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The present study aimed at assessing the epidemiology including demographic variables, diagnostic features, and management of ameloblastomas at several European departments of maxillofacial and oral surgery. The following data were recorded for each patient: gender, age, voluptuary habits, comorbidities, site, size, radiographic features, type, histopathological features, kind of treatment, length of hospital stay, complications, recurrence, management and complications of the recurrence. A total of 244 patients, 134 males and 110 females with ameloblastomas were included in the study. Mean age was 47.4 years. In all, 81% of lesions were found in the mandible, whereas 19% were found in the maxilla. Mean size of included ameloblastomas was 38.9 mm. The most frequently performed treatment option was enucleation plus curettage/peripheral ostectomy in 94 ameloblastomas, followed by segmental resection (60 patients), simple enucleation (46 patients), and marginal resection (40 patients). A recurrence (with a mean follow up of 5 years) was observed in 47 cases out of 244 ameloblastomas (19.3%). Segmental resection was associated with a low risk of recurrence (p = 0003), whereas enucleation plus curettage/peripheral ostectomy was associated with a high risk of recurrence (p = 0002). A multilocular radiographic appearance was associated with a high risk of recurrence (p < .05), as well as the benign solid/multicystic histologic type (p < .05). Within the limitations of the study it seems that the management of ameloblastomas will probably remain controversial even in the future. Balancing low surgical morbidity with a low recurrence rate is a difficult aim to reach.

Aim To evaluate the impact of intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment for the surgical management of zygomatic bone fracture (ZF). Methods A prospective study was conducted on patients operated on for unilateral ZF during a two-year period. Repositioning of the fractured zygoma was assessed intraoperatively by measuring the position of malar eminences in three dimensions on CBCT. A difference of more than 2 mm between both sides was considered significant and the reduction was judged inadequate. Surgical procedure was adapted to intraoperative imaging findings. Results The surgical procedures of 47 patients treated for ZF were analyzed. In 15% of the cases (7 patients), the intraoperative CBCT showed an inadequate reduction while the morphological results seemed correct. Those patients benefited from an immediate correction of the reduction. From these 7 patients, reduction was optimized further without the need of osteosynthesis in one case, additional osteosynthesis was performed in 4 cases and 2 patients required both reduction and osteosynthesis revision. Conclusion Intraoperative CBCT control helps to achieve anatomic repositioning in case of ZF. It may reduce the risk of under-treatment and possible reoperation, and of over-treatment meaning systematic ORIF in all fractures.

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot porcine study was to explore and illustrate the surgical application of human amniotic membrane (hAM) in an ex vivo model of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).Material and methods: Five oral and maxillofacial surgeons participated to this study. MRONJ was simulated on porcine mandible specimens. hAM was applied using four different techniques: implantation with complete coverage, implantation with partial coverage, apposition and covering graft material. At the same time, the surgeons evaluated how well the hAM handled and its physical properties during the surgery.Results: Surgeons found that hAM had suitable mechanical properties, as it was easy to detach from the support, handle, bind to the defect and bury. hAM was also found to be strong and stable. The “implantation with complete coverage” and “implantation with partial coverage” techniques were the preferred choices for the MRONJ indication.Conclusion: This study shows that hAM is a graft material with suitable properties for oral surgery. It is preferable to use it buried under the gingiva with sutures above it, which increases its stability. This technical note aims to educate surgeons and provide them with details about the handling of hAM in oral surgery.Clinical relevance: Two surgical techniques for hAM application in MRONJ were identified and illustrated. hAM handling and physical properties during surgery were reported.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of mobile cone beam computed tomography (MCBCT) versus multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) in orbital floor fractures. Twenty-four fresh cadaver heads were used, and one orbital floor was fractured for each head by transconjunctival approach. MDCT and MCBCT were performed on each of the heads. The images obtained were then analysed independently by eight evaluators. The radiological characteristics of the orbital floor fractures were visualized with good interpretation agreement between the two images. The location of the fracture and enophthalmos were identified in a comparable manner with strong agreement (κ=0.93 and κ=0.85, respectively). Measurements of fatty hernias and bone defects showed a strong correlation between the two imaging modalities (Pearson coefficient between 0.64 and 0.71 and between 0.67 and 0.71, respectively). The fracture limits and the presence of bone fragments, an intrasinus fatty hernia, and a fracture of the associated medial orbital wall were visualized in both examinations with good agreement (κ=0.68, κ=0.51, κ=0.57, and κ=0.46, respectively). The soft tissue study showed superiority for MDCT, with a κ0.0009. MCBCT showed good diagnostic performance in the study of orbital floor fracture characteristics.

Introduction The potential drawbacks of surgical approaches to neck and base fractures of the mandibular condyle (visible scare, facial nerve injury) are still considered by many surgeons as a brake for open reduction and internal fixation. The aim of our study was to analyze the results in terms of access, scare quality and complications that could be noticed in a 12 years period of time with the use of the high sub-mandibular approach (HSMA) we first described in 2006 for the surgical treatment of neck and base fractures. Material and method All the files of patients operated on for condylar neck and base fractures approached by mean of a HSMA between January 2006 and December 2018 in our department and containing information concerning age, sex, type of fracture, kind of osteosynthesis material, operating time, name of the surgeon, postoperative complication linked to the approach, scare quality at 6 months follow-up at least were included. The skin incision and the dissection planes followed the original publication of Meyer et al. in 2006. Results 434 patients (sex ratio: 2.06, mean age: 32, 496 approaches) met the inclusion criteria. Following the AO classification, 21.2% of the fractures were classified as neck fractures and 78.8% as base fractures. 97.6% of all fractures were stabilized by mean of a 3D plate (TCP® plate, Medartis, Basel–CH), the remaining ones by mean of a combination of 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0 straight plates. Mean operating time was 40 minutes per side. Patients were operated on by senior surgeons in 71.7% of the cases and by trainees under supervision for the others. Concerning the complications linked to the approach, we noticed 11 (2.2%) temporary (0 definitive) paresis of the facial nerve, 1 (0.2%) hematoma and 1 (0.2%) abscess that both needed revision. Scare was hypertrophic or considered as unaesthetic by the patient in 5 cases (1%). Discussion The HSMA, if performed as initially described, is a safe and quick procedure compared to other cutaneous approaches. It gives access to all base fractures and to most of neck fractures. The very low rate of facial nerve complications is mainly explained by the plane by plane dissection making it very easy to avoid the facial nerve branches or to check them when encountered. The HSMA is particularly suited to the use of TCP plates as the upper holes of these plates, placed horizontally, are easy to reach from below. The HSMA is therefore still our preferred cutaneous approach to the condylar process.

INTRODUCTION: Odontoma is the most commonly diagnosed odontogenic tumor of the oral cavity. The objective of the present study was to assess the demographic variables, patterns, diagnostic features, and management issues of odontomas treated at several European departments of maxillofacial and oral surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at 8 European departments of oral surgery between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018. Only patients with odontomas were included. The following data were recorded for each patient: gender, age, comorbidities, site, size of odontomas, radiographic features, type of odontoma, treatment of odontomas, treatment of associated teeth, complications, and recurrence.RESULTS: A total of 127 patients (70 male and 57 female patients) with odontomas were included. The mean age was 22 years; 71 odontomas were found in the mandible, whereas 56 in the maxilla. In the mandible, the most frequently involved subsite was the parasymphysis, while in the maxilla, the most common subsite was the upper incisor region. The mean size of included odontomas was 15.3 mm. On the whole, 62 complex odontomas, 50 compound odontomas, and 15 mixed-type odontomas were observed. Complete excision of the odontomas was performed in 121 patients. In 24 patients, the extraction of deciduous teeth was performed, and in 43 patients, one or more permanent teeth were removed. Finally, in 9 patients, a partial excision of the odontoma was performed. Recurrence was observed in 4 cases out of 127 patients.CONCLUSIONS: Dental practitioners should be aware of the distinct clinical and radiographic features of odontoma in order to perform an appropriate and early diagnosis. Conventional radiography, such as panoramic radiograph, is often sufficient technique for a diagnosis after clinical suspicion or for an incidental diagnosis to prevent later complications, such as impaction or failure of eruption of teeth.

The elderly population, which is more active than before, is increasingly suffering from trauma (loss of reflexes and systemic pathologic conditions). Surgical management may be more controversial due to the potential consequences of general anesthesia and the sometimes negligible consequences of functional management. The main objective of this study was to analyze the causes and location of facial fractures in subjects older than 65 years. The secondary objective was to evaluate the management of these fractures (surgical or functional) according to comorbidities.In this retrospective study (over a five-year period), we analyzed the causes and management of facial fractures in patients aged over 65 years, and the medical history of each patient was investigated.One hundred and nineteen patients with 198 facial fractures were included. The main cause of fractures was a fall (50%). The zygomatic region (39.9%) and mandible (27.8%) were the sites of the most frequent fractures. Comorbidities were found in 84.9% of patients, the majority of which were cardiovascular diseases (82.3%). 75.8% of fractures were treated surgically and 4.8% of patients had complications.This work is a help to understanding the causes and consequences of facial trauma in the elderly population. The management of these facial fractures requires a multidisciplinary assessment, taking into account the patient's medical history and evaluating the risks and benefits of a surgical procedure with general anesthesia.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present article was to review and depict the main radiological features of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), thus helping the differential diagnoses from other odontogenic cysts and neoplasms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A review of articles published between January 2000 and October 2020 using Medline and the MeSH Term "odontogenic keratocyst" in combination with the following terms "imaging," "radiology," "panoramic radiograph," and "computed tomography," was performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Radiographically, OKCs are well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies bounded by corticated margins. Most lesions are unilocular; instead, multilocular OKCs represent about the 30% of cases, mainly involving the posterior mandible. When, particularly in large lesions, OKCs display a multilocular presentation with adjacent satellite cysts (daughter cysts) a "soap-bubble appearance" can be recognized. DISCUSSION: Panoramic radiograph and CT still play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OKCs. Unfortunately, it may not be easy to differentiate OKCs from other odontogenic lesions, especially when they are small and unilocular. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological findings are still necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis.

This study aimed to demonstrate an association between the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) after orthognathic surgery and penicillin allergy and to assess whether other factors could be associated with the occurrence of SSI. A 10-year monocentric retrospective study was conducted to identify possible risk factors for SSI in orthognathic surgery. Bivariate analyses were performed using Fisher, Student, or Wilcoxon tests and multivariate analyses using logistic regression. Two hundred and sixty-six patients were included, and 3.5% had SSI. Bivariate analyses revealed a significant association between SSI and age at surgery (p = 0.01), penicillin allergy (p = 0.02), and postoperative antibiotic therapy by Clindamycin (Dalacine®) (p = 0.02). Multivariate analyses confirmed the association between the occurrence of SSI and treatment with Clindamycin (Dalacine®) or Clindamycin (Dalacine®) and Metronidazole (Flagyl®) postoperatively (p = 0.04). Antibiotic therapy with Clindamycin (Dalacine®) seems to be associated with a higher rate of SSI, and the mandible was the only site affected by SSI.

Thiollierea papineaui Barrab�� & Fleurot, sp. nov. (Figs 1; 2; 3) Thiollierea papineaui, sp. nov. ressembles Thiollierea lenormandii (N. Hall�� & J��r��mie) Barrab�� & Mouly in having 10 lobes of calyx and an hypanthium with 10 fluted ribs, but differs most notably from the latter species in having compact uniflorous (vs elongate triflorous) inflorescences with a shorter peduncle 10 mm), and larger lobes of calyx: 1.5-2.5 mm (vs 0.6- 1 mm). TYPUS. ��� Nouvelle-Cal��donie. Grande Terre, Ti��baghi, maquis ligno-herbac��, substrat ultramafique, lat��rites, sol gravillonnaire sur pente, 450 m, coordonn��es UTM: 419121.3 / 7734848.5, 13.IV.2006, fl.fr., Barrab��, Rigault & Barri��re 354 (holo-, NOU [NOU014167]!; iso-, NOU [NOU054676]!, P [P06714987]!, S!). MAT��RIEL ��TUDI��. ��� Nouvelle-Cal��donie. Grande Terre, Massif de Kaala, Karemb��, Koumac, 28.II.1925, fl.fr., D��niker 1273 (P [P06714984]!). ��� Ti��baghi,maquis,ultramafique, 402 m, 20��28���23.1���S, 164��14���15.3���E, 20.X.2018, bt.fl.fr, Fleurot 498 (NOU [NOU089972, NOU105574]!). ��� Karemb��, Koumac, maquis paraforestier �� Gymnostoma chamaecyparis, substrat ultramafique, serpentines sur pente, 107 m, 20��36���36.119���S, 164��20���56.539���E, 31.V.2019, bt.fl.fr., Fleurot & Day�� 572 (NOU [NOU090354, NOU106175]!). ��� Ti��baghi, Creek �� Paul, maquis arbustif, ultramafique, 68 m, 20��29���31.9���S, 164��13���23.6���E, 25.VIII.2019, bt.fr, Fleurot 611 (NOU [NOU090455]!, P!). ��� Ti��baghi, relais de TV, 25.XI.1980, bt., fl., G��rard 51 (NOU [NOU041278]!). ��� Koumac, Chagrin, 300 m, 8.I.1983, bt., fl., MacKee 41145 (NOU [NOU011749]!). ��� Massif deTi��baghi, c. 12 air-km NW of Koumac, maquis, c. 500 m, 8.XI.1980, bt., fl., McPherson 3315 (P [P06839258]!). ��� Paagoum��ne, Creek �� Paul, 31.VIII.2005, bt., fl., Munzinger 2991 (NOU [NOU008252]!). ��� Ti��baghi, 26.XI.1980, fl.fr., Pusset 163 (NOU [NOU011748]!). ��TYMOLOGIE. ��� Cette esp��ce est d��di��e au regrett�� Christian Papineau, ing��nieur agronome retrait��, d��c��d�� le 8 septembre 2017, en reconnaissance de son engagement pour la conservation de la flore n��o-cal��donienne. Christian Papineau a fait carri��re dans la foresterie au sein de la province Nord de 1990 �� 1994. Ensuite, il fut nomm�� 5 ans �� l���IRD au Programme For��t S��che, dont il assurera la direction entre 2000 et 2010. Son engagement pour la nature n��ocal��donienne l���a men�� �� ��tre responsable du volet Environnement au sein de l���Association pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine Historique et Minier du Nord Cal��donien (ASPMHNC dite Association du vieux village de Ti��baghi) de 2010 �� septembre 2017. DISTRIBUTION ET ��COLOGIE. ��� Thiollierea papineaui, sp. nov. est pr��sente en maquis minier, de type ligno-herbac��, sur sol gravillonnaire, lat��ritique ultramafique.Les dix r��coltes connues ont ��t�� collect��es sur la commune de Koumac et sont restreintes au massif minier de Ti��baghi, entre 45 et 500 m d���altitude, et �� Karemb��, environ 100 m, �� la base du massif de Kaala (Fig. 2). Une observation tr��s r��cente du 15 f��vrier 2020 (sans r��colte) positionne des individus matures (boutons, fleurs et fruits) en amont du captage de Troulala, commune de Kaala-Gomen, �� une altitude de 130 m��tres. Les r��coltes de cette esp��ce sont actuellement encore trop peu nombreuses pour pouvoir conclure quant aux p��riodes de floraison et fructification. Toutefois, des sp��cimens en boutons et en fleurs ont ��t�� r��colt��s aux mois de janvier, f��vrier, avril, mai, ao��t, octobre, et novembre, et des sp��cimens en fruits aux mois de f��vrier, avril, mai, ao��t, octobre et novembre. STATUT DE CONSERVATION. ��� Cat��gorie sur la Liste Rouge de l���UICN: En Danger (EN; B1a, b (i,ii,iii,iv,v); B2a, b (i,ii,iii,vi,v); C2a(i)). B1: l�����tendue totale de l���aire d���occurrence est inf��rieure �� 88 km ��; a, les populations sont r��parties sur quatre localit��s: �� la base et sur les flancs du massif minier de Ti��baghi, dans la r��gion de Babouillat (25 m d���altitude), �� la base du massif du Kaala (captage de Karemb��), et en amont du captage de Troulala (130 m d���altitude). B2: l�����tendue totale de l���aire d���occupation est inf��rieure �� 36 km ��; a, b(iii). C2a: La population est estim��e �� moins de 410 individus matures et un d��clin continu est pr��vu. Ti��baghi est un massif minier actuellement exploit�� pour l���extraction de nickel par la SLN (Soci��t�� Le Nickel; Fig. 2). Sur les flancs de Ti��baghi, Thiollierea papineaui, sp. nov. est menac��e directement par l���exploitation du minerai �� ciel ouvert, car l���esp��ce pousse principalement sur un sol min��ralis��. Les sites de Babouillat, Karemb�� et Troulala sont r��guli��rement expos��s aux d��parts de feux de brousses, dont l���ann��e 2019 a ��t�� particuli��rement marqu��e. Le crit��re de classification UICN pour cette esp��ce toutefois fragile, montre la n��cessit�� de la mise en place d���un syst��me de protection environnemental revu et appropri�� (Jaffr�� et al. 1998). Des programmes de protection, de multiplication et de plantation de cette esp��ce devront ��tre mis en oeuvre sur le massif m��me de Ti��baghi. Il faudra n��anmoins apporter une vigilance accrue contre les d��parts de feux, qui se produisent fr��quemment dans la r��gion (Observatoire de l���Environnement Nouvelle-Cal��donie 2019) et qui constituent la seconde menace pour l���esp��ce. DESCRIPTION Arbuste peu ramifi�� de 0,4-2,5 m de hauteur et tronc atteignant environ 1,5 cm de diam��tre �� la base. Rameaux glabres, �� ��corce coriace et craquel��e longitudinalement. Bourgeon v��g��tatif terminal abondamment cireux. Stipules interp��tiolaires, persistantes, glabres, hirsutes sur le rebord int��rieur, tronqu��es, annulaires, soud��es et engainantes, frip��es horizontalement in sicco, �� rebord sup��rieur droit, de 2-3 �� 4,5-7 mm, int��rieurement cireuses et hirsutes, �� face interne tapiss��e basalement et en couronne de c��rocystes granuleux, ronds, de 0,2-0,3 mm de diam��tre. Feuilles coriaces, brillantes, glabres, group��es �� l���extr��mit�� des rameaux; p��tiole long de 0,7-2,4 cm, ��pais de 1-2,5 mm, �� section basale plano-convexe, canalicul�� sur la face adaxiale; limbe de 4,1- 12 �� 1,3-4 cm, ��troitement oblanc��ol�� �� oblanc��ol��, apex rond �� obtus, parfois l��g��rement acumin��, base att��nu��e et finement d��currente, marges enti��res et finement r��volut��es. Nervation brochidodrome; nervure m��diane saillante �� section circulaire sur la face abaxiale, canalicul��e sur la face adaxiale; 7-12 paires de nervures secondaires, espac��es de 0,5-1,5 cm, formant un angle de 50-80�� avec la nervure m��diane, tr��s peu visibles �� finement saillantes sur la face adaxiale, plus visibles sur les jeunes feuilles, noy��es �� finement saillantes sur la face abaxiale; r��seau tertiaire noy��. Inflorescences axillaires, uniflores.Axes inflorescentiels glabres, naissant en position supra-axillaire, pr��sentant 2 noeuds et 2 entrenoeuds; p��doncule long de 2,5-8 mm, ��pais de 1-2 mm, 2 bract��es foliac��es par noeud, parfois caduques, elliptiques �� ��troitement elliptiques, �� apex obtus, 0,3-1,8 �� 0,25-0,6 cm; p��dicelle long de 1-2 mm, bract��oles parfois absentes, glabres �� l���ext��rieur et hirsutes �� l���int��rieur, naviculiformes et car��n��es, �� apex aigu, 0,3-1,5 �� 0,1-4,5 mm. Fleurs pentam��res, zygomorphes, retombantes. Pr��floraison imbriqu��e.Hypanthe de 9-13 �� 3-3,5 mm, ��troitement turbin��, cannel��, pr��sentant 10 c��tes arrondies dont 5 alternis��palaires et 5 ��pis��palaires, glabre. Calice cireux int��rieurement; tube discret long de 1-1,5 mm, se scindant l��g��rement �� maturit��, 10 lobes de 10-14,5 �� 1,5-2,5 mm, �� marges involut��es soud��es en gaine, lin��aires, falqu��s, dress��s, �� apex aigu, �� base large de 1-1,5 mm, glabres ext��rieurement, hirsutes sur le rebord int��rieur, �� face interne ��parsement tapiss��e de c��rocystes granuleux �� la base des lobes et en anneaux circulaires �� l���int��rieur du tube, ronds, d���environ 0.3 mm de diam��tre. Corolle arqu��e, infundibuliforme, presque r��guli��rement ��vas��e, rouge vif �� sombre ext��rieurement �� base jaunissante, int��rieurement jaune avec une ligne rouge d��marquant la jointure et les rebords des lobes, coriace, ext��rieurement glabre, int��rieurement glabre �� l���exception d���une couronne de poils basale, hirsute sur 0.5 cm et �� partir de 5 mm depuis la base; tube long de 4,5-6,7 cm, �� gorge ��vas��e large de 2,1-4,8 cm, �� base ��trangl��e large de 0,5-0,7 cm; lobes de 0,8-1,5 �� 0,9-1,9 cm, triangulaires, �� rebords courb��s, r��curv��s horizontalement, apicul��s. ��tamines incluses �� semi-incluses, arqu��es; anth��res glabres de 14,5 �� 2,5 mm, fortement torsad��es; filets de 45 �� 1,5-2 mm, �� sections basale et apicale cylindriques, soud��s par leurs bases sur une hauteur de 3.5 mm, pr��sentant une pilosit�� basale, hirsute, oblique sur 9 mm et situ��e au-dessus d���une partie glabre ext��rieure de 4 mm. Style de 57 �� 0,6-0,7 mm, filiforme, �� section cylindrique, termin�� par 2 lobes stigmatiques bomb��s, accol��s sur 4,5 mm, zone papilleuse r��ceptive restreinte aux stigmates. Ovaire biloculaire; disque nectarif��re scind�� en quatre, de 4 mm de diam��tre. Placenta axial, ��troit, de 8,5 �� 1,5 mm, non fendu, portant lat��ralement environ 50 ovules, longs de 0,4 mm, imbriqu��s, �� orientation acrop��te, dispos��s sur 1-2 rang��es par bras placentaire. Fruit capsulaire, brun-gris �� maturit��, turbin��, cannel��, de 18-20 �� 4,5-9 mm, pr��sentant 10 nervures longitudinales fines, bract��es et bract��oles caduques, lobes calicinaux caduques. Graines m��res aplaties, ovales, de 1,9 �� 1,4 mm, alv��ol��es avec des cavit��s de dimensions similaires au centre et en p��riph��rie., Published as part of Barrab��, Laure & Fleurot, Dominique, 2021, Deux esp��ces nouvelles de Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae), end��miques des massifs Nord-Ouest de la Grande Terre (Nouvelle-Cal��donie), pp. 37-47 in Adansonia (3) (3) 43 (5) on pages 38-42, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a5, http://zenodo.org/record/4588758, {"references":["JAFFRE T., BOUCHET P. & VEILLON J. - M. 1998. - Threatened plants of New Caledonia: is the system of protected areas adequate? Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 109 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1008815930865"]}

CL�� D��� IDENTIFICATION DE TOUTES LES ESP��CES ACTUELLEMENT RECONNUES DU GENRE THIOLLIEREA (revue depuis Barrab�� et al. 2011b) 1. Lobes de la corolle nettement plus courts que le tube, largement triangulaires, droits ou r��curv��s................ 2 ��� Lobes de la corolle aussi longs que le tube, ��troitement lanc��ol��s �� lin��aires, nettement r��fl��chis............... 16 2. Corolle blanche et/ou violac��e..................................................................................................................... 3 ��� Corolle rouge et/ou jaune............................................................................................................................ 8 3. Inflorescences 1-flores, esp��ce micro-end��mique du massif de Boulinda...... Thiollierea rigaultii Barrab�� & Mouly ��� Inflorescences 3-pluri-flores......................................................................................................................... 4 4. Inflorescences fascicul��es, sessiles �� subsessiles, 12-pluri-flores, esp��ce largement distribu��e sur les massifs isol��s du Nord-Ouest................................................................................................ Thiollierea artensis Montrouz. ��� Inflorescences en cymes simples ou compos��es, distinctement p��doncul��es, 3-8-flores................................ 5 5. Longueur de la corolle inf��rieure �� 2 cm, apex de la feuille acumin��, esp��ce largement distribu��e du Grand Massif du Sud au Koniambo............................. Thiollierea parviflora (Schltr. & K.Krause) Barrab�� & Mouly ��� Longueur de la corolle sup��rieure ou ��gale �� 2 cm, apex de la feuille aigu �� obtus........................................ 6 6. Inflorescences 3-8 flores, tube du calice restant entier, hypanthe subail�� �� 4 ou 5 expansions aplaties, esp��ce micro-end��mique du massif de Boulinda............................................ Thiollierea dagostinii Barrab�� & Mouly ��� Inflorescences strictement 3-flores, tube du calice secondairement scind�� en deux, hypanthe cannel�� �� 4-5 ou 8 c��tes arrondies............................................................................................................................................. 7 7. Lobes de la corolle inf��rieurs ou ��gaux �� 2 mm de longueur, lobes du calice incurv��s, hypanthe �� 8 c��tes, esp��ce du Grand Massif du Sud.................................................... Thiollierea retusiflora (Brongn.) Barrab�� & Mouly ��� Lobes de la corolle sup��rieurs �� 2 mm de longueur, lobes du calice dress��s puis ��tal��s, hypanthe �� 4-5 c��tes, esp��ce du Grand Massif du Sud........................................... Thiollierea tubiflora (Brongn.) Barrab�� & Mouly 8. Calice double, �� 10 lobes............................................................................................................................. 9 ��� Calice simple, �� 4 ou 5 lobes..................................................................................................................... 10 9. Inflorescences uniflores, �� lobes du calice, larges de 1,5-2,5 �� 10-14,5 mm, esp��ce end��mique des massifs de Ti��baghi et du Kaala........................................................... Thiollierea papineaui Barrab�� & Fleurot, sp. nov. ��� Inflorescences triflores, �� lobes du calice effil��s, larges de 0,6-1 �� 4,5-11 mm, esp��ce micro-end��mique du massif de Koniambo................................................ Thiollierea lenormandii (N.Hall�� & J��r��mie) Barrab�� & Mouly 10. Fleurs t��tram��res, esp��ce micro-end��mique du massif de Kaala................................................................................................................................................ Thiollierea kaalaensis (N.Hall�� & J��r��mie) Barrab�� & Mouly ��� Fleurs pentam��res...................................................................................................................................... 11 11. Corolle enti��rement jaune, apex des feuilles r��tus �� tronqu�� avec un apicule rond, esp��ce micro-end��mique des massifs de la Montagne des Sources et du Kouakou��........ Thiollierea pachyphylla (Guillaumin) Barrab�� & Mouly ��� Corolle majoritairement rouge, souvent avec l���int��rieur du tube panach�� de jaune, apex des feuilles rond......... 12 12. Hypanthe sans expansion angulaire (ni subail��, ni cannel��)....................................................................... 13 ��� Hypanthe subail�� �� 5 expansions aplaties ou hypanthe cannel��.................................................................. 14 13. Inflorescences (1)-3-pluriflores, Corolle, androc��e et gyn��c��e actinomorphes, esp��ce largement distribu��e dans le Grand Massif du Sud (limite nord: Houa��lou)..................... Thiollierea macrophylla (Brongn.) Baum. -Bod. ��� Inflorescences 1-(3)-flores, Corolle, androc��e et gyn��c��e l��g��rement zygomorphes, esp��ce micro-end��mique du Kop��to............................................................................ Thiolllierea naounarum Fleurot & Barrab��, sp. nov. 14. Corolle, androc��e et gyn��c��e actinomorphes, esp��ce du Grand Massif du Sud et pr��sente aux massifs de Kop��to, Pa��oua et Boulinda................................................................ Thiollierea campanulata (Brongn.) Baum. -Bod. ��� Corolle, androc��e et gyn��c��e l��g��rement zygomorphes.............................................................................. 15 15. Feuilles ��troitement oblanc��ol��es, de 0,8-1,5 �� 4,7-7,8 cm, lobes du calice de 1,3-2,2 �� 6,2-9,5 mm, dress��s, hypanthe ail��, esp��ce micro-end��mique du massif de Taom....................... Thiollierea neriifolia (Brongn.) Barrab�� & Mouly ��� Feuilles largement oblanc��ol��es, de 1,6-2,7 �� 5,3-11,3 cm, lobes du calice de 1,7-2,8 �� 10-23 mm, ��tal��s horizontalement, hypanthe cannel��, esp��ce micro-end��mique du massif de Poum...... Thiollierea laureana Mouly 16. Lobes de la corolle lin��aires, corolle ��paisse et spongieuse, lobes du calice r��duits sous forme de petites dents, hypanthe cannel��................................................................ Thiollierea montana (Vieill.) Paudyal & Delprete ��� Lobes de la corolle ��troitement lanc��ol��s, corolle fine et papyrac��e, lobes du calice effil��s, hypanthe lisse................................................................................... Thiollierea propinqua (Brongn. & Gris) Paudyal & Delprete, Published as part of Barrab��, Laure & Fleurot, Dominique, 2021, Deux esp��ces nouvelles de Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae), end��miques des massifs Nord-Ouest de la Grande Terre (Nouvelle-Cal��donie), pp. 37-47 in Adansonia (3) (3) 43 (5) on page 45, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a5, http://zenodo.org/record/4588758, {"references":["BARRABE L., MOULY A. & MUNZINGER J. 2011 b. - Deux especes nouvelles de Thiollierea (Rubiaceae) restreintes aux sols hypermagnesiens du massif du Boulinda (Nouvelle-Caledonie). Adansonia, ser. 3, 33 (1): 135 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / a 2011 n 1 a 9"]}

Barrabé, Laure, Fleurot, Dominique (2021): Deux espèces nouvelles de Thiollierea Montrouz. (Rubiaceae), endémiques des massifs Nord-Ouest de la Grande Terre (Nouvelle-Calédonie). Adansonia (3) 43 (5): 37-47, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2021v43a5

International audience; Phylogenies recurrently demonstrate that oceanic island systems have been home to rapid clade diversification and adaptive radiations. The existence of adaptive radiations posits a central role of natural selection causing ecological divergence and speciation, and some plant radiations have been highlighted as paradigmatic examples of such radiations. However, neutral processes may also drive speciation during clade radiations, with ecological divergence occurring following speciation. Here, we document an exceptionally rapid and unique radiation of Lamiaceae within the New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot. Specifically, we investigated various biological, ecological, and geographical drivers of species diversification within the genus Oxera. We found that Oxera underwent an initial process of rapid cladogenesis likely triggered by a dramatic period of aridity during the early Pliocene. This early diversification of Oxera was associated with an important phase of ecological diversification triggered by significant shifts of pollination syndromes, dispersal modes, and life forms. Finally, recent diversification of Oxera appears to have been further driven by the interplay of allopatry and habitat shifts likely related to climatic oscillations. This suggests that Oxera could be regarded as an adaptive radiation at an early evolutionary stage that has been obscured by more recent joint habitat diversification and neutral geographical processes. Diversification within Oxera has perhaps been triggered by varied ecological and biological drivers acting in a leapfrog pattern, but geographic processes may have been an equally important driver. We suspect that strictly adaptive radiations may be rare in plants and that most events of rapid clade diversification may have involved a mixture of geographical and ecological divergence.

Introduction 3D printing seems to have more and more applications in maxillofacial surgery (MFS), particularly since the release on the market of general use 3D printers several years ago. The aim of our study was to answer 4 questions: 1. Who uses 3D printing in MFS and is it routine or not? 2. What are the main clinical indications for 3D printing in MFS and what are the kinds of objects that are used? 3. Are these objects printed by an official medical device (MD) manufacturer or made directly within the department or the lab? 4. What are the advantages and drawbacks? Methodology Two bibliographic researches were conducted on January the 1st, 2017 in PubMed, without time limitation, using “maxillofacial surgery” AND “3D printing” for the first and for the second “maxillofacial surgery” AND “computer-aided design” AND “computer-aided manufacturing” as keywords. Articles in English or French dealing with human clinical use of 3D printing were selected. Publication date, nationality of the authors, number of patients treated, clinical indication(s), type of printed object(s), type of printing (lab/hospital-made or professional/industry) and advantages/drawbacks were recorded. Results Two hundred and ninety-seven articles from 35 countries met the criteria. The most represented country was the People's Republic of China (16% of the articles). A total of 2889 patients (10 per article on average) benefited from 3D printed objects. The most frequent clinical indications were dental implant surgery and mandibular reconstruction. The most frequently printed objects were surgical guides and anatomic models. Forty-five percent of the prints were professional. The main advantages were improvement in precision and reduction of surgical time. The main disadvantages were the cost of the objects and the manufacturing period when printed by the industry. Discussion The arrival on the market of low-cost printers has increased the use of 3D printing in MFS. Anatomic models are not considered to be MDs and do not have to follow any regulation. Nowadays, they are easily printed with low-cost printers. They allow for better preoperative planning and training for the procedures and for pre-shaping of plates. Occlusal splints and surgical guides are intended for the smooth transfer of planning to the operating room. They are considered to be MDs and even if they are easy to print, they have to follow the regulations applying to MDs. Patient specific implants (custom-made plates and skeletal reconstruction modules) are much more demanding objects and their manufacturing remains nowadays in the hands of the industry. The main limitation of in-hospital 3D printing is the restrictive regulations applying to MDs. The main limitations of professional 3D printing are the cost and the lead time. 3D printed objects are nowadays easily available in MFS. However, they will never replace a surgeon's skill and should only be considered as useful tools.

Intraoperative imaging is increasingly used by surgeons and has become an integral part of many surgical procedures. This study was performed to provide an overview of the current literature on the intraoperative use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in maxillofacial surgery. A bibliographic search of PubMed was conducted in March 2020, without time limitation, using "intraoperative imaging" AND "maxillofacial surgery" AND "cone beam computed tomography" as key words. Ninety-one articles were found; after complete reading, 16 articles met the eligibility criteria and were analysed. The results showed that the majority of the indications were related to maxillofacial trauma, particularly zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Final verification with intraoperative CBCT before wound closure was the most common use of this device. However, innovative uses of intraoperative CBCT are expanding, such as CBCT coupling with mirror computational planning, and even the combined use of initial intraoperative CBCT acquisition with navigation. Immediate, fast, and easy evaluation of bone repositioning to avoid the need for further surgical revision is the main advantage of this technique. Imaging quality is comparable to that of multi-slice computed tomography, but with lower radiation exposure. Nevertheless, CBCT is still not widely available in maxillofacial centres, probably because of its cost, and perhaps because not everyone is aware of its advantages and versatility, which are reported in this review.

Introduction Maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) is a common facial disharmony that may need surgical assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). The aim of this study was to present our SARPE technique and to report about our experience. Materiel and Method Medical records of all class III patients who underwent SARPE in our department from 2010 to 2015 and for whom a follow-up of at least 1 year was available, were included in a retrospective study. The technique consisted, after short orthodontic preparation allowing for divergence of the upper central incisors, in a complete Le Fort I osteotomy without down fracture, and medial sagittal submucosal separation of the hard palate under general anesthesia in an inpatient procedure. Teeth-supported distracters were sealed preoperatively while bone-supported devices were inserted peroperatively. Activation of the distracter was allowed from day 2 at the rate of 2 × 0.25 per day during 4 days and 2 × 0.5 mm per day the following days. Distracters were left in place for about 4 months. Orthodontic treatment resumption was allowed from the second month. The initial malocclusion, the amount and type (parallel or angular) of distraction that was needed, the type of distracter used, the amount of distraction obtained, the per- and postoperative complications and the clinical stability of the end result were analyzed. Results The records of 23 patients (18 women, 5 men – average age: 25.4 years, extremes: 16–55 years) could be included. MTD was isolated in 6 cases, associated with a maxillary retrognathism in 5 cases, with a mandibular prognathism in 6 cases, and with both in 6 cases. The average amount of distraction needed was 7.2 mm (range: 4–12), parallel in 20 cases and angular in 3 cases. The distracters were bone-supported (Rapid Palatal Expander®, KLS Martin Group, Tuttlingen, Germany) in 3 patients and custom-made tooth-supported in 20 patients. The average amount of distraction obtained at the level of the distracter cylinder was 7.7 mm (range: 5–13). We noted 2 cases of palatal fibromucosa perforations, 1 case of posterior excess of distraction, 1 case of nasal septum deviation, 1 case of iatrogenic necrosis of tooth No.°11, 1 case of naso-genial sulcus hematoma, 1 case of intraoperative mobility of tooth No.°21, 5 cases of asymmetric distraction. Seventeen patients needed a second orthognathic procedure and 22 had stable Class I occlusion after removal of appliances at 18 months follow-up on average. Discussion SARPE is a quite safe procedure that allows for transverse coordination without dental extraction. Transverse discrepancies greater than 4 mm are for us clear indications for SARPE. When a sagittal discrepancy is associated, we prefer performing SARPE first and correcting the sagittal plane in a second operation. The recent development of Le Fort I sliding osteosynthesis plates opens the way to one time correction and the development of double-action distracters fitted out with 2 cylinders will be helpful for performing angular distractions.

Oxera is a genus of c. 20 species from New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Its phylogenetic placement in Lamiaceae (Ajugoideae) remained uncertain until studies showed close affinities with the large pantropical genus Clerodendrum, the Indo-Pacific Faradaya (three species) and the monotypic Hosea from Borneo. We reassessed the relationships of Oxera with these genera by building a phylogenetic framework based on six plastid and six nuclear loci and on a sampling including 30 ingroup species. The results show that Clerodendrum and its closely related genera are sister to the alliance encompassing Faradaya, Hosea and Oxera. Hosea is sister to all species of Oxera and Faradaya. Faradaya is recovered as polyphyletic as it is partly nested within Oxera. Extensive morphological variability is observed in Oxera. However, Oxera also shares strong similarities with the three Faradaya species. Polyphyletic Faradaya is therefore placed in synonymy with Oxera and we propose three new combinations: O. amicorum, O. lehuntei and O. splendida. A unique synapomorphy supports this new circumscription of Oxera: the petiole vascularization consisting of several small vascular bundles arranged in an interrupted full circle (vs. a large bundle in a half circle in other ajugoids). Oxera thus comprises c. 37 species, with a diversity centre in New Caledonia. Biogeographical processes, plastid paralogy and vascularization shift are discussed. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 693–711.

Introduction Unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS) is a complex craniosynostosis, combining malformations of the upper (frontal bone, orbito-naso-frontal bandeau (ONFB) ) and the middle thirds of the face. In our centre, the surgical correction consists in the repositioning of the ONFB in front of the zygomaticofrontal suture on the affected side. Defects in the corrections have been observed post-operatively for some patients with a persistent asymmetry in the side walls of the orbits. The purposes of our study were to perform an analysis of the frontal process of zygoma (FPZ) in children affected by UCS using preoperative CT-scans and to consider the modification of surgical techniques in order to achieve a better ONFB repositioning and thus, better symmetry. Material and method The preoperative CT-scans of 13 children with UCS who underwent corrective surgery in our department from 2005 to 2016, were analyzed. After the selection of 6 morphological points in 2 and 3 dimensions using planning software, the sutures constituting the coronal arch and the sagittal distances between the coronal plane and the zygomaticofrontal sutures were analyzed. We compared the measurements on the pathological side to the healthy side, the non-affected side being the reference side. The patients included were those for whom the lack of symmetry between the healthy side and the affected side was more than 2 mm. Statistical analyses were carried out using a Student t-test. Results Of the 13 children, 10 (1 day to 42 months old) met the inclusion criteria. The mean sagittal distance between the coronal plane and the healthy zygomaticofrontal suture was 33.8 mm ± 5.43 mm [range: 25.9: 40.9] [median: 34.3]. On the pathological side, the distance was 28.75 mm ± 4.76 mm [range: 20.8: 36.3] [median: 29.55], (p = 0.04). Discussion There is a significant asymmetry between the FPZ on the healthy and the pathological sides in children affected by UCS. This asymmetry is variable, therefore justifying a personalized surgical correction whichtakes into account not only the shape of the ONFB but also the degree of asymmetry of the FPZ. A prospective study with immediate preoperative CBCT image acquisition and long-term clinical and radiological follow-up, will be our next step.

12. Eumachia obovoidea (Verdc.) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. Ξ Chazaliella obovoidea Verdc. in Kew Bull. 31: 803, 1977. Ξ Margaritopsis obovoidea (Verdc.) Razafim. & B. Bremer in Amer. J. Bot. 101: 1118. 2014. Typus: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Zaïre, vallée de la N’kula, 24.IV.1947, Toussaint 2270 (holo-: BR [BR 0000008483300] image seen; iso-: BR [BR0000008828514] image seen, K [K000412366] image seen). Notes. – This species is found in Cameroon and eastern to central Democratic Republic of Congo (VERDCOURT, 1977). Its typical subspecies was illustrated by VERDCOURT (1977: 805, fig. 4). Plants of Eumachia obovoidea are often notable for their corky or thickened stems. Two duplicates of the type specimen of Chazaliella obovoidea are deposited at BR, where the holotype was designated in the protologue without further detail. One of these specimens has a collection label, an annotation with this name by Verdcourt, and a significantly lower accession number, and is assumed to be the holotype. The other specimen has no label or annotation, and thus cannot be confirmed to have been studied by Verdcourt and is assumed to be an isotype. The specimen at K has one written designation on it as “ holotype ”, and another, apparently made later, as “isotype”, but this duplicate was not mentioned in the protologue., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrabé, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on pages 297-298, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

65. Eumachia leptothyrsa (Miq.) Barrab��, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. �� Psychotria leptothyrsa Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. LugdunoBatavi 4: 208. 1869. Lectotypus (designated by SOHMER, 1988: 157): INDONESIA. Prov. Moluccas: Ceram, 1859-1860, de Vriese & Teijsmann s.n. (L [L0281705] image seen). Note. ��� This species occurs from Malesia to the Western Pacific (SOHMER, 1988)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 311, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["SOHMER, S. H. (1988). The nonclimbing species of the genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 1."]}

65d. Eumachia leptothyrsa var. longicarpa (Valeton) Barrabé, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria leptothyrsa var. longicarpa Valeton in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 315. 1930. Lectotypus (designated by FOSBERG, 1991: 259): MICRONESIA. Caroline Islands: Palau, Korror [Koror], 10-100 m, II.1914, Ledermann 14230 (B [B100295926] image seen). Notes. – This variety is found on Palau in the Caroline Islands (FOSBERG, 1991).

26. Eumachia cephalantha (Müll. Arg.) Delprete & J.H. Kirkbr. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 77. 2015. Ξ Mapouria cephalantha Müll. Arg. in Flora 59: 495, 497. 1876. Ξ Uragoga cephalantha (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 959. 1891. Ξ Psychotria cephalantha (Müll. Arg.) Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 235. 1936. Ξ Margaritopsis cephalantha (Müll. Arg.) C.M. Taylor in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 75: 171. 2005. Lectotypus (designated by ANDERSSON 1992: 138): BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: prope Lagoa Santa, s.d., Warming s.n. (C; isolecto-: G [G00300254]!, F-667820 image seen, P [P02285215] image seen). Notes. – This is the most widely distributed Neotropical species of Eumachia. It is found in Amazonian Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia, and outside Amazonia in eastern Brazil and perhaps also Paraguay (TAYLOR, 2005). See TAYLOR (2005) and DELPRETE & KIRKBRIDE (2015) for synonymy.

12b. Eumachia obovoidea (Verdc.) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor subsp. obovoidea Note. ��� This subspecies is found in Democratic Republic of Congo (VERDCOURT, 1977)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

37. Eumachia inconspicua (C.M. Taylor) C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. �� Margaritopsis inconspicua C.M. Taylor in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 75: 173. 2005. Typus: PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata Wildlife Reserve, 30 km S Puerto Maldonado, 12��15���S, 69��17���W, 260 m, 13.XI.1984, Young & Stratton 176 (holo-: MO-3609415!). Note. ��� This species is found in Amazonian Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. Its known range has been extended since its description, and it is not uncommonly collected in Brazil (C.M. Taylor, pers. obs., INPA)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 305, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990

2a. Eumachia coffeosperma (K. Schum.) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor subsp. coffeosperma Note. ��� This subspecies is found in Cameroon., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 295, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990

69. Eumachia merrilliana (Sohmer) Barrab��, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. �� Psychotria trichostoma var. macrophylla Merr. & L.M. Perry in J. Arnold Arbor. 27: 214. 1946. �� Psychotria merrilliana Sohmer in Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 1: 188. 1988 [nom. nov.] [non P. macrophylla Ruiz & Pav.]. Lectotypus (designated by SOHMER, 1988: 188): SOLOMON ISLANDS. Prov. North Solomons: Bougainville, Marmarromino, 50 m, 30.IX.1930, Kajewski 2203 (A [A00095396] image seen; isolecto-: A [A00095397] image seen, BRI [BRI-0AQ0318270] image seen). Note. ��� This species is endemic to the Solomon Islands (SOHMER, 1988)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 312, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["SOHMER, S. H. (1988). The nonclimbing species of the genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 1."]}

13. Eumachia oddonii (De Wild.) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria oddonii De Wild., Etudes Fl. Bas-MoyenCongo 2: 187. 1907. Ξ Chazaliella oddonii (De Wild.) E.M.A. Petit & Verdc. in Kew Bull. 30: 269. 1975. Ξ Margaritopsis oddonii (De Wild.) Razafim. & B. Bremer in Amer. J. Bot. 101: 1118. 2014. Syntypi: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Zaïre, Sanda, IV.1903, Oddon in Gillet 3001 (BR [BR0000008482907] image seen); ibid. loc., s.d., Oddon in Gillet 3746 (BR, not found). Notes. – This species is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, and Democratic Republic of Congo. The type material of this name was cited by VERDCOURT (1977: 799) as two collections deposited at BR. One collection, Oddon in Gillet 3746, has not been seen so this name cannot be further typified here. Verdcourt considered Eumachia poggei to be of somewhat unclear identity, but similar to or perhaps not distinct from E. oddonii., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrabé, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 298, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

65e. Eumachia leptothyrsa var. multifurca (Valeton) Barrabé, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria multifurca Valeton in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 90. 1927. Ξ Psychotria leptothyrsa var. multifurca (Valeton) Sohmer in Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 1: 165. 1988. Lectotypus (designated by SOHMER, 1988: 165): PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Sepik area, Lordberg, s.d., Ledermann 10143(L [L0001174] image seen). Note. – This variety occurs in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands (SOHMER, 1988).

13c. Eumachia oddonii (De Wild.) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor var. oddonii Note. ��� This variety is found in Republic of Congo and widely across Democratic Republic of Congo (VERDCOURT, 1977)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

15. Eumachia poggei (K. Schum.) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria poggei K. Schum. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 97. 1909. Ξ Chazaliella poggei (K. Schum.) E.M.A. Petit & Verdc. in Kew Bull. 30: 269. 1975. Ξ Margaritopsis poggei (K. Schum.) Razafim. & B. Bremer in Amer. J. Bot. 101: 1118. 2014. Syntypi: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: near Mukenge, s.d., Pogge 1039 (B †); ibid. loc., Pogge 1095 (B †); ibid. loc., Pogge 1251 (B †). Notes. – This species was described from Democratic Republic of Congo, and VERDCOURT (1977) considered it poorly known. He noted that it is apparently similar to Eumachia oddonii, and may even be the same in which case the name E. poggei has priority over E. oddonii. Both of these names are provisionally accepted here following VERDCOURT. Psychotria poggei was described based on several syntypes that were deposited at B and have since been destroyed. No duplicates of these have so far been located, so further study is needed before the typification and identity of this name can be resolved., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrabé, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

39. Eumachia lanceifolia (Urb.) C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. �� Margaritopsis lanceifolia Urb. in Ark. Bot. 22: 98. 1929. Lectotypus (designated here): HAITI. Dept. Sud: Massif de la Hotte, Groupe Morne Rochelais, 31.X.1927, Ekman 9201 (S [S-R-3424]!; isolecto-: S [S05-1513]!). Notes. ��� This species is found in Haiti (LIOGIER, 1995). The holotype specimen deposited at B, where Urban worked, has been destroyed. Two duplicates of the type collection are deposited in Ekman���s main collection at S, and the sheet with more material on it is here designated as the lectotype., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 306, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["LIOGIER, H. A. (1995). Familia 198. Rubiaceae. In: LIOGIOER, H. A. (ed.), La Flora de la Espanola 7: 207 - 439. Universidad Central del Este vol. 71, Serie Cientifica 28. San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic."]}

59. Eumachia galorei (Sohmer) Barrabé, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria galorei Sohmer in Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 1: 109. 1988. Typus: PAPUA NEW GUINEA [BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO]. Prov. West New Britain: Wariai sub-district, near Benim Village, upper Pulie River, 161 m, 23.III.1966, Henty & Frodin NGF 27349 (holo-: LAE; iso-: BRI [BRI- AQ0150391] image seen, L [L0057547] image seen). Note. – This species occurs from the Bismarck Archipelago to Papua New Guinea (SOHMER, 1988).

77. Eumachia samoana (K. Schum.) Barrabé, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria samoana K. Schum. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 685. 1898. Lectotypus (designated by WHISTLER, 1986: 347): SAMOA. Savaii: Aopo, IX.1894, Reinecke 418 (BISH [BISH1004683] image seen; isolecto-: G [G00356152] image seen). Note. – This species is endemic to Savaii and Upolu in Samoa (WHISTLER, 1986).

22. Eumachia agustinae (Acu��a) C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. �� Psychotria agustinae Acu��a in Brittonia 14: 225. 1962. �� Margaritopsis agustinae (Acu��a) C.M. Taylor in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 75: 168. 2005. Typus: CUBA: Oriente, prope Cayo de la Sabina, Sierra de Nipe, 17.VII.1960, Acu��a E.E.A. 21379 (holo-: SV; iso-: LS). Note. ��� This species is found in eastern Cuba (LIOGIER, 1963)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 301, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["LIOGIER, H. A. (1963). Familia 1. Rubiaceae. Flora de Cuba 5: 13 - 146. Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico."]}

13b. Eumachia oddonii var. grandifolia (Verdc.) C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. �� Chazaliella oddonii var. grandifolia Verdc. in Kew Bull. 31: 803. 1977. Typus: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Za��re, Yangamb��, plateau de la Lusambila, 16.VII.1938, Louis 10381 (holo-: BR [BR0000008828521] image seen). Notes. ��� This variety is found in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (VERDCOURT, 1977). VERDCOURT (1977: 792, Map 1) mapped the other two varieties of Eumachia oddonii but not this one., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

41. Eumachia nana (K. Krause) Delprete & J.H. Kirkbr. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 78. 2015. Ξ Psychotria nana K. Krause in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50: 109. 1908. Ξ Margaritopsis nana (K. Krause) C.M. Taylor in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 75: 175. 2005. Lectotypus (designated by DELPRETE & KIRKBRIDE, 2015: 78): BRAZIL. Amazonas [Acre]: Rio Juruá superioris, am Juruá Miry [Juruá-Mirim], VIII.1901, Ule 5670 (K [K000173644] image seen; isolecto-: F-895487!, G [G00300185]!, L [L0058073]). Notes. – This species is found in Amazonian Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (TAYLOR, 2005; DELPRETE & KIRKBRIDE, 2015). See TAYLOR (2005) and DELPRETE & KIRKBRIDE (2015) for synonymy. The type locality was reported by Ule as Amazonas in Brazil, but the Rio JuruáMirim is actually in today’s Brazilian state of Acre and at the time Ule was there, Acre was still part of Bolivia. The holotype was deposited at B and has been destroyed (photo F neg. #467).

23. Eumachia albert-smithii (Standl.) Delprete & J.H. Kirkbr. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 76. 2015. Ξ Psychotria albert-smithii Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 203. 1930. Ξ Margaritopsis albert-smithii (Standl.) C.M. Taylor in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 75: 169. 2005. Typus: PERU. Loreto: Soledad on Río Itaya, 110 m, 20-22.IX.1929, Killip & Smith 29766 (holo-: F-607482!; iso-: G [G00300217]!, NY [NY00132588] image seen, US-1463026). Notes. – This species is found in Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia and also is disjunct in Suriname (TAYLOR, 2005). DELPRETE & KIRKBRIDE (2015) reported that this species is “widespread in South America”, but it may be restricted to the western Amazon basin. The Suriname plants are only known in immature fruit, and are included in this species provisionally. These have smaller inflorescences as well as a markedly disjunct distribution, and probably deserve re-evaluation as to their species identity.

46. Eumachia triflora (Urb.) C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. �� Margaritopsis triflora Urb. in Ark. Bot. 17(7): 59. 1921. Lectotypus (designated here): HAITI. Dept. Sud: Morne de la Hotte, 11.V.1917, Ekman 154 (S [S-R-3425]!; isolecto-: GH [GH00096406] image seen, S [S05-1514]!). Notes. ��� This species is found in Haiti (LIOGIER, 1995). The holotype specimen of Margaritopsis triflora at B, where Urban worked, has been destroyed. Two duplicates of the type collection are deposited in Ekman���s main herbarium at S, and one of these has several mature flowers and is here designated the lectotype., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 307, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["LIOGIER, H. A. (1995). Familia 198. Rubiaceae. In: LIOGIOER, H. A. (ed.), La Flora de la Espanola 7: 207 - 439. Universidad Central del Este vol. 71, Serie Cientifica 28. San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic."]}

10. Eumachia macrocarpa (Verdc.) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. �� Chazaliella macrocarpa Verdc. in Kew Bull. 31: 794. 1977. �� Margaritopsis macrocarpa (Verdc.) Razafim. & B. Bremer in Amer. J. Bot. 101: 1117. 2014. Typus: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Za��re, Yangamb��, �� 5 km au N du fleuve, 470 m, 9.III.1937, Louis 3463 (holo-: BR [BR0000008416094] image seen; iso-: BR [BR0000008827883] image seen, K [K000412369] image seen, P [P00551374] image seen). Notes. ��� This species is found in Gabon and Democratic Republic of Congo (VERDCOURT, 1977). It was illustrated by VERDCOURT (1977: 795, fig. 2). Two specimens of the type of Chazaliella macrocarpa Verdc. are deposited at BR, one with a label and an annotation by VERDCOURT with this name, an another with no label, no annotation with any name, a barcode number that indicates it was accessioned separately and later than the first specimen, and no indication that it was studied by Verdcourt, who routinely annotated the specimens he saw. Therefore the specimen annotated by Verdcourt appears to be the holotype, and the other specimen at BR an isotype., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

1b. Eumachia abrupta var. parvifolia (Verdc.) C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. �� Chazaliella abrupta var. parvifolia Verdc. in Kew Bull. 30: 268. 1975. Typus: KENYA. Kilifi Distr. [Kilifi County]: Arabuko, Malindi District, III.1930, Graham 2339 (holo-: K [K000318634] image seen; iso-: EA [EA000001777, EA000001778, EA000001779] images seen). Notes. ��� This variety was reported by VERDCOURT (1976) as found in Kenya but later (VERDCOURT, 1977, 1989) was reported also from Mozambique. The type locality was cited in the protoloque as Kilifi District, while the locality on the original labels is given as Malindi District; political redistricting in Kenya has placed the collection locality, Arabuko, variously in both of these districts at different times (R. Gereau, pers. comm.)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 295, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1975). Studies in the Rubiaceae-Rubioideae for the ' Flora of Tropical East Africa': 1. Kew Bull. 30: 247 - 327.","Verdcourt, B. (1976). Rubiaceae (part 1). In: TURRILL, W. B. & R. M. POLHILL (ed.) Fl. Trop. E. Africa.","VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818.","VERDCOURT, B. (1989). 94. Rubiaceae. In: LAUNERT, E. (ed.), Fl. Zambesiaca 5 (1)."]}

67. Eumachia membranacea (Gillespie) Delprete & J.H. Kirkbr. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 76. 2015. Ξ Readea membranacea Gillespie in Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 74: 35. 1930. Ξ Margaritopsis membranacea (Gillespie) L. Andersson in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 72: 230. 2002. Typus: FIJI. Taveuni: vicin. Waiyevo, 200 m, 20.II.1928, Gillespie 4622 (holo-: BISH [BISH1004741] image seen; iso-: BISH [BISH1004740, BISH1004742] images seen, K [K000761856]!, NY [NY00133120, NY00133121] images seen, US-1454955 image seen). Note. – This species is found on Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Taveuni in Fiji (SMITH & DARWIN, 1988).

6b. Eumachia insidens subsp. liberica (Verdc.) C. M. Taylor, comb. nov. �� Chazaliella insidens subsp. liberica Verdc. in Kew Bull. 31: 797. 1977. Typus: LIBERIA: Cavalla Plantation, Las Palmas, 16 m, 22.X.1956, Hale 47 (holo-: K [K000042914] image seen). Note. ��� This subspecies is found in Liberia (VERDCOURT, 1977)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 296, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

72. Eumachia oleoides (Baill.) Barrabé, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. (Fig. 1G). Ξ Uragoga oleoides Baill. in Adansonia 12: 252. 1879. Ξ Psychotria oleoides (Baill.) Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 262. 1906. Ξ Margaritopsis oleoides (Baill.) Barrabé & Mouly in Adansonia ser. 3, 35: 290. 2013. Lectotypus (designated by BARRABÉ et al., 2013: 290): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: entre Ounia [Unia] et la plaine des Lacs, 8.XII.1870, Balansa 2991 (P [P00633579]!; isolecto-: P [P00633577, P00633578]!). Note. – This species is endemic to New Caledonia (BARRABÉ et al., 2013).

18. Eumachia sciadephora (Hiern) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria sciadephora Hiern in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 202. 1877. Ξ Chazaliella sciadephora (Hiern) E.M.A. Petit & Verdc. in Kew Bull. 30: 270. 1975. Ξ Margaritopsis sciadephora (Hiern) Razafim. & B. Bremer in Amer. J. Bot. 101: 1118. 2014. Lectotypus (designated by Razafimandimbison & Bremer in RAZAFIMANDIMBISON et al., 2014: 1118): CAMEROON: Mt. Cameroon, 1290 m, II.1862, Mann 1192 (K [K000412372] image seen; isolecto-: BR). Syntypus: CAMEROON: Ambas Bay, I.1861, Mann 729 (K [K000412371] image seen, P [P04004131] image seen). Note. – This species is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon (VERDCOURT, 1977)., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrabé, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on pages 299-300, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["RAZAFIMANDIMBISON, S. G., C. M. TAYLOR, N. WIKSTROM, T. PAIL- LER, A. KHODABANDEH & B. BREMER (2014). Phylogeny and generic limits in the sister tribes Psychotrieae and Palicoureeae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of schizocarps in Psychotria and origins of bacterial leaf nodules in the Malagasy species. Amer. J. Bot. 101: 1102 - 1126."]}

42. Eumachia nutans (Sw.) C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria nutans Sw., Prodr. 43. 1788. Ξ Uragoga nutans (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 961. 1891. Ξ Margaritopsis nutans (Sw.) C.M. Taylor in Syst. Geogr. Pl. 75: 169. 2005. Typus: HAÏTI / DOMINICAN REPUBLIC : Hispaniola, sine loc., s.d., Swartz s.n. (holo-: S [S-R-5327]!). Note. – This species is found in Cuba and Hispaniola (LIOGIER, 1963, 1995). See TAYLOR (2005) for synonymy.

11. Eumachia obanensis (Wernham) Razafim. & C.M. Taylor, comb. nov. �� Psychotria obanensis Wernham, Cat. Pl. Oban. 53. 1913. �� Chazaliella obanensis (Wernham) E.M.A. Petit & Verdc. in Kew Bull. 30: 269. 1975. �� Margaritopsis obanensis (Wernham) Razafim. & B. Bremer in Amer. J. Bot. 101: 1118. 2014. Typus: NIGERIA: Oban, 1911, Talbot 244 (holo-: BM [BM000903548] image seen; iso-: K [K000412373] image seen). Notes. ��� This species is found in Nigeria (VERDCOURT, 1977). The type collection of Psychotria obanensis has two duplicates, both of them deposited in institutions where Wernham apparently worked. The specimen at BM, where Wernham���s types are assumed to be deposited (Stafleu & Cowan, 1988) has a typewritten or printed label that identifies it as Talbot 244 from ���Oban, S. Nigeria, 1911���, and another typewritten label that identifies this as the type of P. obanensis with the place of publication of this name. The specimen at K has a label in Wernham���s handwriting with the locality and collector data and the name P. obanensis. The specimen of Talbot 244 at BM is in much better condition than the one at K. VERDCOURT (1977: 798) formally cited the BM specimen as the holotype and the K specimen as an isotype, and is followed here., Published as part of Taylor, Charlotte M., Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Barrab��, Laure, Jardim, Jomar G. & Barbosa, Maria Regina V., 2017, Eumachia expanded, a pantropical genus distinct from Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), pp. 289-318 in Candollea 72 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.15553/c2017v722a6, http://zenodo.org/record/5721990, {"references":["VERDCOURT, B. (1977). A synopsis of the genus Chazaliella (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae). Kew Bull. 31: 785 - 818."]}

65b. Eumachia leptothyrsa (Miq.) Barrabé, C.M. Taylor & Razafim. var. leptothyrsa Note. – This variety is found in Papua New Guinea and on New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago (SOHMER, 1988).

71. Eumachia novohiberiensis (Sohmer) Barrabé, C.M. Taylor & Razafim., comb. nov. Ξ Psychotria novohiberiensis Sohmer in Bishop Mus. Bull. Bot. 1: 219. 1988. Typus: P APUA NEW GUINEA [BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO]. Prov. New Ireland: Kavieng sub-district, near Lemusmus, 2°50’S, 151°12’E, 9.IX.1969, Coode NGF 40493 (holo-: LAE; iso-: BISH, BRI [BRI-AQ0129455] image seen, CANB [CANB207303] image seen, K [K000777360] image seen, L [L0001205], LAE). Note. – This species is found in the Bismarck Archipelago (SOHMER, 1988).