a large effect size for the burnout index with a higher rate among contract physiotherapists (78 [71–84.75]) than in freelance physiotherapists (61.5 [55–72.75]).There were also significant differences in the type of patients treated, number of patients treated per day, time spent per patient, and the annual salary range between the contract and freelance physiotherapists. CONCLUSION: Contract physiotherapists who participated in this study had a significantly higher burnout syndrome index than freelance physiotherapists. Other socio-occupational variables were also found to be related to the burnout syndrome index in freelance physiotherapists and contract physiotherapists. The results of this study could be of interest for new occupational health strategies to reduce the burnout index in contract physiotherapists.

Financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under grant PID2019-107408GB-C44, from Junta de Andalucia under project P18-FR-2664, and also from the grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. P P thanks Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) for managing research funds graciously provided to Portugal by the EU. This work was supported through FCT grants UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020 and the project ‘Identifying the Earliest Supermassive Black Holes with ALMA (IdEaS with ALMA) (PTDC/FIS-AST/29245/2017)’ SDP is grateful to the Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies. SDP also acknowledges financial support from Juan de la Cierva Formación Fellowship (FJC2021-047523-I) financed by MCIN/AEI/10.130395011000110333 and by the European Union "NextGenerationEU"/PRTR. This study is based on observations collected at the Centro As- tronómico Hispano en Andalucía (CAHA) at Calar Alto, Spain, operated jointly by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) and Junta de Andalucía. The CAHA Archive is part of the Spanish Virtual Observatory project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through grant PID2020-112949GB-I00 CAB (INTA-CSIC). Part based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, and obtained from the Hubble Legacy Archive, which is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI/NASA), the Space Telescope European Coordinating Fa-cility (ST-ECF/ESA) and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC/NRC/CSA). This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Data base (NED), which is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and operated by the California Institute of Technology., Using the PMAS Integral Field Unit on the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope, we observed the southern component (Markarian 59) of the ‘cometary’ starburst galaxy NGC 4861. Mrk 59 is centred on a giant nebula and concentration of stars 1 kpc in diameter. Strong H α emission points to a star-formation rate (SFR) at least 0.47 M⊙ yr−1. Mrk 59 has a very high [O III] λ5007/H β ratio, reaching 7.35 in the central nebula, with a second peak at a star-forming hotspot further north. Fast outflows are not detected but nebular motion and galaxy rotation produce relative velocities up to 40 km s−1. Spectral analysis of different regions with ‘Fitting Analysis using Differential evolution Optimization’ (FADO) finds that the stars in the central and ‘spur’ nebulae are very young, ≤ 125 Myr with a large < 10 Myr contribution. Older stars (∼ 1 Gyr) make up the northern disk component, while the other regions show mixtures of 1 Gyr age with very young stars. This and the high specific SFR ∼ 3.5 Gyr−1 imply a bimodal star formation history, with Mrk 59 formed in ongoing starbursts fuelled by a huge gas inflow, turning the galaxy into an asymmetric ‘green pea’ or blue compact dwarf. We map the He II λ4686 emission, and identify a broad component from the central nebula, consistent with the emission of ∼300 Wolf–Rayet stars. About a third of the He II λ4686 flux is a narrow line emitted from a more extended area covering the central and spur nebulae, and may have a different origin., Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía, IPAC, National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA, European Commission PTDC/FIS-AST/29245/2017, UID/FIS/04434/2019 EC, European Space Agency ESA, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PID2019-107408GB-C44 MINECO, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MICINN, Junta de Andalucía CEX2021-001131-S, P18-FR-2664, Agencia Estatal de Investigación AEI, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía PID2020-112949GB-I00 CAB (INTA-CSIC IAA

Observa-se que as unidades habitacionais de interesse social produzidas atualmente no Brasil, estão, em geral, distantes do atendimento individualizado das necessidades dos usuários. Em contrapartida há uma tendência apresentada nos concursos de arquitetura que preza por uma melhor qualidade arquitetônica. Diante desse cenário, a pesquisa propõe analisar, o potencial de flexibilidade em projetos elaborados para concursos públicos de habitações sociais multifamiliares, buscando compreender como as estratégias de flexibilidade são exploradas. A metodologia de análise se divide em: seleção da amostra, caracterização da amostra e análise do potencial de flexibilidade. Os resultados apresentam o potencial de flexibilidade explorado nos projetos através de diagramas que, demonstram as possibilidades de transformação das unidades habitacionais quando adotadas as estratégias de flexibilidade.

Introducción: El hallux valgus es el trastorno más común del primer dedo del pie. Provoca dolor, discapacidad funcional y altera los patrones de la marcha. Las deformidades leves o moderadas se han corregido con osteotomías distales del primer metatarsiano, como la osteotomía en chevron, un procedimiento seguro, pero no exento de complicaciones. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la incidencia de seudoartrosis por dicha osteotomía y comunicar nuestro método terapéutico, el seguimiento y la evolución. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, retrospectivo que incluyó a pacientes operados entre 2009 y 2018. Se evaluaron 1156 osteotomías en chevron como tratamiento del hallux valgus leve o moderado en 1017 pacientes (rango etario 16-83 años; promedio 57.5) realizadas por 4 cirujanos experimentados. El criterio de inclusión fue que el paciente contara con estudios por imágenes compatibles con seudoartrosis a los 6 meses de la cirugía. Resultados: Se evaluó a 5 pacientes con diagnóstico de seudoartrosis después de una osteotomía en chevron para tratar el hallux valgus. Los puntajes promedio de la AOFAS fueron 51 antes del tratamiento del hallux valgus y 87,8 después del tratamiento de la seudoartrosis. Conclusiones: La incidencia de seudoartrosis fue del 0,4% en el posoperatorio alejado. Nuestro abordaje y el tratamiento de la seudoartrosis lograron una excelente mejoría clínica y funcional en todos los pacientes operados.

Teniendo en cuenta que la Administración Pública debe encaminar su acción hacia la consecución de los fines del Estado, en algunas ocasiones se vale de la iniciativa privada para cumplir con dicho propósito. Dentro de las varias formas de intervención administrativa se encuentra una que interpreta a la perfección lo anterior: la actividad estimulativa o de fomento. Esta forma de intervención apareció en la Constitución de 1886, pero fue mal empleada y terminó convertida en un medio para la corrupción. Precisamente, una de las grandes conquistas de la Constitución de 1991 fue prohibir, en el artículo 355, a cualquiera de las ramas u órganos del poder público decretar auxilios o donaciones en favor de personas naturales o jurídicas de derecho privado; sin embargo, y con el ánimo de mantener el fomento, este mismo incorporó como excepción la posibilidad de celebrar contratos con entidades sin ánimo de lucro de reconocida idoneidad. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, este artículo de investigación analiza el contrato de fomento, con la finalidad de examinar su desarrollo normativo y jurisprudencial para establecer su alcance y aplicación actual y, sobre todo, verificar si ha atajado la corrupción que históricamente se le atribuye. El texto es fruto de una investigación jurídica a partir de la exhaustiva revisión analítica de fuentes secundarias de carácter jurídico.

En el presente trabajo proponemos una revaluación del concepto de Derecho objetivo a la vista del fenómeno jurídico-global. No se trata, naturalmente, de “redefinir” el Derecho, sino sencillamente de explicar cómo la globalidad transforma su contenido desde las categorías clásicas hasta el moderno pluralismo. Para describir el paradigma actual de la normatividad examinaremos brevemente los rasgos que se han atribuido tradicionalmente al Derecho y los contrapondremos a su fenomenología global. Para ello construiremos la hipótesis de que el fenómeno jurídico global es, exactamente, un pluralismo, pero no un pluralismo normativo en el vacío de normas independientes e incomunicadas, sino un conjunto variado y diverso de sistemas normativos que se relacionan permanentemente entre sí.

Spurred by outstanding optical properties, chemical stability, and facile bioconjugation, plasmonic metals have become the first-choice materials for optical signal transducers in biosensing. While the design rules for surface-based plasmonic sensors are well-established and commercialized, there is limited knowledge of the design of sensors based on nanoparticle aggregation. The reason is the lack of control over the interparticle distances, number of nanoparticles per cluster, or multiple mutual orientations during aggregation events, blurring the threshold between positive and negative readout. Here we identify the geometrical parameters (size, shape, and interparticle distance) that allow for maximizing the color difference upon nanoparticle clustering. Finding the optimal structural parameters will provide a fast and reliable means of readout, including unaided eye inspection or computer vision. J.L.M.-P., N.Z., and J.A. acknowledge financial support from Spanish MICIN/AE/DOI 10.13039/501100004837, Reg. No. PID2019-107432GB-I00 and from the Department of Education of the Basque Government under Project IT1526-22. M.G. acknowledges Euskampus Foundation for financial support (Resilience COVID19). This work received computational support from DIPC's HPC cluster ATLAS, operated by DIPC Supercomputing Center.