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Research on the adaptation of Haitian immigrants to the Brazilian reality and to the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) and on the way interpersonal relationship is processed in the health environment. The objective was to understand how Haitian immigrants, users of the health system, present themselves and are perceived in the relationships established with health professionals in a Primary Health Unit in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. It was an ethnography with participant observation, using a field diary. Results indicate difficulties for Haitian immigrants to access the health system, due to the peculiarities of their culture, and for the health professionals, as language and culture become the main barrier to care, being permeated by prejudice resulting from lack of training of some professionals. However, such difficulties can be overcome through effective strategies and better preparation to embrace this population.

Trata-se de um estudo sobre o entendimento/aprendizado do Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) aplicado a uma população leiga na área da saúde. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal, de natureza prospectiva com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de atividades extensionistas, para analisar o nível de conhecimento sobre os procedimentos de SBV, antes e após um treinamento, com a aplicação de teste de múltipla escolha. Participaram 97 pessoas, de ambos os sexos, com diferentes níveis de escolaridade. Constatou-se pela aplicação do pré-teste um baixo nível de conhecimento em relação à identificação da parada cardíaca, pois a maioria afirmou não saber o que fazer e, também, foi identificada pouca ciência em relação ao tempo necessário de massagem cardíaca. Após a oferta do treinamento, pelos extensionistas do curso médico, o nível de acerto para todos os indicadores avaliados obteve melhora com significância estatística. A atividade mostrou-se de grande relevância social para a comunidade e benefício aos estudantes, pela oportunidade de conciliação dos aspectos teóricos com a prática. O estudo apresentou limitações logísticas e operacionais devido à pandemia causada pelo novo-coronavírus, o que impediu a realização de novos eventos e aumento da população estudada e treinada.

Objetivou-se apreender sobre a percepção das crianças e adolescentes no que se refere ao impacto que a pandemia causou na comunidade escolar, por meio dos relatos de suas vivências. A ação “Qualidade de vida no contexto da pandemia” foi realizada em junho de 2021 de forma remota, pelo Google Meet, devido ao período pandêmico em relação à Covid-19. Por meio de roda de conversa foi introduzido o tema com o desenvolvimento de dinâmica, vídeo interativo e utilização de um aplicativo com feedback em tempo real. No momento seguinte foi realizada uma apresentação teórica interativa sobre a temática e término das atividades. Os 120 participantes tiveram oportunidade de se expressar e compartilhar suas ideias, emoções e percepções do período de isolamento social, com reflexões individuais e do grupo. Evidenciou-se que a roda de conversa, mesmo que aplicada remotamente, oportunizou a possibilidade de perceber as vivências dos participantes em relação ao cenário pandêmico.

Diabetes, like other chronic diseases, requires constant monitoring and self-care. The objective was to identify the contributions of the multidisciplinary team for the prevention of complications and treatment of diabetes mellitus in patients. This is a descriptive exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with 31 health professionals, working in Health Units in Curitiba/PR. It resulted in the identification of subjects for which professionals would like to be better trained and the items considered important for stimulating and qualifying care for diabetic patients. A Care Card was prepared, encouraging self-care, placing the team and the patient as allies in controlling the disease. It is considered that an active and trained multidisciplinary team, with an improved view of the disease and its determinants, combined with a patient who is knowledgeable about self-care, is a favorable combination for successful treatment, prevention of chronic complications, and reduction of damage to the individual's health

The $2$-layer drawing model is a well-established paradigm to visualize bipartite graphs. Several beyond-planar graph classes have been studied under this model. Surprisingly, however, the fundamental class of $k$-planar graphs has been considered only for $k=1$ in this context. We provide several contributions that address this gap in the literature. First, we show tight density bounds for the classes of $2$-layer $k$-planar graphs with $k\in\{2,3,4,5\}$. Based on these results, we provide a Crossing Lemma for $2$-layer $k$-planar graphs, which then implies a general density bound for $2$-layer $k$-planar graphs. We prove this bound to be almost optimal with a corresponding lower bound construction. Finally, we study relationships between $k$-planarity and $h$-quasiplanarity in the $2$-layer model and show that $2$-layer $k$-planar graphs have pathwidth at most $k+1$., Appears in the Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2020)

A morph is a continuous transformation between two representations of a graph. We consider the problem of morphing between contact representations of a plane graph. In an $${\mathcal {F}}$$ F -contact representation of a plane graph G, vertices are realized by internally disjoint elements from a family $${\mathcal {F}}$$ F of connected geometric objects. Two such elements touch if and only if their corresponding vertices are adjacent. These touchings also induce the same embedding as in G. In a morph between two $${\mathcal {F}}$$ F -contact representations we insist that at each time step (continuously throughout the morph) we have an $${\mathcal {F}}$$ F -contact representation. We focus on the case when $$\mathcal {F}$$ F is the family of triangles in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$ R 2 that are the lower-right half of axis-parallel rectangles. Such RT-representations exist for every plane graph and right triangles are one of the simplest families of shapes supporting this property. Moreover, they naturally correspond to 3-orientations. Thus, they provide a natural case to study regarding morphs of contact representations of plane graphs. We characterize the pairs of RT-representations admitting a morph between each other via the respective 3-orientations. Our characterization leads to a polynomial-time algorithm to decide whether there is a morph between two RT-representations of an n-vertex plane triangulation, and, if so, computes a morph with $${\mathcal {O}}(n^2)$$ O ( n 2 ) steps. Each of these steps is a linear morph moving the endpoints of each triangle at constant speed along straight-line trajectories. Our characterization also implies that for 4-connected plane triangulations there is a morph between every pair of RT-representations where the “top-most” triangle in both representations corresponds to the same vertex.

O estudo sobre Lesão por Pressão (LP) é de extrema importância, pois constitui um assunto de amplo debate. O cuidar do paciente acamado é peculiar, geralmente oferece sobrecarga de trabalho aos profissionais da saúde e insegurança ao cuidador, tanto na realização dos procedimentos como na manipulação de dispositivos. Objetivou-se elaborar um manual de prevenção e cuidado aos pacientes acamados em domicílio, após estudo realizado com profissionais de enfermagem. A experiência vivenciada pelos enfermeiros, ao observar que o cuidador familiar requer amparo nos cuidados com o doente após a alta hospitalar, subsidiou a elaboração do material educativo. Partiu-se da necessidade da articulação entre educação e saúde, no intuito de aperfeiçoar os cuidadores na prevenção e cuidado de pacientes acamados. Resultou em orientações facilitadoras da aprendizagem significativa do cuidado de pacientes sem mobilidade ou mobilidade reduzida. Considera-se que o manual é um tutorial de práticas cuidativas, com emprego de linguagem clara, de fácil entendimento e com ilustrações para facilitar o cuidado no contexto do cuidado domiciliar.

ResumoOs estudos sobre o acesso e permanência de pessoas com deficiência física e/ou mobilidade reduzida têm apontado a necessidade de adequação arquitetônica quanto às barreiras de acessibilidade física e, também, o rompimento das barreiras atitudinais. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as demandas da comunidade acadêmica no que diz respeito à inclusão de pessoas com deficiência, com destaque para deficiência física e/ou mobilidade reduzida no Ensino Superior. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório descritivo com abordagem quantitativa realizada com os docentes e discentes de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Após tratamento e análise dos dados foi desenvolvido um fluxograma de acolhimento e acompanhamento didático pedagógico, no qual o Núcleo de Apoio Didático-Pedagógico Psicossocial, Inclusão e Acessibilidade da IES tem papel central e se comunica com todos os envolvidos. Considera-se que o estudo tornou possível saber que há pessoas com deficiência que não se identificam e, também, como age e pensa o corpo docente da IES pesquisada em relação às Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NEE). Sugere-se a capacitação de todos os profissionais envolvidos, para que possam participar ativamente no processo de educação inclusiva. Palavras-chave: Pessoas com Deficiência. Educação Superior. Inclusão Educacional. AbstractStudies on the access and permanence of people with physical disabilities and / or reduced mobility have pointed out the need for architectural adequacy regarding physical accessibility barriers in addition to breaking attitudinal barriers. The research aimed to identify the demands of the academic community regarding the inclusion of people with physical disabilities and / or reduced mobility in higher education. This is a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach. After the data treatment and analysis, a flowchart of reception and didactic pedagogical follow-up was developed, in which the Nucleus of Didactic-Pedagogical Support Psychosocial, Inclusion and Accessibility has a central role and communicates with all involved. It is considered that the study made it possible to know that there are people with disabilities who do not identify themselves, and also how the researched HEI faculty acts and thinks in relation to Special Educational Needs. It is suggested to train all the professionals involved, so that they can actively participate in the inclusive education process. Keywords: Disabled Persons. Education Higher. Mainstreaming Education

O papilomavírus humano causa uma infecção sexualmente transmissível caracterizada pelo surgimento de verrugas, também chamadas de papilomas, nas regiões urogenital e úmidas do corpo. Este estudo trata de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada por meio de busca em livros e artigos científicos com conteúdos acerca da temática. Como resultado destaca-se que há mais de 100 tipos de vírus, porém apenas 40 infectam o trato genital sendo que os tipos 16 e 18 são os que apresentam potencial oncogênico para o câncer uterino. Mundialmente o câncer de colo de útero é o terceiro tipo de câncer mais predominante nas mulheres, sendo que no Brasil a região norte é a mais afetada. O diagnóstico dessa neoplasia pode ser realizado por meio de exames histológicos que utilizam a colposcopia, curetagem endocervical e biópsia de cone. Há ainda os exames de imagens que geralmente são usados para o estadiamento da metástase, isto é, o seu espalhamento através do corpo. Sem tratamento efetivo para o vírus, apenas as verrugas podem ser tratadas. O câncer, dependendo da evolução do tumor, tem como opção tratamento pela quimioterapia, cirurgia ou radioterapia. Considera-se que a prevenção do HPV ocorre pelo uso de vacina, tomada em duas doses, e pelo uso de preservativos com a ressalva de que eles não são 100% eficientes em todas as situações.

Extension activities allow learners to consolidate learning and encourage the construction of critical citizens capable of facing and solving individual and social issues. The objective was to apprehend the perception by extension students of educational actions in the health area. This is an exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Fifteen extension students of a higher education institution located in Curitiba-PR participated in the study. To support the research, preparatory activities on healthy eating were developed in August and September, 2018, and, in the following month, the educational action was presented by the students to a partner community. The collection of information was accomplished through individual, audiorecorded interviews. The coverage of the extension course shall be considered in several areas, with conciliation of theory and practice, allowing views about different worlds to be rethought and valued.

A map graph is one admitting a representation in which vertices are nations on a spherical map and edges are shared curve segments or points between nations. We present an explicit fixed-parameter tractable algorithm for recognizing map graphs parameterized by treewidth. The algorithm has time complexity that is linear in the size of the graph and, if the input is a yes-instance, it reports a certificate in the form of a so-called witness. Furthermore, this result is developed within a more general algorithmic framework that allows to test, for any k, if the input graph admits a k-map (where at most k nations meet at a common point) or a hole-free k-map (where each point is covered by at least one nation). We point out that, although bounding the treewidth of the input graph also bounds the size of its largest clique, the latter alone does not seem to be a strong enough structural limitation to obtain an efficient time complexity. In fact, while the largest clique in a k-map graph is ⌊ 3k/2 ⌋, the recognition of k-map graphs is still open for any fixed k ≥ 5., LIPIcs, Vol. 227, 18th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2022), pages 8:1-8:18

Background: Cancer is a class of disease responsible for 13% of death cause worldwide. Among all types of cancers, one of the most aggressive and with the highest death rate is melanoma. It is highly metastatic and current treatments with chemotherapeutic drugs do not yield satisfactory results. Therefore, the interest on new therapeutics for cancer treatment has been increasing on research. Highly diluted tinctures (HDT) are intended to enhance immune system responses resulting in reduced frequency of various diseases, and often present no risk of serious side-effects due to its low toxicity. Previous results have demonstrated in vitro inhibition of invasion ability and in vivo anti-metastatic potential of B16F10 lung metastasis model after mice treatment with M8 inhalation. Aims: Now we have evaluated M8 effects on hyaluronic acid and its specific melanoma cell surface receptor (CD44) expression on lungs after inhalation by mice. Methodology: M8 compounds include Aconitum napellus 20dH, Arsenicum album 18dH, Asa foetida 20dH, Calcarea carbonica 16dH, Conium maculatum 17dH, Ipecacuanha 13dH, Phosphorus 20dH, Rhus toxicodendron 17H, Silicea 20dH, Sulphur 24dH, and Thuja occidentalis 19dH. B16F10 Melanoma cells were inoculated into C57B/L6 mouse lateral tail vein. Treatment started 24 hours after inoculation, and was repeated after each 12 hours during 14 days on an inhalation chamber that is adapted to little rodents. Mice were subjected to euthanasia by intraperitoneal injection of thiopental followed by decapitation. Lungs were surgically removed and analyzed under a stereomicroscope for the presence of metastatic foci. They were formaldehyde fixed, dehydrated and paraffin embedded. Histological sections were processed for hematoxilin/eosin (HE), Fontana-Masson and immunohistochemistry staining methods. Images were captured and blindly analysed by ImageJ (NIH) software. Results: HE and Fontana-Masson showed a reduction in number and size of metastatic nodules, as previously demonstrated. We have detected a reduction on hyaluronic acid as well as CD44 expression on mice lungs after M8 treatment. The high metastatic potential of melanoma is proportional to hyaluronic acid expression level, together with its specific cell surface receptor, the CD44. These results suggest that M8 treatment reduces malignancy of mouse melanoma through modulation of hyaluronic acid and CD44 expression, which play crucial roles in tumor invasion and growth. Conclusion: Even though further investigation are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action of M8 treatment there is an indication that these highly diluted tinctures could be a promising therapy to treat metastatic melanoma.

Background: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is locally aggressive, fast growing, highly malignant tumor that affects humans and dogs. Affected dogs usually are presented with generalized edema, pain, erythema, and skin ulceration in mammary glands. Surgery is not recommended and an effective treatment has not been established [1]. Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) has demonstrated anticancer properties in a murine model, by improving innate immune response against tumor cells [2,3]. M8 is a complex high diluted medication comprised of a 10%-20% concentration of Calcarea carbonica, Aconitum napellus, Arsenicum album, Asa foetida, Conium maculatum, Ipecacuanha, Phosphorus, Rhus tox, Silicea, Sulphur, and Thuya occidentalis, all in decimal dilutions of Hahnemann in distilled water and submitted to vigorous shaking. Aim: Describe an association of M8 and piroxicam (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) to treat a dog with IMC. Discussion: A 7 years old, mixed breed intact female dog was presented to the Federal University of Parana - Veterinary Hospital, Curitiba (HV-UFPR) for mammary glands examination. The owners related inflammation of mammary glands with clinical course of approximately 10 days, which was treated for mastitis (cephalexin and metergoline) without clinical improvement. Clinical examination revealed erythema, increased skin warmth, pain on palpation, and plaque involving the 4th and 5th right mammary glands. Abdominal ultrasound and serum biochemistry were unremarkable. Thoracic radiographs showed suspicious images of pulmonary metastasis. Fine needle biopsy was taken for cytologic examination. Cytological interpretation was a malignant epithelial neoplasm, probably a mammary carcinoma. Diagnosis of IMC was based on clinical signs and cytopathology. Dog was treated with oral (0.5 mL) and topical M8 twice a day for 15 days, and pyroxican, 0.3mg/kg, PO, q24h. Clinical improvement was observed 7 days after starting treatment. Until present date (70 treatment days with M8), dog has no clinical signs of IMC, and does not show signs of disease progression. Conclusion: The present report suggests that M8 associated with piroxicam contributes to improvement of IMC dog’s quality of life and survival rate. However, further clinical studies are needed to evaluate response to treatment in patients diagnosed with IMC.

Introduction: Strains of macrophages, such as murine J774.G8 macrophages, are susceptible to influenza A infection [1]. One of the responses to viral infection involves the production of various types of immunostimulatory cytokines by infected cells [2]. Methods: In the present study, the macrophage strain J774.G8, maintained in RPMI medium, was submitted to treatment with 10% V/V of two different biotherapics prepared from influenza H3N2, both at 30x. Additionally, two control groups were analyzed: macrophages stimulated with water 30x and macrophages without any treatment. Biotherapics were prepared from intact H3N2 influenza virus and H3N2 inactivated by alcohol 70%. The compounding of both biotherapics followed this procedure: one part of viral particles was diluted in 9 parts of sterile distilled water. The 1:10 sample was submitted to 100 mechanical succussions using Autic® Brazilian machine, originating the first dilution, named decimal (1x). 1 ml of this solution was diluted in 9 ml of solvent and was submitted to 100 succussions, generating biotherapic 2x. This procedure was successively repeated, according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, to obtain the biotherapic 30x. By the same technique, water vehicle was prepared in the potency of 30x to be used as control. All samples were prepared under sterile and aseptic conditions, using laminar flow cabinet, class II, and were stored in the refrigerator (8ºC), to avoid microbiological contamination. J774.G8 macrophages were stimulated for 2 days, in a total of six stimuli. Immediately before infection with 25 µl of H3N2 influenza virus, the supernatants were collected and frozen at -20 ºC for later analysis. Next, 24 hours after the virus infection, the supernatants were aliquoted and frozen under the same conditions. Three independent experiments were done in triplicate. Analysis of supernatants was performed by flow cytometry using the Mouse Inflammation Kit. The cytokines detected in this experiment were IL-10, IL 12, TNF-α and MCP1. Results: In all cases, there were no significant differences compared to control groups. However, the production of TNF-α detected in macrophages treated by intact and inactivated biotherapics presented a tendency to increase after infection. In fact, similar results were previously detected in other experiments conducted only with the intact biotherapic [3]. The release of the cytokine MCP1 in all experimental situations presented a tendency to decrease after the viral infection when compared to untreated macrophages. No statistically significant difference was detected in the production of IL 12 and IL 10. These experiments will be repeated to confirm the data obtained.

RASopathies and mTORopathies are groups of genetic syndromes associated with increased activation of the RAS-MAPK or the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, resulting in altered cell proliferation during embryonic and postnatal development. The RAS-MAPK and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways are connected to each other and play a crucial role in adaptive immunity. However, with the exception of Activated PI3K delta syndrome (APDS), immune function has not been deeply studied in these disorders. We collected clinical and immunophenotypic data of a cohort of patients with RASopathies and mTORopathies. Overall, we enrolled 47 patients (22 females, 25 males, age 2–40 years): 33 with neurofibromatosis type 1, 11 Noonan syndrome and 3 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome. 8 patients reported a history of invasive infections requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Only 3 patients reported a history of unusual, difficult-to-treat or deep-seated infection. Adenotonsillectomy was performed in 11 patients (24%). However, in most cases (83%) patients' parents did not perceive their child as more prone to infections than their peers. Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed in 37 of the 47 patients (16 female, 21 males, age 1–40 years). Among the studied lymphocyte subsets, the only consistent alteration regarded an increased percentage of immature B cells (recent bone marrow emigrants) in 34 out of 37 (91,9%) patients, and an increased percentage of double negative T cells in 9 patients. In conclusion, although borderline immune abnormalities were present in a significant proportion of subjects and adenotonsillectomy was performed more frequently than expected for the general population, no major immune disturbance was found in this cohort of patients.

A alimentação incorpora aspectos da vida humana, quais sejam emocionais, culturais e sociais, associados a momentos de prazer. O presente estudo se insere no âmbito da extensão universitária visando à educação nutricional para idosas. O objetivo do estudo foi promover atividade sobre educação nutricional para idosas em comunidade rural, por meio de troca de receitas trazidas pelas mesmas, para maior sensibilização e troca de experiências. Trata-se de uma pesquisa ação desenvolvida com um grupo de 130 idosas que se reúnem semanalmente no salão paroquial de uma cidade localizada na região metropolitana de Curitiba - PR. Para subsidiar as atividades educacionais, os extensionistas reuniram-se nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2018 para a elaboração de quatro atividades: pirâmide alimentar, orientação sobre o consumo de açúcar, gordura e sal encontrado em alimentos industrializados; modelo do prato saudável e paródia sobre alimentação saudável. O encontro com a comunidade ocorreu em outubro de 2018, por meio de uma prática reflexiva, com a de troca de saberes entre os acadêmicos extensionistas e as idosas. A atividade nutricional despertou vários questionamentos, não somente sobre a alimentação, mas também sobre patologias inerentes à idade tais como hipertensão e diabetes, bem como a rotina das participantes. A extensão possibilita a percepção da realidade e, por meio dela, a construção de novos e diferentes saberes a partir da fusão do conhecimento popular com o científico, além de favorecer a promoção da saúde a partir de um prisma holístico, com melhora na qualidade de vida, onde as diversas visões de mundo são respeitadas.

A 12-year-old boy presented with a 1-year history of painful swelling of the left ankle.

The $\textit{planar slope number}$ $psn(G)$ of a planar graph $G$ is the minimum number of edge slopes in a planar straight-line drawing of $G$. It is known that $psn(G) \in O(c^\Delta)$ for every planar graph $G$ of degree $\Delta$. This upper bound has been improved to $O(\Delta^5)$ if $G$ has treewidth three, and to $O(\Delta)$ if $G$ has treewidth two. In this paper we prove $psn(G) \in \Theta(\Delta)$ when $G$ is a Halin graph, and thus has treewidth three. Furthermore, we present the first polynomial upper bound on the planar slope number for a family of graphs having treewidth four. Namely we show that $O(\Delta^2)$ slopes suffice for nested pseudotrees., Comment: Extended version of "Planar Drawings with Few Slopes of Halin Graphs and Nested Pseudotrees" to appear in the Proceedings of the 17th Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium (WADS 2021)

Projetos de extensão têm um papel relevante na formação acadêmica, na democratização do conhecimento e na incorporação de saberes, uma vez que permitem a interação entre os estudantes e o desenvolvimento de práticas colaborativas. Nesse viés, o projeto “Educar para Prevenir” fundamenta-se em ações que envolvem a proteção da saúde humana. Este estudo teve por objetivo relatar a experiência no primeiro contato com ação para crianças e adolescentes do projeto de extensão “Educar para Prevenir”. Foi uma ação realizada em uma escola na região metropolitana de Curitiba-PR, Brasil, com estudantes de 10-18 anos, via Google Meet. Em conclusão, apesar do formato remoto, o “Educar para Prevenir” atingiu as expectativas, e viu-se que a tecnologia pode ser utilizada para novas ações. A ação proporcionou aprimoramento de habilidades pessoais e profissionais.

Many real-world networks exhibit an inherent clustering structure, which may arise from the presence of communities inside the network or from semantic affinities among nodes. Constructing effective visualizations for such networks is a crucial task that poses several practical and theoretical challenges. The standard theoretical model for readable representations of clustered graphs is the one, of c-planarity, introduced in the 90s and still a central research topic in graph drawing. The goal of this model is to realize drawings avoiding unnecessary crossings involving edges or clusters. This chapter reviews alternative models that have been proposed to enlarge the set of clustered graphs allowing for a representation that still conveys the clustering and relational information. First, we deal with a relaxed notion of c-planarity, in which some crossings are allowed. Then, we present two popular models for hybrid representations of clustered networks, namely NodeTrix and Intersection-Link representations, which combine different drawing paradigms for the inter-cluster and the intra-cluster relationships.

We study the problem of drawing a dynamic graph, where each vertex appears in the graph at a certain time and remains in the graph for a fixed amount of time, called the window size. This defines a graph story, i.e., a sequence of subgraphs, each induced by the vertices that are in the graph at the same time. The drawing of a graph story is a sequence of drawings of such subgraphs. To support readability, we require that each drawing is straight-line and planar and that each vertex maintains its placement in all the drawings. Ideally, the area of the drawing of each subgraph should be a function of the window size, rather than a function of the size of the entire graph, which could be too large. We show that the graph stories of paths and trees can be drawn on a $2W \times 2W$ and on an $(8W + 1) \times (8W + 1)$ grid, respectively, where $W$ is the window size. These results are constructive and yield linear-time algorithms. Further, we show that there exist graph stories of planar graphs whose subgraphs cannot be drawn within an area that is only a function of $W$.

In a paper first appeared at SODA '07, Eppstein proved that testing the 3-colorability of arrangements of line segments is an NP-complete problem. However, if the slopes of the segments are limited to three different values, a 3-coloring can be trivially obtained by assigning the same color to all the segments having the same slope. We thus study the complexity of testing the 3-colorability of arrangements of line segments, or equivalently of their intersection graphs, that are restricted to have a constant number s > 3 of slopes, and prove that this remains NP-complete even for s = 4 , which is hence tight. More in general, we prove that k-coloring arrangements of line segments is NP-complete even if the segments have at most k + 1 slopes. Since the problem of computing a k-coloring of an arrangement of line segments is equivalent to computing the constrained geometric thickness of a straight-line drawing of a graph in the plane, our result extends to this problem.

Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET–CT) is the non-invasive gold standard method for determining the oncological stage of patient with diagnosis of lung cancer. A correct preoperative staging is significant because only patients who do not have a history of regional or distant disease are those who will benefit from a surgical treatment. However, due to the different values of the PET–CT in terms of sensitivity and specificity to evaluate the mediastinal lymph node involvement, it is often necessary to perform a surgical mediastinal sampling through a cervical video mediastinoscopy (VM). Patient’s risk factors which could modify the results of the PET scan, performing differences between non-invasive staging and the lymph node sampling due to VM are not yet clearly established in the literature. This knowledge will allow to identify in whom a surgical staging by sampling the mediastinal lymph nodes is needed. We included 234 patients with diagnosis of lung cancer who underwent a mediastinal lymph node staging by PET–CT images and histopathological results of mediastinal sampling by VM, analyzing the sensitivity and specificity of this non-invasive imaging study. We also analyzed variables that could modify the results of PET–CT, such as tumor type, location of the tumor and patient’s history. We showed that those PET–CT presented an overall sensitivity and specificity of 93.8 and 62.7%, respectively, with negative and positive predictive values of 95.05 and 57.1%, respectively. The false-positive rate was 25% (57 of 234 patients). Analyzing risk factors involved in this false-positive rate (n = 57), we found that the only statistically significant factor that could explain these results was the histology of squamous carcinoma (p

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a Síndrome de Burnout entre estudantes de curso profissionalizante em enfermagem, cujos objetivos são: investigara síndrome de burnout e sua relação com variáveis sócio demográficas entre estudantes de curso profissionalizante em enfermagem e identificaro conhecimento destes sobre o tema. Método: A pesquisa é descritiva, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. O instrumento MBS-SS, compostopor 15 questões, juntamente com um questionário sócio demográfico foram aplicados a 123 estudantes do ensino profissionalizante em enfermagemde duas Instituições localizadas em Curitiba-PR. A análise dos dados foi desenvolvida por meio de dados estatísticos e demonstrada em tabelas, utilizando software estatístico SPSS 20.0 e EXCEL-MS. Resultados: A dimensão Exaustão Emocional - EE apresentou média de 2,35; a Descrença DE 1,03 e a Eficácia Profissional EP 4,61. O cruzamento das médias das dimensões com as variáveis sócio demográficas revelou que a questão de gênero, na dimensão EE, pode estabelecer diferença significativa no processo de adoecimento. Conclusão: no estudo o índice médio em EE indicou a não existência de desgaste emocional pelos alunos; o índice baixo em DE mostrou sentimento de confiança no ensino e o índice alto em EP demonstrou que o ensino vem sendo percebido como útil para a formação profissional.

Paracelsus once wrote: "All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous." Latter Hahnemann formulated the law of similars, preparations which cause certain symptoms in healthy individuals if given in diluted form to patients exhibiting similar symptoms will cure it. Highly diluted natural complexes prepared according to Hahnemann’s ancient techniques may represent a new form of immunomodulatory therapy. The lack of scientific research with highly diluted products led us to investigate the in vivo and in vitro actions of commonly used medications. Here we describe the results of experimental studies aimed at verifying the effects of Mercurius solubilis, Atropa Belladonna, Lachesis muta and Bryonia alba. All medications were at 200cH dilution. Animals were maintained for 7 days and were allowed to drink the medications, which were prepared in a way that the final dilution and agitation (200cH) was performed in drinking water. The medication bottle was changed and sucussed every afternoon. Co-culture of non treated mice bone marrow cells and in vitro treated peritoneal macrophages were also performed. After animal treatment the bone marrow cells were immunophenotyped with hematopoietic lineage markers on a flow cytometer. We have determined CD11b levels on bone marrow cells after culture and co-culture with treated macrophages and these macrophages were processed to scanning electron microscopy. We have observed by morphological changes that macrophages were activated after all treatments. Mercurius solubilis treated mice showed an increase in CD3 expression and in CD11b on nonadherent bone marrow cells after co-culture with in vitro treatment. Atropa Belladonna increased CD45R and decreased Ly-6G expression on bone marrow cells after animal treatment. Lachesis muta increased CD3, CD45R and, CD11c expression and decreased CD11b ex vivo and in nonadherent cells from co-culture. Bryonia alba increased Ly-6G, CD11c and CD11b expression ex vivo and when in co-culture CD11b was increased in adherent cells as well as decreased in nonadherent cells. With these results we have demonstrated that highly diluted medications act on immune cells activating macrophages, and changing the expression profile of hematopoietic lineage markers. Highly diluted medications are less toxic and cheaper than other commonly used medications and based on our observations, it is therefore conceivable that this medications which are able to act on bone marrow and immune cells may have a potential therapeutic use in clinical applications in diseases were the immune system is affected and also as regenerative medicine as it may allow proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells.

Background Any dairy herd that continually has a somatic cell count (SCC) above 200,000 cells/ml has an indication of mammary gland inflammation (mastitis). Routine use of antibiotics to prevent mastitis is prohibited by organic farming regulations. This limitation has lead researchers to focus on cows natural defense mechanisms [1]. Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) is a complex high diluted medication comprised of comprised of Calcarea carbonica 16x, Aconitum napellus 20x, Arsenicum album 18x, Asa foetida 20x, Conium maculatum 17x, Ipecacuanha 13x, Phosphorus 20x, Rhus toxicodendron 17x, Silicea 20x, Sulphur 24x, and Thuya occidentalis 19x. Dilution procedures have followed standard methodology described at the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. This medication has enhanced immune system responses both in vitro and in vivo in a murine model [2]. Aims In the present study, we investigate the response of dairy cows after M8 treatment. Methodology The study was performed as a randomized, observer double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial, with a stratified design, using lactation number and SCC as stratification factors. The study sample consisted of 42 lactating dairy cows (Holstein) in one high producing dairy herd with 52 cows in milk in southern Brazil, divided into two experimental groups (n=21). Exclusion criteria were cows with clinical mastitis or receiving any other medical treatment. Pre- and post-milking teat disinfection was practiced in the herd. All cows were clinically examined, with udder and milk samples being appraised according to Rosenberger (1990) [3]. During 3 months one group received daily M8 treatment, the other placebo. Oral administration of 5 ml/day/cow was performed using an automatic dosage dispenser. Monthly, milk production, SCC, fat and total protein content were carefully recorded for each animal by an official milk recording program. SCC were log transformed for analysis. ANOVA and Tukey test were used to compare the averages. The Bartlett´s test was used for homogeneity of variance evaluation. Results There were no significant differences (P=0.435) among the groups in the initial evaluation (Values of SCC x103 : Placebo 67,37±80,48; Treatment 359,39±677,02). After 3 months, the M8 treated group showed a decrease (134,00±178,76 P= 0.047) in SCC when compared with control group (391,71±686,60). Fat and protein did not differ between groups and time analysed. Milk production decreased in the placebo group during time (Before: 34,97±6,69kg; After:28,69±4,33kg), whereas the treatment group did not change total amount (Before: 28,7±6,54kg; After: 26,39±5,73kg; P > 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that the M8 influenced positively SCC and suggest that it may be considered as a possible tool to promote bovine mastitis prophylaxis. Keywords: Calcarea carbonica complex, mastitis, somatic cell count [1] McDougall S, Parker KI, Heuer C, Compton CWR. A review of prevention and control of heifer mastitis via non-antibiotic strategies. Vet Microbiol. 2009; 154:177–85. [2] Oliveira CC, Abud APR, Oliveira SM, Guimarães FSF, Andrade LF, Di Bernardi RP, Coletto ELO, Kuczera D, Da Lozzo EJ, Gonçalves JP, Trindade ES, Buchi DF. Developments on drug discovery and on new therapeutics: highly diluted tinctures act as biological response modifiers. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011; 11(101): 2-11. [3]Rosenberger, G. Die klinische Untersuchung des Rindes, 3. Neubearbeitete Auflage, Paul Parey Verlag, Berlin, 1990.

Background: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is locally aggressive, fast growing, highly malignant tumor that affects humans and dogs. Affected dogs usually are presented with generalized edema, pain, erythema, and skin ulceration in mammary glands. Surgery is not recommended and an effective treatment has not been established [1]. Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) has demonstrated anticancer properties in a murine model, by improving innate immune response against tumor cells [2]. M8 is a complex high diluted medication comprised of Calcarea carbonica 16x, Aconitum napellus 20x, Arsenicum album 18x, Asa foetida 20x, Conium maculatum 17x, Ipecacuanha 13x, Phosphorus 20x, Rhus toxicodendron 17x, Silicea 20x, Sulphur 24x, and Thuya occidentalis 19x, dilution procedures have followed standard methodology described at the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Aims: To describe different routes of M8 administration associated with oral pyroxican (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) to treat dogs with IMC. Methodology: Three female dogs with 10 years old median age were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Federal University of Parana, Curitiba (HV-UFPR) with cytological and clinical diagnosis of IMC. Patients were treated with oral (0.5 mL,q12h), topical (q12h) and inhalatory (2 mL, q24h, through an ultrasonic inhalation device) M8, and oral pyroxican (0.3mg/kg, q24h).Thoracic radiographs showed pulmonary metastasis in all dogs. Results: 7 days after initiating treatment all patients had clinical improvement. It was observed reduction on mammary glands inflammation and decreased pain sensitivity. One patient had 8 month of complete remission. The other two patients died 1 and 2 month after initial treatment. However none of the patients had pulmonary progressive disease, showed by radiographic examinations. Owners revealed treatment satisfaction in regards to quality of life improvement, easy M8 administration, good M8 palatability for dogs, and inflammation reduction. Conclusion: The present report suggests that M8 influenced positively the anti -inflammatory treatment. Keywords: Calcarea carbonica complex; inflammatory mammary carcinoma; routes of administration References [1] Sorenmo K. Canine mammary gland tumors. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2003 33(3):573-96. [2] Oliveira CC, Abud APR, Oliveira SM, Guimarães FSF, Andrade LF, Di Bernardi RP, Coletto ELO, Kuczera D, Da Lozzo EJ, Gonçalves JP, Trindade ES, Buchi DF. Developments on drug discovery and on new therapeutics: highly diluted tinctures act as biological response modifiers. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011, 11(101): 2-11.

Objetivou-se apreender o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre lesao por pressao para estabelecer acoes de educacao em saude para cuidadores familiares de pacientes acamados. O estudo foi descritivo e qualitativo realizado com enfermeiros de uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Para a coleta de informacoes foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada e utilizou-se analise de conteudo como tecnica de analise das informacoes. Os pesquisados relataram conhecimento das causas, fatores de risco e estagios da lesao por pressao. Expressaram despreparo ou escassez de recursos humanos, assim como insuficiencia de materiais para realizar curativos. Quanto as orientacoes efetivadas aos cuidadores familiares, em âmbito domiciliar, houve predominio as adequacoes da roupa de cama, cuidados de higiene, com curativos e mobilizacao frequente. Observou-se carencia de capacitacao dos enfermeiros na tematica e deficiencia na instrumentalizacao do cuidador familiar na prevencao de lesao por pressao de pacientes acamados no domicilio, aspectos que reforcam a necessidade de Educacao Permanente como eixo transformador das praticas cuidativas.

We study the problem of drawing a dynamic graph, where each vertex appears in the graph at a certain time and remains in the graph for a fixed amount of time, called the window size. This defines a graph story, i.e., a sequence of subgraphs, each induced by the vertices that are in the graph at the same time. The drawing of a graph story is a sequence of drawings of such subgraphs. To support readability, we require that each drawing is straight-line and planar and that each vertex maintains its placement in all the drawings. Ideally, the area of the drawing of each subgraph should be a function of the window size, rather than a function of the size of the entire graph, which could be too large. We show that the graph stories of paths and trees can be drawn on a \(2W \times 2W\) and on an \((8W+1) \times (8W+1)\) grid, respectively, where W is the window size. These results yield linear-time algorithms. Further, we show that there exist graph stories of planar graphs whose subgraphs cannot be drawn within an area that is only a function of W.

A simple topological graph is $k$-quasiplanar ($k\geq 2$) if it contains no $k$ pairwise crossing edges, and $k$-planar if no edge is crossed more than $k$ times. In this paper, we explore the relationship between $k$-planarity and $k$-quasiplanarity to show that, for $k \geq 2$, every $k$-planar simple topological graph can be transformed into a $(k+1)$-quasiplanar simple topological graph., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1705.05569

To describe health care providers' knowledge about lung donation and donor lung management.A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on an anonymous survey was conducted between March and September 2018 among health care professionals registered to Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva.Of the 736 respondents, the mean age was 40.5 years (standard deviation 8.9), and 61.3% were female. Sixty percent were physicians, 21.5% were nurses, and 17.9% were physiotherapists. Seventy-eight percent considered themselves appropriately informed about organ procurement, and 79.8% stated that they knew potential organ donor critical care management. The lung donor criteria were answered correctly by 71.3% of the respondents. However, after the donor's brain death, 51% made no changes to ventilator parameters, 22.9% were not aware of which parameters to reprogram, and 44.5% selected tidal volume of 6 - 8mL/kg and positive end expiratory pressure of 5cmH2O. For 85% of the health care providers, the type of apnea test chosen was disconnection from the ventilator, and only 18.5% used a lung management protocol. The most frequent interventions used in the case of arterial oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen300 were positive end expiratory pressure titration, closed-circuit endotracheal suctioning, and recruitment maneuvers.Health care professionals surveyed in Argentina correctly answered most of the questions related to lung donor criteria. However, they lacked detailed knowledge about ventilatory settings, ventilatory strategies, and protocols for lung donors. Educational programs are key to optimizing multiorgan donation and should be focused on protecting the donor lungs to increase the numbers of organs available for transplantation.Descrever o conhecimento de profissionais de saúde relacionado com doação de pulmão e manejo do doador.Realizou-se estudo descritivo, transversal, com base em levantamento anônimo conduzido entre março e setembro de 2019 envolvendo profissionais de saúde registrados na Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva.Dentre os 736 participantes, a média de idade foi de 30,5 anos (desvio-padrão de 8,9), sendo 61,3% do sexo feminino. Dentre os participantes, 60% eram médicos, 21,5% enfermeiros e 17,9% fisioterapeutas. Dentre os participantes, 68% se consideravam adequadamente informados com relação à procura de órgãos, e 79,8% afirmaram estar cientes do manejo de um potencial doador sob terapia intensiva. Os critérios relativos a um doador de pulmão foram respondidos corretamente por 71,3% dos participantes. Entretanto, após a morte cerebral do doador, 51% dos participantes não fariam modificações nos parâmetros de ventilação mecânica, 22,9% não sabiam quais parâmetros reprogramar, e 44,5% escolheriam um volume corrente de 6 - 8mL/kg e pressão positiva expiratória final de 5cmH2O. Para 85% dos profissionais de saúde, o tipo de teste de apneia escolhido foi desconexão do ventilador, e apenas 18,5% utilizariam um protocolo de controle. As intervenções mais frequentemente utilizadas no caso de pressão parcial de oxigênio/fração inspirada de oxigênio300 foram titulação da pressão positiva expiratória final, aspiração traqueal em circuito fechado e manobras de recrutamento.Os profissionais de saúde que participaram deste levantamento na Argentina responderam corretamente à maior parte das questões relacionadas aos critérios para o doador de pulmão. Contudo, faltou-lhes um conhecimento detalhado relativo aos parâmetros ventilatórios, às estratégias ventilatórias e aos protocolos para doadores de pulmão. Programas educacionais são fundamentais para otimizar a doação de múltiplos órgãos e devem focalizar a proteção dos pulmões do doador, com objetivo de incrementar o número de órgãos disponíveis para transplante.

A imigração é um fenômeno que traz desafios, tanto para os imigrantes quanto para as sociedades que os acolhem. Este estudo teve como objetivo perceber como o acolhimento dos imigrantes é trabalhado nos cursos de graduação em saúde, pela perspectiva dos discentes. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte e oito (28) discentes de três (3) cursos de graduação em saúde de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) da cidade de Curitiba/PR. As informações foram analisadas conforme análise de conteúdo de Bardin, por meio da qual se organizou e categorizou as informações contidas no conteúdo das entrevistas, as quais foram gravadas. Os resultados apontam que, embora não se trabalhe pontualmente com a questão do imigrante em sala de aula, a maioria (90,3%) dos discentes tiveram contato com estes, inevitavelmente, em atividades práticas, seja por meio de atividades de estágio ou internato. Isso deflagra que nem sempre a teoria e a prática estão alinhadas, e, independentemente de cursos de graduação abordarem ou não a questão, os profissionais oriundos destes cursos terão que lidar com esta realidade em algum momento da vida, já que o fluxo migratório faz parte da realidade. As informações obtidas neste estudo permitiram averiguar junto aos discentes a importância de estar discutindo o tema dos imigrantes nas universidades, para o aprimoramento das práticas de acolhimento ao imigrante. Isto proporcionará aos discentes prestar um atendimento humanizado e solidário e um cuidado mais assertivo, além de formar egressos com uma visão humanística em relação aos imigrantes, dentro do contexto de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado.

In this paper we study the area requirements of planar greedy drawings of triconnected planar graphs. Cao, Strelzoff, and Sun exhibited a family $\cal H$ of subdivisions of triconnected plane graphs and claimed that every planar greedy drawing of the graphs in $\mathcal H$ respecting the prescribed plane embedding requires exponential area. However, we show that every $n$-vertex graph in $\cal H$ actually has a planar greedy drawing respecting the prescribed plane embedding on an $O(n)\times O(n)$ grid. This reopens the question whether triconnected planar graphs admit planar greedy drawings on a polynomial-size grid. Further, we provide evidence for a positive answer to the above question by proving that every $n$-vertex Halin graph admits a planar greedy drawing on an $O(n)\times O(n)$ grid. Both such results are obtained by actually constructing drawings that are convex and angle-monotone. Finally, we consider $\alpha$-Schnyder drawings, which are angle-monotone and hence greedy if $\alpha\leq 30^\circ$, and show that there exist planar triangulations for which every $\alpha$-Schnyder drawing with a fixed $\alpha

An 8-year-old boy presenting with a long-standing cranial bumps was eventually diagnosed with bone fibrodysplasia. The clinical features of this condition and its possible association with McCune-Albright syndrome are discussed.

A integracao entre os cursos da area da saude possibilita um aprendizado conjunto das tematicas em comum e das que podem se complementar permitindo o trabalho em equipe. Objetivou-se identificar as diversas formas de integracao aplicadas pelos docentes dos cursos de enfermagem e medicina, comparando as estrategias de integracao utilizadas com a literatura publicada na area. A pesquisa foi transversal, descritiva e exploratoria, com abordagem quantitativa. Os participantes foram os coordenadores dos cursos de medicina e enfermagem, atuantes em IES localizadas no Estado do Parana. Os dados coletados revelaram que ha iniciativas isoladas e extracurriculares nas IES, quanto a promocao de tematicas comuns entre os cursos. Considera-se pelos resultados obtidos que a integracao entre os cursos pesquisados continua sendo desafiadora e necessaria, pois e desta forma que se torna possivel uma real e efetiva educacao interprofissional para reforcar as atitudes para o trabalho em equipe, sobretudo entre enfermeiros e medicos.

Resumo A dissecção espontânea da artéria renal é uma patologia rara que, na maioria dos casos, ocorre de forma idiopática. Em alguns casos, pode estar associada à presença de alterações arteriais prévias. Os sintomas geralmente são discretos e inespecíficos, dificultando o diagnóstico. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 40 anos, com quadro de hipertensão arterial não controlada de início recente. Na investigação da etiologia da hipertensão arterial, o eco-Doppler de artérias renais revelou a presença de estenose (> 80%) no terço médio da artéria renal esquerda, e a angiografia evidenciou uma dissecção com dupla luz e redução do calibre do vaso. O paciente foi submetido a tratamento com implante de stent com evolução satisfatória.

The Authors described a case of scombroid poisoning in a 14-year-old atopic boy, initially misdiagnosed as allergic urticaria. Scombroid poisoning is a poorly known type of food poisoning due to the presence of histamine in spoiled fish of the Scombridae family. The patient presented with an itchy truncal rash after eating a pizza with tuna. The antihistamine therapy was promptly effective.

In this article, we deepen the understanding of the connection between two long-standing graph drawing open problems, Simultaneous Embedding with Fixed Edges (SEFE-2) and Clustered Planarity (C-Planarity). Given two planar graphs on the same set of vertices, the SEFE-2 problem asks to find planar drawings of the two graphs such that each vertex lies on the same point and each common edge is represented by the same curve in both drawings. Given a planar graph together with a recursive clustering of its vertices, the C-Planarity problem asks to find a planar drawing of the graph and a representation of each cluster as a simple region enclosing all and only the vertices of the cluster such that no unnecessary intersection involving clusters and edges is created. In a recent article at GD'12, Marcus Schaefer presented a reduction from C-Planarity to SEFE-2. We prove that a reduction exists also in the opposite direction, if we restrict to instances of SEFE-2 in which the graph induced by the common edges is connected. We pose as an intriguing open question whether the two problems are polynomial-time equivalent.

In this paper we introduce and study the strip planarity testing problem, which takes as an input a planar graph G(V, E) and a function $$\gamma :V \rightarrow \{1,2,\dots ,k\}$$?:V?{1,2,?,k} and asks whether a planar drawing of G exists such that each edge is represented by a curve that is monotone in the y-direction and, for any $$u,v\in V$$u,v?V with $$\gamma (u)