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Introduction: Breast cancer may have a significant impact on the psychosocial well-being, not only of the women diagnosed, but also on their family members. Aim: The purpose of this review and narrative synthesis is to investigate the affect of breast cancer on women and their family. Methods: The electronic databases Scopus, Psycinfo, Science Direct and Pubmed were searched during the period 2010-2020. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework with Boolean operators. Of the 1126 articles identified, only 35 were used in the final configuration of the systematic review, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were set. Results: The 35 articles that were finally included in this review focused mainly on the relationship of women with breast cancer with their family. More specifically, family seems to play a significant role for women with breast cancer. Dynamics and roles among the family members are affected and burdened because of the disease. Family caregivers provide support to women with breast cancer, and patients receiving family care seem to respond more effectively to their treatment and manage to cope with their illness. Both breast cancer patients and family caregivers seek psychosocial support. Breast cancer can also have a detrimental effect on their family caregivers, their partners and the extended family. Conclusion: A supportive family may a have a positive impact on patients’ psychosocial wellbeing. Providing psychosocial support to both patients and family members may significantly improve the quality of life for the whole family.

The main goal of this research is to examine how interactive technologies can be used to teach foreign languages in higher education settings. Through our study, we discovered that using such technologies can positively impact students' ability to communicate and develop personal skills. As a result, we concluded that incorporating interactive techniques into the learning process is crucial for effective language education. &nbsp

The use of English as a global language is believed to have various benefits for people worldwide, including its ability to serve as a means of communication, empowerment, and unity among diverse cultures.

IntroductionInadequate understanding of medical terminology, poor communication and lack of information affect women's ability to receive adequate care and to establish a relationship with the care provider.MethodsThe sample consists of five immigrants and refugees who lived in a shelter and participated in the ORAMMA program during their pregnancy, in March 2018. In-person interviews were conducted with the participation of an intercultural mediator with an open-ended exploratory questionnaire.ResultsThe women who received care under the ORAMMA program were very satisfied with the provision of prenatal care, they felt very comfortable with the providers talking, communicating, and building a relationship, asking clarifying questions and understanding the reason for their care. Women also felt intimacy, respect, friendship, empathy and confidence to share problems and feelings. Finally, empowering them to familiarize themselves with the health care system has proven to be useful enough for women to be able to care for themselves.ConclusionsThe provision of prenatal and perinatal care to refugee and migrant women offers significant benefits to pregnancy. Therefore, the provision of the ORAMMA program to migrant and refugee women is vital.

В статье рассматриваются когнитивно-стилистические особенности графических средств в рекламном дискурсе. Когнитивно-стилистический анализ графических средств проводится на материале англоязычных рекламных текстов. Выявлено автором, что частотность использования данных форм зависит не столько от типа эмоций, сколько от уровней их интенсивности. Чем мощнее эмоции рекламного дискурса, тем чаще адресант прибегает к графическим формам. Стилистический аспект графики в данной статье рассматривается как один из типов выдвижения. В статье также прослеживаются различные приемы графического выдвижения рекламных текстов. Данная статья отдельно рассматривает стилистическую значимость графических средств на том основании, что они являются наименее изученными в стилистике английского языка. Автор приходит к выводу, что к графическим средствам акцентирования, наиболее часто используемым в рекламном дискурсе, относятся следующие средства: прописные буквы, написание целых слов и предложений прописными буквами, выделение слов жирным шрифтом, зеркальное написание слов

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic plaques play an essential role in atherosclerosis progression. However, no clinical drugs have been used for removing cholesterol crystals from plaque to counter atherosclerosis. Previous studies identified the hydrophobic domain of lipid bilayer in liposomes acted as sinks for solubilizing hydrophobic cholesterol. Moreover, adjusting the composition of the lipid bilayer in liposomes can enhance its hydrophobic molecule loading capacity. Therefore, in this study, ginsenosides Rb1 (Rb1), one of main active components of ginseng which has a similar structure to cholesterol, is anchored into soy phospholipids bilayer with its hydrophobic region to prepare nano-sponge-like liposomes (Rb1-LPs), aiming to amplify the solubilization of cholesterol in lipid bilayer. For targeting delivery to atherosclerotic plaques, Annexin V (AnxV), a protein that can specifically recognize phosphatidylserine upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques, is applied to decorate the surface of Rb1-LPs by click reaction to obtain the final preparation of AnxV-Rb1-LPs. The in vitro studies showed that incorporating Rb1 into lipid bilayer remarkably increased the affinity of the lipid bilayer to free cholesterol and the solubilization of cholesterol crystals. Additionally, nano-sponge-like liposomes could efficiently reduce the accumulation of cholesterol crystals and improve cholesterol efflux, finally inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in cholesterol-laden cells. Furthermore, AnxV-Rb1-LPs could efficiently accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques after intravenous injection, exert nano-sponge-like functions to remove intra- and extracellular cholesterol crystals, ultimately alleviating inflammation and apoptosis in atherosclerotic plaques for antiatherosclerosis. Therefore, AnxV-Rb1-LPs provide a potential strategy for removing cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic plaques and can be further utilized in other diseases with excessive cholesterol accumulation.

Maqolada geografiya darsligida matn bilan ishlash usullari haqida so‘z boradi. Shuningdek, geografiya darsligida matn bilan ishlash usullarining ahamiyati o‘rganilgan.

This scientific article is devoted to analysis of scholarly sources on Canadian political parties. In this article, different works, book, articles and other literature which were created by scholars, politic scientists, politologs and writers have been analized broadly.

Ushbu maqolada nemis tilidagi mayl shakllaridan biri Konjunktiv haqida so‘z bo‘radi. Konyunktivning zamon shakllari, uning ma’nolari va ularning o‘zbek tiliga berilishi haqidagi ma’lumotlar ham maqoladan o‘rin olgan. Maqolada bundan tashqari konyunktivning o‘zbek tilidagi qaysi mayl shakllariga mos kelishi misollar yordamida yoritib berilgan. &nbsp

Annotatsiya: Alisher Navoiy asarlarida qo’llanilgan o’xshatish va metaforalarning “go’zallik” konseptiga aloqadorligini anniqlash va tahlil qilishdan iborat.

Ushbu maqolada Alisher Navoiyning g‘azal va qit’alarida adolat masalasining badiiy talqini, muallifning adolat mavzusiga murojaat etishining asosiy g‘oyaviy maqsadi, shoir tasavvuridagi adolatli hukmdor tasviri va uning badiiy ifodasi tahlil etiladi.

The history of the protection of women's rights at the international level is connected with the development of the protection of the rights and freedoms of the whole person. The beginning of the XX century was marked exclusively by domestic regulation of issues related to human rights, since countries believed that the consolidation of individual rights was part of their internal competence. However, many universal international treaties have established the most important provisions "for the protection of women's rights and have become the basis for international standards for the protection of these rights."

Har bir organizm uchun rekombinatsiya mexanizmi muhim hisoblanadi. Bunda rekombinatsiyaning 3ta asosiy mexanizmlari ishtirok etadi. Suningdek, plazmidlar bakteriya va achchitqi zamburugʻlarini antibiotik va zaharli taksinlarga chidamliligini taʼminlaydilar Quyidagi tezisda DNK reparatsiyasi va uning asosiy mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Bu tezisda siz rekombinatsiya va plazmidlar haqida maʼlumot olishingiz mumkin. &nbsp

Studies on discourse markers are being discussed more and more in relation to gender disparities and language. These symbols are significant not only in verbal communication but also in written communication. According to earlier research (Tse & Hyland, 2008; Yeganeh and Ghoreyshi, 2015), there is some disagreement among scholars about the question of whether gender differences affect language use, particularly the selection of discourse markers. &nbsp

This article contains detailed information about the types of pumpkin plant, its chemical composition and medicinal properties, and diseases of pumpkin plant. Before we get into the healing properties that this food gives us, let's first tell you what it contains, because it is its components that make our body healthy. It has a lot of amino acids. How oleic, silicic or palmitic acid, It provides us with vitamin C, which is a B group of vitamins. On the other hand, the work of vitamin E or folic acid stands out.

Background: The aim of this research was to study the features of changes in the parameters of heart remodeling in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic heart failure (CHF), depending on the degree of renal dysfunction (RD). Methods and Results: The study included 150 CHD patients with NYHA functional class (FC) I-IIII of CHF. All examined patients were subdivided according to the level of eGFR: Group A included 81 patients with CHF FCI-III and eGFRCKD-EPI>60 mL/min per 1.73m2; Group B included 69 patients with CHF FCI-III and eGFRCKD-EPI≤60 mL/min per 1.73m2. It was found an increase in left ventricular (LV) mass in Group B by 11.4%, compared to Group A (P=0.000). Analysis of LV systolic function showed that in Group B, values of LF ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly lower than in Group A (47.64±0.61% vs. 52.7±0.28%, and 25.40±0.46% vs. 28.23±0.25%, respectively, P=0.000). Thus, in Group B, we found CHFrEF, compared to Group A with CHFpEF. Analysis of diastolic function revealed that in Group B, the E/A ratio was statistically higher than in Group A (1.12±0.05 vs. 0.81±0.04, respectively, P=0.000). At the same time, in Group B, values of IVRT and DT were significantly lower than in Group A (85.01±0.8 ms vs. 91.25±0.99 ms, and 177.8±2.1 ms vs. 197.5±2.07 ms, respectively, P=0.000). Thus, the signs of the impaired relaxation (Grade 1 DD) and the pseudonormal filling pattern (Grade 2 DD) were found in Group A and Group B, respectively. Conclusion: RD in patients with CHF is an important factor in the significant deterioration of LV systolic and diastolic functions.

Immune cells stand as a critical component of the immune system to maintain the internal environment homeostasis. The dysfunction of immune cells can result in various life-threatening diseases, including refractory infection, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, strategies to standardize or even enhance the function of immune cells are critical. Recently, nanotechnology has been highly researched and extensively applied for enhancing the cytoplasmic delivery of bioactive molecules to immune cells, providing efficient approaches to correct in vivo and in vitro dysfunction of immune cells. This review focuses on the technologies and challenges involved in improving endo-lysosomal escape, cytoplasmic release and organelle targeted delivery of different bioactive molecules in immune cells. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the broader vision of applying nanotechnology for treating immune cell-related diseases and constructing immune therapies and cytopharmaceuticals as potential treatments for diseases.

Xorijiy tilni o‘qitish jarayoni bevosita mashqlarni bajarish asosiga quriladi va xorijiy tini o‘qitish maqsadiga muvofiq mashqlar tizimini ishlab chiqish va unga amal qilish ta’lim samaradorligini belgilovchi omillardan biridir. Ushbu maqolada oliy ta’limgacha bo‘lgan tizimda ingliz tilini mutxassislikka mos o‘qitish borasidagi mahalliy va xalqaro tadqiqotlarni tahlil qilish bilan tabiiy fanlar yo‘nalishida ingliz tilini klasterli yondashuv asosida mutaxassislikka mos o‘qitishda taklif etilgan mashqlar tizimi tahlil qilinadi va misollar bilan mustahkamlanadi.

Pada era saat ini system digital marketing berkembang dengan sangat pesat, perusahaan berlomba dalam menyusun strategi digital untuk menarik para pengunjung. nipah mall merupakan mall berkonsepkan “green bulding” ruang terbuka hijau dengan fasiltas terbaik dan kenyamanan para pengunjung. Pada strategi kali ini system digital marketing membuat suatu event yang dimana para pengunjung mengikuti petunjuk yang telah di sebarkan sebagaimana pada event ini mengacu pada perlombaan menjawab sebuah pertanyaan (Quis) dalam aplikasi berbasis barcode untuk mendapatkan sebuah vocher belanja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa data pengunjung yang dimana penerapan strategi telah dilaksakan dan sebagai upaya peningkatan volume pengunjung untuk mengtahui: [1] jumlah respondent pengunjung [2] jumlah respondent yang mengikuti quis dengan menjawaban benar dan salah. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut penelitian dilakukan untuk mengahasilkan kesimpulan penerapan strategi marketing digital ini terlaksana dengan baik oleh devisi digital marketing & communication. Pada pengelompokan data tersebut dapat dilihat karakteristiknya sehingga diketahui cluster rendah, sedang dan tinggi, untuk menganalisa data tersebut selama pelaksanan event ini perlu di analisa menggunakan metode K-Means Clustering. Algoritma K-Means berperan untuk menyelesaikan penelitian ini dengan metode pengelompokan data Sehingga mengahasilkan simulasi pengetahuan data pengunjung mengikuti event tersebut, dan mengimplementasikan hasil K-Means dalam Rapid Miner agar dapat melihat hasil visualisai algoritma K-Means.

Maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarida tarbiyalanuv-chilarning valeologik tarbiya berishning ilmiy va nazariy asoslari yoritib o‘tilgan. Maqola mavzusini ochib berish maqsadida xorijlik va mahalliy olimlarning ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlaridan samarali foydalanildi. Maqola mavzusining ilmiy –nazariy asoslarini ochib berish maqsadida qiyoslov va chog‘ishtiruv kabi metodlardan foydalanildi. Maqoladan olingan natijalarni pedagogika institutarida bo‘lajak maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarining tarbiyachi-pedagoglarni o‘qitishda foydala-nish mumkin. Valeologik tarbiya va uning ahamiyati borasidagi izlanish natijalarini maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalarida tarbiya-lanuvchilarning jismoniy salomatligini ijobiy ushlab turish maqsadida qo‘llash mumkin.

The use of agricultural tractors as mechanical aids for tillage using agricultural tractors can make work lighter, faster, more efficient and do big jobs in a relatively short time. Along with the development of technology, many innovations have been developed by humans, including in the field of digital image processing. Segmentation is one of the methods in digital image processing to distinguish objects in an input image. One of the algorithms that can be used for image segmentation is K-Means. Many algorithms are used in image classification. Algorithms that can be used to complete the supervised classification include Paralleepiped, Minimum Distance, Mahalanobis Distance, Maximum Likelihood, Naive Bayesian, K-Nearest Neighbor. Algorithms that can be used to solve unsupervised classifications include Isodata, K-Means, Improved Split and Merge Classification (ISMC), and Adaptive Clustering (CA). Based on this description, this research was conducted to facilitate the data processing process, it is necessary to have a data grouping system to determine decisions in the analysis to determine the level of accuracy in the detection of obstacles resulting from image processing where obstacles are detected, noise and obstacles are not detected. processed and grouped based on their characteristics so that it is known that the cluster is low, medium cluster and high cluster to be able to analyze the data, it is necessary to have a deeper analysis using the K-Means Clustering method and implement K-Means results into Rapidminer to see the results of visualizing the K-Means algorithm data grouping.

Ushbu maqolada kichik maktab yoshidagi o‘quvchilarda ijodiy qobiliyatni shakllantirishning nazariy asoslari hamda ta’lim jarayonida ijodiy qobiliyatni rivojlantirishda qo‘llaniladigan texnologiyalar to‘g‘risida so‘z boradi.

Ushbu maqolada atov birliklari ma’nolarining maxsuslashuvi, o’zbek tilida shakllanishi, asosiy tushunchalar tavsifi, ilmiy qarashlarda har xilliklar haqida mulohazalar aytib o’tilgan.

his article describes in detail the design of printed products, the implementation of the printing process, the variety of printing products in the modern world, the specialization of printing workers and the division of labor with the development of typography. &nbsp

This article provides information about the history of calligraphy, Arabic script and the art of calligraphy, the emergence of the art of calligraphy in Central Asia, the formation of calligraphy and the discovery of new forms of writing in the Arabic alphabet, and their names.

This article provides information about the history of calligraphy, Arabic script and the art of calligraphy, the emergence of the art of calligraphy in Central Asia, the formation of calligraphy and the discovery of new forms of writing in the Arabic alphabet, and their names.

Annotatsiya: Ekologik ta`lim talabaning ekologik muammolarga qiziqishini rivojlantiradi va dunyoning tasviri haqida g'oyalarni shakllantiradi, u ob'ektlar va hodisalarning xususiyatlarini, ularning xilma-xilligini va ular o'rtasidagi aloqalarni ochib beradigan material bilan tanishadi. Talabaning tabiiy va ijtimoiy muhitiga munosabati shakllanadi. Maqolada ham oliy ta`limda talabaning ekologik ta`limni o`zlashtirishi uchun pedagogik yondashuvning ahamiyati yoritilib amalik takliflar beriladi.

Background and aims. Survival of patients is the main criterion of the efficacy of hemodialysis. As known, the survival of patients with diabetes on maintenance hemodialysis is lower than without diabetes. This study is the first in Uzbekistan to evaluate survival of end-stage renal disease patients with diabetes. Materials and Methods. The retrospective study was conducted on 54 diabetes patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis at the Hemodialysis department of the Republican specialized scientific-practical medical center of endocrinology named after academician Y.Kh.Turakulov of the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan in Tashkent in 2013-2020. Results. Among 54 patients (22 women, 41%, and 32 men, 59%) with mean age of 56.5±13.4 years, mean diabetes duration was 16.3±6.5 years. There were 12 patients with T1D (22%) and 42 patients with T2D (78%). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 57%, 22% and 9%, respectively. Conclusions. Data on the analysis of the survival rate of patients by nosology in Uzbekistan are sparse, for patients on hemodialysis, especially for persons with diabetes mellitus, there are no at all. Our findings demonstrated low survival of the diabetics on the maintenance hemodialysis; the fact requiring more detailed study on the problem.&nbsp

bugungi kunda darsni to’g’ri tashkillashtirish hr bir pedagogning muhim vazifasi. Bu unga vaqtni to’g’ri taqsimlashga va vaqtdan unumli foydalanishga imkon yaratib beradi. Ushbu maqolada shu kabi masalaga keng to’xtalib o’tilgan.

At the present stage of social development, the education system is the cornerstone in the policy of any state and one of the most important and dynamic elements of the infrastructure. Education, being a leading factor in socio-economic development, is currently being actively reformed in the developed countries of the world. Especially the experience of Asia countries to improve the quality control of mathematical knowledge among primary school students, for example, in 2022, Japan adopted a new State standard for school education, which will radically change the education system in Japanese schools. The planned comprehensive reform of Japanese primary education reflects global trends, and its results may have significant consequences for the further development of the world community.

So`nggi yillarda O`zbekiston Respublikasida farmatsevtika va tibbiyot sohasini isloh qilish bilan bir qatorda biotexnologiya sohasini tiklanishi va rivojlanishiga katta ahamiyat berilmoqda. Bugungi kunga kelib, mamlakatimizda biotexnologiya sohasi farmatsevtika tarmog`ining keng rivojlanayotgan va barqaror sohalaridan biriga aylanishga ulgurdi.

This article covers the classification and detailed explanations of less productive(or inefficient) methods in the derivation of sports and physical education terms in English. Additionally, extensive information is provided with detailed, concrete examples of a number of less productive term generating methods such as Phonological method, Soinage method, Clipping, conversion. In this work, we study the comparative analysis of inefficient methods in the formation of lexical units related to PES in English. &nbsp

Ushbu maqolada ta‘limning zamonaviy o‘qitish texnologiyalarini joriy etilisida axborot kommunikatsion texnologiyalar asosida interfaol usullardan foydalanish haqida fikr yuritilgan. Hamda axborot kommunikatsion texnologiyalar asosida interfaol usullardan foydalanish orqali o‘quvchilarning kimyo fanini o‘zlashtirishi samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llarini ochib berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada mamlakatimizda joriy qilinayotgan yangi ta’lim tizimi ya’ni inklyuziv ta’lim tizimining takomillashuvi, va bu ta’lim tizimi ta’limda ham joriy qilinganligi, inklyuziv ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish maqsadida yangi qaror va farmonlar qabul qilinib, vazifalar yuklatilganligi haqida so’z boradi.

Olimlarning taxminlariga ko‘ra, 2050-yilga borib Yer sayyorasi aholisi 9,6 milliardga yetib, ularni oziq-ovqat bilan ta’minlash uchun bugungiga nisbatan 70 foiz ko‘p mahsulotlar kerak bo‘lar ekan. Ammo, ekologik vaziyatning yomonlashishi, energiya vositalarining qimmatlashuvi va yer unumdorligining pasayib ketishi talab darajasidagi oziq-ovqat ishlab chiqarishga jiddiy to‘siq bo‘lishi ham ta’kidlanmoqda. Bu muammolarni dehqonchilik faoliyatini o‘zgachausullar asosida boshqarish, xususan, sohaga narsalar interneti konsepsiyasi kabi zamonaviy texnologiyalar va innovatsion yechimlar kiritish, bir so‘z bilan aytganda, «aqlli» qishloq xo‘jaligi orqali hal etish mumkin. Hozirgi kunda IT-texnologiyalar yer maydonlarida asosan don ekinlari yetishtirishda faol qo‘llanilyapti va bu «aniq dehqonchilik» nomi bilan atalyapti.

An economic system is a set of interrelated elements that make up a common economic structure. It is common to distinguish 4 types of economic structures: traditional economy, command economy, market economy and mixed economy. The following article discusses all the four types of an economic system.

Introduction. The article discusses the improvement of social protection of families and children in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis, the National Sys-tem of Child Protection in the Republic of Uzbekistan was obtained, which is made up of certain components. Methods. The content of the article is based on various research methods, primarily on the assessment of the social protection system through interviews with stakeholders. The assessment critically assessed the strategies applied, identified lessons learned and best practices, accelerating the achievement of sustainable results for children in Uzbekistan, especially from the most vulnerable groups. The assessment was aimed at assessing the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, consistency and, if possible, the impact of the strategies adopted to achieve the results of the start program. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the social protection system for children and families is based on the presence of the listed structural components in it. , and in the subsequent parts of this book we will try to analyze the main of these components in relation to the system of social protection of children in Uzbekistan. Results. The article is based on the support for the development of recommendations for the strategic planning of the next program cycle. The level of humanity of the state policy towards its citizens in a difficult situation, a socially vulnerable situation is measured by the system of social support provided, which is aimed at creating opportunities for them to participate in life, equal with other citizens, for socio-political, economic, cultural and intellectual development.

Production technology of jaidari flour from wheat and rye grains. Production technology of single-grade rye flour. Production technology of two types of rye flour. Flour production technology in a complex way without enrichment of intermediate products. Flour production technology for bread products of three types of wheat grain 75-78%.

Har bir mamlakatning iqtisodiy qudrati, ijtimoiy-ma’naviy hayot darajasining yuksalishi ta’lim tizimining raqobatbardoshligi, ilm-fan taraqqiyoti bilan belgilanadi. Shu bois, O‘zbekiston Respublikasini yanada rivojlantirish bo‘yicha “Harakatlar strategiyasida” ta’lim sohasini tubdan takomillashtirish, ta’lim sifatini oshirish, intellektual salohiyatli, jismoniy barkamol avlodni shakllantirish, aniq fanlarni chuqurlashtirib o‘qitish va iqtisodiyotning turli sohalari uchun malakali kadrlarni tayyorlash ustuvor vazifalar sifatida belgilangan bo‘lib, pirovardida bugungi davr talabiga javob bera oladigan ta’lim tizimni yaratish ko‘zda tutildi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada skarlatina infeksiyasining bolalarda kechishi, kelib chiqish sabablari, davolash yo`nalishlari hamda kutiladigan asoratlar muhokama etiladi.

Annotatsiya: Yoshlarimizga jahon ta’lim mezonlariga mos xolda chuqur bilim berish, ularni Vatanga muhabbat, milliy istiqlol g’oyalariga sodiqlik ruxida tarbiyalash masalalari ta’lim sohasining asosiy vazifasidir. Bu esa uz o’rnida ta’lim boshqaruvi organlari, muassasalari, o’quv yurtlari rahbarlaridan tashkilotchi xamda tadbirkor, yuqori bilim va yuksak madaniyat egasi bo’lishini talab etadi. Ushbu maqolada umumiy o’rta ta’lim maktablari boshqaruvida kuzatiladigan muammolar va ularni bartaraf etishning pedagogik asoslari ochib berilgan.