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Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Methods: Mixing MWCNT into the polymer at very small propositions can enrich the mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposites. Testing Specimen fabricated with 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt% mixing ratios using extrusion and injection molding process. Computational analysis was performed through the square RVE model and analyzed with finite element analysis (FEA) using DIGIMAT simulation tool. The specimen was evaluated by ASTM D3039 for tensile strength and ASTM D7264 for flexural. Results: The simulated results were compared with experimental results. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was performed to evaluate the dispersion state of nanotubes in the matrix. Conclusion: The impactful improvement in mechanical properties is shown in the results after addition of functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNT) compared to pure polymer and non- functionalized MWCNT composites.

Objective: To Compare the safety and efficacy between intravenous iron sucrose and ferric carboxy maltose in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Methodology: A Prospective study was conducted on 100 antenatal women with iron deficiency anemia in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care center in northern India from June 2021 to May 2022. Results: The mean age in group A (Iron Sucrose group) was 25+ 2.83 years and in group B (FCM group) was 24.08+4.45 years. In group A (IS group) the average increase in Hb level was about 1.24 ± 0.29 gm/dl at 3 weeks and 2.62 ± 0.2 gm/dl at 6 weeks. In group B (FCM group) the average increase was about 1.74 ± 0.42 gm/dl at 3 weeks and 4.15 ± 1.94 gm/dl at 6 weeks. In IS group the average increase in ferritin was about 18.83 ± 18.18 ng/dl at 3 weeks and 43.54 ± 31.71 ng/dl at 6 weeks. In FCM group the average increase was about 34 ± 19.83 ng/dl at 3 weeks and 96.62 ± 50.7 ng/dl at 6 weeks. P value at both time periods was 0.0001, which is highly significant. 43 patients (86%) in Group B as compared to 19 patients (38%) in group A showed improvement in anaemia in PBS findings over 3 week and 6 week period, which was statistically significant with a P value of 0.024. In Group A (IS group ) only two patients complained of diarrhoea, two complained of headache, 1 patient complained of nausea ,vomiting, one complained of nausea only, In Group B (FCM group) total 3 patients (6%) complained of minor reactions like nausea, vomiting and itching. There were mild side effects only in both the groups. Conclusion: Intravenous FCM is more efficient and better alternative than iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Key Words: IDA, FCM, IS, Ferritin, Haemoglobin.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether thoracic 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) could improve the identification of patients at the highest risk of ischemic stroke. Background: Aortic atherosclerosis represents an important contributor to ischemic stroke risk. Identifying patients with high-risk aortic atheroma could improve preventative treatment strategies for future ischemic stroke. Methods: In a post hoc observational cohort study, we quantified thoracic aortic and coronary 18F-sodium fluoride activity in 461 patients with stable cardiovascular disease undergoing PET combined with computed tomography (CT). Progression of atherosclerosis was assessed by change in aortic and coronary CT calcium volume. Clinical outcomes were determined by the occurrence of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. We compared the prognostic utility of 18F-sodium fluoride activity for predicting stroke to clinical risk scores and CT calcium quantification using survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression. Results: After 12.7 ± 2.7 months, progression of thoracic aortic calcium volume correlated with baseline thoracic aortic 18F-sodium fluoride activity (n = 140; r = 0.31; P = 0.00016). In 461 patients, 23 (5%) patients experienced an ischemic stroke and 32 (7%) a myocardial infarction after 6.1 ± 2.3 years of follow-up. High thoracic aortic 18F-sodium fluoride activity was strongly associated with ischemic stroke (HR: 10.3 [3.1 to 34.8]; P = 0.00017), but not myocardial infarction (P = 0.40). Conversely, high coronary 18F-sodium fluoride activity was associated with myocardial infarction (HR: 4.8 [1.9 to 12.2]; P = 0.00095) but not ischemic stroke (P = 0.39). In a multivariable Cox regression model including imaging and clinical risk factors, thoracic aortic 18F-sodium fluoride activity was the only variable associated with ischemic stroke (HR: 8.19 (2.33 to 28.7), P = 0.0010). Conclusions: In patients with established cardiovascular disease, thoracic aortic 18F-sodium fluoride activity is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and future ischemic stroke. Arterial 18F-sodium fluoride activity identifies localized areas of atherosclerotic disease activity that are directly linked to disease progression and downstream regional clinical atherothrombotic events. (DIAMOND - Dual Antiplatelet Therapy to Reduce Myocardial Injury [DIAMOND], NCT02110303; Study Investigating the Effect of Drugs Used to Treat Osteoporosis on the Progression of Calcific Aortic Stenosis [SALTIRE II], NCT02132026; Novel Imaging Approaches To Identify Unstable Coronary Plaques, NCT01749254; and Role of Active Valvular Calcification and Inflammation in Patients With Aortic Stenosis, NCT01358513).

In this article we present sufficient conditions that ensures that normalized Wright functions belong to certain subclasses of analytic univalent functions with negative coefficients in the unit disc 𝒰 {\mathcal{U}} . We also provide some geometric properties of integral transforms involving normalized Wright functions.

About one hundred magnets of six different types shall be installed in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in the years 2026-2028 at CERN. The magnets design, construction and test are based on CERN collaborations with institutes and industrial partners in USA, Spain, Italy, Japan and China. Three types of correctors are based on Nb‒Ti technology and feature conductor peak fields in the 2 to 4 T range: for all of them the prototype phase has been successfully completed. The production is well advanced for the superferric correctors, and is starting for the canted cosine theta correctors and for the nested correctors. The separation and recombination Nb‒Ti dipoles D1 and D2, with a 4.5-6 T bore field range, are both in the prototype phase after the completion of the short model program. The most challenging magnet, the Nb3Sn quadrupole with conductor peak field above 11 T, is in the prototype phase at CERN and halfway through the production phase in the USA. In this paper we will give, for each type of magnet, an overview of the main achievements obtained so far and we will outline the technical points still needing validation from the prototype program.

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the phytochemical composition of essential oils (EO) from rhizomes of Acorus calamus collected from Jorhat, Assam; Munsyari and Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. EOs were studied for different pesticidal activities viz; nematicidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal activity. To study the synergistic effect of EOs on pesticidal activity, four combinations of EOs were prepared. Phenylpropanoids with β-asarone as the main compound were identified in all collections with varying percentages. Its contribution was found to be 85.8% in Munsyari EOs followed by 74.3% in Pantnagar and 62.6% in Assam collections. All EOs exhibited dose-dependent in vitro nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita in terms of immobility and inhibition of egg hatching. The activity was observed as maximum in the EO combination of all three collections (1:1:1) whereas minimum in the Assam collections. In insecticidal activity against Lipaphis erysimi and Selepa celtis, maximum mortality was observed in Munsyari collections. The oils were assessed for sprout inhibition activity in terms of seed germination inhibition, coleoptile growth of the shoot and root against Raphanus raphanistrum. Maximum seed germination inhibition, % shoot, and root growth inhibition were found in all collections EO combinations. To predict the possible mode of action and the structure-activity relationship between major compounds of EOs and biological activities, in silico molecular docking and ADME/Tox studies were performed. The docking results revealed the mode of action of proteins of insects, nematodes, and weeds and were found in support of in vitro experiments. The study may be helpful for the development of herbal-based pesticides after proper clinical trials.

Nowadays resistance to antibiotics of β-lactam groups is expanding rapidly and is one of the latest challenges faced by scientific community due to therapeutic failure. In the present study total 180 milk samples were collected from two district of Gangetic Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh (India). Total 65 (36.11%) isolates were confirmed comprising 44 (24.4%) E. coli and 21 (11.67%) Klebsiella spp. by PCR analysis using uidA gene and 16S rRNA gene respectively, 35/180 (19.44%) isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers, constituting 12 (6.67%) E. coli and 23 (12.8%) Klebsiella spp. All ESBL positive isolates were subjected to antimicrobial resistance pattern using 17 antibiotics of 10 different classes. In this study all the isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were found 100% resistant to cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftriazone and ampicillin. Both the isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. revealed different susceptibility pattern to different non-β-lactam antibiotics except aminoglycosides class of antibiotics for which both the isolates were found 100% sensitive. The multi-drug resistance pattern was assessed by using MAR index. Out of total ESBL producers, 80.0% isolates were found MDR with 78.0% E. coli and 83.0% Klebsiella spp. Overall 12 resistance pattern were observed for E. coli ranging from 5 to 12 antibiotics and 09 for Klebsiella spp. ranging from 5 to 14 antibiotics. Plasmid profiling revealed total 71.42% isolates carrying plasmids with average molecular weight ranged between 1.0 Kb to > 10 Kb and number1-4.

Background: Current study was conducted to compare the efficacy of tab Misoprostol 50 microgram by oral and sublingual routes for induction of labour. Methods: A randomised comparative study of induction of labour in 200 cases of pregnant women at term and were divided into two groups of 100 each for 50 µg Misoprostol for oral and sublingual route repeated 4 hourly either by sublingual or oral route until an adequate contraction pattern set in (establishment of 3 uterine contractions in a period of 10 minutes) or once the cervical dilatation reaches 4 cm, maximum up to 6 doses. The patients were monitored for maternal vital signs, progress of labour and foetal heart rate. Results: In this study, 86% women delivered vaginally with sublingual misoprostol while 76% were delivered vaginally with oral administration. In the present study, no significant maternal side effects were noted in either group. 4% cases of neonates in sublingual group and 6% cases of neonates in oral group required NICU admission. No still birth or neonatal deaths were seen. Conclusions: Our study shows that sublingual Misoprostol has better efficacy, shorter induction to delivery interval, requirement of fewer doses of misoprostol when compared to oral route.

Aim: To assess the impact on 30-day mortality with ulinastatin (ULI) used as add-on to standard of care (SOC) compared to SOC alone in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and methods: In this multicentric, retrospective study, we collected data on clinical, laboratory, and outcome parameters in patients with COVID-19. Thirty-day mortality outcome was compared among patients treated with SOC alone and ULI used as add-on to SOC. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined to identify the predictors of 30-day mortality. Results: Ninety-four patients were identified and enrolled in both groups with comparable baseline parameters. On univariate analysis, 30-day mortality was significantly lower in ULI plus SOC group than SOC alone group (36.2 vs 51.1%, OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30–0.97, p = 0.040). The effect on mortality was more pronounced in patients who did not require intubation (10.9 vs 34.0%, OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.66, p = 0.006) and with early administration (within 72 hours of admission) of ULI (30.7 vs 57.9%, OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.91, p = 0.032). On multivariate analysis, only intubation predicted mortality (adjusted OR 10.13, 95% CI 3.77–27.25, p

Moisture-electric generators (MEGs), harvesting ubiquitous moisture from the environment for electricity generation, have attracted great interest as power supply devices. However, there are great challenges associated with material availability, fabrication accessibility and operation environment, which are key factors to achieve high output with low cost for practical applications, and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of interactions between MEGs and water is urgently required. Here, a whey protein available in supermarkets is used to fabricate low-cost MEGs with controllable performance through tuning surface charges and hydrophilicity, which provides new insights into the electricity generation mechanism and large-scale application. The MEGs exhibit the highest voltage output of 1.45 V at a room humidity level of 40% relative humidity. The whey protein films possess the merits of low cost (70 times cheaper than commonly used polymers), being flexible and semi-transparent, and having self-healing ability, presenting excellent comprehensive device performance. Besides, MEGs can operate well at extreme temperatures (-20 degrees C or 50 degrees C) and power a location tracker in a desert with 26% relative humidity. The modified functional layers with selective ion absorption and controllable outputs provided a deeper understanding of electricity generation in MEGs and demonstrated great potential in powering a wide range of electronic devices in various dynamic environments with high sustainability and reliability. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

High-quality Indo-Mediterranean foods are characterised with unrefined, unprocessed foods, whole grains such as dry millets and beans and porridge. Vegetables such as leaves and gourds, nuts and fruits such as apples, grapes, papaya, guava, etc are major components of this diet. It seems that healthy vegetable oils such as olive, mustard, rape seed oil and protein sources that are beneficial; beans, pulses, cottage cheese are crucial in this diet. Among animal sources, white meats; such as sea foods should also be part of this diet. Vegetables and spices with medicinal properties; gourds, turmeric, fenugreek, coriander and cumin may also be called high quality nutraceutical foods, respectively. There is a need to find out traditional foods from all other countries which may be protective and healthy. There is evidence that calories have tremendous role in weight gain and weight loss. It seems that emphasis on food quality is crucial for prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation in the adipocytes, which predispose obesity and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes. There are gaps in knowledge about the qualities of traditional foods, which prompt authors to present this communication.

Introduction Lung ultrasound when used in isolation, usually misses out metabolic causes of dyspnoea and differentiating acute exacerbation of COPD from pneumonia and pulmonary embolism is difficult, hence we thought of combining critical care ultrasonography (CCUS) with arterial blood gas analysis (ABG). Aim of the study The objective of this study was to estimate accuracy of Critical Care Ultrasonography (CCUS) plus Arterial blood gas (ABG) based algorithm in diagnosing aetiology of dyspnoea. Accuracy of traditional Chest X-ray (CxR) based algorithm was also validated in the following setting. Methods It was a facility based comparative study, where 174 dyspneic patients were subjected to CCUS plus ABG and CxR based algorithms on admission to ICU. The patients were classified into one of five pathophysiological diagnosis 1) Alveolar( Lung-pneumonia)disorder ; 2) Alveolar (Cardiac-pulmonary edema) disorder; 3) Ventilation with Alveolar defect (COPD) disorder ;4) Perfusion disorder; and 5) Metabolic disorder. We calculated diagnostic test properties of CCUS plus ABG and CXR based algorithm in relation to composite diagnosis and correlated these algorithms for each of the defined pathophysiological diagnosis. Results The sensitivity of CCUS and ABG based algorithm was 0.85 (95% CI-75.03-92.03) for alveolar (lung) ; 0.94 (95% CI-85.15-98.13) for alveolar (cardiac); 0.83 (95% CI-60.78-94.16) for ventilation with alveolar defect; 0.66 (95% CI-30-90.32) for perfusion defect; 0.63 (95% CI-45.25-77.07) for metabolic disorders.Cohn’s kappa correlation coefficient of CCUS plus ABG based algorithm in relation to composite diagnosis was 0.7 for alveolar (lung), 0.85 for alveolar (cardiac), 0.78 for ventilation with alveolar defect, 0.79 for perfusion defect and 0.69 for metabolic disorders. Conclusion CCUS plus ABG algorithm is highly sensitive and it’s agreement with composite diagnosis is far superior. It is a first of it’s kind study, where authors have attempted combining two point of care tests and creating an algorithmic approach for timely diagnosis and intervention.

Objective: The present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension-loaded transdermal patches of poorly soluble antilipidemic drug (rosuvastatin) Methods: Dissolution characteristics of drug was improved by preparation of nanosuspension employing precipitation–ultrasonication technique using a different blend of water-soluble film forming polymers such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M), Eudragit and were further characterized by fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Malvern zetasizer and SEM. Propylene glycol and tween 80 were used as stabilizers. Based on the particle size of the formulation, the best one of NS4 was selected and fabricated into the transdermal patch by solvent casting method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like drug excipient compatibility, appearance, morphology, thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, % elongation, % moisture content, % moisture uptake, % drug content, in-vitro drug permeation, and stability studies were performed for the optimized formula according to the ICH Q1A (R2) guideline under 4°C and 25°C RH for three months. Results: Amongst all formulation, P4 transdermal patches were considered the optimized formulation. It has the highest in-vitro drug permeation (86.01±0.05%), thickness (0.86±0.09), weight uniformity (475.0±8.60 mg), folding endurance (279.3±9.39), moisture uptake (7.06±1.75%), moisture content (6.81±2.34 %) and stable formula Conclusion: Therefore, transdermal patches were considered to be potentially suitable for the sustained release of drugs to improve patient compliance.

Abstract: Oxadiazole is a five-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring having two nitrogen and one oxygen atom. Various isomeric forms have been reported for oxadiazole, such as 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, etc. Currently, a considerable population worldwide is facing several mental problems due to a competitive lifestyle. The present status of available medicines do not promise complete cure without any adverse effects. Therefore, these disorders are continuously challenging the researchers to come up with new molecules with superior efficacy and minimum side effects. All the isomeric forms of oxadiazole have numerous potential in treating various mental problems such as Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, and epileptic disorders. In this review article, we summarize several recently reported synthetic strategies for preparing different oxadiazole and its derivatives which were found effective in psychological disorders. The researchers will be able to obtain the necessary information (synthesis strategies) through this article for their future research on new molecules containing the oxadiazole moiety. Furthermore, this review article will help the researchers in the fight against mental disorders and highlights possible molecules for the treatment of mentally challenged people.

A major reason for compromised audio quality with a coil-type loudspeaker is its complex impedance profile, which disturbs the intended algebraic linearity or linear phase behavior between the amplifier input and speaker driving force. Though switch-mode amplifiers are increasingly preferred in such audio systems owing to their superior energy efficiency, their inherent non-linearity and finite internal impedance further degrade audio reproduction. This paper investigates the effect of stated impedance on the loudspeaker driving current, hence on the loudspeaker driving force, and proposes a Hybrid controller-amplifier to enhance the proportionality between the audio reference and driving force without compromising on loudspeaker damping. The Hybrid amplifier combines a sliding mode controlled amplifier (SMCA) and a linear controller, designed after exhaustive modeling of the input-output behavior of the SMCA and best-fit approximation of the loudspeaker impedance. An 8 W, 500 Hz to 20 kHz prototype of the proposed amplifier is fabricated on the basis of the presented design. Time and frequency-domain results obtained with the experimental hardware are presented to validate the performance improvement.

Pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis has a worse prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma. This study sought to determine the predictors of PLN metastasis in penile SCC.This retrospective study included primary penile resections with inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) and PLN dissections over 10 years (2007-2017). A subset of treatment naïve cases with PLN metastasis was matched for age and tumor size with another subset of cases having metastatic ILN and negative PLN. The variables were correlated with the PLN metastasis using appropriate statistical tests. Internal validation of the multivariate model was conducted by using 2000 bootstraps on the same cohort. The optimum cut-off for the number of positive ILN was obtained by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve and using the highest Youden's index as a discriminator.A total of 56 cases (28 in each subset) formed the study cohort. On unadjusted analysis the size of the largest ILN (p=0.038), number of positive ILN (p=0.001), percentage of positive ILN (p=0.001), and laterality of ILN involvement (p=0.007) had a significant correlation with PLN metastasis. On adjusted analysis, the number of positive ILN (p=0.011) was the only statistically significant variable. Bootstrapping results indicated that this multivariate model represented the dataset adequately. The maximum Youden's index was obtained when ≥5 ILN were positive.The number of metastatic ILN is the most important predictor of PLN metastasis. A higher threshold of metastatic ILN for addressing PLN dissection can be investigated, particularly in a high disease burden setup.

Nadofaragene firadenovec is a gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing FDA review. Pembrolizumab is approved for treating BCG-unresponsive NMIBC patients with carcinoma in-situ (CIS). We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of these treatments compared with a hypothetical therapeutic alternative, at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, in CIS and non-CIS BCG-unresponsive NMIBC populations.We developed a Markov cohort simulation model with a three-month cycle length and lifetime horizon to estimate total costs, QALYs and cost per additional QALY from the health sector perspective. Clinical inputs were informed by results of single-arm clinical trials evaluating the treatments and systematic literature reviews were conducted to obtain other model inputs. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess uncertainty in model results.Nadofaragene firadenovec, at a placeholder price 10% higher than the price of pembrolizumab, had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $263,000 and $145,000 per QALY gained in CIS and non-CIS populations, respectively. Pembrolizumab had an ICER of $168,000 per QALY gained for CIS. A 5.4% reduction in pembrolizumab's price would make it cost-effective. The model was sensitive to many inputs, especially probabilities of disease progression, initial treatment response and durability, and drug price.The cost-effectiveness of nadofaragene firadenovec will depend upon its price. Pembrolizumab, though not cost-effective in our base-case analysis, is an important alternative in this population with an unmet medical need. Comparative trials of these treatments are warranted to better estimate cost-effectiveness.

Overall life satisfaction of college students depends on numerous domains. This study analyzes two of these domains specifically, family life satisfaction and food-related satisfaction in relation to overall life satisfaction of Indian college students. Moreover, the differences in these domains among migrated and non-migrated students were analyzed. Three separate scales, namely, Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction With Food-related Life Scale and the Family Satisfaction Scale were used to assess the relationship between the variables. Sample included 148 college going students in India, belonging to the age group of 18-25. Results suggested a positive relationship between family and overall life satisfaction of students. No significant relationship was found between food-related and overall life satisfaction. Food-related satisfaction of non-migrated students was found to be higher than migrated students. No difference was found between overall and family satisfaction among migrated and non-migrated students.

This study uses numerical modeling in combination with rock mass classification approaches to develop tunnel support systems that are safe from earthquakes, ultimately contributing to the seismic resilience of the important infrastructure. A case study of tunnel in Himalayan region of Nepal has been considered for seismic assessment of tunnel supports in different geological conditions. For better quality rock masses (GSI>30), strain-softening model was used, and for weaker rock masses (GSI

The study was conducted in the Jalore district of Rajasthan to determine the perception of respondents towards activities of farmer producer organizations on both its beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. Six villages under the Ahore block were chosen randomly, and a total of 120 respondents (60 beneficiaries and 60 non-beneficiaries) were selected randomly for the study. Data was collected using a pre-structured interview schedule through personnel interviews, and the results were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The study found that middle-aged individuals were the largest group among both beneficiaries (53.33%) and non-beneficiaries (65.00%). The majority of respondents had medium landholdings, with (53.33%) being beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries (46.67%) having small landholdings. High-income individuals were the largest group among beneficiaries (63.34%), while low-income individuals were the largest group among non-beneficiaries (45.00%). The perception of farmers towards activities of FPO on its beneficiaries was found to be at a medium level (48.34%), while in the case of non-beneficiaries, it was low i.e. (46.66%). The study also found that age, education, land holding, annual income, extension contact, social participation, Mass media exposure, risk preference, and economic motivation were positively and significantly correlated with the perception of farmers towards activities of FPO on both its beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their zero emission environmental friendliness and lower cost of operation compared to conventional vehicles running on fossil fuels like Petrol & Diesel. Fossil fuels are the depleting fuel resources, detrimental to the environment due to greenhouse gases they produce. Many countries have set the target to reduce use of fossil fuels run vehicles by 50% by 2050* and increase the use environment friendly vehicles such as Electric Vehicles, hybrid Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell operated Vehicles which would constitute a major part of vehicles on road.