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The overexpression of aberrantly glycosylated tumor-associated mucin-1 (TA-MUC1) in human cancers makes it a major target for the development of anticancer vaccines derived from synthetic MUC1-(glyco) peptide antigens. However, glycopeptide-based subunit vaccines are weakly immunogenic, requiring adjuvants and/or additional immunopotentiating approaches to generate optimal immune responses. Among these strategies, unimolecular self-adjuvanting vaccine constructs that do not need coadministration of adjuvants or conjugation to carrier proteins emerge as a promising but still underexploited approach. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, immune-evaluation in mice, and NMR studies of new, self-adjuvanting and self-assembling vaccines based on our QS-21-derived minimal adjuvant platform covalently linked to TA-MUC1-(glyco)peptide antigens and a peptide helper T-cell epitope. We have developed a modular, chemoselective strategy that harnesses two distal attachment points on the saponin adjuvant to conjugate the respective components in unprotected form and high yields via orthogonal ligations. In mice, only tri-component candidates but not unconjugated or di- component combinations induced significant TA-MUC1-specific IgG antibodies able to recognize the TA-MUC1 on cancer cells. NMR studies revealed the formation of self-assembled aggregates, in which the more hydrophilic TA-MUC1 moiety gets exposed to the solvent, favoring B-cell recognition. While dilution of the di-component saponin–(Tn)MUC1 constructs resulted in partial aggregate disruption, this was not observed for the more stably-organized tri-component candidates. This higher structural stability in solution correlates with their increased immunogenicity and suggests a longer half-life of the construct in physiological media, which together with the enhanced antigen multivalent presentation enabled by the particulate self-assembly, points to this self-adjuvanting tri-component vaccine as a promising synthetic candidate for further development. Funding from the European Research Council (ERC-2016-STG-716878 to A. F.-T.; ERC-2017-AdG-788143 to J. J. B.) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI (PID2020-117911RB-I00, CTQ2017-87530-R, RYC-2015-17888 to A. F.-T.; RTI2018-096494-B-100 to J. A.; RTI2018-094751-B-C21 to J. J. B) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Felix Elortza and Ibon Iloro from the CIC bioGUNE Proteomics Platform and Javier Calvo from the CIC biomaGUNE Mass Spectrometry Platform for their support with MALDI and HRMS analyses. A. F. T. thanks Raquel Fernandez for inspiration.

Proton sound detectors rely on sensing the weak thermoacoustic signals emitted by the fast energy deposition at the end of the beam penetration path through the energy absorber. The energy of the ions/protons is first converted into heat, and then, into pressure by a thermodynamic process. The pressure signal propagates through the energy absorber, and it is read by an acoustic sensor, which, in turn, converts the pressure wave into an analog electrical voltage. Such an analog signal is digitalized by the analog front-end. Its digital representation is used for the measurement of the beam depth. This emerging technique attracts attention in both physics experiments and medical applications (hadron therapy). This article investigates the signal-to-noise-ratio performance in proton sound detectors exploring all critical steps that lead to both reduction of the power of the electrical signal and noise power increasing. Nonetheless, this article proposes specific technical solutions to mitigate such signal-to-noise-ratio degradations with particular attention to higher energy (i.e., 200 MeV) proton beams, which are crucial for medical applications, and where the maximum achievable signal-to-noise ratio can be 50/60 dB lower than 20 MeV acoustic pulses.

This article presents a cross-domain model that defines and sets the acoustic signal generation process due to the fast dose deposition induced by a proton beam penetrating an energy absorber. The proposed model reduces the complex iono-acoustic energy transformation process to a simple impulse-response of a linear-time-invariant (LTI) system and is validated by comparing LTI output simulation results (in both time and frequency domain) with experimental acoustic signals emitted by a physical proton beam at 20 MeV and 70-120-ns pulse time width. Thanks to the intrinsic simplicity of the system, it is possible to predict and estimate the effective acoustic power at the sensor and the resultant beam range measurement precision. More importantly, the information coming from LTI simulations provides well-defined methodologies that allow to increase acoustic signal amplitude from +3 up to +9 dB and to improve the measurement precision of the beam range localization (up to +/ - 0.3 mm versus +/ - 0.6 mm state of the art for 200-MeV energy and 75-mGy total dose).

De acordo com a legislação vigente pelo Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN), regulamenta-se privativamente ao enfermeiro a função gerencial, sendo é de sua responsabilidade a organização, coordenação e avaliação da assistência em enfermagem. Outro ponto relevante é sua atuação na valorização e educação continuada dos profissionais de enfermagem. A educação continuada constitui uma estratégia significativa para a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços prestados, sendo o enfermeiro o principal articulador desta prática ao realizar treinamentos com abordagem multiprofissional nos diferentes setores de um hospital, viabilizando o processo de cuidados qualificado e seguro. Sabe-se que um dos grandes problemas de saúde pública, mundialmente reconhecido são as infecções relacionadas a assistência à saúde (IRAS) devido as complicações no quadro clínico do paciente, levando ao aumento do tempo de internação e gastos e elevação da taxa de morbimortalidade. Recentemente, com a descoberta do vírus Sars-Cov-2, chamado de Covid-19, o que ocasionou uma pandemia, os serviços de saúde tem enfrentado cenários desafiadores. Cientes da rápida disseminação do vírus, medidas como uso de máscara, distanciamento social foram adotadas, e mais do que nunca, a higienização das mãos teve seu grau de relevância bastante elevado em todos os âmbitos, principalmente nos serviços de saúde. Diante do exposto, este estudo teve por objetivo, relatar a experiência na realização de uma atividade educativa reflexiva, de forma lúdica sobre a importância da higienização das mãos como principal medida de prevenção e proteção para a saúde do paciente e do profissional de saúde. Justifica-se assim, a relevância da educação em saúde principalmente diante do atual cenário pandêmico.

To translate and perform the cross-cultural adaption of the CD:H scale for use in Paediatric Dentistry in Brazilian Portuguese language. Material and Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CD: H was carried out in four stages: 1) translation of the instrument; 2) reverse translation (back translation); 3) cross-cultural adaptation, and 4) face validation. Face validation consisted of the evaluation of 30 subjects from the target population. A pilot study was conducted with 15 children aged 5-10 years treated at a university dental clinic and their drawings were analysed by two dentists. Data were analysed using Stata 12.0. Results: In the face validation, most items were understood; however, some words were changed, and terms were included to identify the dental environment. Good reproducibility was obtained: inter-examiner reliability was 0.9647 and intra-examiner reliability was 0.9619 for examiner A and 0.8260 for examiner B. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the CD:H scale is a useful tool for dentists, helping identify children's emotions and being enjoyable for them.

An on-chip solution for health monitoring of semiconductor power switches subjected to thermo-mechanical metal fatigue degradation is proposed. The fatigue detection relies on the correlation between the progress of the main failure mechanism, which is critical to the functionality of the device, and a parallel degradation of a non-critical sensing structure using a different mechanism. Both mechanisms are driven by the same cyclic thermo-mechanical load. This study specifically develops a sensing structure for detecting power metallization aging through electrically detectable ratcheting behavior in the routing metal layer underneath. Experiments have been carried out on a dedicated test structure with electrical sensing of the health monitoring structure. Meanwhile, the main degradation progress was observed via scanning electron microscopy in regular intervals. Results show that the proposed approach will reliably work only for detecting degradation driven by repeated high overload events.

This brief presents a 4th-order continuous-time analog filter based on Flipped-Source-Follower stage. Source-Follower (SF) filters typically adopt pseudo-differential topology (critical for matching and bulk/substrate noise rejection) and are realized in not recent CMOS processes (130nm or 180nm) due to the intrinsic voltage headroom required by SF operation. The proposed device solves the above limitations by proposing a fully-differential circuital topology, which improves by 13 dB the power supply rejection with respect to pseudo differential approach, and by operating in 28nm-CMOS process, thanks to a proper level-shifter transistor, which enables optimum biasing point and enhances filter dynamic range. The prototype is composed by the cascade of two biquadratic cells. It features 90 MHz −3 dB bandwidth, and consumes 816 $\mu \text{W}$ power (408 $\mu \text{W}$ per cell) from a 1V supply. Dynamic-Range is 64 dB with 140 $\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm{ RMS}}$ output noise, and at 0.32 V0-PEAK differential output voltage swing. Figure-of-Merit is 156 dBJ $^{-1}$ .

Com a pandemia da COVID-19 os serviços de saúde hospitalar precisaram se organizar para atender as pessoas infectadas e dar continuidade ao cuidado das condições já existentes. Liderar em situações de crises torna-se um desafio, a COVID-19 instigou os líderes a reavaliar e desenvolver novas estratégias de gestão e melhores práticas na liderança. Reconhecer estas experiências profissionais frente a processos de mudanças e crises, possibilita refletir e aprimorar as habilidades, competências e domínios de atuação profissional. Frente ao exposto, visando a sustentação e aprofundamento teórico da temática em estudo, definiu-se a produção de uma revisão integrativa, norteada pela indagação: como foi a vivência da liderança de enfermeiros e equipes de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar no período pandêmico de enfrentamento a COVID-19? Com objetivo de conhecer a vivência da liderança de enfermeiros e equipes de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar no período pandêmico de enfrentamento a COVID-19.

This article investigates the fin- and finger-number dependence of the total ionizing dose (TID) degradation in 16-nm bulk Si FinFETs at ultrahigh doses. n- and p-FinFETs designed with different numbers of fins and fingers are irradiated up to 500 Mrad(SiO2) and then annealed for 24 h at 100 degrees C. The TID responses of nFinFETs are insensitive to the fin number, as dominated by border and interface trap generation in shallow trench isolation (STI) and/or gate oxide. However, pFinFETs show a visible fin-number dependence with worst tolerance of transistors with the smallest number of fins. The fin number dependence may be related to a larger charge trapping in STI located at the opposite lateral sides of the first and last fins. In addition, both n- and p-FinFETs exhibit an almost TID insensitivity to the finger number. During the design of integrated circuits, the TID tolerance of electronic systems can be enhanced by preferably using transistors with a higher number of fins than fingers.

An electrostatic discharge (ESD)-protected one-time-programmable (OTP) memory front-end circuit, for high-voltage (HV) applications, designed and manufactured in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, is presented. The SOI technology meets HV functional-isolation and level-shifting requirements but is not suitable for advanced analog circuits. The presented OTP memory is discussed as an introduction to digital programmability in the considered technology. The memory element consists of an antifuse type structure and is implemented using a 5-V nMOS with $\text {L}={1}\,\, \mathbf {\mu \text {m}}$ and $\text {W}={1.2}\,\, \mathbf {\mu \text {m}}$ . The cell memory allows for significant area and power savings in the adopted HV technology. Conditions for this require that an efficient ESD protection will guarantee safe operation, even in the presence of a small and fragile on-chip element whose undesired burning would compromise the programming mechanism, and consequently the reliability, of the circuit. Details about the circuit design implementation of the front-end circuit for both read and write circuits and ESD protection are described with experimental results validating the proposed implementation.

In this paper, a direct modulated Power Line Communication (PLC) technique is presented, which realizes the transmitter part by a switched-capacitor (SC) implementation. It is shown that in terms of energy, latency and costs, the presented transmission scheme is an improvement compared to state-of-the-art carrier based solutions. Two variants of the transmitter will be analyzed that use an unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable to connect the network nodes differentially, while the supply of the nodes is embedded simultaneously. These PLC approaches have been verified by a discrete component based demonstrator and by a transmitter test chip, fabricated in a 180nm HV-CMOS SOI technology.

This paper presents the design and experimental characterization of a Proton Sound Detector (ProSD), a device that physically captures and senses the weak acoustic signal emitted by the fast energy deposition at the end of the same proton beam range. The measured acoustic signal Time-of-Flight provides a very accurate ( $13~\mu \text{m}$ accuracy) measure of the proton beam penetration depth in water, improving the proton range verification accuracy w.r.t. previous works in pre-clinical scenarios. This suggests interesting possibilities for high-accuracy and real-time beam monitoring and calibration in hadron-therapy for cancer treatment. The detector has been fully characterized and tested with a physical 20 MeV proton beam in a water energy absorber. The ProSD and the water tank have been mounted in front of the exit layer of a 20 MeV 120 ns pulse time-width proton beam. A clear sinusoidal-like acoustic signal of 5 Pa and 2.3 MHz frequency has been detected at 12 dB SNR with 0.8 Gy single shot dose. After averaging 10 beam shots the achieved Signal-to-Noise-Ratio is 22 dB allowing a $\pm 7.5~\mu \text{m}$ precision vs. previously reported $\pm 45~\mu \text{m}$ ionoacoustic precision.

Microelectrode-Arrays (MEAs) allow neural recording of thousands of neurons/mm2 by sensing: Extracellular Action Potentials (EAP) and Local Field Potentials (LFP). MEAs arrange several recording sites (or pixels) in a spatial grid/matrix, planarly and capacitively coupled with in-vitro cell cultures (growth above the chip surface) and/or integrated in electrocorticography grids. This paper focuses on Electrolyte-Oxide (C)MOS Field-Effect-Transistors MEAs for cell-level recording. In this type of biosensors, each single row of the matrix is composed of N planar metal electrodes and is scanned synchronously and regularly for N clock cycles, adopting Time-Division-Multiplexing (TDM) schemes. TDM approach generates an analogue output signal for each biosensor row, which includes in a single time track the information acquired by the N electrodes of the matrix. It is therefore of fundamental importance to estimate the noise power of the output signal of the single row because this power defines the minimum detectable threshold of the neuro-potential signal power. Noise in planar MEA is determined by the classical contributions of electronic noise (thermal and flicker, coming from both biological environment and semiconductor devices) and from the spurious corrupting signal due to multiplexing action (which behaves to all effects as a statistical noise signal following a Gaussian probability distribution). This paper presents the complete procedure for designing an (active) biosensor matrix/array (embedding the analog signal processing channels) as a function of a specific Noise Figure requirement (that measures the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) degradation and thus is defined as the ratio between the biosensor array input SNR and the output SNR of the analog acquisition channel). This procedure is applied to a single row of the biosensor matrix, can be easily extended to 2D array, and allows to define all the design parameters (including electrode area, gain, bandwidth and noise power of the analog stages building the array) to obtain the specific Noise Figure.

This paper presents the design and the experimental characterization of a complete acoustic analog front-end (A-AFE) read-out channel for detecting thermo-acoustic pulses induced by heavy-charged particles interacting with matter. The most relevant applications are in particle physics experiments (bubble chambers for Dark Matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) detection) and biomedical (beam range verification in oncological hadron-therapy). Typical thermo-acoustic pulses are characterized by 50 kHz–500 kHz bandwidth and weak amplitudes (around 5–50 Pa) and thus require low-noise piezoelectric-based ultrasound sensors (with input-referred noise power spectral density, IRN-PSD, as low as 1–2 nV/√Hz) whose output signal is 1–10 μV0-PEAK amplitude. Thus, even lower noise electronics are needed to preserve the weakest signal and maximize the sensitivity of the whole detector. For this reason, the A-AFE has been designed to achieve a global 0.3 dB Noise Figure with an input-referred detector noise floor as low as 2.3 μVRMS (corresponding to 93 mPaRMS) thanks to a dedicated JFET-based low-noise amplifier. The A-AFE achieves 31.5 dB Signal-to-Noise-Ratio at 4.8 Pa and 160 kHz pressure source. The final A-AFE prototype has 45 dB in-band gain at 0.3 nV/√Hz Input Referred Noise and it is the first specifically designed and optimized for sensing the acoustic signal coming from interactions between radiations and matter.

This paper presents a new mathematical approach to design an asynchronous pulse width modulation (APWM) for the switched mode power supply (SMPS). Unlike the conventional APWM that utilises a Hysteretic comparator based Asynchronous Pulse Width Modulation (HAPWM) to provide the self-oscillating property, the proposed APWM is based on a Binary comparator based Asynchronous Pulse Width Modulation (BAPWM) and a delay cell. This way, compared to the HAPWM, the mathematical analysis of the modulator is significantly simplified. This was achieved by replacing the describing function (DF) -based graphical method with a ?linearised mathematical model. The introduced mathematical approach is extended to study the behaviour of the higher order self-oscillating modulators in terms of the harmonic distortion. To confirm the effectiveness of the analytical derivations, the BAPWMs are employed in a classic DC-DC buck converter and the system-level simulation results are provided. It is concluded that there is an acceptable degree of similarity between the simulation results and the deployed analytical calculations for different orders of the modulators. Finally, to validate these analytical and simulation results and also to compare the BAPWM performance with its HAPWM counterpart, both modulators are implemented using offthe- shelf components and their measurement results are presented.

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se a ansiedade materna odontológica está associada à experiência de cárie dentária da criança. Métodos: este estudo transversal foi realizado com crianças entre 7 a 13 anos de idade. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação de um questionário às mães e exame clínico nas crianças. A ansiedade odontológica materna foi avaliada pela Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. A experiência de cárie dentária foi avaliada por meio do índice CPO-D/CEO-D. A análise multivariada, bruta e ajustada, foi realizada pelo teste de Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para testar o efeito das variáveis independentes no desfecho (Razão de Prevalência, Intervalo de Confiança de 95%). Um nível de significância de 5% foi adotado. Resultados: participaram 85 díades mãe/criança. Em torno de 32% das mães apresentaram moderado/alto grau de ansiedade odontológica. A experiência de cárie foi associada à idade da criança (p = 0,001), à percepção materna da saúde bucal da criança (p = 0,017) e à ansiedade materna odontológica (p = 0,001). Após os ajustes, a ansiedade materna odontológica permaneceu associada à experiência de cárie da criança. Crianças filhas de mães ansiosas apresentaram 23% maior prevalência de experiência de cárie dentária quando comparadas aquelas crianças filhas de mães não ansiosas. Conclusão: em crianças de 7 a 13 anos de idade, a ansiedade materna odontológica foi associada à experiência de cárie da criança.

This paper presents a fully integrated 65nm CMOS Low-Dropout (LDO) voltage regulator for MEMS devices in the microphone field. The proposed LDO exploits a nested loop to generate the regulated voltage. The external loop generates a precise mathbf{V}_{mathbf{out}} and the internal loop gets a fast transient response by means of a Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF). To achieve a high Power Supply Rejection (PSR) a Tail compensated Error Amplifier (EA) was used. Powered by a {1.8mathrm{V}pm 10%} VDD, the LDO provides a 1.2V regulated voltage in the whole temperature range {[-40, 85]{circ}mathrm{C}} while consuming a quiescent current of 8.7uA (15. 7u W of nominal power consumption). It is capable of driving from 200uA to 800uA of static current load without affecting performance. The LDO occupies an active area of {0.0363text{mm}{{2}}} {(0.3text{mm x} 0.121text{mm})} including the 70pF on chip capacitor. This means that the LDO can be used in a System on a Chip (Soc) thanks to the absence of an off-chip capacitor. The simulation shows a PSR {< -70text{dB}} in the audio band ([20, 20k]Hz), a PSR peak below -10dB and a fast transient response of 148ns. Furthermore, Montecarlo and PVT simulations show the robustness of the circuit. Worst cases prove that the mathbf{V}_{mathbf{out}} value never exceeds {1.2mathrm{V}pm 5%} during DC and transient analysis. The overall mathbf{V}_{mathbf{out}} error is 0.3%.

This paper presents specific noise minimization strategies to be adopted in silicon–cell interfaces. For this objective, a complete and general model for the analog processing of the signal coming from cell–silicon junctions is presented. This model will then be described at the level of the single stages and of the fundamental parameters that characterize them (bandwidth, gain and noise). Thanks to a few design equations, it will therefore be possible to simulate the behavior of a time-division multiplexed acquisition channel, including the most relevant parameters for signal processing, such as amplification (or power of the analog signal) and noise. This model has the undoubted advantage of being particularly simple to simulate and implement, while maintaining high accuracy in estimating the signal quality (i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio, SNR). Thanks to the simulation results of the model, it will be possible to set an optimal operating point for the front-end to minimize the artifacts introduced by the time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme and to maximize the SNR at the a-to-d converter input. The proposed results provide an SNR of 12 dB at 10 µVRMS of noise power and 50 µVRMS of signal power (both evaluated at input of the analog front-end, AFE). This is particularly relevant for cell–silicon junctions because it demonstrates that it is possible to detect weak extracellular events (of the order of few µVRMS) without necessarily increasing the total amplification of the front-end (and, therefore, as a first approximation, the dissipated electrical power), while adopting a specific gain distribution through the acquisition chain.

Nowadays, automotive wire harnesses have become very complex systems as the number of electronic components and Electronic Control Units (ECUs) inside a vehicle have increased dramatically. To manage this complexity, and to support the automotive systems of tomorrow, new communication techniques need to be investigated. In this work, a direct modulated Power-Line Communication (PLC) method is proposed to drastically reduce the number of interconnections and give advantages in cost, complexity, and weight. Two transmitter topologies based on a Switching Capacitor approach are presented and implemented in a Test Chip fabricated in a 180 nm HV-CMOS SOI technology. The proposal is validated by communication tests connecting the designed chip and a discrete component-based demonstrator receiver through an unshielded twisted pair cable. Compared to commercially available solutions, the proposed approach can reach a data rate of 2 Mbps, making it able to implement high-speed event-driven networks, such as the Controller Area Network (CAN).

O artigo trata das obras O escolhido foi você e Interfaith Charity Shop at Selfridges, da artista norte-americana Miranda July (1974). O texto reflete sobre os objetos presentes nas obras entendidos como dispositivos, pensando o conceito de Giorgio Agamben em seu livro O que é o contemporâneo e outros ensaios. Mesmo mudos, os objetos podem ser falantes ao contar sobre sonhos, desejos, motivações e histórias de vidas e atravessar a biografia de quem cruza seu caminho. O texto também discorre, com base em Walter Benjamin, sobre o papel do colecionador, o qual empreende uma luta contra a dispersão. Miranda July é uma colecionadora de biografias, vidas, histórias, dos outros e da sua própria, que por diversos momentos se misturam. No texto ainda são estabelecidas algumas relações para ponderar que os objetos fazem um caminho biográfico, podem ser pensados como testemunhos silenciosos da humanidade. Pensar seu uso na arte contemporânea é também pensar seu empilhamento nos museus. O escolhido foi você e Interfaith Charity Shop at Selfridges rememoram a biografia das coisas, como restos de experiências humanas. Miranda July faz o jogo de lembrar o passado, imaginar o futuro e revelar um pedaço da sua própria biografia.

This study presents the first in depth characterization of deep cryogenic electrical behavior of a commercial 16 nm CMOS FinFET technology. This technology is well suited for a broad range of applications, including quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum communications. Cryogenic DC measurements and physical parameters extraction were carried out on this commercial FinFET technology, operating at room temperature, i.e., 300 K, and down to 2.95 K for different device types and geometries. This represents the main step towards cryogenic compact modeling and optimization of three-dimensional CMOS structures for quantum computations.

Teorias consistem em um conjunto de princípios e conceitos que transmitem um olhar sistêmico acerca de determinados fenômenos, almejando descrevê-los e explicar seus encadeamentos. Na enfermagem, são utilizadas para fundamentar o exercício profissional e definir sua finalidade prática, constituindo importantes referenciais para os modelos assistenciais. Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a aplicabilidade da Teoria Geral de Enfermagem do Déficit do Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem na coprodução do cuidado de enfermagem. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico-reflexivo, de natureza interpretativa, derivado de estudos concernentes à disciplina de Concepções teórico-filosóficas no processo de cuidar em enfermagem e saúde do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. A metodologia reflexiva permitiu evidenciar o autocuidado pela visão da autora, as concepções acerca da coprodução do cuidado centrado no paciente e a relação entre os conceitos da teorista e o referencial de coprodução. Constatou-se que Teoria Geral de Enfermagem do Déficit do Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem quando aplicada na coprodução do cuidado de enfermagem pode originar: a gestão compartilhada do cuidado; o emprego sistemático do referencial de coprodução; prescrições e intervenções de enfermagem com enfoque em ações de autocuidado e de promoção da saúde; orientações de enfermagem com o potencial para coprodução do cuidado e melhora do autocuidado; e o aprimoramento das intervenções de enfermagem implementadas.

The dental environment can be considered a stressor for children, and can trigger unwanted behaviors. Pediatric Dentistry is a specialty that requires professionals to know preventive measures and restorative skills to perform dental treatment in children or adolescents. In addition, it is especially important that the professional is concerned with the child’s feelings and reactions, allowing the pediatric dentist to identify situations that may generate stress for the patient during the care, and manage the presented behaviors. Recent studies have measured children’s reactions and feelings during dental treatments using projective techniques. Given the importance of drawing to identify children’s emotions, the objective of this study was to search the literature about the use of drawings as a projective technique in Pediatric Dentistry. Therefore, projective techniques, with an emphasis on drawing, have proved to be an effective instrument to be used in clinical practice to better understand the reactions presented by children during dental care and their relationship with dentists. Thus, avoiding unexpected situations in the office and allowing greater chances of obtaining a positive return from the patient.

Background Aberrant salience is the incorrect assignment of salience, significance, or value to different innocuous stimuli that might precede the onset of psychotic symptoms. The present study aimed to perform a preliminary evaluation of potentially different correlations between the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) score and dimensional or categorical diagnostic approaches. Methods 168 adult outpatients with a current psychiatric diagnosis were consecutively enrolled. Patients were evaluated using different psychometric scales. ASI was used to evaluate aberrant salience, and to evaluate the association between ASI scores and first rank symptoms (FRS), and/or with a psychiatric diagnosis. Principal dichotomic clusters of ASI were identified using the Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) method. Results Current (16.76 ± 6.02 vs 13.37 ± 5.76; p = 0.001), lifetime (15.74 ± 6.08 vs 13.16 ± 5.74; p = 0.005) and past (15.75 ± 6.01 vs 13.33 ± 5.80; p = 0.009) FRS were the main clusters dichotomizing ASI. The average ASI score did not significantly differ among patients with different diagnoses. Conclusions ASI could be used as a tool to identify psychopathological dimensions, rather than the categorical diagnoses, in the schizophrenic spectrum.

[EN] In the framework of the search for dark matter in the form of WIMPs using superheated liquids, a study is conducted to establish a computational procedure aimed at determining how the thermodynamic conditions kept inside a particle detector affect the acoustic signal produced by bubble nucleation. It is found that the acoustic energy injected into the liquid by the growing vapour bubble increases as the liquid pressure is decreased and the superheat degree is increased, the former effect being crucial for the generation of a well-intelligible signal. A good agreement is met between the results of the present study and some experimental data available in the literature for the amplitude of the acoustic signal. Additionally, the higher loudness of the alpha-decay events compared with those arising from neutron-induced nuclear recoils is described in terms of multiple nucleations., The authors are grateful to Walter Fulgione for the valuable discussions and suggestions and for his help in reviewing the manuscript.

This paper characterizes and models the effects of total ionizing dose (TID) up to 1 Grad(SiO2) on the drain leakage current of ${n}$ MOSFETs fabricated with a commercial 28-nm bulk CMOS process. Experimental comparisons among individual ${n}$ MOSFETs of various sizes provide insight into the TID-induced lateral parasitic devices, which contribute the most to the significant increase up to four orders of magnitude in the drain leakage current. We introduce a semiempirical physics-based approach using only three parameters to model the parallel parasitic and total drain leakage current as a function of TID. Taking into account the gate independence of the drain leakage current at high TID levels, we model the lateral parasitic device as a gateless charge-controlled device by using the simplified charge-based Enz–Krummenaker–Vittoz (EKV) MOSFET model. This approach enables us to extract the equivalent density of trapped charges related to the shallow trench isolation oxides. The adopted simplified EKV MOSFET model indicates the weak inversion operation of the lateral parasitic devices.

This study presents a novel low-pass continuous-time filter based on the voltage flipped-source-follower (SF). The filter efficiently operates in CMOS 28 nm and improves the SF filters state-of-the-art thanks to a dedicated circuit that operates in fully-differential fashion (instead of the pseudo-differential typically used in state-of-the-art SF filters) with a dedicated Common-Mode-Feedback circuit. Thus this work extends the application of the SF filtering stages to the nm-range technologies where threshold voltage ( V TH ) is only two times lower than the supply voltage ( V DD ) for what regards standard-process MOS transistors. In order to validate the design concept, the proposed filter has been designed in CMOS 28 nm technology. Extensive simulation results of a 131 MHz -3 dB frequency proof-of-concept second-order filter are proposed. The device consumes 510 μW power from a single 1 V supply-voltage. In-band integrated noise is 160 μV RMS and IIP3 is 19 dBm for 20 and 21 MHz input tones frequencies. Simulation results lead to 166 J -1 figure-of-merit, outperforming the analogue filter state-of-the-art.

IC-PIX28 (Integrated Circuit for PIXel detectors) is an analog read-out front-end fabricated in 28 nm Bulk-CMOS technology to process the charge signal produced by the pixel detector having 100 fF parasitic capacitance. The device is composed by a Charge Sensitive Pre-amplifier (CSPreamp) and a comparator. The development of IC-PIX28 manages several issues due to the poor analog performance of the standard-process MOS transistors in 28 nm Bulk-CMOS technology, whose choice is motivated by the expected rad-hard performance up to 1 Grad of Total Ionizing Dose. IC-PIX28 achieves performance robustness and low-power consumption by specific circuital solutions and it operates from a single 900 mV supply voltage. The full IC-PIX28 read-out channel consumes 4.3 μ W. The CSPreamp performs 35 mV/fC sensitivity, 40 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and 0.033 fC (204 e rms − ) Equivalent Noise Charge. Moreover, a switched-capacitors inverter-based comparator performs the Time-over-Threshold (ToT, at very low power consumption) with a measured ToT range of 500 ns convertible in a digital word with a high bit resolution (> 14).

OTP (One Time Programmable) memory in power technology enables electrical performance optimization together with area occupation reduction. In this paper, the aspects relative to the oxide breakdown (which is the key mechanism for memory programmability) are studied and applied to the development of an antifuse OTP cell in a 350 nm-CMOS power technology. The physical analysis of the degradation phases of an oxide layer is presented together with the physical models, exploited to foresee the device time-to-breakdown depending on applied voltage, oxide thickness etc. The achieved results are used in the development and reliable implementation of OTP cells in the target 350 nm-CMOS node.

Ilya e Emilia Kabakov criam obras que adentram a um espaço privado dando a ver a biografia, a imparidade, a narrativa de pessoas e personagens e constroem discursividade. O artigo aborda as instalações Ten Characters e The Toilet, reflete sobre a habitação, as possibilidades de narrativa que vão sendo arquitetadas nas obras e sobre as obras. O texto ainda disserta sobre o intérieur a partir de Walter Benjamin, sobre a elaboração de discursividade de uma obra, pensando as obras como um site-specific por meio de Miwon Kwon e sobre os espaços da habitação com Michel Foucault, permeando a utopia e a heterotopia. Para além de criarem a partir de uma realidade existente, Ilya e Emilia Kabakov elaboram obras que dão espaço para a ficção, os sonhos e os devaneios de uma habitação.

This paper presents the sensitivity analysis of an extended-range, second-order Incremental ADC (IADC) to the non-idealities of the operational amplifiers (op-amps) used. Different configurations of the extended-range IADCs are compared in terms of required ENOB and op-amp specifications. In all the configurations, a flash ADC with varying resolution is used as extended-range ADC. The ADC clock frequency is considered in all cases equal to 80 MHz. From the analysis it turns out that, in order to achieve a given ENOB, the extended-range IADC requires a significantly lower number of clock cycles than a conventional IADC, but the requirements of the op-amps are much more stringent.

This work presents the design and experimental validation of a photoacoustic setup that emulates the acoustic signal generated by a 20 MeV proton beam by ionoacoustic effect. This system serves as a practical tool to experimentally test ionoacoustic detectors in a simple yet representative setup prior to performing beam tests at accelerator facilities. To emulate the ionoacoustic effect the hereby presented Proton Sound Detector Testbench (ProSD-TB) uses a 70 W peak power pulsed laser and a specifically designed target absorber. The experimental validation of the ProSD-TB shows that it is capable to emulate a 20 MeV proton beam ionoacoustic signal in terms of signal amplitude (few Pa at the sensor surface) and frequency (2 MHz). The time domain signal generated by the ProSD-TB is acquired by means of a 64-ch Proton Sound Detector composed by a multichannel acoustic sensor, a dedicated analog front-end and signal processing. The ProSD-TB is validated against a 20 MeV ionoacoustic signal both in time domain and by comparing the 20 MeV dose deposition profile to an acoustic image generated by the Proton Sound Detector.

A 4-channel front-end electronics (4 × FEE) system for the muon drift tube in the ATLAS detector in the High-Luminosity LHC is presented. The overall channel architecture is optimized to reduce the power and area of the design. Each channel comprises a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSP), shaper, discriminator and differential low-voltage signaling drivers. The proposed channel operates with a 5–100 fC input charge and exhibits a linear sensitivity of 8 mV/fC for the entire input charge range. The peaking time delay of the analog channel is 14.6 ns. At the output, the time representation of the input signal is provided in terms of the CMOS level and in scalable low-voltage signal (SLVS). The FEE consumes a current of 10.6 mA per channel from a single 1.2 V supply voltage. The full 4 × FEE design is realized in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology and its die-area is 2 mm × 2 mm.

This paper presents the design and the validation of a continuous-time 2nd-order analog filter with 40 MHz -3 dB cut-off frequency. The circuit synthesizes a pair of conjugated complex poles by leveraging the inductive behaviour of the source node of the folded branch of a differential amplifier. This circuital technique dominates noise power and harmonic distortion by a simple input MOS transistor pair of a differential stage, resulting in 7-nV/√Hz in-band Input Referred Noise power spectral density and 69 dB output Dynamic Range. Moreover, this solution enables the introduction of gain in the filter, relaxing gain, power, and bandwidth requirements of the following stages in cascade structure. A filter prototype is realized in 28 nm CMOS, consuming 309 µW from 1.1 V and performing -6 dBm in-band Input IP3 at 20 dB passband gain.

This paper presents a dual-mode, multi-bit, second-order oversampling ADC, which can be configured into Sigma-Delta (SD) mode or Incremental (I) mode for interfacing a single or multiple sensors in multi-sensor platforms for automotive applications. Implemented in a 130-nm CMOS technology, the proposed ADC uses only 0.4 µm devices and operates at 2.5-V supply in order to be connected to high-voltage sensors, at the cost of intrinsic lower efficiency. The device achieves a maximum SNDR of 63.0 dB and 56.4 dB in the two modes, respectively, with a bandwidth of 2.1 MHz. By reducing the bandwidth to 1.25 MHz in SD-mode a SNR of 73.2 dB is achieved. In both operating modes, the ADC is clocked at 80 MHz, consuming 2.6 mA.