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As standard microelectronic technology approaches fundamental limitations in speed and power consumption, novel computing strategies are strongly needed. Analog optical computing enables processing large amounts of data at a negligible energy cost and high speeds. Based on these principles, ultrathin optical metasurfaces have been recently explored to process large images in real-time, in particular for edge detection. By incorporating feedback, it has also been recently shown that metamaterials can be tailored to solve complex mathematical problems in the analog domain, although these efforts have so far been limited to guided-wave systems and bulky setups. Here, we present an ultrathin Si metasurface-based platform for analog computing that is able to solve Fredholm integral equations of the second kind using free-space visible radiation. A Si-based metagrating was inverse-designed to implement the scattering matrix synthesizing a prescribed Kernel corresponding to the mathematical problem of interest. Next, a semi-transparent mirror was incorporated into the sample to provide adequate feedback and thus perform the required Neumann series, solving the corresponding equation in the analog domain at the speed of light. Visible wavelength operation enables a highly compact, ultrathin device that can be interrogated from free-space, implying high processing speeds and the possibility of on-chip integration. more...

The traditional focus in the moral decision-making literature has been on understanding when and why people choose a utilitarian option versus a deontological option. However, we suggest that when deciding between these two options, people prefer a third option: to seek out others' advice-which raises the question, what advice do people give others who are faced with a moral dilemma? In a meta-analysis of responses to 50 unique moral dilemmas, furnished by undergraduates, online panelists, and passers-by, we compared 8,696 self-choice responses (from participants who decided what option they choose) with 8,548 advisor responses (from participants who recommended what option others should choose). We found that when advising others, participants favored deontological options more, recommending these options over the more utilitarian options that participants chose for themselves ( more...

Personal tutoring is renowned for the positive role it can play in supporting student satisfaction, engagement and attainment outcomes in higher education. Surprisingly though, few studies have specifically investigated the demands of this role from the perspective of the personal tutor. Through the theoretical lens of Role Theory, this study explored university tutors’ experiences of their personal tutoring role within a sport educational setting at a United Kingdom university. All data was collected through face-to-face semi structured qualitative interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Key findings were the negative impact of personal tutoring on participants role multiplicity, intra-role accumulation and role identity. Most participants viewed the role as being time consuming, emotionally challenging and one they would prefer not to undertake (role multiplicity), feeling under qualified and ill-equipped in assisting their tutees because of the increasingly serious and complex nature of non-academic related issues presented (intra-role accumulation). Several lacked confidence and interest in the role, finding it to be stressful and instead favouring greater research responsibilities within their workloads (role identity). The collective findings provide academic colleagues and senior university management teams with evidence to inform future institutional policies and practices. This will help ensure personal tutors working across multiple disciplines and academic levels fully understand what the role is, the demands they are likely to encounter, the continued professional development required to facilitate and support the role and how the role should be better recognised in academic promotion criteria. Study limitations and future research avenues are discussed. more...

Lead-halide perovskites offer excellent properties for lighting and display applications. Nanopatterning perovskite films could enable perovskite-based devices with designer properties, increasing their performance and adding novel functionalities. We demonstrate the potential of nanopatterning for achieving light emission of a perovskite film into a specific angular range by introducing periodic sol-gel structures between the injection and emissive layer by using substrate conformal imprint lithography (SCIL). Structural and optical characterization reveals that the emission is funnelled into a well-defined angular range by optical resonances, while the emission wavelength and the structural properties of the perovskite film are preserved. The results demonstrate a flexible and scalable approach to the patterning of perovskite layers, paving the way toward perovskite LEDs with designer angular emission patterns. more...

A series of controlled studies found that consumers counter-normatively prefer something nearly complete over something complete. We call this phenomenon the “one-away effect” because we find that when consumers are, for example, one stamp away from completing a punch card loyalty program, they value the card more than a completed card. This is because their valuation of the one-away card is influenced by their anticipation of merely completing the card, which generates its own utility, apart from the card’s end-reward (a free coffee). To wit, the prospective utility of performing the final action that fulfills completion increases consumers’ valuation of the one-away card. Our findings suggest that consumers are motivated to complete goals, tasks, and sets not only to obtain their end-rewards, but also because merely completing things is intrinsically motivating and can be a goal in and of itself. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the one-away effect, as well as the general notion of mere completion. more...

Legend: CIN=cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (grade 3 or higher); HPV=human papillomavirus; BMD=borderline/mild dyskaryosis.

Supplementary Figure S1. Cumulative incidence curves for CIN3+ of (A) women invited for the first time (29-33 years) and (B) older women (>34 years).

Emotions and emotion regulation within athletic populations have been explored and examined by researchers and practitioners for many years. However, no research within the field of sport psychology has utilised a quantifiable measure of sportspeople’s tendency to use, and perceived efficacy of, interpersonal strategies (i.e., regulating one’s own emotions via social interactions). The present study, therefore, aimed to examine the Interpersonal Regulation Questionnaire (IRQ; Williams et al. [2018]. Interpersonal emotion regulation: Implications for affiliation, perceived support, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000132) for use within sporting contexts. Two hundred and sixty-two sportspeople completed the IRQ along with measures of perceived social support, life satisfaction, and mental toughness. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the IRQ to have good model fit to its 4-factor structure and good internal reliability. IRQ scores were associated with greater perceived availability of social support and subjective wellbeing. However, IRQ scores did not correlate with self-reported mental toughness. These results provided support for use of the IRQ as a measure for sportspeople’s trait level of interpersonal emotion regulation. more...

The Lord's Supper is a sacred ecclesiastical ceremony and this is the example set by Jesus. The Holy Communion is a symbol of the sacrifice Jesus made on the cross for the purpose of human salvation. The Holy Communion ceremony is not just an ecclesiastical event but has spiritual meanings such as: a memorial of God's mercy, a higher form of cleansing, a fellowship of forgiveness, is God's command, and contains God's blessing. This study uses a qualitative literature study method that describes descriptively the meaning of the Holy Communion according to the view of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the results of this study are so that everyone can better understand the meaning of the Holy Communion ceremony so that they can further build spiritual faith and understand the meaning of Jesus' sacrifice which is symbolized through the ceremony. Holy communion. more...

This project will qualitatively develop a conceptual model of esports performance.

Contains fulltext : 293665.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objective: Schools are considered an important setting for stimulating healthy weight. The current study is unique in examining effects of a multi-component school-based social network intervention on children’s body mass index z-scores (zBMI). Methods: Four schools were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: a social network intervention using influence agents focusing on water consumption, physical activity, a combination of the two, or a passive control condition. Participants included a total of 201 6- to-11-year-old children (53.7% girls; Mage = 8.51, SDage = 0.93). At baseline, 149 (76.0%) participants had a healthy weight, 29 (14.8%) had overweight and 18 (9.2%) had obesity. Results: Linear mixed effect models indicated that a multi-component school-based social network intervention targeting both water consumption and physical activity was most effective in decreasing children’s zBMI. Conclusion: This study suggests that schools can contribute to the intervention of childhood obesity - even without involving the parents - by targeting both children’s water consumption and physical activity through influential peers, but more research is needed to identify mechanisms of change. 19 februari 2023 18 p. more...

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-eur-10.1177_09697764231165203 for Governance tools for urban food system policy innovations in the Milano Urban Food Policy Pact by Daniel Polman and Giulia Bazzan in European Urban and Regional Studies more...

The current study aimed to qualitatively investigate the perceived determinants of success in professional esports athletes. Guided by the bioecological model (BronfenbrennerMorris, 2006), thematic analysis was used to explore elite esports athletes' perceptions of success determinants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven elite esports athletes. The interviews were used to investigate players' psychology when playing well, training in elite esports, and working in esports teams. Deductive and inductive analyses were conducted to capture the core themes of success in esports within the bioecological model. When playing well, elite esports athletes experienced high levels of confidence, uninterrupted focus, and flow states. Elite esport athletes use mental strategies to help regulate their emotions and remain mindful in the presence of "tilt". Furthermore, breathing techniques and tactical breaks were used when players felt nervous or when trying to "reset" from a stressful situation. When working in elite esport teams, players reported using strategies to improve team cohesion and that the biggest challenge was interpersonal disagreements. The results contribute to the growing body of literature highlighting the psychological similarities between elite esports and traditional sports athletes and serve as an index for future research into high-performance in esports. more...

Methylation of host-cell deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been proposed as a promising biomarker for triage of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women at screening. Our study aims to validate recently identified host-cell DNA methylation markers for triage in an hrHPV-positive cohort derived from primary HPV-based cervical screening in The Netherlands. Methylation markers ASCL1, LHX8, ST6GALNAC5, GHSR, ZIC1 and SST were evaluated relative to the ACTB reference gene by multiplex quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) in clinician-collected cervical samples (n = 715) from hrHPV-positive women (age 29-60 years), who were enrolled in the Dutch IMPROVE screening trial (NTR5078). Primary clinical end-point was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) or cancer (CIN3+). The single-marker and bi-marker methylation classifiers developed for CIN3 detection in a previous series of hrHPV-positive clinician-collected cervical samples were applied. The diagnostic accuracy was visualised using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and assessed through area under the ROC curve (AUC). The performance of the methylation markers to detect CIN3+ was determined using the predefined threshold calibrated at 70% clinical specificity. Individual methylation makers showed good performance for CIN3+ detection, with highest AUC for ASCL1 (0.844) and LHX8 (0.830). Combined as a bi-marker panel with predefined threshold, ASCL1/LHX8 yielded a CIN3+ sensitivity of 76.9% (70/91; 95% CI 68.3-85.6%) at a specificity of 74.5% (465/624; 95% CI 71.1-77.9%). In conclusion, our study shows that the individual host-cell DNA methylation classifiers and the bi-marker panel ASCL1/LHX8 have clinical utility for the detection of CIN3+ in hrHPV-positive women invited for routine screening. more...

The transition towards a more circular urban food system depends on large-scale changes in citizen behavior. One of these changes it the transition to plant-based protein consumption. As the complex dynamics that drive individual behavior are not well understood yet, this study applies an ecological momentary assessment to collect data of urban citizens’ protein choices in varying physical and social contexts over a period of three weeks. This study theoretically contributes to our understanding of how protein choices are driven by stable personal and varying situational factors. Practically, this study will give policymakers insights into the factors driving urban citizens’ decision-making. more...

Fouling plays a major role in the Dairy industry. Five criteria: defined flow, no circulation, real factory product, defined product temperature and defined wall temperature, are used to review articles on this topic published between 2003 and 2020. To show the effect of those criteria in experiments, a simulation model is developed. For a good experimental design to measure fouling, the use of a dairy product in a tubular heater with a known developed flow is advised. The temperature-time history of the product and the wall temperature of the heater should be recorded. Circulation of a product will increase the fouling and decrease the flow. Although none of the reviewed articles complied to all criteria, 71% of the reviewed articles met at least two criteria. If not all criteria are met, the results are of less use for the application for process lines on industrial scale. A simulated computer model can be helpful. more...

Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) has been lauded as a promising solar absorber material due to its functional properties and the abundance of zinc and phosphorous. In the last 4 decades, there has not been any significant improvement in the efficiencies of Zn3P2-based solar cells. This is vastly due to the limited understanding of how to tune its optoelectronic properties. Recently, significant progress has been made in the growth and charac-terization of the material, which has shed light on its potential. In this study, we report an energy conversion efficiency as high as 4.4% for a solar cell based on a polycrystalline Zn3P2/InP heterojunction. This device presents an open circuit voltage of 528.8 mV, 7.5% higher than the Zn3P2 homojunction record. We investigate the dominant recombination mechanisms within the film using different techniques to identify the key factors underpinning our device efficiency. In particular, we pinpoint that reduced carrier collection at the front of Zn3P2 is responsible for the reduced collection of high-energy photons. This allows us to suggest the design rules for next-generation Zn3P2-based heterojunction solar cells, which should allow us to go beyond the current con-version values. more...

This study examined fecal metabolome dynamics to gain greater functional insights into the interactions between nutrition and the activity of the developing gut microbiota in healthy term-born infants. The fecal samples used here originate from a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study that assessed the efficacy of infant formula with prebiotics and postbiotics (experimental arm) compared with a standard infant formula (control arm). A group of exclusively breast-fed term infants was used as a reference arm. First, conventional targeted physiological and microbial measurements were performed, which showed differences in fecal Bifidobacterium levels and corresponding activity (e.g., lactate levels). Next, the overall fecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbiota composition profiles showed several bacterial groups in the experimental arm to be significantly different from the control arm and mostly closer to the levels observed in the reference arm. Finally, we applied an untargeted UPLC-MS/MS approach to examine changes in the fecal metabolome. Fecal metabolome profiles showed the most distinct separation, up to 404 significantly different metabolites, between the study arms. Our data reveal that infant formula with specific prebiotics and postbiotics may trigger responses in the intestinal microbiota composition that brings the ensuing fecal metabolite profile of formula-fed infants closer toward those observed in breast-fed infants. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a clear need for establishing an infant gut metabolome reference database to translate these metabolite profile dynamics into functional and physiologically relevant responses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Untargeted metabolomics techniques can provide a ???snapshot??? of an ecosystem in response to environmental stimuli, such as nutritional interventions. Our analyses of fecal samples from infants demonstrate the potential of phenotyping by metabolomics while deciphering the complex interactions of early-life nutrition and gut microbiome development. more...

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu dalam melihat dampak kepunyaan manajerial, pemegang institusional serta modal intelektual pada kadar perusahaan berdasarkan profitabilitas perusahaan food and beverage sebagai variabel mediasi. Pendekatan yang dipakai yaitu menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data pada penelitian ini diambil berdasarkan laporan BEI periode 2015-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengujian model pertama terdapat pengaruh signifikan Kepemilikan Institusional dan Modal Intelektual pada Profitabilitas, sedangkan varabel kepemilikan manajerial tidak berdampak terhadap profitabilitas. Nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 32.9% menunjukan persamaan model pertama memiliki nilai pengaruh sebesar 32.9%. pada persamaan model kedua menunjukan varaiabel Modal pemegang institusional serta daya laba berpengaruh pada kadar perusahaan juga varaiabel modal intelektual dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak berdampak pada nilai perusahaan more...

The goal of this study is to assess the impact of ownership, institutional, and intellectual capital on firm value using food and beverage company profitability as a moderating variable. The quantitative approach was used in this study. The data in this study were derived from the IDX report for the 2015-2020 time frame. The findings revealed that the first test model had a significant effect on institutional ownership and intellectual capital on profitability, whereas managerial ownership variables had no effect. The coefficient of determination of 32.9 percent indicates that the first equation model has a 32.9 percent effect value. The equation model demonstrates that the variables institutional ownership capital and profitability have an effect on firm value, whereas intellectual capital and managerial ownership have no effect. more...

This article compares how visual design tools are used during an internship for high schoolers co-researching science journalism through infographics. Drawing on interns’ documentation of design pr... more...

The luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) offers a potential pathway for achieving low-cost, fixed-tilt light concentration. Despite decades of research, conversion efficiency for LSC modules has fallen far short of that achievable by geometric concentrators. However, recent advances in anisotropically emitting nanophotonic structures could enable a significant step forward in efficiency. Here, we employ Monte Carlo ray-trace modeling to evaluate the conversion efficiency for anisotropic luminophore emission as a function of photoluminescence quantum yield, waveguide concentration, and geometric gain. By spanning the full LSC parameter space, we define a roadmap toward high conversion efficiency. An analytical function is derived for the dark radiative current of an LSC to calculate the conversion efficiency from the ray-tracing results. We show that luminescent concentrator conversion efficiency can be increased from the current record value of 7.1-9.6% by incorporating anisotropy. We provide design parameters for optimized luminescent solar concentrators with practical geometrical gains of 10. Using luminophores with strongly anisotropic emission and high (99%) quantum yield, we conclude that conversion efficiencies beyond 28% are achievable. This analysis reveals that for high LSC performance, waveguide losses are as important as the luminophore quantum yield. more...

Passive radiative cooling is a method to dissipate excess heat from a material by the spontaneous emission of infrared thermal radiation. For a solar cell, the challenge is to enhance PRC while retaining transparency for sunlight above the bandgap. Here, we design a hexagonal array of cylinders etched into the top surface of silica solar module glass to enhance passive radiative cooling. Multipolar Mie-like resonances in the cylinders are shown to cause antireflection effects in the infrared, which results in enhanced infrared emissivity. Using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry we measure the hemispherical reflectance of the fabricated structures and find the emissivity of the silica cylinder array in good correspondence with the simulated results. The microcylinder array increases the average emissivity between λ = 7.5-16 μm from 84.3% to 97.7%, without reducing visible light transmission. more...

We design an optically resonant bulk heterojunction solar cell to study optoelectronic properties of nanostructured p-n junctions. The nanostructures yield strong light-matter interaction as well as distinct charge-carrier extraction behavior, which together improve the overall power conversion efficiency. We demonstrate high-resolution substrate conformal soft-imprint lithography technology in combination with state-of-the art ZnO nanoparticles to create a nanohole template in an electron transport layer. The nanoholes are infiltrated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) to form a nanopatterned depleted heterojunction. Optical simulations show that the absorption per unit volume in the cylindrical QD absorber layer is enhanced by 19.5% compared to a planar reference. This is achieved for a square array of QD nanopillars of 330 nm height and 320 nm diameter, with a pitch of 500 nm on top of a residual QD layer of 70 nm, surrounded by ZnO. Electronic simulations show that the patterning results in a current gain of 3.2 mA/cm more...

An increased focus on fake news and misinformation is currently emerging. But what does it mean when information is designated as "fake?" Research on deception has focused on lies of commission, in which people disclose something false as true. However, people can also lie by omission, by withholding important yet true information. In this research, we investigate when people are more likely to tell a lie of omission. In three studies, with tests among undergraduates, online sample respondents, and candidates for U.S. Senate, we found that people in a gain frame were more likely to lie by omission (vs. commission), and vice versa for a loss frame. Moreover, participants rated lies of commission in a gain frame as the least acceptable type of deception, suggesting why people may avoid telling this kind of lie. Overall, our results emphasize that from frame-to-frame, lying is not only different in degree but different in kind. more...

This paper explores the contested concept of social innovation by using the ideas of discourse and framing as a lens to explore the contested definitions of social innovation. A selection of definitions is then deconstructed in relation to these discourses and framings. It is argued that the political pressures which create interest in social innovation have resulted in a confused and contested series of definitions, which remain largely unconnected to wider debates and theories about innovation. Instead, many authors contrive an almost alchemic status for social innovation when the reality of social innovation in practice may be rather more prosaic. more...

Shoppers report that 39% of their holiday gift-purchases are for someone “picky.” However, despite the ubiquity of shopping for picky people, little research has examined how people choose gifts for picky people. In the present research, we define the “picky gift recipient” as someone perceived to have narrow and unpredictable preferences, and we show how shopping for someone picky alters gift giving behavior. We find that although gift giving norms prescribe that gift givers spend effort, time, and money on gifts to strengthen their social ties, an exception to this rule occurs when a gift recipient is picky. When shopping for someone picky, givers believe that increasing their resources on a gift will not result in greater recipient-satisfaction with the gift itself—a lay belief that ultimately demotivates givers, causing them to spend fewer resources on picky people (even picky friends). That said, we find that consumers are more willing to spend money on superficial gift-features for picky people, such as professional wrapping, to “dress up” their gifts. Based on this preference, we developed and tested a novel promotion strategy that retailers could implement to recoup some of the lost spending by consumers who are shopping for picky people. In all, this research contributes to the literature on gift giving dynamics, and provides insights more broadly into how shoppers negotiate the burden of shopping for someone whom they anticipate will not like their choice. more...

Cardiovascular syphilis is a manifestation of tertiary syphilis, and is one that can have many complications, including syphilitic aortitis. In this review article, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of syphilitic aortitis and focus in on one of its complication, coronary ostial stenosis. Next, we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment options for both cardiovascular syphilis as well as coronary ostial stenosis. Finally, we present the findings of case reports in patients who had syphilitic aortitis with coronary ostial stenosis and their outcomes. more...

International audience; Photon bunching in incoherent cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy originates from the fact that a single high-energy electron can generate multiple photons when interacting with a material, thus, revealing key properties of electron−matter excitation. Contrary to previous works based on Monte Carlo modeling, here we present a fully analytical model describing the amplitude and shape of the second order autocorrelation function (g (2) (τ)) for continuous and pulsed electron beams. Moreover, we extend the analysis of photon bunching to ultrashort electron pulses, in which up to 500 electrons per pulse excite the sample within a few picoseconds. We obtain a simple equation relating the bunching strength (g (2) (0)) to the electron beam current, emitter decay lifetime, pulse duration, in the case of pulsed electron beams, and electron excitation efficiency (γ), defined as the probability that an electron creates at least one interaction with the emitter. The analytical model shows good agreement with the experimental data obtained on InGaN/GaN quantum wells using continuous, ns-pulsed (using beam blanker) and ultrashort ps-pulsed (using photoemission) electron beams. We extract excitation efficiencies of 0.13 and 0.05 for 10 and 8 keV electron beams, respectively, and we observe that nonlinear effects play no compelling role, even after excitation with ultrashort and dense electron cascades in the quantum wells. more...

The Potter-Cramer mine is an inactive lead, silver, and gold mine, originally claimed in the 1920s. It is the type locality for the rare fluorescent mineral wickenburgite. Also found at the mine ar... more...

I first learned of plans for the University of Arizona (U of A) Alfie Norville Gem and Mineral Museum while attending a meeting of the Arizona Minions (a local group of mineral enthusiasts) in May ... more...