Search

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the basal nuclei, causing impairment of motor and cognitive functions. Loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons or their degeneration and the aggregation of Lewy bodies is the hallmark of this disease. The medications used to treat PD relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life, but currently, there is no cure. There is a need for the development of therapies that can cease or perhaps reverse neurodegeneration effectively. With the rapid advancements in cell replacement therapy techniques, medical professionals are trying to find a cure by which restoration of dopamine neurotransmitters can occur. Researchers have started focusing on cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their abundance in the body, the ability of proliferation, and immunomodulation. Here we review the MSC-based treatment in Parkinson's disease and the various mechanisms it repairs DAergic neurons in parkinsonian patients.

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of the underdeveloped brain. Although the aetiology of autism remains unclear, disturbance of neuronglia interactions has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD. In recent years, the contribution of glial cells to autism has been overlooked. In addition to neurons, glial cells play an essential role in mental activities, and a new strategy that emphasises neuron-glia interactions should be applied. Disturbance of neuron-glia connections has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD because aberrant neuronal network formation and dysfunctional neurotransmission are fundamental to the pathology of the condition. In ASD, neuron and glial cell number changes cause brain circuits to malfunction and impact behaviour. A study revealed that reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Recent discoveries also suggest that dysfunction or changes in the ability of microglia to carry out physiological and defensive functions (such as failure in synaptic elimination or aberrant microglial activation) may be crucial for developing brain diseases, especially autism. The cerebellum, white matter, and cortical regions of autistic patients showed significant microglial activation. Reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions. Replacement of defective glial cells (Cell-replacement treatment), glial progenitor cell-based therapy, and medication therapy (inhibition of microglia activation) are all utilised to treat glial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of glial cells in ASD and the various potential approaches to treating glial cell dysfunction.

Background: Perioperative pain is an outcome of inflammation produced by tissue trauma or direct nerve injury. Approximately 70% of patients suffer from moderate to severe pain during the perioperative period. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of NSAIDs with opioids and NSAIDs with TCAs in the perioperative pain management of orthopedic patients. Method: This was a prospective observational study conducted for six months at the Inpatient Unit Department of Orthopedics of tertiary care Hospital. The participants were randomly divided into two groups each consisting of 40 patients. Group I treated with opioids and Group II treated with TCAs. The pain intensity of perioperative patients was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Pain outcome was evaluated using the pain outcome questionnaire (POQ). Results: A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this study, of which 54% were males and 46% were females. No significant differences in gender and age were observed between two groups (P>0.05). Each group have shown notable improvement in the pain outcome. Both the study groups have disclosed similar levels of patient satisfaction. Combination regimen proved to be more efficacious in both groups compared to individual regimen (p

UnhasCooperative UKM is a student activity unit engaged in the field of entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial activity of Unhas Cooperative UKM students provides opportunities for students who have an interest in entrepreneurship to create business activities through analysis of market needs and opportunities. However, the entrepreneurship activities of the Unhas Cooperative UKM are still considered to be ineffective in their marketing system because the method used is still applying the conventional system, namely only through social media so that it has not been able to maximize its entrepreneurial potential. Departing from these problems, a web-based e-commerce was created entitled "Kopma Sale: Designing web-based e-commerce to support entrepreneurial activities" Unhas cooperative ukm. The development of web-based e-commerce has advantages in terms of marketing because of a wider network reach and can describe the products being sold in detail and is able to actively interact with the market. This website is expected to be able to support and increase the entrepreneurial activities of Unhas cooperative SMEs. The method used in this research is a literature-based qualitative method, by involving participants to dig up information relevant to research with the aim of producing website pages that can be developed according to the needs of Unhas cooperative SMEs. This website is designed using the waterfall model SDLC. The results of the research are in the form of a "kopma sale" website which is expected to be utilized in the entrepreneurship activities of Unhas cooperative SMEs.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a contagious disease which begins with flu-like symptoms. COVID-19 arose in China and it rapidly spread throughout the globe, leading to a pandemic. For many, it was noticed that the infection started with fever, cough and finally leading to pneumonia. It is very necessary to differentiate between covid pneumonia and general pneumonia for appropriate treatment. Chest X-ray readings are useful for radiologists to identify the severity of infection. While computerising this mechanism, deep learning techniques are found to be very useful in extracting relevant features from medical images. This can help in differentiating pneumonia, COVID19 pneumonia and x-rays of a healthy person. Computer aided methods for identifying the presence of pneumonia can help health providers to a great extent for quick diagnosis. The X-ray’s gathered from freely available datasets are used in this work to propose an architecture for categorising X-ray’s into pneumonia and covid pneumonia.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is known to result in endocrine dysfunction (prediabetes, diabetes). The objective of this study was to determine the temporal incidence of endocrine dysfunction after onset of AP and determine the risk factors in Indian patients.In this prospective study, enrolled patients diagnosed with AP between February 2019 and May 2019 were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months until May 2020. Patients with recurrent AP, chronic pancreatitis, and pre-existing endocrine dysfunction were excluded. Demographic and disease severity (clinical, laboratory, and radiological) data were recorded. Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests were used to compare groups. Temporal trend for development of endocrine dysfunction was evaluated using the Extended Mantel Haenszel Chi-square test for trend. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors.Eighty-six patients (males 66, median [IQR] age 33.0 [26.0-44.2] years) who fulfilled enrolment criteria were finally analyzed. The most common etiology was alcohol (n=31 [36%]) followed by gallstones (n=17 [19.8%]). The proportion of patients with moderately severe acute pancreatitis and severe AP were 59.3% and 15.1%, respectively. Overall, the frequency of prediabetes and diabetes increased temporally across the follow-up period. These were 2 (2.33%) and 1 (1.16%) at 3 months, 11 (12.8%) and 5 (5.81%) at 6 months, and 20 (23.2%) and 9 (10.5%) at 1 year, respectively. On multivariable logistic regression, intervention for walled-off necrosis (WON) emerged as the single independent risk factor for endocrine dysfunction (odds ratio 9.01 [2.3-35.5]; p=0.002).Endocrine dysfunction is frequent after an episode of AP. Intervention for WON is an independent risk factor for endocrine dysfunction.

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell gene therapy (HSPC-GT) has shown clear neurological benefit in rare diseases, which is achieved through the engraftment of genetically modified microglia-like cells (MLCs) in the brain. Still, the engraftment dynamics and the nature of engineered MLCs, as well as their potential use in common neurogenerative diseases, have remained largely unexplored. Here, we comprehensively characterized how different routes of administration affect the biodistribution of genetically engineered MLCs and other HSPC derivatives in mice. We generated a high-resolution single-cell transcriptional map of MLCs and discovered that they could clearly be distinguished from macrophages as well as from resident microglia by the expression of a specific gene signature that is reflective of their HSPC ontogeny and irrespective of their long-term engraftment history. Lastly, using murine models of Parkinson's disease and frontotemporal dementia, we demonstrated that MLCs can deliver therapeutically relevant levels of transgenic protein to the brain, thereby opening avenues for the clinical translation of HSPC-GT to the treatment of major neurological diseases.

This review aims to discuss recent developments in the nutritional management in chronic pancreatitis.Nutritional assessment should be comprehensive and include dietary history, anthropometry, and biochemical nutritional parameters. Micronutrients should be evaluated at least yearly and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at every 2-yearly intervals. Studies on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) have primarily evaluated coefficient of fat excretion (CFA), coefficient of nitrogen excretion (CNA), and stool weight. Two RCTs, in which patients were treated with PERT for 7 days in a blinded manner and subsequently extended for 6-12 months in an open-label manner, showed improvement in nutritional parameters. However, two subsequent RCTs failed to show any benefit, and the most recent observational study demonstrated persistence of malnutrition even after PERT. The reason for the latter findings were nonadherence to PERT and poor oral intake of calories. Therefore, it is essential to educate the patients on adherence, counsel on taking high-protein, high-calorie diet, and supplement nutrients in those with inadequate oral intake. Other associated manifestations, such as diabetes and related complications, and anxiety/depression could also contribute to malnutrition directly or indirectly, and should, therefore, be adequately managed.Nutritional assessment should be performed meticulously. Nutritional therapy should not be restricted to only PERT and nutritional supplementation, but should also include dietary counselling and disease related education.

This article examines research outputs of several scientists on the shadow economy and makes some clarifications on the classification of it. The authors of this article think that with the help of accurate classification, the government can make correct decisions on controlling the shadow economy rate.

Purpose: To nd the most accurate IOL power calculation formula in predicting the post-operative refractive error in various axial length subsets by comparing four formulas viz SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q. A prospective, com Materials and Methods: parative study was conducted at Gandhi Medical College and Hospital and Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital. Study group consisted of subjects undergoing phacoemulsication with intraocular lens implantation. IOL powers were calculated for each group with SRK II, SRK/T, Hoffer Q and Holladay I. The predicted postoperative spherical equivalent (PSE) for the chosen IOL power was noted for each formula. The predictive accuracy of each formula in each group was analyzed by comparing the difference between the actual postoperatively measured Spherical Equivalent (SE) and the preoperatively Predicted Spherical Equivalent (PSE) as Estimation Error (E). The absolute error (AE) was dened as the absolute value of E. Results: 130 eyes were included in the study which were divided into 3 groups. The mean Absolute Error (±SD) for SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q was 0.87 ± 0.69, 0.96 ± 0.79, 1.1 ± 0.88 and 1.18 ± 0.94, respectively. The Hoffer Q formula had statistically signicant higher mean Absolute Error in comparison to SRK II (p < 0.02). There was no statistically signicant difference in mean Absolute Error of SRK II, SRK/T and Holladay 1. SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q were equally accurate in pre Conclusion: dicting the postoperative refraction group A and group C. Hoffer Q was the least accurate in group B.

The development of tooth is a highly complex procedure and mastered by specific genetic programs. Genetic alterations, environmental factors, and developmental timing can disturb the execution of these programs, and result in various dental anomalies like hypodontia/oligodontia, and supernumerary teeth, which are commonly seen in our clinical practice. Advances in molecular research enabled the identification of various genes involved in the pathogenesis of dental anomalies. In the near future, it will help provide a more accurate diagnosis and biological-based treatment for these anomalies. In this article, we present the molecular phenomenon of tooth development and the genetics of various dental anomalies.

The local groups retain traditional wisdom that has been passed down through the years. There are 538 mandals and 130 municipalities in Telangana State.In Telangana State Biodiversity Board (TSBB), has established Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) in all villages. In People Biodiversity Registers (PBR), locals and technical support organizations document native biodiversity and bio-resources. The village resources, including its socioeconomic, historical, and cultural aspects as well as its natural habitats, are documented by the Biodiversity Management Committee. These habitats include lakes, springs, rare ecological habitat versatility, agro-physiological ecological systems, and ancient distinctive hydrogeological structures made possible by regional methods for managing surface water. The research study of Variguntham village in Telangana, where locals have recorded the bioresources is covered in the article. As a result of the PBR documentation procedure, there are new species identified in communities and agricultural biodiversity. Through PBR four categories have been documented, including 31 type of crops species, 13 type of weeds, 4 types of fruit plants and 13 types of a crop pest. TSBB endeavours to promote historically farmed rice types by giving them a brand identity and recreating ancient customs, etc.

The current study intends to find out the efficacy of Orlistat in the management of hyperlipidemia, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Body Mass Index (BMI).This retrospective study has evaluated the lipid profiles of the patients, who have been using metformin therapy for Type 2 diabetes. The study has obtained data regarding the parameters like triglyceride, Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL ratio, systolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI). Random distribution of patients was done into placebo and Orlistat groups. The placebo group received only metformin, and patients in the Orlistat group received Orlistat along with metformin. After 24 weeks, the follow-up study was done, and statistical analysis was conducted.The study found that the Orlistat group has significant improvement (p0.05) more improvement in LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Total cholesterol, LDL/HDL Ratio and Triglycerides, while BMI and systolic blood pressure did not show a significant difference between placebo and Orlistat group.This study has concluded that Orlistat can be used for significant improvement in lipid profile. The study also found that Orlistat may not have a significant effect on reducing BMI and blood pressure without adequate lifestyle modification.

Aims: To present the awareness and attitude towards measles vaccination among the population of Hai’l region in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 and received 469 samples from the residents of the Hai’l province. The convenient sampling technique was used to collect data through questionnaire sent by emails to participants. Results: The prevalence of measles in Hai’l region was 7.8% and 96.1% of the population has been vaccinated. About 46% of the population did not know what caused measles, whereas, 37% knew it was a viral disease. About 85.5% believed vaccination is best method to prevent measles and 45.5% of population think that vaccine is the treatment for measles. And, 64.6% think the agencies do good work in promoting measles awareness. Conclusion: The prevalence of measles in Hai’l province of Saudi Arabia is low with almost all vaccinated. The knowledge and awareness about measles is adequate. The study suggests that the surveillance, monitoring as well as educational and awareness programs needs more attention.

Millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) employs a lens antenna array for minimizing the radio frequency (RF) chains count, yet it remains as a challenge since the RF chain count is lesser when compared to the antennas. The beamspace channel estimation is defined as a sparse signal recovery problem through the exploitation of sparsity of beamspace channels. In the case of multi-user millimeter wave (mmWave) MIMO-OFDM systems, the critical task to lessen the cost as well as the complexity is the hybrid precoding attaining an adequate sum-rate. The conventional approaches related to the hybrid precoding works on the basis of the greedy or optimization techniques. These techniques suffer from higher complexity or contain sub-optimum performance. The main intent of this paper is to plan for the adaptive deep learning strategy for sparse channel estimation and hybrid precoding in millimeter-wave massive MIMO-OFDM communication system. The proposed methodology covers two main phases (a) uplink channel estimation, and (b) hybrid precoding for downlink data transmission. In the first phase, an adaptive deep neural network (ADNN) is used for performing the uplink channel estimation. Here, the benchmark dataset is used for training the information to be predicted at base station regarding the channel. Here, the ADNN-based channel estimation covers both channel amplitude estimation and channel reconstruction. Once the channel reconstruction is done, hybrid pre-coding performs the downlink data transmission that involves both digital and analog pre-coders. Here, the adaptive long short term memory (ALSTM) is used for performing the hybrid pre-coding, in which the estimated channel vectors is used for training. For both sparse channel estimation and hybrid-precoding, the trial-based red deer algorithm (T-RDA) is used for improvising the ADNN and ALSTM, in which it optimizes or tunes the training hidden neurons. The main objective of tuning the hidden neurons in both phases of T-RDA is to maximize the accuracy. When SNR equals 15 dB, the NMSE of the T-RDA-ADNN is 40%, 25%, 37.5%, and 34.78% improved than RDA-ADNN, SFO-ADNN, GWO-ADNN, and PSO-ADNN for channel estimation. Similarly, at SNR 20 dB, the spectral efficiency of T-RDA-ADNN is 37.5%, 43.48%, 22.22%, and 94.12% advanced than RDA-ADNN, SFO-ADNN, GWO-ADNN, and PSO-ADNN for hybrid precoding. Thus, the simulation outcomes show that the developed sparse channel estimation and hybrid pre-coding in mmWave massive MIMO-OFDM communication system has attained lesser error and high spectral efficiency when differentiated over the existing approaches.

Background: Triphala, which is a combination of fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Embilica officinalis generally recommended as herbal drug formulation in the Indian traditional medicine system. Study Design: To study the in-silico inhibitory potential of Triphala constituents against cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) for the prevention of Thioacetamide-induced Hepatotoxicity Place and Duration of Study: The work has been performed at MUP's College of Pharmacy (B Pharm), Degaon, Risod, Washim, Maharashtra, India in between February 2021 to May 2021. Methodology: We have studied the inhibitory potential of Triphala on CYP2E1 by applying molecular docking tools. The major chemical constituents of Triphala i.e. gallic acid, chebulic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid, and ascorbic acid were docked on CYP2E1. Results: Docking results revealed the very good inhibitory potential of Triphala in terms of binding affinity towards CYP2E1. All the chemical constituents have formed at least 2 and at most 6 hydrogen bonds with the crystal structure of CYP2E1. The binding energies (kcal/mol) of gallic acid, chebulic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid, and ascorbic acid are -6.1, -7.1, -9.1, -8.3, -6.3, and -5.7, respectively. Ellagic acid has formed strong hydrogen bonds with Thr-303 and Thr-304 with bond length of 1.98 A0 and 2.26 A0 which confirms the excellent inhibition of CYP2E1. Conclusion: These findings can be used to control the CYP2E1-facilitated biotransformation and drug interactions in the development of new chemical entities. In future, these phytoconstituents can be used as lead molecules to overcome the cancer associated with oxidative stress resulting from the hyperactivity of CYP2E1.

The aim of the study is to design N5-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3H-benzo[d]imidazole-2,5-diamine derivatives and evaluate its anti-obesity activity.A few pyrazole-fused benzimidazole derivatives were designed as potential Pancreatic Lipase (PL) inhibitors. The designed N5-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3H-benzo[d]imidazole-2,5-diamine derivatives have been screened using the Lipinski rule of five, ADMET analysis, acute toxicity prediction, and molecular docking. Later on, the derivatives which possess the most drug-likeness properties and displayed the most potent inhibition of the enzyme in molecular docking were synthesized. Then, in vitro enzyme assay was performed.Orlistat used as the standard exhibited 91±1.68% inhibition of the enzyme, displayed binding affinity (BA) of only -4.5 kcal/mol with Pancreatic Lipase (PL), and made only one salt bridge attractive charge and carbon-hydrogen bond with ASP79 and TRP252, respectively. Compound 9 displayed the most potent activity (93±1.12% inhibition of P.L. and -9.5 kcal/mol BA). It has formed five conventional H- bonds with GLU253, ILE78, ASP79, PHE258, and one Pi-donor H- bond with ILE78. From the present investigation, we hereby reported (E)-N2-((naphthalene-1-yl)methylene)-N5-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3H-benzo[d]imidazole-2,5-diamine as most potent PL inhibitor for the treatment of obesity, which can be further optimized by undergoing more studies using in vivo and in vitro models.(E)-N2-((naphthalene-1-yl)methylene)-N5-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3H-benzo[d]imidazole-2,5-diamine as most potent PL inhibitor for the treatment of obesity which can be further optimized better using more in vivo and in vitro models. PL plays a critical role in digesting dietary fat. Therefore, PL inhibitors are verified as a potential therapy for treating obesity.

The aim of the study was to analyze if there was a link between chronic diseases, like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoarthritis (OA), and obesity in the population of Saudi Arabia's Hail region.The study was conducted over 12 months using an observational cross-sectional survey on 172 patients from five clinics in Hail, Saudi Arabia. A total of 172 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) finally participated in this research. The study evaluated sociodemographic variables via an electronic questionnaire with voluntary participation.The study found a 76% prevalence of joint pain and 77.9% prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities. Patients with CVD were older (58±23 vs. 56±12 years) than those with OA. CVD cases were found in 42 (31.3%) males and 92 (68.7%) females, whereas OA cases were recognized in 24 (18.5%) males and 106 (81.5%) females. The occurrence of various CVDs among our participants was 43 (32%) for high cholesterol, 64 (48%) for hypertension, and 27 for both high cholesterol and hypertension (20%). Definite osteophytes were found in 28 of 24 male knees (14 right and 14 left knees) and 175 of 106 female knees (88 right knees and 87 left knees).The prevalence of obesity in the Hail region has continued to be a risk factor for CVD and OA in 2019 and 2020. The Saudi population has shown a higher prevalence of radiographic evidence of OA of the knee and associated symptoms than western civilizations, and preventive interventions are desperately needed in order to minimize overweight and obesity.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is one of the most belligerent types of breast cancer. While various modalities exist in managing/treating IBC, drug delivery using microneedles (MNs) is considered to be the most innovative method of localized delivery of anti-cancer agents. Localized drug delivery helps to treat IBC could limit their adverse reactions. MNs are nothing but small needle like structures that cause little or no pain at the site of administration for drug delivery via layers of the skin. The polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) based MNs were fabricated by using three dimensional (3D) technology called Projection Micro-Stereo Lithography (PµSL). The fabricated microneedle patches (MNPs) were characterized and coated with a coating formulation comprising of gemcitabine and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose by a novel and inventive screen plate method. The drug coated MNPs were characterized by various instrumental methods of analysis and release profile studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cell. Coat-and-poke strategy was employed in administering the drug coated MNPs. Overall, the methods employed in the present study not only help in obtaining MNPs with accurate dimensions but also help in obtaining uniformly drug coated MNPs of gemcitabine for treatment of IBC. Most importantly, 100% drug release was achieved within the first one hour only.

The aim of the study was to analytically compare the therapeutic effect of the addition of diet modification and regular exercise to oral agents.This cross-sectional study surveyed 1248 participants via online and offline modes by employing a questionnaire about an individual's management of diabetes. Group 1 patients follow Single Approach Management for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), while Group 2 and Group 3 patients follow Multi-Approach Management for T2DM. Based on the answers, the participants were classified into three groups. The diagnostic criteria of Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 in this study were done by determining morning Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c).The current study found 656 single oral agent users and 592 combination regimens users among all the study participants. The study also found that, among all participants, 511 patients were on mild to moderate diet modification while 325 patients were on moderate to severe diet modification. The study also noted that 232 males and 215 females took Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM). Of 447 patients, 12 showed menstrual abnormalities (2.6%), and 18 had mild diarrhoea (4%). The study also found that there is a vital significance of lowering FBS and HbA1c with the management strategies (p=0.000). The study showed a strong association between group 3 and improved FBS and HbA1c (p=0.000).This study reveals that diet modification and regular exercise improve FBS and HbA1c levels significantly. Hence, diet modification and exercise can be added as adjuvants and should be incorporated into the management guidelines of T2DM.

A pot experiment was carried out to study physiological and yield attributes of tomato by foliar spray of L-methionine (Met) and L-phenylalanine (Phe) under saline stress (0, 4, and 6 dS/m). The tomato plants were sprayed with Met (0.01% and 0.02%), Phe (0.01% and 0.02%), and their combinations (0.01% Met + 0.01% Phe and 0.02% Met + 0.02% Phe) at the vegetative growth stage. The results showed that 0.02% Met concentration significantly improved all the growth and yield parameters like shoot length by 25.7%, plant fresh biomass by 66.89%, fruit weight by 67.26%, dry biomass by 37%, and the number of fruits by 82% under 6 dS/m stress condition. Plants sprayed with 0.02% Met + 0.02% Phe displayed higher carotenoid contents (30%), total carbohydrates (threefold), total free amino acids (53%), and proline contents (82%) compared to only salt-treated plants. Also, the combined application of both amino acids reduced the lipid peroxidation rate in a range of 54–57% and electrolyte leakage by 62% compared to salinity alone. The antioxidative activity of peroxidase and catalase was decreased by foliar application under salinity. These results suggest that foliar application of Met and Phe effectively alleviated the harmful effects of salinity on the growth and yield of tomato plants by enhancing the plasma membrane stability, increased osmolytes contents, and activity of antioxidative enzymes. Thus, the foliar spray of methionine can induce salt resistance and increase tomato yield.

Objective:The primary objective of the study is todetermine whether the addition of H-ISDN to conventional therapy improves the cardiovascular outcomes and also to assess both short term(1 and 3 months) and long term outcomes(1 year). Materials and Methods:This is a prospective observational study.A total of 82 acute heart failure patients with renal impairment were divided into two groups based on exposure to H-ISDNGroup I-Patients on H-ISDN plus conventional therapyGroup II-Patients on conventional therapy. Followup of all the subjects to study the outcomes of improvement in NYHA class,rehospitalisation and mortality rate at 1 month,3 months and 1 year was done for both the groups. Results:We observed that out of the 82 acute heart failure patients with renal impairment,43 patients were receiving H-ISDN in addition to conventional therapy(Group I) and 39 patients were receiving conventional therapy(Group II) .The length of stay(6.03± 2.906 vs 6.93± 3.845) was shorter in the treated group when compared to the non treated group.A greater difference in reduced hospitalisation was seen at 3 months(2.32% vs 12.82%).The treated group had higher improvement in NYHA class at 1 month(67.44% vs 46.15%), 3 months(51.16% vs 41.02%) and 1 year (44.18% vs 20.51%P=0.023). Conclusion:Acute heart failure patients with renal impairment have poor prognosis. Randomised controlled trials are required to validate if the use of H-ISDN is associated with better outcomes in AHF patients.

Patients must take significant doses of drugs to acquire the therapeutic effects required for disease therapy due to the absence of selectivity and accessibility of medicinal molecules. Drugs contain a range of drug carriers that are available to transport therapeutic chemicals to the targeted issues in the body. Mesoporous materials are choice for overcoming the aforementioned issues and producing effects in a predictable and long-term way. Because of its chemical characteristics, thermal stability, & biocompatibility, mesophoric nanoparticles are commonly utilized as release reagents. The innovative silica mesophore technology allows for efficient drug loading and administration after the target site has been reached. The additives used to manufacture MSNs can affect the property of mesoporous materials, including pore width, porosity, drug load, and surface characteristics. The need for an active surface provides for surface treatment as well as the coupling of therapeutic substances. They are widely employed in the bio-medical industry for diagnosis, target medication administration, bio-sensing, cellular absorption, and so on. The purpose of this study is, to sum up the existing level of information about mesoporous nanomaterials and their applications in diverse healthcare sectors.

The new update in advancement in nanotechnology has engaged to develop a new nanomaterial with a different functional property. The morphology modification of nanoparticles has exhibited excellent physio-chemical properties such as high reactivity and absorption rate, photochemical and magnetic property, and larger surface area. Moreover, biomedical application of nanoparticles are yet a hard tool to use for therapeutic application owing to its limits such as Pitiable target specificity, bio-compatibility, low photostability, toxicity to organically, poor blood retention and cellular absorption. Therefore advancement in nanotechnology is required to overcome these defects. In this background, new nanomaterials are identified with suitable biological, chemical and physical properties, which suits the required demands of the application. In this mini-review, we have covered the recent focuses of nanomaterials for biomedical application.

Objective: A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Enalapril and Losartan in pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: Chromatogram was run through Phenomene x C 18 column (150x4.6mm, 5µm). Mobile phase containing Buffer: ACN:Methanol (30:5:65) pH 3.5 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. Buffer used at pH 3.5. Temperature was maintained at Ambient. Optimized wavelength for Enalapril and Losartan was 249 nm. Results: Retention time of Enalapril and Losartan were found to be 5.04 min and 9.71 min. The % purity of Enalapril and Losartan was found to be 100.03 % and 99.75 % respectively. The system suitability parameters for Enalapril and Losartan such as theoretical plates and tailing factor were found to be 4836,0.97 and 3568, 1.42. the resolution was found to be 8.0. The linearity study for Enalapril and Losartan was found in concentration range of 5μg-15 μg and 200 μg-600 μg and correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.999 and 0.999, % mean recovery was found to be 100.19 % and 100.84 %, %RSD for repeatability was 0.75 and 0.36 %. The precision study was precise, robust and repeatable. LOD value was 0.08 and 0.25, and LOQ value was 1.08 and 0.35 respectively Conclusion: The results of study showed that the proposed RP‐HPLC method is a simple, accurate, precise, rugged, robust, fast and reproducible, which may be useful for the routine estimation of Enalapril and Losartan in pharmaceutical dosage form. Keywords: Enalapril, Losartan, RP‐HPLC, Simultaneous estimation.

Aim: To design, synthesize and perform computational study on a few Novel pyrazol-3-one derivatives. Study design: Experimental study. Methodology: A series of 6-aryl substituted pyrimidine azodyes were synthesized by coupling phenyl pyrimidine 2-amine with different aromatic amines. The synthetic compounds were screened for their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The Computational study of designed compounds was done by OCHEM, Molinspiration cheminformatics, Datawarrior, and Swiss ADME. DPPH assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity and heat hemolysis method for anti-inflammatory activity. Results: Molinspiration, Data Warrior, Ochem which are helpful to predict molecule general properties, bioactive scores, toxicity, and drug-likeness. Data Warrior results inferred that the compounds possess moderately active towards mutagenic (compound 2, 11), reproductive (compound 6, 7, 8), and highly active towards Tumorogenic (compound 2) toxicities. OCHEM results showed that most of the synthesized compounds were found to be non-inhibitors of all the subtypes of cytochrome P450 except compound 8. All compounds under this study were effective scavengers of free radicals except the compounds 1, 2, 6, 10. Invitro Anti-inflammatory studies have shown that the compounds (6, 7, 8, 9, 13) active toward heat hemolysis. Conclusion: The synthesized compounds were comprehensively studied and targets were identified rendering them as lead molecules for further development of newer agents with greater efficacy and safety.

Newer antibacterial agents are needed to combat the growing bacterial infections. Triazoles are one of the leading and most sought out nucleus amongst the heterocyclic rings in the drug world. 1, 2, 3-Triazoles are synthesized by Click Chemistry of alkynes with azides. A synergistic effect is observed when the triazoles are combined with other heterocycles. They also exhibit diversified therapeutic activities like anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-tubercular, anti-inflam-matory, antihypertensive etc which makes Triazoles an interesting molecule for the researchers to work on. In the current study, we combined 1,2, 3-triazoles with thiophene ring system to get synergistic antibacterial activity. Here, 12 derivatives of 4, 5-substituted-1, 2, 3-Triazoles were subjected to in silico docking studies on Biotin ligase protein (PDB ID: 3V7R). The compounds that showed the best results were synthesized. The newly synthesized derivatives were characterized by using IR, H1 NMR and Mass spectrum. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aerugenosa) and gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus). The compounds showed moderate to good activity, which was comparable to that of the standard Streptomycin drug.

The heterogeneous ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin (MB) are becoming sensitive to water stress. To investigate the climatic stress, a water budget study was conducted over the basin using TerraClimate simulations for a long temporal range (1990–2020). According to the budget accounting, forested regions received the highest precipitation (P) on average compared to other land use types (annual mean ≈633 mm yr−1), and even then, they were in a water deficit state (−0.42 mm yr−1). Tree plantations in North Africa (Libya and Morocco) were also in a water deficit state; however, their average P was very low (≈12 mm yr−1) compared to that of northern parts of the MB, and the average Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) was ≈15 mm yr−1. Also, the water balance in other land use systems (rain-fed, irrigated croplands, and rangelands) was either negative or near zero. As a whole, the basin’s average annual P was ≈538 mm yr−1, the annual average AET was ≈415 mm yr−1, and the runoff (Q) was equivalent to 123 mm yr−1, which shows a strong influence of ET over the region. Since runoff was negligible in most dry areas, the AET’s large contribution was notable in the North African base of the Atlas Mountains including the Nile delta region. This indicates that precipitation and evaporation are the principal mechanisms of the water balance in the MB. The result shows strong climate variability over Southern Europe, Turkey, and the western Balkans in the recent years, affecting the AET and making their land use systems more vulnerable to water stress. This benchmark study signifies the consistent need for water storage in the Mediterranean vegetation systems of the basin. It also indicates two distinct climate clusters for water balance modeling.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of malignancy among females as per the report of the World Health Organization. There are several established chemotherapeutic regimes for the clinical management of different solid cancers; however, the after-effects of these therapeutics serve as a significant limiting factor. The natural triterpenoid compound, gedunin is one of the principal phytoconstituent found in Azadirachta indica. In this study, we have investigated the anticancer potential of gedunin against human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Based on computational studies, gedunin exhibited significantly higher binding affinity of −7.1 and −6.2 Kcal/mol towards Janus kinase (JAK) and STAT proteins, respectively. Further, the anticancer potential of gedunin against human breast cancer was studied using hormone-independent and -dependent MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. The results indicated that gedunin inhibited the growth and multiplication of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The nuclear fragmentation and ROS were qualitatively enhanced in the treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in comparison to untreated cells. The caspase-3 level was significantly enhanced with a concomitant decline in JAK1 and STAT3 mRNA expression. Based on these results, gedunin might be considered as a potential therapeutic lead against hormone-dependent and -independent breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. However, further detailed mechanistic studies are warranted to conclusively establish the anti-breast cancer effects.

Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia. Carotenoids, often known as “CTs”, are pigments that exist naturally and play a vital role in the prevention of several brain illnesses. CTs are organic pigments with major significance in ND prevention. More than 600 CTs have been discovered in nature, and they may be found in a wide variety of creatures. Different forms of CTs are responsible for the red, yellow, and orange pigments seen in many animals and plants. Because of their unique structure, CTs exhibit a wide range of bioactive effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The preventive effects of CTs have led researchers to find a strong correlation between CT levels in the body and the avoidance and treatment of several ailments, including NDs. To further understand the connection between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs, a literature review has been compiled. In addition, we have focused on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CTs for the treatment and management of NDs.

Transdermal administration of drug is generally limited by the barrier function of the skin vascular system are one of the most controversial method for transdermal delivery of active substance. transdermal drug delivery system is designed to deliver biological active agents through the skin, principally by diffusion for local internal if not systemic effects. The transdermal delivery system was relaunched after the discovery of elastic vesicles like transfersome, ethosome, cubosome, phytosome etc. Transfersomes are a form of elastic or deformable vesicle, which were introduced in the early 1990s. Elasticity is generated by incorporation of edge activator in lipid bilayer structure. Drug absorbed and distributed into organs and tissue and eliminated from the body it must pass through one or more biological membranes at various locations such movement of drug across the membrane is called as drug transport for the drug delivery to cross the body it should pass through the membrane barrier. This concept of drug delivery system was designed in attempt to concentrate the amount of drug in the remaining drug; therefore, the phospholipid-based carrier system is of considerable interest in the era.

Background RCTs that have shown improvement in coefficient of fat absorption with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) have seldom evaluated the impact on overall nutritional status. Objective In this study we evaluated factors responsible for persistence of malnutrition after PERT. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, patients were enrolled based on predefined enrolment criteria. Patients were divided into those taking PERT regularly (Group A), irregularly (Group B) and not taking (Group C) for at least 3 months. Comprehensive evaluation of anthropometric measurements, nutritional assessment and dietary intake was performed. Malnutrition was measured using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool. Relationship between PERT status, dietary intake and nutritional status were evaluated using standard statistical methods. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with persistence of malnutrition after PERT. Results 377 patients with CP and 50 controls were included. 95 (25.2%) patients with CP were in Group A, 106 (28.1%) in Group B and 176 (46.7%) in Group C. 130 (34.5%) patients were malnourished, of which 76 (58.5%) were continuing PERT. There were no differences in clinical and biochemical nutritional markers between Groups A, B, and C. Calorie deficit and daily intake of calorie, protein, carbohydrates and fats were not different between those with and without PERT, but was significantly less in those with malnutrition. Logistic regression demonstrated inadequate dietary intake as independent risk factor for persistence of malnutrition. Conclusion Even though PERT is effective in PEI, comprehensive nutritional assessment, personalized nutritional counselling and therapy along with PERT is mandatory.